. 


I 


I 


. 


THE  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE 
STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


During  the  First  Decade  after  the  Black  Death 

1349-1359 


BY 


BERTHA  HAVEN  PUTNAM,  A.  B. 


Instructor  in  History  at  Mount  Holyoke  College 


SUBMITTED  IN  PARTIAL  FULFILMENT  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS 
FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 

IN  THE 

Faculty  of  Political  Science 
Columbia  University 


1908 


A 


*787fo 

2968^ 


Copyright,  1908 

BY 

BERTHA  HAVEN  PUTNAM 


boston  college  library 

CHESTNUT  HILL,  MASS. 


MUR  Li ’68 


390131 


PREFACE 


While  taking  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  history  of  Eng¬ 
lish  Poor  Law,  given  by  Professor  F.  H.  Giddings  of 
Columbia  University,  I  became  interested  in  the  law  of 
parochial  settlement  and  in  its  effect  on  the  mobility  of  the 
working-man.  My  original  purpose  had  been  to  give  an 
account  of  its  origin  and  development  and  of  its  final  repeal 
during  the  era  of  the  abolition  of  the  Corn  laws.  Begin¬ 
ning  with  a  study  of  the  earliest  instances  of  national  legis¬ 
lation  dealing  with  the  labouring  classes,  I  was,  of  course, 
led  to  consider  the  ordinance  and  the  statute  of  labourers 
of  1349  and  1351,  and  found  that  although  these  measures 
and  their  consequences  had  been  frequently  discussed  by 
economic  historians,  no  detailed  investigation  had  as  yet 
been  made  of  the  methods  and  machinery  by  which  they 
were  enforced.  This  monograph  presents  the  results  of 
such  an  investigation,  based  chiefly  on  an  examination  of 
the  manuscript  sources  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  London. 

I  am  indebted  to  many  scholars  both  here  and  in  England 
for  valuable  assistance  on  specific  problems,  and  in  the  dis¬ 
cussion  of  these  problems  I  have  sought  to  make  clear  my 
indebtedness.  To  others  I  am  under  still  heavier  obliga¬ 
tions.  My  warm  appreciation  is  due  to  my  former  teacher, 
Professor  C.  M.  Andrews,  once  of  Bryn  Mawr,  now  of 
Johns  Hopkins,  who  has  given  me  freely  of  his  time  and 
has  helped  me  with  many  suggestions.  It  is  not  easy  ade¬ 
quately  to  express  my  gratitude  to  Mr.  Hubert  Hall,  of  the 

Public  Record  Office,  for  the  generosity  with  which  his 

iii 


IV 


PREFACE 


paleographical  skill  and  scholarship  have  been  placed  at  mv 
service  at  every  stage  of  my  work — from  the  reading  of  my 
first  manuscript  to  the  collation  of  my  final  copy.  For  my 
transcripts  of  manuscript  material  I  must  thank  several 
transcribers,  but  more  especially  Miss  Mary  Trice  Martin  ; 
without  her  cooperation  I  could  hardly  have  ventured  on 
printing  the  appendix.  In  addition  to  making  many  of  my 
transcripts,  she  has  collated  with  the  original  manuscripts 
the  typewritten  copy  of  the  text  of  all  my  documents  and 
has  verified  all  my  references  to  manuscript  sources. 

For  the  arduous  task  of  seeing  this  monograph  through 
the  press,  my  grateful  acknowledgments  must  be  made  to 
Professor  E.  R.  A.  Seligman.  My  thanks  are  also  due  to 
Dr.  Eugene  E.  Agger  for  correcting  the  English  proof  and 
to  Mr.  Otis  Hill,  Dr.  Richard  Riethmiiller  and  Dr.  Clar¬ 
ence  Perkins  for  assistance  in  reading  the  Latin  and  French 
proof. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  editor  and  publishers  of  the 
English  Historical  Review  I  am  enabled  to  make  use  of  my 
article  entitled  “  The  Justices  of  Labourers  in  the  Four¬ 
teenth  Century,"  which  appeared  in  July,  1906. 

New  York,  September,  1908. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


FACS 

Introduction.— The  Black  Death  and  the  enactment  of  the  ordi¬ 
nance  and  of  the  statute  of  labourers  . .  i 

PART  I 

The  Enforcement  of  the  Statutes  of  Labourers  by  Special 

Machinery  7 

CHAPTER  I 

Account  of  the  Justices  of  Labourers  9 

(1)  The  form  of  their  commissions . ‘ .  10 

(2)  Their  relation  to  the  keepers  of  the  peace .  17 

(3)  Method  of  appointment  and  removal  .  26 

(4)  Territorial  districts  of  their  jurisdiction .  36 

(5)  Their  oath  of  office .  40 

(6)  The  amount  of  their  salaries .  44 

(7)  The  personnel  of  the  commissions  .  49 

CHAPTER  II 

Proceedings  before  the  Justices  of  Labourers  57 

(1)  General  description  of  the  sessions  and  of  the  sessional  records.  58 

(2)  Procedure  in  sessions .  65 

(3)  Clauses  of  the  ordinance  and  statute  most  frequently  enforced  .  71 

(4)  Economic  and  social  status  of  the  delinquents .  77 

(5)  Penalties  .  82 

(6)  Rates  of  wages  and  prices .  87 

(7)  Supervision  of  the  proceedings  of  the  justices  of  labourers  .  92 


V 


VI 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


PAGE 

CHAPTER  III 

The  Disposition  of  the  Money  Penalties  under  the  Statutes  of 

Labourers  98 

(1)  Period  of  the  triennial  grants  of  1348  and  1352;  the  claims  of 

the  taxpayers .  99 

A.  Tenth  and  fifteenth  of  1348 . 99 

B.  Tenth  and  fifteenth  of  1352 . 106 

(a )  System  of  collection  and  distribution  of  the  penalties  .  108 

(b)  Embezzlement  by  collectors .  ...  120 

(c)  A  comparison  of  the  amount  of  the  penalties  with  that 

of  the  tax  . . 127 

(2)  Period  after  the  cessation  of  the  triennial  grants  of  1348  and  1352.  131 

A.  The  rights  of  the  crown:  Easter,  1351,  to  Easter,  1352; 

Michaelmas,  1354,  to  November,  1359 . 131 

B.  The  claims  of  the  lords  of  franchises . 138 

PART  II 

The  Enforcement  of  the  Statutes  of  Labourers  in  the  Old  Local 

Courts  and  in  the  Central  Courts  151 

CHAPTER  I 

The  Old  Local  Courts:  Communal  Courts  of  the  County  and 
of  the  Hundred;  Seignorial  Courts,  Feudal  and 

Franchise;  Municipal  Courts  153 

CHAPTER  II 

Central  Courts:  King’s  Bench  and  Common  Pleas,  1349-1377  166 

(1)  The  treatment  of  the  sources . 166 

(2)  Numerical  account  of  actions  on  the  statutes  of  labourers  .  .  170 

(3)  Clauses  of  the  ordinance  and  statute  on  which  the  actions  are 

brought . 174 

(4)  Classes  to  which  the  compulsory  service  and  contract  clauses 

applied . 179 

(5)  The  contract . 189 

(6)  The  effect  of  the  compulsory  service  and  contract  clauses  on 

the  lord’s  relation  to  his  villeins . 199 

(7)  Judgments  and  verdicts .  .  206 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Vll 


page 


PART  III 

Summary  of  the  Work  of  the  King’s  Council  215 

Conclusion . * . 219 


APPENDIX 

I.  Account  of  sources .  3* 

II.  Documents,  extracts  from  documents,  lists  and  tables  .  6* 

A.  Parliament  and  council .  6* 

1.  List  of  parliaments  1349-1359 .  8* 

2.  Enactments  ...  . 8* 

Extracts  from  Close  Rolls  and  Statute  Rolls .  8* 

B.  Chancery.  {Administrative  side) . 19* 


1.  Extracts  from  Chancery  enrollments,  chiefly  Patent  Rolls, 

and  corresponding  documents  for  the  palatinates  .  .  .  21* 

2.  Chronological  list  of  commissions  to  enforce  the  statutes 

of  labourers  issued  during  the  years  1349-1359  .  .  .  32* 

3.  List  of  the  671  justices  responsible  for  the  enforcement 

of  the  statutes  during  the  decade  .  .  .......  43* 

4.  List  of  territorial  districts  for  which  separate  commis¬ 

sions  for  labourers  were  issued  between  1352  and  1359.138* 

C.  Local  courts  under  crown-appointed  justices . 142* 

1.  Quarter  sessions  records  .  . . 142* 

Extracts  from  Ancient  Indictments  and  Assize  Rolls  .  .  145* 

2.  Records  illustrating  the  supervision  of  the  justices  in  ses¬ 

sion  . 239* 

Extracts  from  Assize  Rolls,  Coram  Rege  Rolls  and 
County  Placita . 241* 

D.  Exchequer . .  255* 

1.  Extracts  from  Assize  Rolls,  Memoranda  Rolls  and  Ori- 

ginalia  Rolls . 258* 

2.  Extracts  from  Lay  Subsidies  and  Memoranda  Rolls  .  .  .  268* 

3.  Extracts  from  Memoranda  Rolls . 289* 

4.  Accounts  of  the  collectors  of  the  triennial  of  1352.  A 

table  of  figures  taken  from  Enrolled  Subsidies.  Ex¬ 
tracts  from  Accounts,  K.  R.,  Enrolled  Subsidies  and 
Lay  Subsidies . 312* 

5.  Extracts  from  Accounts,  K.  R.,  Close  Rolls,  Memoranda 

Rolls  and  Pipe  Rolls . 363* 

6.  Extracts  from  Accounts,  K.  R.,  Memoranda  Rolls, 

Patent  Rolls  and  Pipe  Rolls . 373* 


•  •  • 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


vm 


PAGE 

E.  Records  of  the  old  local  courts .  .  .  391* 

Extracts  from  Assize  Rolls  and  Court  Rolls.  . . 391* 

F.  Records  of  the  central  courts . 400* 

1.  Extracts  from  Ancient  Indictments  and  Assize  Rolls  .  .  400* 

2.  Form  of  writs,  counts,  exigends,  pardons  for  outlawry 

from  the  Regi strum,  Novae  Narrationes ,  Coroners’ 

Rolls  and  Patent  Rolls . 41 1* 

3.  List  of  44  reports  from  Year  Books  and  abridgments  and 

of  the  corresponding  records  from  Coram  Rege  Rolls 
and  De  Banco  Rolls  . .  416* 

4.  Cases  44,  31,  6,  42  and  20 .  419* 

5.  Cases  10,  17,  28,  32  and  36 .  .  439* 

6.  Cases  9,  38  and  43 . 452* 

Bibliography  of  printed  sources . 464* 

Index . 475* 


CITATIONS  IN  FOOTNOTES. 


Printed  sources: 

A.  H.  R. — American  Historical  Review. 

E.  H.  R. — English  Historical  Review. 

R.  D.  K. — Report  of  the  Deputy  Keeper. 

Cal. — Calendar. 

Rot.  Pari. — Rotuli  Parliamentorum. 

Statutes — Statutes  of  the  Realm. 

Since  the  full  titles  and  names  of  authors  are  given  in  the  bibliography, 
in  general  only  shortened  forms  are  used  in  the  notes,  but  it  is  hoped 
that  the  abbreviations  are  all  obvious. 

Manuscript  sources,  in  Public  Record  Office  unless  otherwise  indicated: 
Claus. — Rotuli  Literarum  Clausarum. 

Pat. — Rotuli  Literarum  Patencium. 

Orig. — Originalia. 

In  each  case  the  first  numeral  refers  to  the  regnal  year  of  Edw.  III. 
Mem.  K.  R. — Memoranda  Roll  of  the  King’s  Remembrancer. 

Mem.  L.  T.  R. —Memoranda  Roll  of  the  Lord  Treasurer’s  Remem¬ 
brancer. 

The  first  numeral  refers  to  the  regnal  year  and  is  followed  by  the  ab¬ 
breviation  for  the  law  term,  then  by  the  sub-title  and  by  the  number 
of  the  membrane  when  the  latter  is  given. 

Law  terms : 

Hill. — Hilar}-. 

Pasch. — Easter. 

Trin. — Trinity. 

Mich.— Michaelmas. 

For  the  sub-titles  the  only  abbreviations  used  are  the  following: 

Breu.  Baron. — Breuia  directa  baronibus. 

Breu.  Ret. — Breuia  retornabilia. 

Breu.  Irret. — Breuia  irretornabilia. 

Plea  Rolls : 

De  Banco — De  Banco  Rolls. 

Coram  Rege — Coram  Rege  Rolls. 

The  first  numeral  refers  to  the  regnal  year  and  is  followed  first  by  the 
law  term,  then  by  the  number  of  the  membrane,  and  lastly  by  the  name 
of  the  county.  In  the  Coram  Rege  Rolls,  either  “Rex  ”  or  the  name 
of  the  chief  justice  has  to  be  added  just  before  the  number  of  the  mem¬ 
brane  in  order  to  distinguish  between  the  two  portions  of  the  roll. 


IX 


ERRATA. 


Page  3,  note  2,  line  5,  for  89  93  read  89-93. 

Page  30,  note  1,  line  2,  for  Ramsay  read  Ramsey. 

Page  54,  note  6,  line  2,  for  315 7  read  1357. 

Pag’e  69,  line  8,  for  snpersedeas  read  supersedeas. 

Page  73,  line  7  from  bottom,  for  “or  he  read  or  “he. 

Page  200,  note  6,  for  pt.  i,  ch.  i,  s.  7,  read  pt.  i,  ch.  ii,  s.  7. 

Page  41*,  line  16,  add  manor  of  Kirton  twice. 

Page  58*,  for  Brughbrigg  read  Burghbrigg. 

Page  66*.  for  Coluyll  read  Colvyll. 

Page  140*,  line  18,  for  8  July  /  30  read  26  March  /  30. 

Ibid .,  line  21,  for  8  June  /  30  read  8  July  /  30. 

Page  159*,  line  7.  for  lohanes  read  Iohannes. 

Page  171*,  last  line,  for  Johannes  read  Iohannes. 

Page  191*,  line  2  from  bottom,  for  Thirty  years  read  Thirty  days. 
Page  216*,  line  23,  for  Iohannis  read  Johannis. 

Page  224*.  line  2  from  bottom,  for  Regeri  read  Rogeri. 

Page  253*,  last  line,  for  Roberti  read  Roberto. 

Page  302*,  line  3,  for  attacheret  read  attachiaret. 

Page  374*,  line  3  from  bottom,  for  adudicata  read  adiudicata. 

Page  413*,  throughout  extract  from  Novae  Narrationes ,  for  v  read 
Page  416*,  line  4,  for  three  read  two. 

Page  425*,  last  line,  for  concordati  read  concordari. 

Page  454*,  line  6  from  bottom,  for  ipsuis  read  ipsius. 


INTRODUCTION 


THE  BLACK  DEATH  AND  THE  ENACTMENT  OF  THE  ORDI¬ 
NANCE  AND  OF  THE  STATUTE  OF  LABOURERS 

The  Black  Death  reached  Dorsetshire  in  August, 
1348,1  and  spreading  first  toward  the  west,  and  then 
toward  the  northeast,  appeared  in  London  by  the  end  of 
September  or  the  beginning  of  November;2  it  was  at  its 
height  in  Surrey  and  Hampshire  during  the  following 
spring,3  and  in  the  northern  and  eastern  counties  during 
the  summer  and  early  autumn,4  ending  nearly  every¬ 
where  in  England  by  the  last  months  of  1349. 5  Esti¬ 
mates  of  the  mortality  during  these  fourteen  or  fifteen 
months  vary  from  nine-tenths  to  one-fifth  of  the  total 
population ;  a  half  is  probably  fairly  near  the  truth,6 

Creighton,  Hist,  of  Epidemics ,  i,  116;  for  discussion  of  the  exact 
date,  see  Gasquet,  The  Great  Pestilence ,  71-74. 

2 Creighton,  loc.  cit.  3 Gasquet,  op.  cit.,  112-114.  4 Ibid.,  67,  128. 

5 Creighton,  op.  cit.,  i,  177,  gives  Michaelmas,  1349,  as  the  latest 
date,  but  Gasquet,  op.  cit.,  160,  quotes  an  instance  in  the  north  as  late 
as  the  spring  of  1350. 

6 Eulogium  Historiarum,  iii,  213,  one-fifth;  Le  Baker,  Chronicon , 
90,  nine-tenths;  Rogers,  Work  and  Wages,  223,  a  third;  Jessopp,  The 
Coming  of  the  Friars,  205-206,  a  half  in  East  Anglia;  Creighton,  op. 
cit.,  i,  123-139,  gives  various  estimates  for  specific  localities;  Gasquet, 
op.  cit.,  194-195,  inclines  to  a  half;  Cunningham,  Growth  of  Eng.  In¬ 
dustry  and  Commerce ,  i,  329-336,  in  a  summary  of  the  effects  of  the 
plague  and  of  the  statutes  of  labourers,  inclines  to  the  theory  of  “nearly 
a  half.”  For  an  accurate  estimate  in  one  district,  cf.  Little,  “Black 
Death  in  Lancashire,”  in  E.  H.  R.,  v.  These  modern  calculations  are 
based  largely  on  records  of  presentations  to  livings  and  on  the  evidence 
furnished  by  manorial  court  rolls.  The  sources  examined  for  this  mono¬ 
graph  contain  much  information  both  direct  and  indirect  as  to  the  de¬ 
vastation  of  the  country. 

1 


2 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


representing  perhaps  two  and  a  half  millions  of  deaths.1 
While  the  plague  was  by  no  means  confined  to  the 
labouring  classes,  the  consensus  of  opinion  is  that  the 
death  rate  was  highest  among  the  poor ; a  complaints  as 
to  the  scarcity  of  labour  of  all  kinds,  especially  agri¬ 
cultural,  of  the  exorbitant  wages  demanded  by  the  lab¬ 
ourers  fortunate  enough  to  survive,  and  of  the  consequent 
inability  of  landowners  to  till  their  lands,  arose  immedi¬ 
ately,  and  have  been  recorded  by  all  commentators  from 
the  contemporary  chroniclers3  down  to  the  modern 
economic  historians.4  Parliament  being  unable  to  meet 
on  account  of  the  pestilence,  the  responsibility  of  dealing 
with  the  emergency  fell  upon  the  king’s  council;5  the 
result  was  the  issue  on  18  June,  1349,  of  the  famous 
ordinance  of  labourers.6  The  continuance  of  the  serious¬ 
ness  of  the  labour  problem  is  given  as  one  of  the  reasons 
for  the  summoning,  for  February,  1351,  of  the  first  parlia¬ 
ment  that  sat  after  the  plague ; 7  the  statement  of  the 
commons  that  the  council's  decree  is  not  obeyed  is  met 
by  the  statute  of  labourers,  not  as  a  re-enactment  of  the 
ordinance,  but  as  a  supplement  to  it.8  The  provisions  of 

^he  total  number  of  deaths  is  also  a  debatable  question;  Cunning¬ 
ham,  op.  cit.,  i,  331-332,  summarizes  the  controversy  between  Seebohm 
and  Rogers  on  this  point.  See  my  bibliography  for  references  to  their 
articles. 

2  Gasquet,  op.  cit.,  195;  Creighton,  op.  cit.,  i,  124. 

5  Of  the  chroniclers  Knighton  gives  the  fullest  description;  ii,  58-65, 
74.  Cf.  also  Eulogium  Historiarum,  iii,  213-214;  Chronicon  Angliac, 
27:  Le  Baker,  98-100;  Avesbury,  406-407. 

4 Gasquet  and  Cunningham  both  contain  references  to  many  valuable 
manuscript  documents. 

6 Stubbs,  Const.  Hist.,  ii,  418,  note  2,  428,  note  1. 

eApp.,  8-12.  7 Rot .  Pari.,  ii,  225b. 

8 Ibid.,  ii,  227b;  for  the  text  of  the  statute  see  app.,  12-17.  The  usual 
opinion,  even  that  of  Stubbs,  is  that  the  statute  re-enacted  the  ordi¬ 
nance.  In  reality  the  latter  was  not  made  a  statute  until  the  next  reign; 
Statutes ,  2  R.  II,  st.  i,  c.  8. 


INTRODUCTION 


3 


the  two  measures  will  later  be  analyzed  in  detail ;  here 
it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  their  main  object  was  to  secure 
an  adequate  supply  of  labourers  at  the  rate  of  wages  pre¬ 
vailing  before  the  catastrophe,1  and  that  the  notable 
feature  of  these  enactments  is  that  they  constitute  the 
first  important  attempt  of  the  central  authorities  to 
apply  to  the  country  as  a  whole,  uniform  legislation  on 
wages  and  prices, — matters  that  had  been  previously  left 
to  local  control.2 

In  considering  this  legislation  there  are  two  questions 
that  must  be  answered ;  first,  were  its  provisions  legiti¬ 
mate,  and  second,  were  they  effective?  Among  histori¬ 
ans  we  find  strongly  opposed  opinions  on  both  these 
points.  On  one  side  it  is  urged  that  the  statutes3  repre¬ 
sent  an  endeavor  to  perpetuate  villeinage  and  to  hinder 
the  movement  toward  freedom 4  and  aimed  to  restrict 
wages  in  the  interests  of  the  employer  to  a  degree  that 

1  Since  the  supply  was  to  be  provided  in  part  by  the  compulsory  labour 
of  the  able-bodied  vagrant,  it  is  true,  as  Cunningham  points  out,  op. 
cit.,  i,  335,  that  this  portion  of  the  ordinance  marks  the  beginning  of 
what  afterwards  developed  into  a  poor  law.  I  am  not  here  concerned 
with  this  later  development,  which  was  certainly  not  foreseen  by  the 
framers  of  the  measure. 

2  For  an  account  of  the  action  of  the  central  government  on  economic 
questions  previous  to  1349,  see  Cunningham,  op.  cit.,  i,  270  et  seq., 
329-330,  ii,  6-7;  and  Ashley,  Ec.  Hist.,  i,  ch.  3.  The  closest  analogy 
to  the  present  enactment  is  that  of  the  ordinance  of  prices  of  1315,  which 
was  speedily  withdrawn;  Rot.  Pari.,  i,  295;  Trokelowe,  89-93;  Stubbs, 
op.  cit.,  ii,  350.  I  shall  deal  with  the  subject  to  a  slight  extent  in  pt. 

ii,  ch.  i. 

3 Throughout  this  work  for  the  sake  of  brevity  I  use  “statutes”  to 
include  the  ordinance  and  the  statute,  except  when  it  is  essential  that  a 
distinction  between  them  should  be  made. 

4  Eden,  State  of  the  Poor ,  i,  41-42;  Mackay,  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poor  Law, 

iii,  13-17;  Nicholls,  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poor  Law,  i,  45;  Pashley,  Pauper¬ 
ism  and  Poor  Laws,  161-163;  Seebohm,  “Villainage  in  England,”  in 
E.  H.  R.,  vii,  458. 


4 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


was  unjust  and  atrocious;1  on  the  other  side  it  is  held 
that  the  statutes  were  hostile  to  villeinage,  inasmuch  as 
they  interfered  with  the  relations  of  the  lord  to  his 
villein  and  lessened  the  dependence  of  the  latter  on  the 
former,2  and  that  in  accordance  with  the  economic  theo¬ 
ries  and  practices  of  the  age  it  was  both  reasonable  and 
desirable  that  wages  should  be  regulated,  these  statutes 
being  peculiarly  equitable  in  that  they  aimed  to  restrict 
prices  as  well  as  wages.3  As  to  their  effectiveness,  we 
find  that  while  the  belief  is  often  expressed  that  the 
statutes  were  one  factor  in  the  causation  of  the  peasants' 
revolt,4  the  common  statement  is  that  they  were  inopera¬ 
tive  as  to  their  avowed  object  and  may  be  regarded  as 
dead  letters.5  This  view  is  based  either  on  the  fact  of  the 
undeniable  rise  in  wages  after  the  plague,  put  at  from 


1  Eden,  op.  cit.,  i,  39-42;  Pashley,  loc.  cit.;  Rogers,  Hist,  of  Prices ,. 

v,  preface,  xi-xii,  passim;  Seebohm,  “The  Black  Death,”  in  Fort¬ 
nightly  Review ,  ii,  270-273. 

3  Petrushevsky,  Wat  Tyler  s  Rebellion  (Russian),  reviewed  by  Savine 
in  £.  H.  R.,  xvii,  781-782;  Savine,  “  Bondmen  under  the  Tudors,”  in 
Trans.  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  new  series,  xvii,  254-256;  for  an  important 
discussion  of  this  aspect  of  the  statutes,  cf.  Vinogradoff,  Villainage  in 
E?igland,  53-55. 

3  Ashley,  op.  cit .,  i,  ch.  3,  ii,  332-337;  Brentano,  Hist,  of  Gilds , 
cxlii— cxliii ;  Cunningham,  op.  cit.,  i,  249-254,  335-336;  Tout,  Polit. 
Hist,  of  England ,  372-374. 

*  Bergenroth,  Sybel’s  Hist.  Zeitschrift,  ii,  51-86;  Kriehn,  “Social 
Revolt,  1381,”  in  A.  H.  R.,  vii,  282-285,  477-479;  Oman,  The  Great 
Revolt ,  7-9,  17;  Page,  End  of  Villainage ,  71;  Petit-Dutaillis,  in  intro¬ 
duction  to  Reville’s  SouUvement  des  Travailleurs  dy  Angleterre,  xxxii, 
xlv-xlix;  Powell,  The  East  Anglia  Rising ,  1;  Seebohm  in  Fortnightly 
quoted  supra ,  272;  Stubbs,  op.  cit.,  ii,  420;  Trevelyan,  Wycliffe,  189- 
190,  217-218. 

bE.g.,  Powell,  loc.  cit.;  Stubbs,  op.  cit.,  ii,  428,  473.  Eden  is  an 
exception,  and  with  no  reference  to  the  revolt  holds  that  the  statute  was 
“rigorously  enforced;”  op.  cit.,  i,  42.  Cf.  also  Denton,  Eng.  in  the 
15th  Century,  239-241. 


INTRODUCTION 


5 


fifty  to  a  hundred  per  cent,1  or  on  the  persistence  of 
complaints  in  parliament  of  the  failure  of  the  statutes  and 
on  the  necessity  of  their  frequent  re-enactment.2 

It  has  seemed  to  me  that  the  simplest  and  most  ac¬ 
curate  manner  of  trying  to  answer  these  questions  and 
to  discover  what  actually  happened  was  to  examine  the 
available  sources  dealing  with  the  methods  of  administra¬ 
tion,3  and  to  attempt  to  present  a  detailed  account  of  the 
efforts  of  central  and  local  officials  to  enforce  the  statutes. 
For  this  purpose  I  have  been  obliged  to  confine  myself 
almost  entirely  to  the  first  ten  years  after  the  Black 
Death  ;  my  conclusions,  therefore,  with  a  few  exceptions 
to  be  noted  in  due  course,  apply  only  to  this  limited 
period,  but  it  is  hoped  that  for  a  century  in  which  con¬ 
stitutional,  political  and  economic  problems  have  at¬ 
tracted  by  far  the  largest  share  of  attention  a  study  of 
any  one  sphere  of  administration  may  be  valuable  as 
typical  of  administrative  methods  in  general,  and  may 
therefore  serve  to  increase  our  knowledge  of  the  life  of 
the  times. 

!  Rogers,  Hist,  of  Prices,  i,  265,  269-270,  292,  298-300;  Work  and 
Wages ,  237;  “  England  before  and  after  the  Black  Death,”  in  Fort¬ 
nightly  Review,  iii,  193;  “The  Peasants’  War  of  1381,”  ibid. ,  iv,  92. 
Rogers  does,  however,  admit  a  possible  effect  on  agricultural  wages  in 
certain  districts.  Ashley,  in  an  article  on  Rogers  in  Political  Science 
Quarterly,  iv,  398,  points  out  that  the  latter  was  the  first  to  try  to  esti¬ 
mate  this  rise  in  wages.  Other  writers  usually  follow  Rogers;  cf.  e.g., 
Gibbins,  Industry  in  England ,  153,  and  Trevelyan,  Wycliffe,  187-188. 

2Gasquet,  op.  cit.,  197-198,  presents  this  view  with  peculiar  emphasis; 
cf.  also  Rogers,  Hist,  of  Prices,  i,  299. 

3  For  an  explanation  of  my  omission  of  the  work  of  the  church  in  en¬ 
forcing  the  statutes,  and  of  my  insufficient  treatment  of  the  old  local 
authorities,  see  app.,  3-4,  and  pt.  ii,  ch.  i. 


PART  I 


THE  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS  BY 

SPECIAL  MACHINERY 

The  assertion  by  the  central  government  of  its  right 
to  legislate  on  economic  matters  for  the  whole  country 
on  a  scale  previously  unheard  of  necessarily  included  the 
duty  of  providing  for  the  administration  of  the  legisla¬ 
tion;  the  special  machinery  devised  for  this  purpose 
must  first  be  described. 


CHAPTER  I 


ACCOUNT  OF  THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 

The  lack  of  accurate  knowledge  as  to  the  extent  of 
the  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers  is  in  no  way 
more  clearly  shown  than  by  the  fact  that  there  has  not 
even  been  unanimity  among  historians  as  to  whether 
these  statutes  were,  in  the  beginning,  as  was  certainly  the 
case  later,  included  in  the  jurisdiction  of  the  justices  of 
the  peace  or  whether  they  were  left  to  a  separate  com¬ 
mission.1  My  first  task,  therefore,  is  to  establish  the 
identity  of  the  justices  mentioned  in  the  ordinance  and 
the  statute.2 

1 1  am  indebted  to  Professor  Cheyney  for  having  called  my  attention 
to  this  question  and  to  Professor  C.  A.  Beard  for  many  valuable  sug¬ 
gestions.  Lambard  ( Eirenarcha ,  562-3),  referring  to  the  statutes  for 
the  regulation  of  the  sessions  of  the  justices  of  the  peace,  writes:  “The 
first  of  these  foure  Statutes "  (i.e.,  25  Edw.  Ill,  c.  8)  “doth  (in  shew, 
and  in  common  opinion)  concerne  the  Sessions  of  the  Iustices  of  Peace, 
but  in  truth  it  belongeth  not  at  all  to  them:  for  it  was  made  to  direct 
the  Iustices  of  Labourers  in  the  times  of  holding  their  sessions:  and 
they  were  not  Commissioners  of  the  peace,  but  speciall  Iustices  for  the 
causes  of  Labourers  alone,  not  resiant  in  the  countrey,  but  sent  downe 
for  the  time  of  that  seruice,  as  it  may  expressely  appeare,  not  onely  by 
the  preamble  and  all  the  parts  of  the  said  statute  it  selfe,  but  also  by  the 
statutes  28  Ed.  Ill,  cap.  5,  31  E.  Ill,  cap.  6,  and  34  E.  Ill,  cap.  11, 
during  all  of  which  time  also,  the  Wardens  of  the  peace  were  neither 
called  Iustices  by  any  Statute,  nor  authorized  to  deale  with  Labourers." 
For  the  same  view  cf.  Howard,  The  King's  Peace,  40,  and  Beard, 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  60-61.  For  the  theory  that  the  persons  assigned 
to  execute  the  statutes  of  labourers  were  probably  the  keepers  of  the 
peace,  see  Reeves,  Hist,  of  Eng.  Law,  ii,  330.  The  historians  of  the 
English  Poor  Law  have  usually  shirked  the  question  altogether. 

2  The  main  portions  of  this  section  and  of  section  2  have  already  ap¬ 
peared  in  my  article  on  the  “Justices  of  Labourers"  in  E.  H.  R.,  xxi. 

0 


IO 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


(i)  The  form  of  their  commissions. — From  the  point 
of  view  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  justices  responsible  for 
the  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers  and,  there¬ 
fore,  also  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  form  of  their 
commissions,  four  periods  are  distinguishable  for  the 
reign  of  Edward  III,  three  of  which  fall  within  the 
decade  1349-1359.1 

1.  Of  these  the  first,  running  from  18  June,  1349,  the 
date  of  the  ordinance  of  labourers,  to  February,  1351, 
the  date  of  the  statute  of  labourers,  or  more  strictly  to 
15  March,  the  date  of  the  first  commission  issued  as  a 
result  of  the  statute,2  was  a  period  of  various  administra¬ 
tive  experiments.  The  ordinance,  while  specifying  the 
duties  of  existing  local  officials,  bailiffs,  constables,  etc., 
merely  refers  in  the  victuallers’  clause3  to  iusticiariis  per 
nos  assignandis,  with  no  account  of  their  powers;  one 
must  turn  to  chancery  enrollments  for  information  as  to 
these  justices.  On  20  February,  1350,  a  commission  for 
seven  counties  was  issued  for  the  preservation  of  the 
peace  and  the  enforcement  of  the  ordinance  of  labourers ; 4 
on  15  June  a  commission  for  the  enforcement  of  the 
ordinance  was  issued  by  the  bishop  of  Durham  for  five 
districts  within  his  palatinate;5  commissions  were  also 

1  For  the  fourth  period,  see  the  article  just  mentioned,  526-527. 

J  App.,  34.  3  App.,  11. 

4  “  De  pace  conseruanda;”  app.,  33.  As  I  am  here  dealing  with 
justices  I  have  omitted  from  the  discussion  in  the  text  the  two  earliest 
recorded  commissions  issued  in  pursuance  of  the  ordinance,  namely, 
one  of  6  Dec.,  1349  to  the  chancellor  of  the  university  and  to  the  mayor 
of  Oxford,  app.,  33,  and  one  of  8  Dec.  to  the  mayor  and  sheriffs  of 
London,  app.,  33  ,  note  1. 

5 App.,  27,  and  note  3.  Mr.  Lapsley  in  The  County  Palatine  of 
Durham ,  257,  note  3,  refers  to  a  commission  to  execute  the  statute  of 
labourers  in  Rot.  Hatfield,  ann.  1,  m  id,  curs.  30;  evidently  by  an 
error,  as  the  first  year  of  Bishop  Hatfield’s  pontificate  was  1345,  and 
therefore  previous  to  the  labour  legislation. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


II 


issued  for  the  enforcement  of  the  ordinance  on  20  Octo¬ 
ber  for  Lancaster,1  and  on  12  and  18  November  for 
Lindsey  and  Suffolk  respectively;2  while  from  sources 
other  than  the  Patent  Rolls  there  is  evidence  that  for  this 
same  year  justices  were  executing-  the  ordinance  in  Dor¬ 
set,3  Essex,4  Northampton5  and  Surrey,6  and  in  Lindsey 7 
even  previous  to  November,  1350.  In  the  case  of  both 
Dorset8  and  Lindsey9  the  Patent  Rolls  show  that  these 
same  men  were  already  acting  as  keepers  of  the  peace. 
There  is,  therefore,  a  total  of  sixteen  commissions,10  nine 

1“De  inquirendo  de  malefactoribus  in  comitatu  Lancastrie;”  app., 
34.  Henry  of  Lancaster  received  palatine  rights  on  6  March,  1351,* 
R.  D.  K.,  xxx,  v.  During  the  rest  of  the  decade  therefore  commis¬ 
sions  were  issued  by  him  instead  of  by  the  king;  cf.  p.  16,  infra. 

2“De  operariis  castigandis;’’  app.,  34.  Although  this  document 
was  printed  by  Rymer,  the  only  reference  to  it  that  I  have  found  in 
modern  writers  is  in  Creighton,  Hist,  of  Epidemics ,  i,  182:  “The  same 
ordinance  ( i .  <?.,  23  Edw.  Ill),  with  some  added  paragraphs,  was  re¬ 
issued  on  the  18th  November,  1350,  to  the  county  of  Suffolk  and  to  the 
district  of  Lindsey  (Lincolshire) .”  The  text  shows  that  the  document 
is  a  commission  to  justices,  not  a  re-issue  of  the  ordinance. 

3  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  31,  Hill.,  Recorda,  rot.  9,  Somerset’  Dorset’,  “  De 
vicecomite  commisso  prisone  quia supersedit  levacioni  debitorum  Regis;’’ 
a  reference  to  “  Roberto  fitz  Pavn  et  Iohanne  de  Munden  et  sociis  suis 
custodibus  pacis  et  ad  excessus  operariorum  Regis  in  comitatu  Dorset’ 
anno  xxmi  . 

4  App.,  D,  1. 

5Orig.,  24,  m.  33,  12  June,  “  De  compellendo  stipendarios  soluere 
excessiua  per  ipsos  recepta  subtaxatoribus;’’  Walter  de  Mauny  and  his 
companions  are  referred  to  as  having  power  to  enforce  the  ordinance; 
the  wording  indicates  powers  for  the  preservation  of  the  peace  also.  On 
the  same  roll  there  is  a  similar  reference  to  William  de  Thorp  and  his 
companions  as  acting  in  Leicester. 

6  App.,  248-249.  7  App.,  242-243. 

8 Pat.,  23,  pt.  2,  m.  27  d,  1  July;  Cal.,  viii,  382. 

9 App.,  243,  note  1. 

10The  commission  for  the  several  divisions  of  Durham  is  counted  as 
only  one. 


12 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


of  which  certainly  included  jurisdiction  both  for  the  pre¬ 
servation  of  the  peace  and  under  the  ordinance  of  labour¬ 
ers.  For  the  same  period  there  are  a  number  of  separate 
commissions  of  the  peace,1  so  that  evidently  neither  sys¬ 
tem  had  become  fixed. 

The  experimental  character  of  these  first  attempts  at 
enforcement  is  shown  by  the  varying  forms  of  the  above 
commissions.  That  for  Durham  is  sui  generis ,  couched 
in  vague  terms,  scarcely  intelligible,  but  for  the  marginal 
heading;  the  joint  commission2  includes  eight  important 
clauses:  i.  The  preservation  of  the  peace  under  the 
statutes  of  Winchester  and  Northampton.  2.  Powers  of 
array.  3.  Inquiry  by  sworn  inquest  as  to  the  violence 
committed  by  vast  multitudes  of  malefactors.  4.  Inquiry 
as  to  labourers  who  had  received  excess  wages  contrary 
to  the  ordinance.  5.  Inquiry  as  to  misappropriation  by 
local  officials,  bailiffs,  etc.,  of  the  penalties  imposed  on 
such  labourers.  6.  Inquiry  as  to  similar  misappropria¬ 
tion  by  the  subsidy  collectors.3  7.  Punishment  of 
offences  against  any  portion  of  the  ordinance.  8.  Power 
of  two  of  the  commission  to  hear  and  determine  cases  of 
homicide  and  felony.4  The  commission  for  Lancaster 
omits  clauses  1,  2,  and  8,  but  contains  an  almost  exact 
duplicate  of  the  remainder  of  the  joint  commission,  with 
merely  slight  verbal  variations  in  clause  3.  The  form  of 
the  commissions  for  Lindsey  and  Suffolk  is,  however, 

^at.,  23,  pt.  2,  m.  27  d,  Cal.,  viii,  382-383;  24,  pt.  1,  m.  38  d,  Cal., 
516. 

2  “Joint  commission”  is  used  throughout  to  describe  commissions 
having  jurisdiction  over  both  the  preservation  of  the  peace  and  the  sta¬ 
tutes  of  labourers. 

3  For  the  duties  of  the  collectors,  cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A. 

K  The  usual  instructions  to  the  sheriff  and  the  authority  to  hear  and 
determine  unfinished  indictments  are  not  touched  on  in  this  analysis. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


13 


entirely  different ;  the  letter  patent  begins  with  the 
recital  of  the  whole  ordinance  and  continues  with  the 
statement  that  in  consequence  of  the  complaints  of  its 
non-observance  that  have  reached  the  council,  special 
justices  are  now  appointed  to  punish  all  offenders  against 
the  measure,  ending  with  the  reservation  that  these  jus¬ 
tices  are  not  to  interfere  with  the  rights  of  the  justices 
of  the  peace  or  of  the  collectors  of  the  subsidy. 

In  view  of  the  small  proportion  of  counties  here  repre¬ 
sented  one  is  somewhat  puzzled  by  the  clause  in  the  pre¬ 
amble  to  the  statute  of  labourers  :  Sur  qoi  commissions 
furent  faites  as  diuerses  gentz  en  chescun  counte  denquere 
et  punir  touz  ceanx  que  venissent  au  contraire.1  The 
length  of  time  between  June,  the  date  of  the  ordinance, 
and  the  following  February,  the  date  of  the  first  enrolled 
commission,2  is  also  difficult  to  explain.  It  seems  prob¬ 
able  either  that,  as  in  the  case  of  the  five  counties  men¬ 
tioned,  commissions  similar  to  those  recorded,  or  at  least 
supplementary  instructions  to  the  existing  keepers  of  the 
peace,  had  failed  to  get  enrolled,3  or  that  some  other  set 
of  officials  received  the  powers  referred  to  in  the  pre¬ 
amble.  The  evidence  in  favor  of  this  last  possibility  will 
be  given  in  full  later.4 

2.  The  second  period,  from  15  March,  1351,  to  De¬ 
cember,  1352,  was  one  of  joint  commissions  of  the  peace 
and  for  labourers.5  It  has  already  been  emphasized  that 
the  statute  of  labourers  passed  in  February,  1351,  was 
not  a  re-enactment  of  the  ordinance  but  a  supplement  to 

JApp.,  12.  2  Cf.  p.  10,  note  4,  supra. 

3  For  the  years  1351-1359  the  indications  are  that  comparatively  few 
commissions  were  omitted  from  the  Patent  Rolls,  cf.  p.  21,  note  1. 

4Pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A. 

5  For  conciseness  I  use  this  phrase  in  place  of  “  commissions  to  en¬ 
force  the  statutes  of  labourers.” 


14 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


it ; 1  its  importance  consisted  mainly  in  the  much-needed 
administrative  details2  and  in  the  definite  mention  of  addi¬ 
tional  classes  of  labourers  and  of  specific  rates  of  wages. 
While  many  duties  are  still  left  to  local  officials,  the 
“  justices”  who  are  to  be  assigned,  and  who  are  described 
as  coming  into  the  country  to  hold  their  sessions,  are 
given,  in  successive  clauses,  full  powers  in  regard  to  the 
labour  legislation,  including  the  responsibility  for  inquir¬ 
ing  into  the  misdeeds  of  local  officials  and  also  for  hand¬ 
ing  over  to  the  collectors  of  the  current  tenth  and 
fifteenth  the  penalties  arising  from  infringements  of  the 
act.  Every  phrase  in  the  text  serves  to  confirm  Lam- 
bard's  inference  that  these  justices  were  “  speciall  Iustices 
for  the  causes  of  Labourers  alone.”3  Hence  it  is  a  dis¬ 
tinct  surprise  to  find  that  the  form  of  the  first  commis¬ 
sions  issued  as  the  result  of  the  statute  duplicates  almost 
exactly  that  of  the  joint  commissions  of  the  first  period.4 
The  first  three  clauses  as  to  the  peace,  array  and  violence 
of  malefactors,  are  identical  in  phraseology;  clause  4,  in¬ 
stead  of  referring  merely  to  excess  wages  as  does  the 
corresponding  clause  of  the  earlier  commission,  has  be¬ 
come  a  general  clause  for  the  enforcement  of  both  the 
ordinance  and  the  statute  of  labourers  ;  clauses  5  and  6 
relating  to  the  supervision  of  certain  officials  are  exactly 
identical ;  clause  7,  on  the  punishment  of  all  offences 
against  the  legislation,  has  only  slight  verbal  modifica¬ 
tions  ;  while  clause  8,  dealing  with  homicides  and  felon¬ 
ies,  is  considerably  amplified.  Commissions  of  the  type 
just  described  were  now  issued  for  forty-two  districts, 

1  Introduction,  p.  2. 

tIbid.;  the  complaints  that  the  ordinance  is  not  obeyed  find  expres¬ 
sion  in  the  preamble  to  the  statute;  evidently  the  first  system  of  ad¬ 
ministration  had  proved  a  failure. 

z  Supra,  p.  9,  note  1. 


4App.,  21-24,  and  34. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


15 


comprising  thirty-nine  counties  and  three  towns 1  and 
during  the  following  year  commissions  varying  slightly 
in  phraseology  but  all  including  jurisdiction  over  both 
the  peace  and  the  statutes  of  labourers  were  appointed 
for  several  counties  and  for  a  number  of  towns.2 

3.  The  third  period,  from  December,  1352  to  Novem¬ 
ber,  1359,  is  a  period  of  separate  commissions  of  the 
peace  and  for  labourers,  issued  systematically  for  practi¬ 
cally  the  whole  country.  248  commissions  are  recorded 
on  the  Patent  Rolls ; 3  the  jurisdiction  of  those  enrolled 
during  the  first  five  years  was  limited  to  the  statutes  of 
labourers, 4  but  in  1357  it  was  extended  to  include  the 
enforcement  of  uniform  standards  of  weights  and  meas¬ 
ures.5  The  form  has  been  greatly  simplified.  The  first 
three  clauses  as  to  the  peace,  array  and  violence  of  male¬ 
factors  and  clause  8  dealing  with  homicides  and  felonies 
have,  of  course,  disappeared,  as  well  as  clause  6  provid¬ 
ing  for  the  supervision  of  the  collectors ; 6  clause  4,  the 

xApp.,  34.  2  App.,  34-35. 

sApp.,  35-42.  It  must  be  remembered  that  in  some  counties  the  old 
joint  commissions  were  not  superseded  for  several  years;  cf.  e.  g.,  Mid¬ 
dlesex  which  had  no  separate  commission  for  labourers  until  1  Oct.  of 
the  29th  year.  4App.,  24-25. 

5  In  1351  a  statute  had  entrusted  the  enforcement  of  the  uniformity  of 

weights  and  measures  to  justices  to  be  assigned  by  the  king  in  each 

county  whenever  there  should  be  need;  Statutes ,  25  Edw.  Ill,  st.  5, 
cc.  9  and  10.  Cf.  Pat.,  27,  pt.  3,  m.  10  d,  4  Dec.  (Cal.,  ix,  541).  In 
1353  and  again  in  1355  the  commons  petition,  apparently  in  vain,  that 
justices  of  labourers  shall  have  jurisdiction  over  weights  and  measures 
(Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  252b-253a,  265b);  yet  only  two  years  later  without  any 
statutory  change,  the  regular  form  of  their  commission  includes  this 
jurisdiction;  see  app.,  25-27.  As  a  result  of  a  petition  in  parliament 
(Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  260a)  a  statute  had  also  given  to  justices  of  labourers  the 
power  to  punish  these  who  sold  iron  at  an  excessive  price;  see  app.,  17- 
18.  It  is  not  easy  to  understand  the  necessity  for  such  an  enactment. 

6  All  but  clause  6  re-appear  in  the  form  of  the  commission  of  the  peace 
of  the  period;  cf.  e.  g.,  Pat.,  30,  pt.  1,  m.  20  d,  12  Feb.;  “  De  custodia 
pads.” 


x6  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


general  clause  for  the  enforcement  of  the  legislation,  has 
now  become  the  opening  clause,  and  is  followed  by  the 
clause  for  the  supervision  of  local  officials  (formerly 
clause  5),  and  by  the  clause  on  the  punishment  of  all 
offences  against  both  the  ordinance  and  the  statute  (for¬ 
merly  clause  7).  Usually  the  power  to  hear  and  deter¬ 
mine  unfinished  indictments  is  included  in  this  last.  The 
only  important  modification  is  the  addition  of  the  clause 
concerning  weights  and  measures. 

In  the  case  of  the  counties  palatine  there  is  less  evi¬ 
dence  as  to  the  form  of  the  commissions.1  For  Chester 
the  first  entry  on  the  Recognizance  Rolls  is  a  reference 
to  a  commission  for  Flint,  apparently  dated  30  Sep¬ 
tember,  1 360; 2  but  other  sources  show  that  justices  of 
labourers,  evidently  on  commissions  distinct  from  those 
of  the  peace,  were  acting  in  Chester  in  1352,  1353,  1356, 
1 357»  I35^  and  I359-3  For  Durham,  although  the 
statute  is  punctually  enrolled  on  the  Cursitor’s  Roll,4  I 
have  found  no  record  of  any  commission  issued  between 
that  of  1350,  already  described,  and  one  of  1369. 5  For 
Lancaster,  commissions  for  labourers  entered  on  the 
Chancery  Rolls  were  issued  in  1355, 6  1357 7  and  1359; 8 

1 1  have  examined  the  manuscript  evidence  for  the  commissions  for 
labourers  only. 

‘2“Commissio  Ken  ap  Roppert  ad  inquirendum  de  operatoribus  et 
artificibus,”  30  Sept.,  34th  year;  Recognizance  Roll,  no.  43,  m.  1.  Cf. 
Calendar  in  R.  D.  K.,  xxxvi,  app.  2,  409.  I  have  reason  to  believe 
that  the  date  should  be  a  year  later,  but  the  discussion  of  this  point  does 
not  belong  to  this  monograph. 

3  App.,  145-149. 

4Cursitors’  Records,  30,  rot.  1,  Hatfield,  ann.  6,  m.  6  d;  cf.  Lapsley, 
op.  cit.,  125.  For  calendar,  see  app.,  19-20. 

5  Rytner,  iii,  pt.  2,  863;  Lapsley,  op.  cit.,  179. 

6  App.,  29 -31;  there  is  some  difficulty  as  to  the  date.  7  App.,  27. 

8  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  Chancery  Rolls  of  the  Palatinate,  ii,  no.  38d; 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


I? 


the  first  of  these  differs  slightly  from  the  typical  com¬ 
mission  for  the  rest  of  England,  but  the  last  two  are 
verbally  identical  with  the  form  as  finally  fixed  after  the 
inclusion  of  weights  and  measures. 

On  4  November,  1359,  writs  of  supersedeas  were  issued 
to  all  justices  of  labourers  throughout  England ; 1  never 
again,  except  for  the  palatinates,  was  a  separate  commis¬ 
sion  for  labourers  appointed.  Henceforth  a  study  of  the 
form  of  the  commission  of  the  justices  responsible  for 
enforcing  the  labour  legislation  becomes  a  study  of  the 
form  of  the  commission  of  the  justices  of  the  peace.2 

(2)  Their  relation  to  the  keepers  of  the  peace. — For 
the  time  previous  to  the  statute,  it  has  been  shown  that 
the  data  are  insufficient  to  warrant  authoritative  state¬ 
ments  as  to  the  number  or  the  jurisdiction  of  the  justices 
appointed;3  all  that  can  be  safely  asserted  is  that  the 
period  was  one  of  experiments,  apparently  not  favorable 
to  the  separate  commissions,  since  with  the  enactment 
of  the  statute  the  consolidation  of  the  commissions  of 
the  peace  and  for  labourers  was  universal  throughout 
the  country.4  The  number  of  men  assigned  to  each 
commission  varies  from  five  to  ten,  six,  eight  or  nine 
being  very  usual ;  but  from  the  first  series  of  writs  for 
the  payment  of  wages,  it  appears  that  usually  only  two 
or  three  of  the  justices  appointed  to  a  given  district 
were  receiving  salaries,  their  double  set  of  duties  being 

“  Iusticiarii  assignati  de  operariis  et  mensuris;”  26  April,  gth  year  of  the 
duke.  There  is  also  an  association  on  the  same  roll,  no.  igd,  3  May, 
6th  year.  For  calendar  see  app.,  20. 

1  App.,  31-32. 

2  See  my  article  in  E.  H.  R.,  526-527. 

z  See  preceding  section. 

4  With  the  exception  of  the  palatinates. 


!g  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


specified  in  the  writs.1  It  seems  probable,  however,  that 
some  differentiation  of  the  work  soon  arose ;  in  the  next 
series  of  writs  for  wages,  issued  at  a  date  when  the  joint 
commissions  were  everywhere  in  force,  the  men  on  the 
pay  roll,  comprising  as  before,  only  a  small  proportion 
of  the  whole  commission,  are  now  described  as  assigned 
merely  to  execute  the  statutes  of  labourers.2  The  ex¬ 
planation  of  the  change  may  possibly  be  found  in  the 
application  to  the  subsidy  of  January,  1352,  of  the  money 
penalties  under  the  statutes  of  labourers.  The  full  dis¬ 
cussion  of  this  experiment  in  taxation  is  reserved  for  a 
later  section;3  here  it  is  to  the  point  to  note  that,  since 
the  scheme  necessitated  the  separation  of  the  estreats 
of  the  penalties  under  the  statutes  of  labourers  from 
those  for  the  infringement  of  the  peace,  and  also  put  ad¬ 
ditional  pressure  of  work  on  the  justices  who  were  re¬ 
sponsible  for  the  statutes,  recourse  to  a  division  of 
duties  and  to  separate  sessions  may  easily  have  seemed 
advisable.4  Dissatisfaction  with  existing  conditions  is 

‘Claus.,  25,  m.  16;  12  July:  “  De  vadiis  pro  iusticiariis  assignatis 
soluendis."  Cal.,  ix,  314-317. 

2  App.,  D,  2,  contains  an  example  of  an  original  writ  to  de  Meignill  in 
Derby  and  also  his  receipt  for  payment.  There  are  similar  writs  to 
two  of  his  colleagues  while  the  commission  for  this  county  includes 
eleven  names;  Pat.,  25,  pt.  1,  m.  14  d;  15  March.  Ibid.,  m.  13  d;  15 
July  and  20  July. 

A  full  list  of  such  writs  are  enrolled  Claus.,  26,  m.  16;  1  May:  “  De 
vadiis  soluendis  iusticiariis  ad  inquirendum  de  operariis  assignatis." 
With  a  slightly  different  form  of  writ, — "  Aliter  de  huiusmodi  vadiis 
soluendis" — the  list  is  continued  on  the  same  membrane  under  the  date 
of  20  June.  These  lists  are  summarized  in  Cal.,  ix,  436-437  and  printed 
in  part  in  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  455  a  and  b.  Nearly  all  the  justices  named 
appear  on  the  joint  commissions  of  the  25th  year;  app.,  34.  For  this 
whole  subject,  cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B,  a. 

s  Pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B. 

4  It  is  possible  that  the  estreats  of  penalties  “  coram  Iohanne  de  Bern- 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


19 


recorded  several  times  in  petitions  of  the  commons;1 
but  toward  the  end  of  1352,  with  no  apparent  connec¬ 
tion  with  any  of  these  petitions,2  the  issue  of  separate 
commissions  for  labourers  began  tentatively  and  spas¬ 
modically,  and  continued  with  increasing  regularity. 
The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  districts  for 
which  the  two  series  of  commissions,  of  the  peace  and 
for  labourers,  were  issued  during  the  eight  years  when 
the  system  of  joint  commissions  was  in  abeyance.3 

eye  et  sociis  suis  ad  pacem  in  comitatu  Norff  obseruandam  assignatis,” 
covering  the  years  24-28  Edw.  Ill,  indicate  sessions  of  the  peace  dis¬ 
tinct  from  those  for  labourers.  During  the  first  two  years  mentioned 
de  Berneye  was  serving  on  the  joint  commissions  of  1350  and  1351,  and 
yet  the  estreats  contain  no  reference  to  offences  against  the  statutes  of 
labourers.  For  the  case  of  de  Berneye,  see  next  section  and  pt.  1,  ch. 
ii,  s.  1. 

1  These  petitions  are  analysed  in  the  next  section. 

2  It  is  to  be  noted  that  there  was  not  at  any  time  during  the  decade 
any  statutory  enactment  as  to  the  separation  or  the  consolidation  of  the 
two  commissions. 

3  This  table  is  made  up  on  the  basis  of  the  lists  in  app.,  35-42;  the  last 
two  columns  show  the  frequency  with  which  two  sets  of  commissions 
were  issued  for  a  given  district  on  different  dates  and  often  for  a  given 
district  on  the  same  date. 


20 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


Districts 

Number  of  Commis¬ 
sions  in  each  Series 
issued  for 

Regnal  Year. 

Commissions. 

Counties. 

Towns. 

Liberties,  Wapen¬ 
takes,  Manors, 
etc. 

1 

Total  Number  of 

Districts. 

the  same  Districts 

on  same  day  of 

month. 

the  same  Dis¬ 

tricts, 

/,£  J 

Peace . 

2 

1 

- 

3  \ 

20  < 

Labourers . 

3 

1 

— 

4f 

I 

2 

......... 

13 

1 7 

c 

18  1 

27  i 

Labourers . 

D 

5 

— 

22] 

11 

5 

28 1 

Peace . 

26 

4 

2 

32  \ 

& 

28 1 

Labourers . 

3i 

4 

12 

47  f 

O 

f 

Peace . 

15 

2 

— 

17  \ 

29 1 

Labourers . 

59 

5 

4 

68  f 

5 

12* 

f 

Peace  . 

18 

6 

2 

26  \ 

- 

30  \ 

Labourers . 

11 

12 

19 

42  i 

** 

7 

r 

Pp5PP  ......... 

T  O 

10) 

31  { 

JL  vuv v  *  *  *  4  * 

Labourers . 

41 

2 

— 

43} 

— 

7 

r 

. 

t  n 

TO  1 

32 1 

Labourers . 

9 

2 

I 

— 

5 

Peace . 

44 

— 

— 

44 1 

33 1 

Labourers - - 

9 

1 

— 

10  / 

9 

The  total  number  of  men  appointed  between  1349  and 

1 359  to  enforce  the  statutes  of  labourers  was  671.*  1  While 
“ justices  of  labourers'’  is  commonly  used  in  contem¬ 
porary  documents  to  refer  to  those  members  of  the  joint 
commissions  having  to  do  with  the  labour  legislation,2 

1  Of  course  this  by  no  means  adequately  represents  the  number  of  ap¬ 
pointments;  one  man  may  have  received  as  many  as  ten  or  fifteen  letters 
patent  for  various  counties,  or  on  successive  occasions  for  the  same 
county. 

2 The  phrase  also  occurs  during  the  first  period;  but  by  chance  I  have 
found  it  only  as  applied  to  men  whose  appointment  is  not  recorded  on 
the  Patent  Rolls,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  determine  the  form  of  their 
commissions. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


21 


the  title  belongs,  strictly  speaking,  to  the  members  of 
the  separate  commissions,  and  it  is  their  relation  to  the 
keepers  of  the  peace  that  must  now  be  considered.  Of 
the  total  671,  501  were  serving  on  the  separate  commis¬ 
sions  for  labourers  issued  between  1352  and  1359, 1  many 
of  them  having  been  already  appointed  on  previous  com¬ 
missions.  Now  during  the  period  of  the  double  series 
of  commissions  404  men  were  appointed  as  keepers  of 
the  peace ;  a  comparison  of  their  names  with  those  of 
the  501  justices  of  labourers  for  the  same  period  shows 
that  299  were  identical — that  is  that  about  three-quarters 
of  the  keepers  of  the  peace  were  justices  of  labourers. 
A  further  study  of  names  shows  that  32  of  the  remaining 
list  of  “  keepers  ”  had  previously  been  appointed  to  the 
joint  commissions,  and  that  one  was  serving  as  justice  of 
labourers  in  the  palatinate  of  Lancaster,  so  that  only  72 
of  the  404  are  unaccounted  for.2  An  examination  of  the 
501  justices  of  labourers  reveals  that  of  the  202  names 
not  duplicated  as  keepers  of  the  peace,  80  were  assigned 
to  towns,  liberties,  or  wapentakes  that  often  had  no  com¬ 
mission  of  the  peace  distinct  from  that  of  the  county. 
A  comparison  of  the  two  series  of  commissions  district 
by  district  shows  that  frequently  the  same  men  were  per- 


‘The  remaining  names  (not  included  in  the  501)  are  distributed  as 
follows:  on  the  joint  and  separate  commissions  previous  to  the  statute 
of  1351,  30;  on  the  joint  commissions  from  1351  to  1352,  113;  for  the 
palatinates,  Chester,  2;  Durham,  4,  and  Lancaster,  10;  additional  names 
not  found  on  the  Patent  Rolls,  11.  The  latter,  distributed  throughout 
the  three  periods,  are:  Bealknap,  Brewes,  Burwell,  Cranesle,  Forster, 
Houel,  Lovel  (R.),  Nevill  (R.  de),  Northtoft,  Radeswell  and  Rougham. 
For  the  complete  list  of  justices,  references  to  their  appointments,  etc., 
see  app.,  C,  3.  Both  Lovel  and  Radeswell  had  been  appointed  to  com¬ 
missions  of  the  peace  in  their  respective  counties  as  early  as  1345;  Cal. 
Patent  Rolls,  vii,  30  and  vi,  51 1. 

2  Many  of  them  appear  on  the  commissions  of  the  first  period. 


22  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

forming  the  double  set  of  duties ;  in  several  hundred  out 
of  several  thousand  possible  instances  (roughly  speak¬ 
ing),  at  the  same  date  or  within  a  month  of  the  same 
date,  a  given  man  would  be  appointed  on  both  commis¬ 
sions  for  the  same  district.  Occasionally  the  two  com¬ 
missions  are  practically  identical,  but  since  the  commis¬ 
sion  of  the  peace  usually  includes  from  eight  to  ten, 
while  that  for  labourers  ranges  from  two  to  five  with 
three  or  four  as  the  most  common  number,1  merely  a 
large  proportion  of  the  names  on  one  list  re-appears  on 
the  other.  It  is  noticeable  that  the  more  important  and 
distinguished  names  are  the  ones  omitted  from  the  com¬ 
missions  for  labourers.2  This  tendency  to  make  use  of 
the  same  men  has  been  so  noticeable  from  the  beginning 


!The  greater  number  of  districts,  liberties,  etc.,  that  receive  distinct 
commissions  of  labourers,  while  only  one  commission  of  the  peace  is 
issued  for  the  whole  county,  explains  the  greater  total  number  of  justices 
of  labourers;  cf.  s.  4. 

5  Examples  might  be  multiplied  indefinitely,  but  a  few  will  serve.  In 
Beverley,  each  commission  includes  nine  names,  eight  of  them  being 
identical;  Pat.,  27,  pt.  2,  m.  26  d,  25  Aug.,  and  ibid. ,  m.  25  d,  25  Aug.; 
Cal.,  ix,  508-509.  In  Coventry,  the  commission  of  the  peace  is  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Henry  Grene,  William  de  Skipwith,  Hugh  de  Aston,  John  de 
Meryngton,  Nicholas  Michel,  Walter  Whitwebbe,  Richard  Frebern 
(Pat.,  28,  pt.  1,  m.  21  d,  28  Feb.).  The  commission  for  labourers 
{ibid.,  m.  22  d,  28  Feb.)  is  identical,  except  that  Grene  and  Skipwith 
are  omitted.  Cf.  the  estreats  given  in  app.,  D,  5.  An  excellent  instance 
is  that  of  Notts.  (Pat.,  29,  pt.  1,  m.  28  d  and  m.  29  d,  26  Jan.) .  The  com¬ 
mission  for  labourers  includes  William  Deyncourt,  Geoffrey  de  Staunton, 
John  Lysens,  John  Bozon,  William  de  Wakebrugge  and  John  Power; 
that  of  the  peace  is  identical,  except  that  Grene  and  Skipwith  are  added. 
Apparently,  however,  they  did  not  act,  for  according  to  Mem.  L.  T. 
R.,  30,  Trin.,  Breu.  Ret.,  writs  dated  8  July  are  issued  to  Deyncourt 
“  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  ad  pacem  nostram  et  statuta  apud  Wyntoniam 
et  Norhtamtoniam  edita  in  comitatu  Not’  custodienda  necnon  ad  ex- 
cessus  operariorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  in  eodem  comitatu  pun- 
iendos  assignatis,”  bidding  them  deliver  their  estreats  into  the  ex¬ 
chequer. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


23 


that  the  petition  of  the  commons  in  the  spring  of  1354 
seems  superfluous — que  les  Gardeyns  de  la  Pees  et  les 
Justices  des  Laborers  soient  uns  la.  ou  bonement  poet  estre 
fait.1 

The  precise  reason  why  the  justices  of  labourers  had 
proved  unsatisfactory  it  is  difficult  to  understand  :  Lam- 
bard’s  statement  that  they  were  disliked  is  not  an  ex¬ 
planation.2  After  Michaelmas,  1354,  the  penalties  under 
the  statutes  no  longer  went  to  the  subsidy,3  so  there  was 
not  the  same  need  for  the  separation  of  the  two  sets  of 
estreats;  therefore,  the  cumbersomeness  of  a  system  that 
forced  such  large  numbers  of  men  to  act  in  a  double 
capacity,  making  necessary  two  series  of  quarter  sessions 
etc.,  may  have  become  apparent.  Administrative  diffi¬ 
culties  increased  in  connection  with  the  whole  problem 
of  the  claims  of  the  lords  to  a  share  in  the  penalties 
under  the  statutes  of  labourers.  The  climax  seems  to 
have  been  reached  in  Warwickshire  and  Leicestershire, 
and  is  perhaps  indicated  in  a  petition  to  the  king  in  the 
spring  of  1359  from  the  magnates  of  these  counties:4  to 
their  complaint  of  the  trouble  caused  by  the  necessity  of 
separating  fines  from  “  excess,  ” 5  as  well  as  of  distin- 

1  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  257b-258a.  Possibly  the  petition  had  some  effect,  for 
the  duplication  of  names  is  peculiarly  noticeable  in  the  commissions 
issued  during  the  following  summer.  Reeves,  Hist,  of  Eng.  Law,  ii, 
276,  says:  “The  commission  to  execute  the  statute  of  labourers  was 
usually  directed  to  the  same  persons  who  were  in  the  commission  of  the 
peace,”  a  somewhat  different  statement  from  that  quoted  p.  9,  note  1. 

2 Eirenarcha,  563.  Rpt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A. 

*  Mem.  K.  R.,  33,  Trin.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  8d.  Cf.  also  Mem.  L. 

T.  R.,  33,  Trin.,  Precepta,  rot.  4  and  3,  Warwick  and  Leicester.  A 
peculiarly  large  number  of  claims  to  penalties  are  here  recorded  as  made 
by  the  lords  in  these  two  counties. 

5 For  the  reason  for  this  separation,  see  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  5,  and  ch.  iii, 
s.  2,  B. 


24 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


guishing  between  the  penalties  arising  from  the  sessions 
of  the  peace  and  those  arising  from  the  sessions  for 
labourers,1  the  king  replied  by  bidding  the  barons  of  the 
exchequer  stop  all  proceedings  in  the  matter  until  the 
following  Michaelmas  in  order,  as  he  said,  that  the  whole 
subject  could  be  thoroughly  discussed  and  the  most  suit¬ 
able  remedy  adopted.  The  next  step  of  which  I  have 
knowledge  is  the  writ  of  November,  1359,  suspending 
the  action  of  all  justices  of  labourers.2  Of  the  parliament 
of  1360  no  record  of  enactments  exists;3  and  with  the 
exception  of  proclamations  to  be  made  by  sheriffs,4  the 
statutes  of  labourers  were  apparently  allowed  to  lapse5 
until  the  meeting  early  in  January  of  the  parliament  of 
1361.  In  the  meantime  there  must  have  been  talk  of  the 
re-organization  of  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
the  tendency  proved  to  be  in  favor  of  a  consolidation  of 
county  administration. 

The  statute  of  1361,  usually  regarded  as  marking  the 
culmination  for  this  century  of  the  development  of  the 


1The  estreats  for  Coventry  mentioned  supra, — a  case  where  the  two 
commissions  are  practically  identical — may  have  been  one  factor  in  this 
special  crisis. 

2  See  s.  1  and  app.,  31-32.  The  writ  is  signed  by  the  king’s  son 
Thomas,  Edward  being  out  of  England  from  28  Oct.,  1359,  to  18  May, 
1360.  Longman,  Edward  the  Third ,  ii,  46,  57. 

3  Parry,  Parliaments,  lvi. 

4 Claus.,  33,  m.  5  d;  20  Nov.:  “  De  proclamacione  facienda  de  sti- 
pendiis  operariorum.”  Printed  by  Rymer,  iii,  pt.  i,  459. 

5 The  commissions  of  the  peace  of  this  period  do  not  refer  to  the 
statutes  of  labourers;  cf.  Pat.,  34,  pt.  1,  m.  28  d,  m.  o  d,  m.  6d.  There 
is  some  evidence  that  it  had  not  been  intended  that  either  the  justices 
or  the  statutes  of  labourers  should  be  permanent;  cf.  e.  g.,  the  phrase 
“  tant  come  la  iusticerie  des  laborers  dure”  of  the  statute  of  the  31st 
year,  or  “durante  statuto  et  ordinacione  predictis”  in  a  letter  patent  of 
the  32nd  year;  app.,  A,  2  and  D,  6. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


25 


powers  of  the  justices  of  the  peace,1  gave  to  them  juris¬ 
diction  over  weights  and  measures ; 2  but,  although  con¬ 
taining  some  important  modifications  of  the  existing 
labour  statutes,3  it  does  not  include  the  specific  state¬ 
ment  that  the  justices  of  the  peace  are  henceforth  to  be 
responsible  for  their  enforcement.  In  spite,  however,  of 
the  lack  of  a  definite  enacting  clause,  the  first  commis¬ 
sion  of  the  peace  issued  as  a  result  of  it,  included  the 
power  to  punish  labourers  etc.,  offending  against  this 
new  labour  legislation.4  The  commissions  of  the  peace 
during  the  years  immediately  following  varied  in  form, 
sometimes — but  not  always — including  the  authority  to 
deal  with  the  earlier  labour  statutes  also.5  Finally  after 
two  petitions  in  parliament,6  the  statute  of  1368  settled 
the  matter  definitely  and  brought  all  the  labour  statutes 
permanently  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  justices  of  the 
peace.7  There  is,  however,  an  obstinate  persistence  of 

1  Statutes,  34  Edw.  Ill,  cc.  1,  5,  6,  9,  10  and  11,  1360-1361;  usually- 
cited  as  34  Edw.  Ill,  1360.  The  heading  on  the  Statute  Roll,  m.  10, 
is  “  Statutum  factum  in  parliamento  tento  .  .  .  anno  xxxiiii10;”  but 
since  the  session  lasted  from  24  Jan.  to  18  Feb.  1361  (Parry,  Parlia¬ 
ments,  lvi  and  127)  it  is  only  for  one  day  that  it  can  be  described  as  tak¬ 
ing  place  in  the  thirty-fourth  year.  The  first  commission  issued  after 
this  statute  is  on  the  Patent  Rolls  of  the  thirty-fifth  year,  dated  20 
March  (pt.  2,  m.  33  d.)  and  contains  a  reference  to  the  statute  made 
“in  our  last  parliament.”  The  actions  in  the  De  Banco  Rolls  based 
on  clauses  of  this  same  statute  always  refer  to  it  as  35  Edw.  Ill,  e.  g., 
46,  Trin.,  Camb.,  361,  or  40,  Pasch.,  York,  96  d. 

2Cc.  5  and  6.  3Cc.  9,  10  and  11. 

4  Referred  to  supra,  note  1;  it  is  headed  “  De  pace  conseruanda.” 
Cf.  Lan  ba  d  op.  cit.,  39  and  my  article  in  E.  H.  R.,  526. 

5 See  my  article,  526-527.  6 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  286  b;  296  a. 

7 Statutes ,  42  Edw.  Ill,  c.  6.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  scheme 
had  been  put  into  practice  even  before  the  first  recorded  petition  of  the 
commons.  The  increise  in  the  powers  of  the  justices  of  the  peace 
secured  in  the  early  years  of  Richard  II  did  not  affect  their  relation  to 
the  statutes  of  labourers;  Rot.  Pari.,  iii,  83-85;  Beard,  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  48. 


26  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


the  phrase  “justices  of  labourers,”1 — even  as  late  as  the 
middle  of  the  fifteenth  century — ,  that  seems  unintelligible 
except  on  the  hypothesis  of  a  recurrence  to  the  practice 
of  the  division  of  the  work  of  a  joint  commission;2  pos¬ 
sibly  the  provision  in  Elizabeth’s  labour  law  for  a  special 
salary  for  justices  of  the  peace  while  executing  the  act3 
is  a  survival  of  the  old  differentiation  of  functions. 

(3)  Method  of  appointment  and  removal. — The  rela¬ 
tion  of  the  justices  of  labourers  to  the  keepers  of  the 
peace  made  it  inevitable  that  the  two  sets  of  officials 
should  be  appointed  by  similar  methods.  By  the  middle 
of  the  fourteenth  century,  the  crown,  that  is  the  king 
and  his  permanent  council,  had  made  good  its  authority 
to  assign  the  keepers,  but  subject  to  continual  efforts  on 
the  part  of  parliament  to  assert  its  rights  in  the  matter. 4 
The  struggle  lasted  during  the  rest  of  Edward’s  reign,  in 
regard  to  both  the  justices  of  labourers  and  the  keepers 
of  the  peace,  and  was  not  permanently  settled  in  favour  of 
the  crown  until  late  in  the  next  reign.5  For  the  decade 
under  consideration  three  out  of  the  five  parliaments  of 
which  there  are  printed  records6  contain  petitions  on  the 
subject.  During  the  second  parliament  of  the  25th  year 
there  are  complaints  as  to  the  execution  of  laws  in  gen- 

1  See  my  article,  530. 

2  Especially  is  this  true  in  regard  to  the  petitions  in  the  Good  Parlia¬ 
ment  on  the  labour  legislation;  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  340-341,  “  Bille  des 
Laboriers.” 

3  Statutes,  5  Eliz.,  c.  4,  s.  xxxi. 

4  Beard,  op.  cit.,  42-44.  For  an  account  of  the  occasional  election  of 
the  “  conservatores  pads’’  in  the  county  court  at  an  earlier  date,  see 
ibid.,  23-32. 

5 Ibid.,  42,  note  4,  refers  to  a  petition  of  the  third  year  of  R.  II  as  the 
last  on  the  subject;  but  there  is  even  a  later  one  in  the  fourteenth  year. 
Rot.  Pari.,  iii,  279a  and  b. 

6  See  app.,  8,  for  a  list  of  parliaments  during  the  decade. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


27 


eral,  including  the  labour  legislation,  and  a  request  for 
new  commissions  with  more  comprehensive  powers:  that 
justices  esluz  en  cest  present  Parlement ,  par  avis  des 
Grantz  et  autres  de  la  dite  Commune  ....  soient  as- 
signez .  The  king’s  answer :  il  voet  qe  les  Commissions 
des  Laborers  estoisent  en  lour  forcex  does  not  prevent  a 
repetition  of  the  request :  que  commissions  dez  laborers 
soient  iaites  as  certeignes  gentz  en  chescune  countee,  nomez 
par  les  ditz  communes  en  meisme  le  parlement. %  The 
petition  in  the  autumn  of  1353  that  justices  of  labourers 
and  keepers  of  the  peace  soient  establiz  solonc  la.  disposi¬ 
tion  notre  Seignur  le  Roi  et  son  bon  Conseil  receives 
the  king’s  assent :  II  plest  au  Roi  que  Justices  bons  et 
covenables  soient  esluz 3  and  results  in  a  statute.1 2 *  4  Finally 
there  is  a  more  specific  request  in  the  parliament  in  the 
spring  of  1354: 

que  les  Nouns  des  Justices  des  Laborers  soient  veues  et  ex- 
aminez  par  le  Chaunceller,  et  Tresorer,  et  Justices  de  l’un 
Baunk  ou  de  l’autre,  &  en  presence  des  Chivalers  du  Countee  ; 
et  ceux  qi  sont  covenables  demoergent  pur  tiel  noumbre  come 
busoigne  solonc  le  graundure  du  pais.  Et  en  lieu  de  ceux  qui 
serront  oustez  soient  autres  nomez  par  les  ditz  Chivalers, 
queux  ne  soient  mye  oustez  sanz  especial  commandement 
notre  Seignur  le  Roi,  ou  resonable  cause  tesmoignee  par  lour 
compaignons. 5 

Although  this  petition  is  granted,  a  study  of  the  lists  of 
appointments  and  removals  does  not  indicate  that  the 
commons  exercised  their  right  with  any  regularity. 

1  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  238a  and  b. 

2  Embodied  in  “Statutum  de  Forma, ”  etc.,  app.,  D,  2;  for  an  analysis 

of  this  document,  see  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B,  a. 

*  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  252  b-253a.  4  App.,  17. 

5 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  25^-258^. 


28  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


Except  for  the  30th  and  33rd  years,  parliament  met  every 
year  during  this  decade,  but  sat  for  only  a  few  weeks  at 
a  time.  A  glance  at  the  dates  of  the  appointments  of 
the  justices  of  labourers  shows  that  it  had  not  yet  be¬ 
come  the  custom  to  issue  a  complete  list  annually ; 1  in¬ 
stead,  it  appears  that  for  nearly  every  month  of  the  year 
some  commission  is  issued,  often  for  a  district  that  has 
received  a  previous  one  very  recently,  so  that  many 
counties  have  as  mai^  as  three  commissions  within 
twelve  months.2  In  addition,  it  is  apparent  that  frequent 
associations  are  made, — on  ninety-nine  occasions  during 
the  decade,  including  usually  one  or  two  names,  some¬ 
times  more,  and  thus  making  a  fairly  large  total.3  On 
the  one  hand,  it  is  significant  that  in  several  instances 
full  lists  seem  to  have  been  the  result  of  parliamentary 
action.  For  example,  the  long  list  of  15  March,  1351, 
or  of  2  July,  1 354, 4  may  easily  have  been  discussed  in  the 
sessions  immediately  preceding  those  dates;5  while  the 
list  of  20  December,  1355,  was  also  issued  only  a  few 
weeks  after  parliament  had  sat.6  On  the  other  hand,  the 
equally  complete  list  of  5  February,  1357,  is  dated  several 
months  before  the  session  of  that  vear, 7  at  a  time  when 
no  parliament  had  met  for  over  twelve  months. 

1  See  the  chronological  list  of  appointments  in  app.,  B,  2. 

2  This  same  statement  is  true  of  the  keepers  of  the  peace. 

3 See  app.,  42,  and  B,  3,  passim.  The  practice  of  associations  was 
evidently  regarded  as  an  evil  and  was  forbidden  in  the  next  reign; 
Statutes ,  12  R.  II,  c.  10. 

4  App.,  B,  2,  contains  the  references  to  these  and  to  the  following  lists. 

5The  respective  sessions  had  ended  on  1  March  and  20  May;  the  latter 
had  included  the  petition,  part  of  which  is  quoted  on  p.  27  and  part  on 
p.  50,  and  which  may  conceivably  have  had  some  influence. 

“The  session  had  been  from  12  to  30  Nov. 

7  It  began  on  10  April. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


29 


Positive  evidence  as  to  how  the  lists  are  made  up  ex¬ 
ists  in  a  few  instances  and  although  referring  chiefly  to 
the  “  keepers  ”  may  be  quoted  to  illustrate  the  method. 
I  found  among  Ancient  Indictments  a  list  of  twenty-three 
names,  two  of  which  are  crossed  through,  with  a  note 
asking  the  king  to  grant  commissions  of  the  peace  to  the 
men  named  for  each  wapentake  in  Lancaster;1  letters 
patent  enrolled  2  June,  1350,  appoint  sixty  men  as  keep¬ 
ers  of  the  peace  in  Lancaster  and  include  all  of  the  above 
list  except  the  two  mentioned.2  The  people  of  the 
county  of  Hereford  petition  the  king  and  council  that 
Gilbert  Talebot,  Piers  de  Graunsoun  and  Roger  de 
Chaundos  shall  be  keepers  of  the  peace ; 3  the  joint  com¬ 
mission  of  15  March,  1351,  composed  of  eight  members, 
includes  the  two  last  named  and  Richard  Talbot.  An 
important  action  (to  be  discussed  again)  had  been 
brought  in  the  court  of  king’s  bench  against  de  Roulegh 
and  atte  Wode,  who  had  been  removed  from  the  joint 
commission  in  Surrey;4  in  the  winter  of  1354,  in  the 
course  of  this  process,  there  is  a  complaint  to  the  king 
that  there  are  no  keepers  of  the  peace  or  justices  of 
labourers  in  the  county,  and  an  urgent  request  that 
Richard  de  Birton  and  Henry  de  Loxleye  be  made 
“  keepers.” s  Accordingly,  in  the  following  July,  (there 
had  been  no  full  commission  for  Surrey  since  March, 
1 35 1 , )  two  commissions  are  issued,  one  for  labourers  and 
one  of  the  peace,  both  including  de  Birton. 

1  No.  56.  224,  pt.  1,  m.  3  d;  Cal.,  viii,  533. 

3  Ancient  Petitions,  5741;  the  petition  is  undated. 

4See  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  7. 

5Coram  Rege,  28,  Hill.,  Rex,  Surrey,  35:  “  et  dixerunt  quod  nulli 
custodes  pacis  seu  iusticiarii  ad  inquirendum  fuerunt  in  partibus  illis  et 
domino  regi  supplicauerunt  quod  .  .  .  .”  It  seems  almost  certain  that 
“  de  operariis,  etc,”  has  been  accidentally  omitted  after  “ad  inquiren¬ 
dum.” 


30 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


In  lieu  of  direct  evidence,  much  information  as  to  the 
method  of  appointment  may  be  derived  from  a  study  of 
the  changes  in  the  commissions  ;  in  addition  to  those 
caused  by  death,1  there  are  during  this  decade  thirty 
instances  of  removal  or  discharge  of  individual  justices* 
and  three  of  the  cancelling  of  entire  commissions.3  A 
detailed  analysis  of  the  thirty  cases  gives  the  following 
results  as  to  causation  :  in  six,  no  information ; 4  in  six, 
appointment  to  other  duties ; 5  in  one,  inability  to  attend 
to  the  office;6  in  two,  infirmity  and  old  age;7  in  fifteen, 
merely  qmbusdam  certis  de  causis }  In  the  case  of  two 
of  these  fifteen,  it  appears  that  complaints  of  their  mis¬ 
deeds  brought  before  the  king's  council  by  their  col- 

1  Croft,  Hillary,  Lye,  Staunton  (J.  de),  Styuecle  (J.  de).  On  the 
claim  of  the  abbot  of  Ramsay  to  the  penalties  before  Albert  and  Sty¬ 
uecle,  justices  of  labourers  in  Hunts.,  the  latter  were  summoned  to  the 
exchequer.  Albert  appears  and  states  that  no  penalties  were  levied 
“  per  tempus  contentum  in  brevi;  eo  quod  marescalcia  domini  Regis  per 
totum  tempus  supradictum  in  comitatu  Hunt’  extiterat.  Et  vlterius 
vobis  significo  quod  Johannes  de  Stukele  mortuus  est.”  Mem.  L.  T. 
R.,  33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  2  d.  We  know  that  the  latter  was  dead 
by  Nov.,  1357,  and  yet  by  the  very  end  of  1358  the  news  had  not  reached 
the  exchequer.  For  the  manuscript  references  to  the  above  names  as 
well  as  to  the  other  names  in  this  section,  see  list  of  justices  in  app., 

B,  3. 

3 Adam,  Beauchaump  (W.  de),  Benteleye,  Berneye,  Broun,  Bures 
(A.),  Botetourt,  Chaumont,  Colvill  (J.),  Crouthorn,  Debenham,  Fol- 
vill,  Golafre,  Grey  (J.  de,  of  Rotherfield) ,  Haldenby,  Hubert,  Laundels, 
Luscote,  Michel  (R.),  Munden,  Novo  Mercato,  Pakeman,  Roulegh, 
Surflet,  Sutton  (J.  de,  of  Holderness),  Tyrel  (the  elder),  Ughtred, 
atte  Watere,  atte  Wode  and  Wychingham. 

3  Essex,  Northants.  and  Northumberland;  see  app.,  B,2. 

4  Adam,  Benteleye,  Bures,  Munden,  Sutton  and  atte  Watere. 

5  Botetourt,  Laundels,  Imscote,  Michel,  Novo  Mercato  and  Ughtred. 

6  Broun.  7  Beauchaump  (see  p.  34),  Crouthorn. 

8  Berneye,  Chaumont,  Colvill,  Debenham,  Folvill,  Golafre,  Grey, 
Haldenby,  Hubert,  Pakeman,  Roulegh,  Surflet,  Tyrel,  atte  Wode  and 
Wychingham. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


31 


leagues  had  resulted  first  in  their  removal  and  later  in 
judicial  actions  against  them.1 2  In  six  instances,  the 
reasons  for  a  change  are  brought  coram  consilio  nostro  ;* 
in  one,  corain  nobis  et  consilio  ;3  while  in  seven,  coram 
nobis  or  an  equivalent  phrase  is  used ; 4  in  half  of  the 
cases,  thus,  the  action  of  the  crown  is  clearly  indicated. 
In  ten  instances  out  of  the  thirty,  the  discharge  is  evi¬ 
dently  honorable,  as  in  four  of  these  the  verb  is  exon- 
erandus,5  in  five,  other  important  duties  are  named,6  and 
in  one,  old  age  is  alleged ; 7 8  in  six,  disgrace  is  implied  by 
amouendus\ 8  in  one,  there  is  the  doubtful  phrase,  “he 
cannot  attend  to  the  office  ;  ” 9  in  three,  the  commissions  to 
the  individuals  named  are  revoked ; 10  while  in  the  remain¬ 
ing  ten  the  formula  “appointed  in  the  place  of  another  ” 
gives  no  clue  to  the  motive.  Fourteen  of  the  thirty, 
or  nearly  a  half,  are  re-appointed  during  the  decade 
either  to  the  same  or  to  a  different  district ;  but  only 
three  of  these  fourteen  had  been  described  as  removed ; 11 

1  Roulegh  and  atte  Wode;  see  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  7. 

2  Botetourt,  Golafre,  Grey,  Hubert,  Roulegh,  and  atte  Wode. 

3  Haldenby. 

4 Adam,  Berneye,  Debenham,  Folvill,  Pakeman,  Surflet,  and  Wych- 
ingham. 

5  Beauchaump,  Botetourt,  Golafre  and  Grey. 

6  See  list  in  note  5,  p.  30;  Botetourt  is  named  in  note  5. 

7Crouthorn;  Beauchaump  is  classed  with  the  “  exonerandus '  ’  list  in 
note  5. 

8  Adam,  Folvill,  Hubert,  Pakeman,  Roulegh  and  atte  Wode. 

9  Brown. 

10  Berneye,  Debenham  and  Wychingham.  The  wording  of  the  writ 
implies  that  it  is  the  old  joint  commissions  that  are  being  revoked  ; 
Claus.,  28,  m.  29,  1  Aug.  The  news  did  not  reach  the  exchequer  very 
promptly;  for  on  12  Oct.,  30th  year,  Berneye  has  to  inform  it  of  the 
change.  See  document  quoted  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  1. 

11  Beauchaump,  Benteleye,  Berneye,  Botetourt,  Chaumont,  Deben- 


32 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


one  of  the  three  was  tried  in  the  court  of  king’s  bench 
and  acquitted ; 1  another  was  restored  on  better  evi¬ 
dence  brought  before  the  king’s  council.2  Parliament 
was  meeting  at  the  time  of  this  last  decision,3  but  only 
three  times  did  its  sessions  coincide  with  the  dates  of 
the  instances  of  removal.4  In  the  first  of  the  three  cases 
where  the  entire  commission  was  cancelled,  it  is  because 
another  and  somewhat  different  commission  was  issued  a 
few  months  later;  in  the  second  I  have  no  information  as 
to  cause;5  but  in  regard  to  the  third,  Northumberland, 
there  is  definite  evidence.6  A  writ  of  the  great  seal, 
signed  per  consilium ,  directed  to  the  barons  of  the  ex¬ 
chequer,  informs  them  that  the  letters  patent  to  the 
justices  of  Northumberland  have  been  cancelled  on  ac¬ 
count  of  the  state  of  war  prevailing  in  that  county,  and 
in  its  wording  clearly  implies  that  the  action  of  the  crown 
had  been  taken  as  a  result  of  complaints  to  the  council.7 
The  story  of  the  repeal  of  the  special  commissions8  as 
well  as  of  the  final  repeal  of  all  the  separate  commissions 
for  labourers,9  plainly  indicating  action  of  the  council 

ham,  Folvill  (removed),  Laundels,  Michel,  Munden,  Pakeman  (re¬ 
moved),  Ughtred,  atte  Wode  (removed);  in  the  case  of  Broun,  “Void’' 
is  written  after  the  entry. 

1  Atte  Wode.  2  Pakeman. 

3 The  letter  close  is  dated  6  Feb.,  1352;  the  session  was  from  13  Jan. 
to  11  Feb. 

*  In  the  case  of  Broun,  Haldenby  and  Laundels. 

5  Essex  and  Northants.;  app.,  35,  note  10  and  37,  note  2. 

®App.,  3Q,  note  1. 

7  Mem.  K.  R.,  30,  Trin.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  2  d;  pro  Iohanr.e  de 
Striuelyn  et  aliis:  “propter  discrimina  guerrarum  iminencia  in  partibus 
supradictis.”  Four  years  later  it  was  necessary  for  these  same  justices 
to  petition  the  crown  to  order  the  exchequer  to  stop  process  against 
them  for  their  estreats;  ibid. ,  34,  Pasch.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  5. 

8  See  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  B.  9  See  p.  23-24. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


33 


and  of  the  exchequer,  without  interference  from  parlia¬ 
ment,  does  not  belong*  here ;  but  enough  has  been  said  to 
make  out  a  strong  case  for  the  theory  that  it  is  the 
king’s  council  (including  as  ex-officio  members  both  the 
treasurer  and  the  chancellor)  with  whom  the  actual 
choice  of  names  usually  rests,  and  that  this  body  is  some¬ 
times  guided  in  its  choice  by  the  commons  as  well  as  by 
the  advice  of  the  local  communities.  It  is  worthy  of 
note  that  although  by  the  next  century  the  practice 
began  of  establishing  borough  justices  of  the  peace  by 
charter,1  at  this  earlier  date  there  is  no  difference  in 
method  of  assignment  as  between  the  county  and  the 
borough  justices,  either  of  labourers  or  of  the  peace ; 
except  that  in  Oxford  the  commissions  for  labourers  are 
directed  to  the  chancellor  of  the  university  and  to  the 
mayor  of  the  town,  and  in  London,  to  the  mayor  and 
the  sheriffs.2 

The  striking  irregularity  in  the  dates  of  the  appoint¬ 
ments,  the  frequent  issue  of  a  commission  for  a  district 
that  had  just  received  one,3  the  removal  of  a  man  within 
a  few  weeks  after  he  had  been  appointed,4  and  the  ex¬ 
ceedingly  numerous  associations  to  the  commissions, 

1  Beard,  op.  cit .,  148. 

2P.  10,  note  4  and  app.,  33,  note  1. 

3  In  Worcester  e.  g.,  commissions  were  appointed  successively  on  3 
and  20  Dec.,  1355;  app.,  38-39.  In  the  course  of  exchequer  processes  for 
the  Worcester  estreats,  it  appears  that  the  first  set  of  justices  had  held 
a  session  for  one  day  and  had  then  been  superseded;  Mem.  L.  T.  R., 
32,  Hill.,  Presentaciones,  rot.  3  d.  This  must  be  typical  of  what  fre¬ 
quently  happened. 

KE.g.,  Adam  was  appointed  for  Derby  on  12  July  and  removed  on 
8  Aug.,  1356;  app.,  44.  Botetourt  was  appointed  for  Warwick  and  for 
Worcester  on  20  Sept.,  1351;  on  15  April,  1352,  on  the  ground  of  his 
commission  for  Warwick  (issued  on  20  April) ,  he  was  ‘  ‘  exonerated  ’  ’  from 
service  in  Worcester;  on  2  July,  of  the  same  year,  he  was  re-appointed 
for  Worcester,  and  on  28  Aug.,  again  “exonerated”  from  service  there. 


34 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


caused  a  constant  shifting  in  the  personnel  of  the  com¬ 
missions  to  an  extent  that  must  have  been  embarrassing 
and  inconvenient.  The  failure  of  the  council  in  this  re¬ 
spect  may  easily  have  been  due  to  lack  of  knowledge  of 
local  conditions  and  certainly  explains  the  continuance 
of  the  endeavor  of  the  commons  to  control  the  lists,  an 
endeavor  that  did  not  cease  with  this  reign. 

Closely  connected  with  the  appointment  and  removal 
of  justices  is  the  question  of  the  possibility  of  an  indi¬ 
vidual’s  obtaining  exemption  from  the  necessity  of  ser¬ 
vice  against  his  will.  The  list  of  public  offices  given  at 
this  period  in  the  regular  letters  patent  of  exemption 
does  not  specify  either  justices  of  labourers  or  keepers 
of  the  peace,  although  “  other  bailiff  or  minister  of  the 
king”  may  be  interpreted  to  cover  both.  In  one  in¬ 
stance  a  member  of  a  joint  commission,  William  de  Beau- 
chaump,  had  received  a  letter  patent  exempting  him  from 
serving  against  his  will  in  “  any  office  or  commission  ”  1 — 
a  slightly  different  phrase  from  the  usual  one — and  a  few 
weeks  later,  he  is  “  exonerated  ’ ’  from  the  joint  commission, 
presumably  on  the  ground  of  this  general  exemption.2 
In  four  cases,  however,  justices  of  labourers  who  had  re¬ 
ceived  the  regular  letters  patent  of  exemption  are  shortly 
afterwards  appointed  to  commissions  for  labourers.3  In 
the  next  reign  the  exemptions  in  the  printed  calendars 
mention  specifically  justices  of  labourers  and  of  the  peace,4 
but  I  am  unable  to  say  at  what  date  the  change  occurred. 
It  is  possible  that  so  early  in  the  development  of  the 

!Pat.,  26,  pt.  2,  m.  21,  13  lune;  Cal.,  ix,  297. 

2  App.,  49. 

*Pakeman,  Pat.,  27,  pt.  1,  m.  27,  4  Feb.;  Cal.,  ix,  400.  Aton,  Pat., 
27,  pt.  1,  m.  16,  12  March;  Cal.,  ix,  422.  Frenyngham,  Pat.,  27,  pt.  I, 
m.  10,  16  April;  Halsham,  ibid. ,  13  April;  Cal.,  ix,  429. 

4  See  my  article  in  E.  H.  R.,  530. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


35 


office  of  justice  of  the  peace  and  of  labourers,  it  had  not 
become  apparent  how  onerous  the  service  might  be ;  it 
is  also  to  be  remembered  that  the  salaries  paid  were 
some  compensation.  There  is  still  another  point  to  be 
considered ;  were  all  the  men  named  on  a  given  commis¬ 
sion  forced  to  do  actual  work?  Both  for  the  large  joint 
commissions  as  well  as  for  the  smaller  separate  commis¬ 
sions  for  labourers,  the  writs  for  wages  answer  this 
question  in  the  negative,  payment  being  made  only  to 
those  justices  who  held  the  sessions.1  Evidence  from 
other  sources  confirms  the  truth  of  this  statement.  In 
actions  against  the  justices  brought  by  the  exchequer 
to  secure  the  delivery  of  the  estreats,  it  is  clear  that  a 
given  justice  may  excuse  himself  on  the  plea  of  never 
having  received  his  letter  patent  or  of  not  having  taken 
part  in  the  session,  and  that  he  is  fairly  sure  of  being 
sine  die ,  provided  that  the  exchequer  can  obtain  the 
estreats  from  some  one  of  his  associates.2  On  the  other 
hand,  it  appears  from  a  Northumberland  case  previous  to 
the  one  already  quoted  that  service  was  compulsory, — 
barring  some  valid  excuse  which  must  be  made  good  in 
court.  In  this  instance  the  justices  explained  that  the 
whole  community  had  earnestly  begged  them  not  to  exe¬ 
cute  their  commission,  since  the  enforcement  of  the  statutes 
of  labourers  against  those  rascally  Scots,  the  only  labour¬ 
ers  left  in  the  county,  would  drive  the  latter  in  despera¬ 
tion  to  acts  of  violence  ;  after  some  consultation  on  the 
part  of  the  court  it  is  decided  that  the  excuse  of  the 
justices  be  accepted.3  On  what  principle  it  was  deter¬ 
mined  by  a  given  group  of  men  named  in  a  commission 
who  were  to  act  and  who  not,  I  do  not  know, 4  but  the  fact 

XS.  6.  2See  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A.  3App.,  D,  5. 

4  My  impression  is  that  the  first  named  on  the  list,  “  capitalis  iusti- 
ciarius”  might  have  greater  difficulty  than  his  companions  in  avoiding 
service;  cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  1. 


36  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

that  the  really  obligatory  matter  was  the  delivery  of  the 
estreats  is  only  one  of  the  many  proofs  of  the  over¬ 
whelming  importance  of  the  profits  of  justice;  the  ap¬ 
pointments  may  be  irregular  or  chaotic,  but  there  is  no 
irregularity  or  chaos  in  the  means  adopted  by  the  ex¬ 
chequer  to  compel  service  from  some  members  of  the 
commissions  in  each  county. 

(4)  Territorial  districts  of  tlieir  jurisdiction. — The 
ordinance  was  issued  in  the  form  of  a  letter  close.  The 
copy  enrolled  is  directed  to  the  sheriff  of  Kent,  with  a 
note  to  the  effect  that  similar  writs  had  been  sent  to  all 
sheriffs;1  but  it  has  already  been  shown  that  there  is  no 
authoritative  evidence  as  to  the  number  of  districts  that 
received  commissions  in  pursuance  of  these  writs.2  The 
statute  clearly  applied  throughout  England,  including 
London  and  all  other  cities  and  boroughs,  within  fran¬ 
chises  as  well  as  without;3  but  the  only  direct  reference 
to  the  territorial  limits  of  the  jurisdiction  of  a  given  set 
of  justices  is  the  provision  that  the  justices  were  to  hold 
sessions  in  each  county.4 

An  analysis  of  the  districts  that  at  some  time  during 
the  years  1352-1359  received  commissions  for  labourers 
proves  that  the  actual  practice  was  more  complicated 
than  the  scheme  implied  by  the  statute  for  the  joint  com¬ 
missions.  The  districts  may  be  grouped  as  follows  :s  (1) 

JApp.,  n.  2S.  1. 

3App.,  17.  There  was  considerable  difficulty  as  to  London;  cf.  pt. 
1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A  for  an  account  of  the  matter.  Unwin,  Industrial 
Organization,  158,  claims  that  Elizabeth’s  great  codification  was  the 
first  instance  of  the  application  of  uniform  economic  legislation  to  all 
geographical  as  well  as  to  all  industrial  sections  of  the  community;  but 
cf.  Cunningham,  Growth  of  Eng.  Industry,  ii,  introduction,  for  a 
more  accurate  statement. 

*App.,  16.  5These  lists  are  given  in  app.,  138-141. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


37 


34  geographical  counties;  (2)  7  divisions  of  counties, 
i.  e.  the  three  divisions  of  Lincolnshire  and  Yorkshire 
respectively,  and  the  Isle  of  Wight  as  distinct  from  the 
rest  of  the  county  of  Southampton;  (3)  8  groups  of 
wapentakes  within  Yorkshire,  arranged  in  varying  com¬ 
binations;  (4)  22  towns,  all  but  2  being  boroughs;1  (5) 
24  franchises  in  the  hands  either  of  individuals  or  of  an 
ecclesiastical  order;  (6)  2  counties  palatine;  total,  97 
districts.  Previous  to  1352,  in  addition  to  districts  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  above  list,2  one  separate  commission  for 
labourers  had  been  issued  for  Durham3  and  one  for  Lan¬ 
cashire  before  it  had  become  a  county  palatine;4  also 
joint  commissions  had  been  issued  on  one  occasion  to 
Holland  and  Kesteven  classed  as  a  single  district,5  and  to 
two  towns6  that  did  not  again  receive  any  commissions 
distinct  from  those  of  the  county.  These  few  instances 
belonging  to  the  complicated  and  changing  systems  of 
the  first  and  second  periods  are  not  included  in  the  totals 
under  consideration. 

A  comparison  with  the  districts  receiving  commissions 
of  the  peace  reveals  a  marked  contrast.  The  counties 
show  some  differences;  Southampton  is  never  divided 
and  Yorkshire  almost  never, — the  West  Riding  twice,7 

1  On  the  authority  of  Merewether  and  Stephens,  Hist,  of  Boroughs; 
Newark  and  Southwell  are  the  exceptions.  It  should  be  added  that  two 
of  the  towns  comprised  in  the  Cinque  Ports  group  were  not  made  bor¬ 
oughs  until  a  little  later. 

2  A  glance  at  the  list  in  app.,  33-35,  shows  that  during  the  period  of 
the  joint  commissions  the  total  number  of  districts  was  small  in  com¬ 
parison  with  the  figures  just  given. 

3  See  app.,  27.  4  See  app.,  34.  5  See  app.,  33. 

6  Newcastle-on-Tyne  and  York;  app.,  34. 

7  Pat.,  27,  pt..  1,  m.  25  d,  8  July  (Cal.,  ix,  450);  30,  pt.  1,  m.  20  d,  13 

May. 


og  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

and  a  group  of  wapentakes  once,  obtaining  commissions.1 
Only  14  towns2  and  4  of  the  private  franchises3  appear 
in  this  series,  and  of  the  counties  palatine  only  Lancas¬ 
ter,4  making  at  most  a  total  of  58,  nearly  a  third  less 
than  the  previous  total.  It  appears,  therefore,  that  the 
justices  of  labourers  were  frequently  acting  within  much 
smaller  geographical  limits  than  were  their  confreres  of 
the  peace;  but  it  is  worthy  of  note  that,  for  this  decade 
at  least,  there  is  no  foundation  for  Lambard’s  complaint 
that  before  the  statute  of  1360  commissions  were  made 
to  the  “Wardeins  of  the  peace,  not  alwaies  seuerally 
into  each  shire,  but  sometimes  ioyntly  to  sundry  persons 
ouer  sundrie  shires.’’5 

All  the  joint  commissions  and  most  of  the  separate 
commissions  of  the  peace,  in  cases  where  they  were 
issued  to  towns,  include  a  non-intromittant  clause  as 
against  the  keepers  of  the  peace  of  the  county.6  As  far 
as  I  can  discover,  a  similar  clause  against  the  county  jus- 

*Pat.,  30,  pt.  1,  m.  20  d,  15  Nov.;  liberties  of  Pickering,  Whitby 
and  Scarborough  and  wapentakes  of  Rydale  and  Harfordiyth. 

2 13  identical  with  those  in  the  first  list;  see  app.,  139,  and  Grantham 
in  addition;  Pat.,  30,  pt.  1,  m.  20  d,  10  May. 

3 Pat.,  28,  pt.  1,  m.  21  d,  25  Feb.,  Richmond;  11  March,  Holderness; 
30,  pt.  1,  m.  20  d,  25  Oct.,  liberty  of  abbot  of  Reading  in  Berks.;  8 
Nov.,  towns  of  Cambridge  and  Chesterton. 

‘Calendar,  R.  D.  K.,  xxxii,  app.  i. 

5Lambard,  Eirenarcha ,  20-21:  but  cf.  p.  51. 

8  Cf.  e.  g.,  Pat.,  26,  pt.  2,  m.  20  d,  25  June  {Cal.,  ix,  332);  town  oi 
Beverley.  On  one  occasion  four  out  of  the  eight  keepers  and  justices 
acting  in  Holderness  are  instructed  by  a  supplementary  writ  that  they 
alone  are  to  act  in  the  town  of  Hedon  ;  Claus.,  27,  m.  19;  22  April; 
“  De  non  intromittendo  de  custodia  pacis  infra  villam  de  Hedon'’ 
{Cal.,  ix,  543).  Beard,  op.  cit.,  147,  quotes  Hale  to  the  effect  that  in 
the  Tudor  period  unless  the  charter  of  a  corporation  had  the  exclusion 
clause,  the  county  justices  could  exercise  their  jurisdiction  within  its 
borders,  even  if  it  had  justices  of  its  own. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


39 


tices  of  labourers  does  not  appear  in  any  of  the  separate 
commissions  for  labourers  in  towns,  or  even  within 
private  franchises,  although  occasionally,  in  the  letters 
patent  appointing  justices  of  labourers  for  a  county,  it  is 
specified  that  a  given  town  is  excluded  from  their  juris¬ 
diction.1  Usually,  however,  the  final  clause  in  their 
commissions  ends:  tam  infra  quam  extra  libertates 2 — a 
phrase  that  seems  almost  meaningless  when  one  con¬ 
siders  the  numerous  private  franchises  within  which 
special  justices  were  acting.  The  discussion  of  the 
latter  belongs  to  a  later  section,3  but  it  should  be  em¬ 
phasized  here  that  since  a  given  franchise  frequently  con¬ 
sisted  of  widely  separated  holdings,  these  special  justices 
must  have  cut  into  the  jurisdiction  of  the  county  or  bor¬ 
ough  justices  in  a  strangely  confusing  manner.  I  have 
no  information  as  to  the  extent  to  which  conflicts  actu¬ 
ally  arose,  nor  as  to  the  principle  in  accordance  with 
which  they  were  settled ;  but  in  general  it  is  assumed 
that  a  justice  had  full  jurisdiction  within  the  district  to 
which  he  had  been  appointed,  and  that  his  writs  would 
be  obeyed  only  by  the  sheriff  of  the  county  within  which 
this  district  lay.  There  was,  however,  a  special  provision 
in  the  statute  of  labourers  that  in  case  of  a  fugitive  flee¬ 
ing  from  one  county  to  another,  a  justice  could  issue  a 
writ  to  the  sheriff  of  the  county  to  which  the  delinquent 
had  fled,  bidding  him  send  the  latter  to  the  gaol  of  the 
first  named  county.4 

A  study  of  the  list  of  97  districts  shows  some  over¬ 
lapping,  especially  in  Yorkshire;  this  means  that  at  a 

1  App.,  138,  notes  1,  2  and  3.  2App.,  27. 

3  Cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  B;  and  also  the  response  to  the  petition 
(Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  252  b-253  a)  embodied  in  27  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  3  (app., 
17)  quoted  p.  27. 

4  App.,  17. 


40 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


given  date  this  total  number  of  districts  could  not  receive 
distinct  commissions,  but  it  is  evident  from  the  chrono¬ 
logical  list  of  commissions  that  the  entire  country  was 
mapped  out  into  subdivisions  sufficiently  small  for  efficient 
administration.  Since  the  statute  had  only  provided  for 
the  county  as  a  district,  it  is  possible  that  the  king  and 
council  had  determined  on  the  experiment  of  the  smaller 
districts  in  the  belief  that  the  justices  of  labourers  would 
thus  be  enabled  to  do  their  business  more  thoroughly. 
The  fact,  however,  that  the  majority  of  the  subdivisions 
are  private  franchises,  lends  colour  to  the  theory,  to  be 
discussed  later,1  that  it  was  their  owners  who  hoped  to 
gain  by  this  practice  of  the  appointment  of  special  jus¬ 
tices  within  their  liberties. 

(5)  Their  oath  of  office. — The  statutes  of  this  decade 
do  not  mention  an  oath  of  office,  but  the  first  parlia¬ 
mentary  petition  having  to  do  with  the  justices  appointed 
to  enforce  the  labour  legislation,  presented  in  the  session 
of  January,  1352,  contains  a  reference  to  the  justices  as 
sermentezA  The  petition  as  a  whole  is  refused  and  in  the 
printed  rolls  of  parliament  the  question  of  the  oath  does 
not  again  come  up3  until,  toward  the  very  end  of 
Edward’s  reign,  there  is  recorded  the  request  that  justices 
of  the  peace,  now  justices  of  labourers  also,  soient  scr- 
mejitez  devant  le  Conseil  le  Roi  en  mesme  la  manere  come 
autres  gentz  sontA  There  is,  therefore,  considerable 
doubt  as  to  how  the  oath  of  office  was  administered  dur¬ 
ing  these  early  years,  as  well  as  to  the  exact  form  which 

1  Cf.  supra ,  p.  39.  2 Rot .  Pari.,  ii,  238a  and  b. 

•  3  Unless  the  prayer  that  the  justices  “  soient  artez  par  notre  d it  Seignur 
le  Roi  a  pursuyr  les  Articles  de  lour  Commission  ”  indicates  a  demand 
for  an  oath  of  office;  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  252b.  For  this  same  petition  cf. 
p.  27,  note  3. 

4 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  333a  and  b. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


41 


it  took.  My  search  for  a  copy  of  the  oath  has  been  un¬ 
successful,  but  a  chance  reference  in  one  of  the  sessional 
records  fortunately  affords  a  valuable  clue.  John  de 
Roulegh,  or  de  Rowele,  who  in  1350  was  enforcing  the 
ordinance  in  Surrey,1  whether  on  a  separate  commission 
for  labourers  or  one  that  included  the  peace  also,  it  is 
impossible  to  say,  was  in  March,  1351  appointed  on  the 
joint  commission  for  the  same  county.  In  the  following 
September,  however,  he  was  removed  by  the  king  and 
council,  and  in  January  was  indicted  by  his  former  col¬ 
leagues  of  the  joint  commission  for  offences  committed 
during  his  first  term  of  office : 

Item  presentant  quod  vbi  Iohannes  de  Rowele  nuper  extitit 
iusticiarius  domini  Regis  in  comitatu  Surr’  et  iuratus  ad 
faciendum  ius  tarn  domino  Regi  quam  populo  ipsius  Regis  et 
tarn  pauperibus  quam  diuitibus  et  quod  ipse  hoc  non  dimitteret 
pro  odio,  fauore,  munde,  nec  premissa  neque  iniuriam  alicui 
faceret ;  ibi  dictus  Iohannes  de  Rowele,  nullo  habito  respectu 
ad  suum  iuramentum,  ex  falsitate  et  maliciosa  imaginacione 
sua  et  pro  odio  quod  habuit  versus  Gilbertum/  .  .  . 

The  phrases  here  used  are  strikingly  similar  to  the  cor¬ 
responding  phrases  in  the  regular  oath  of  the  king’s 
justices  as  it  appears  in  the  “  Red  Book  of  the  Ex¬ 
chequer  :  ” 3 

Le  serment  des  Justices  est  que  bien  et  leaument  serviront  le 

1  App.,  248-249,  and  p.  11. 

a  Assize  Rolls,  Surrey,  907,  m.  1  d;  further  extracts  are  given  in  app., 
211-213;  see  also  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  7. 

3  See  Rolls  ed.,  table  of  contents,  lxx.  It  is  printed  in  the  Report  on 
the  Public  Records ,  of  1800,  236:  “  Sacramentum  Justiciariorum.”  In 
an  article  on  the  “King’s  Council”  in  E.  H.  R.  for  Jan.,  1906,  Mr. 
Baldwin  proves  that  this  oath,  used  early  in  the  reign  of  Edw.  Ill,  had 
adopted  important  phrases  of  the  councillor’s  oath  of  1307,  which  in 
turn  goes  back  to  an  earlier  councillor’s  oath  of  1257. 


42 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


Roi  en  Office  de  la  Justicerie  et  dreiture  a  lour  pouer  frount  a 
touz  auxi  bien  as  poures  come  as  riches  et  que  pur  hautesce 
ne  pur  richesce  ne  pur  amour  ne  pur  haour  ne  pur  estat  de 
nuly  persone  ne  pur  bienfait,  doun  ne  promesse  de  nuly.  .  .  . 

Further,  the  earliest  recorded  form  of  the  oath  admin¬ 
istered  to  the  justices  of  the  peace  that  I  have  been  able 
to  discover,  printed  in  the  rolls  of  parliament  for  the 
year  1380/  some  time  after  the  consolidation  of  the  two 
commissions,  reveals  in  its  opening  a  marked  likeness  to 
the  oath  taken  by  de  Roulegh  : 

Vous  jurrez  que  bien  et  loialment  servirez  le  Roi  en  loffice  de 
Gardein  de  la  Paix,  &  de  Justicerie  des  Artificers,  Laborers, 
Pois  et  Mesures,  &  doier  &  terminer  les  tortz  et  grevances 
faitz  au  Roi  &  a  son  people  ....  selonc  voz  sen  et  poair 
ent  ferrez  avoir  plein  droit  as  touz,  si  bien  as  povres  come  as 
riches,  si  que  pur  hayour,  favour,  amistee,  ou  estat  de  nulluy 
persone,  ne  pur  bienfait,  doun,  ou  promesse.1 2  .  .  . 

This  oath  which  was  to  be  administered  by  the  sheriff  then 
continues  with  specific  instructions  as  to  the  preserva¬ 
tion  of  the  estreats  of  the  penalties  and  the  rolls  of  the 
proceedings,  and  also  as  to  the  qualifications  and  the 

1  Rot.  Pari.,  iii,  85.  Lambard  had  evidently  not  seen  this  form;  in 
referring  to  the  clause  of  13  R.  II,  st.  1,  c.  7,  that  justices  of  the  peace 
are  to  be  “sworne  to  keepe,  and  put  in  execution  all  the  Statutes  touch¬ 
ing  their  office,”  he  writes  that  it  is  the  first  oath  that  he  has  found  to 
have  been  administered  to  the  justices  of  the  peace,  although  he  is  con¬ 
vinced  that  they  were  not  “unsworn  before,”  and  that  as  it  was  too 
“  generall,  &  hard  to  be  observed”  it  was  changed  to  the  form  given 
by  Fitzherbert,  almost  identical  with  that  in  use  in  Lambard’s  day. 
Eirenarcha ,  49-50.  The  words  in  Richard’s  statute  are  probably  not 
themselves  the  form  of  the  oath  but  only  a  reference  to  an  oath,  prob¬ 
ably  to  that  of  1380. 

2  Certain  phrases  of  the  councillor’s  oath  given  by  Mr.  Baldwin  also 
appear,  notably  “  conseil  le  Roi  celerez.” 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


43 


duties  of  the  clerk  of  the  justices,  and  as  to  the  oath  to  be 
taken  by  him, — provisions  that  were  probably  added  only 
after  half  a  century  of  administrative  difficulties  had  shown 
the  urgent  need  of  precisely  such  remedies.  The  evi¬ 
dence  just  given,  slight  though  it  is,  certainly  establishes  a 
presumption  in  favor  of  the  theory  that  the  substance  of 
the  oath  by  which  de  Roulegh  was  sworn  was  practically 
the  same  as  that  of  the  justices  of  the  upper  courts,  and 
that  it  was  afterwards  incorporated  into  the  more  elabor¬ 
ate  form  devised  in  the  next  reign  for  the  justices  of  the 
peace.1  The  inference  also  seems  sound  that  the  other 
justices  during  the  years  1349-1359,  whether  of  the 
peace  or  for  labourers,  were  sworn  by  the  same  oath  as 
that  which  de  Roulegh  violated ;  but  in  the  absence 
of  information  for  this  decade,  it  is  impossible  to  say  by 
whom  the  oath  was  administered.2 

xIn  the  Report  on  the  Public  Records ,  of  1800,  223,  among  the  oaths 
of  office  in  the  Chancery  Crown  office,  not  administered  by  the  clerk  of 
the  crown  or  by  his  deputies  there  is  printed  in  English  under  the 
absurd  heading  “Justices  of  the  Office  of  Labourer’s  Weights  and 
Measures,’’  an  oath  really  made  up  of  two  oaths:  1,  of  the  justice  of 
labourers  and  of  weights  and  measures,  2,  of  the  justice  of  the  peace 
and  of  labourers.  The  latter  half  is  practically  identical  with  that  of  the 
justice  of  the  peace  given  on  the  preceding  page  of  the  Report  and  by 
Lambard,  op.  cit.,  50-51,  and  printed  by  Mr.  Beard,  op.  cit.,  171,  and 
plainly  goes  back  to  Fitzherbert’s  form.  In  looking  for  the  original  of 
this  confused  oath  Miss  Martin  reports  that  the  clerk  of  the  crown  in 
Chancery  says  that  they  have  nothing  earlier  than  1700  ;  but  she  has 
discovered  at  the  Record  Office  among  the  Petty  Bag  documents  (Rolls 
of  Oaths,  no.  31,  Various)  what  seems  to  be  the  desired  original  under 
the  title:  “  Sacramentum  Justiciariorum  de  operacionibus  et  mensuris 
et  pads,’’  apparently  in  a  sixteenth  century  handwriting.  From  the 
fact  that  the  justices  of  labourers  are  still  referred  to  specifically,  it  un¬ 
doubtedly  antedates  the  form  given  by  Fitzherbert  but  is  certainly  later 
than  the  form  of  1380. 

2  In  1380  it  was  the  sheriff;  but  in  1389  there  is  a  petition  that  it  shall 
be  the  chancellor  and  council.  For  the  later  practice  see  Beard,  op. 
cit.,  143. 


44 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


(6)  The  amou7it  of  their  salaries. — Both  the  ordinance 
and  the  more  carefully  framed  statute  are  silent  as 
to  the  compensation  of  the  justices,  but  within  a  few 
months  after  the  enactment  of  the  statute,  there  ap¬ 
pears  on  the  Close  Rolls  a  series  of  writs  directed  to 
the  sheriffs,  bidding  them  at  a  fixed  rate  per  day 
pay  wages  to  the  justices  out  of  the  issues  of  the 
latters'  sessions.1  Since  the  payments  are  always  to 
be  made  out  of  the  money  penalties  imposed  as  a  result 
of  proceedings  held  before  the  justices,  through  the 
agency  either  of  the  sheriffs  or  of  the  subsidy  collectors, 
it  is  necessary  to  reserve  the  account  of  the  method  of 
payment  for  the  section  on  the  disposition  of  the  penal¬ 
ties.2  Here  it  must  suffice  to  say  that  owing  to  some 
hitch  in  the  administrative  machinery,  these  first  writs 
were  never  executed,  and  that  the  failure  of  the  justices 
in  these  early  months  of  their  work  to  receive  their 
salaries  explains  the  two  petitions  of  the  commons  in  the 
parliament  of  January,  1352,  the  first  of  which  requests  for 
the  justices  responsible  for  the  statutes  of  labourers, gages 
covenables ,3  and  the  second,  gagez  resonablez ,  chescun 
solonq  son  estate ,4 — in  the  latter  case  to  be  determined  by 
the  committee  of  apportionment  which  will  be  described 
later. 5  At  the  time  of  these  petitions  no  separate  com¬ 
missions  for  labourers  were  in  force,  and  during  the  rest 
of  the  decade  the  printed  parliament  rolls  contain  no 
petitions  as  to  wages.  Strictly  speaking,  therefore,  there 
is  no  parliamentary  reference  to  the  salaries  of  the 

1  For  the  references,  see  p.  18,  note  1;  for  the  fate  of  these  writs,  cf . 
pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B,  a  and  s.  2,  A. 

2  Cf.  ibid. 

3 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  238b;  for  this  petition,  cf.  p.  27. 

4 In  “  Statutum  de  Forma,”  etc.,  D,  2. 

6  See  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B.  a. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


45 


justices  of  labourers  as  distinct  from  those  of  the  keepers 
of  the  peace  until,  in-  1357,  the  confirmation  by  statute  of 
certain  claims  made  by  the  lords  of  franchises  to  the 
penalties  resulting  from  the  labour  legislation  included 
a  provision  that  they  should,  out  of  their  quota  of  these 
penalties,  contribute  a  share  to  the  salaries  of  the  justices 
of  labourers.1  Assuredly,  however,  there  was  no  need  of 
complaints  from  the  commons  or  from  the  justices 
themselves ;  a  study  of  the  whole  subject  of  penalties, 
based  on  chancery  enrollments  and  exchequer  documents, 
shows  that  if  the  sessions  were  duly  held  and  if  any 
penalties  were  levied  at  all,  the  justices  were  fairly  cer¬ 
tain,  during  this  first  decade,  to  receive  their  recom¬ 
pense.2 

During  the  running  of  the  subsidy  of  1352,  when  the 
payment  of  the  justices’  salaries  was  made  through  the 
agency  of  the  collectors  instead  of  the  sheriffs,  there  is 
evidence  that  in  some  cases  the  instructions  of  the  second 
petition  of  1352  were  followed,  and  that  the  rate  was  deter¬ 
mined  by  a  joint  committee  of  the  collectors  and  the 
lawful  men  of  the  county,  the  letters  close  merely  order¬ 
ing  “reasonable  wages;3  but  normally  the  writs  of  the 
great  seal  specify  a  definite  rate  per  day  or  per  year,  to 
be  paid  to  a  given  justice  only  for  those  days  during 

1  See  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  B,  and  app.,  18. 

2  Later,  there  must  have  been  some  diminution  in  the  regularity  of 
payment  to  the  justices  now  acting  on  joint  commissions;  cf.  e.  g.,  Rot. 
Pari.,  ii,  271b:  “  Item  que  covenables  Gages  soient  ordeinez  pur  les  ditz 
Justices,  come  semblera  as  Chanceller  etTresorer  notre  Seignur  le  Roi. 
.  .  .  Le  Roi  commandera  as  Chanceller  et  Tresorer  sur  ce  sa  volente.” 
A  similar  request  is  recorded,  ibid. ,  286b;  and  the  accusation  is  even 
made  that  the  justices  fail  to  do  their  duty  for  lack  of  wages;  ibid. ,  312b, 
333b  and  341b.  In  the  course  of  the  next  reign  the  frequent  petitions 
finally  result  in  a  statutory  provision,  Statutes ,  12  R.  II,  c.  10. 

3See  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B,  a. 


46  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

which  he  had  actually  sat.  Except  for  the  period  of  the 
subsidy,  the  only  information  as  to  how  this  rate  was 
fixed  comes  from  the  date  of  the  re-organization  of  the 
office  of  the  justice  of  the  peace,  just  after  the  merging 
of  the  two  commissions  into  one.;  the  king  apparently 
bids  the  chancellor  and  the  treasurer  settle  the  rate.1 
One  may  hazard  the  guess  that  this  duty  had,  in  the  past 
also,  fallen  mainly  to  these  two  officials. 

A  brief  summary  of  the  normal  rates  is  as  follows:2 

25th  year,  by  the  day :  either  half  a  mark  for  a  justice 
and  his  clerk,  i.  e.  5s.  for  the  justice  and  is.  8d.  for  the 
clerk,  or  5s.  for  the  justice  alone. 

26th  year,  by  the  day:  some  irregularity  occurs  during 
the  running  of  the  subsidy,  since  in  various  instances 
“reasonable  wages”  merely  are  mentioned  in  the  writs. 
When  specified  the  rate  proves  to  be  as  before,  half  a 
mark  for  a  justice  or  the  same  for  a  justice  and  his  clerk ; 
probably  the  clerk  is  assumed  in  the  higher  rate.  5s.  for 
a  justice  alone  is  frequent,  and  occasionally  6s.  or  3s.  4d. 

There  are  no  more  enrollments  of  writs  for  salaries 
until  early  in  1356, 3  the  subsidy  having  ceased  by  the  end 

1  See  p.  45,  note  2. 

3  These  figures  are  taken  from  the  entries  on  the  Close  Rolls,  referred 
to  p.  18,  notes  1  and  2.  It  must  be  remembered  that  a  mark  is  13s.  4d. 

3 1  add  the  references  to  the  Close  Rolls:  30,  m.  13,  “  De  vadiis  sol- 
uendis  iusticiariis  ad  inquirendum  de  operariis  assignatis;”  a  long  list 
dated  variously  from  26  May  to  12  Oct.  Ibid.,  m.  23,  “  Pro  Radulfo  de 
Middelneye,"  10  Feb.  31,  m.  6,  “Pro  Waltero  Paries,  de  vadiis  sol- 
uendis, ”  26  Nov.  Ibid.,  “  De  vadiis  solvendis  iusticiariis  ad  inquirendum 
de  operariis  assignatis;”  a  short  list  dated  12  Nov.  Ibid.,  m.  25,  “  De 
vadiis  iusticiariis  de  operariis  et  seruientibus  soluendis;”  a  long  list 
dated  variously  from  6  Feb.  to  12  Oct.  Ibid.,  “  Pro  Thoma  de  Sloghtre 
et  aliis,”  16  May.  32,  m.  6,  “  De  vadiis  iusticiariis  ad  inquirendum  de 
operariis  soluendis;”  a  short  list  dated  variously  from  20  Oct.  to  26 
Nov.  Ibid.,  m.  23,  “  De  vadiis  iusticiariis  ad  inquirendum  de  seruien¬ 
tibus  assignatis  soluendis;”  a  long  list  dated  variously  from  8  Feb.  to 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


47 


of  1354.  The  rate  is  now  given  by  the  year  instead  of 
by  the  day,  a  practice  that  continues  during  the  remain¬ 
der  of  the  decade.  The  amount  is  usually  £10  a  year  for 
one  justice  and  his  clerk,  and  10  marks  a  year  for  the 
other  justice  or  for  each  of  the  other  two  justices,  occa¬ 
sionally  falling  as  low  as  £5  a  year.  While  at  first  the 
clerk  is  not  always  specified  as  receiving  a  share  of  the 
greater  of  the  two  usual  rates,  he  is  so  rarely  omitted 
from  the  later  lists  that  it  is  a  fair  inference  that  the  £10 
regularly  included  his  wages.  If  the  intention  is  that  all 
the  acting  justices  are  to  be  paid  at  equal  rates,  the 
clerk’s  yearly  salary  will  be  £3  6s.  8d.x 

In  comparing  the  payments  per  day  of  the  earlier 
method  with  these  annual  payments,  it  is  to  be  remem¬ 
bered  that  in  the  latter  case  the  writs  always  stated  that 
the  round  sum  was  due  only  if  the  sessions  had  been 
held  for  forty  days  during  the  year  in  question;  while  in 
the  former  case  forty  days  were  named  as  the  maximum 
for  which  the  daily  rate  was  to  be  computed.  Under 
both  schemes,  if  the  sessions  had  been  for  fewer  days, 
the  salaries  would  be  proportionately  less.  On  this  basis 
it  is  clear  that  normally  the  5s.  rate  per  day  for  a  justice, 
exclusive  of  the  clerk,  would  amount  to  £10  a  year,  a 
considerably  larger  sum  than  the  10  marks  of  the  second 
scheme,  which  averages  only  3s.  4d.  a  day.  The  clerk’s 
total  per  year  under  the  first  scheme  of  is.  8d.  per  day, 

20  Jan.  Ibid.,  “  Pro  Edmundo  de  Clyuedon,”  14  April.  33,  m.  8,  “  De 
vadiis  iusticiariis  soluendis;”  a  short  list  dated  from  11  Nov.  to  2  Dec. 
Ibid.,  m.  35,  “  De  vadiis  soluendis  iusticiariis  de  operariis;  a  long  list 
dated  from  8  Feb.  to  20  Aug.  For  an  example  of  such  a  letter  close, 
cf.  app.,  D,  5. 

Although  in  one  instance  (see  writ  to  Sloghter,  p.  46,  note  3)  it 
is  specified  that  the  clerk  is  to  have  £ 2  and  two  justices  20  marks  be¬ 
tween  them,  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  the  larger  amount  is  more 
usual. 


4g  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

would  at  its  maximum,  equal  £3  6s.  8d.,  exactly  the 
same  amount  as  that  which  he  received  according  to  the 
later  method.1  Occasionally,  it  appears  that  justices 
especially  zealous  in  the  performance  of  their  duties, 
i.  e.  successful  in  an  unusually  large  number  of  convic¬ 
tions,  are  rewarded  by  additional  payments  beyond  the 
amount  of  their  regular  salaries.2  It  is  always  to  be 
emphasized  that  if  the  justices  failed  altogether  in  mak¬ 
ing  any  convictions,  they  would  be  entirely  without  com¬ 
pensation  for  their  labours  ;  a  fact  plainly  of  the  greatest 
possible  efficacy  in  encouraging  a  thorough  enforcement 
of  the  statutes  entrusted  to  their  care. 

*In  the  earliest  enactment  cn  the  subject  (12  R.  II,  c.  10)  the  clerk's 
salary  was  increased  to  2  s.  per  day,  while  the  rate  prescribed  for  the 
justices  (by  this  date  serving  on  joint  commissions)  was  only  4  s.  per 
day,  midway  between  the  two  previous  rates;  and  the  sessions  were 
now  only  expected  to  last  three  days  four  times  a  year.  It  is  worth 
while  to  compare  with  the  amounts  received  by  the  justices  the  rate  of 
payment  to  members  of  parliament  at  this  date;  4  s.  a  day  for  a  knight 
and  2  s.  for  a  citizen  or  burgher.  Stubbs,  Const.  Hist.,  ii,  247. 

2  The  writ  to  Edmund  de  Clyvedon  {supra  p.  47,  note)  had  ordered  £10 
beyond  his  regular  wages  on  account  of  his  great  expenses  and  con¬ 
tinuous  labours,  “  necnon  proficuum  magnum,  quod  nobis  per  dili- 
genciam  et  laborem  suum  fecit.  ”  Likewise,  an  additional  payment  of 
^5  had  been  ordered  by  writ  of  the  great  seal  for  Peverel  and  Halsam 
in  Sussex  because  they  had  shown  “  diligenciam  et  solicitudinem  .  .  .  . 
in  sessionibus  suis  inde  pro  nostro  et  populi  nostri  commodo;  "  Mem. 
K.  R.,  34,  Trin.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  14,  “  Pro  vicecomite  Sussex'.” 
The  sheriff  had  such  difficulty  in  obtaining  his  allowance  from  the  ex¬ 
chequer  for  this  payment  that  he  petitioned  the  crown,  and  nearly  three 
years  later,  a  second  writ  was  issued  by  the  king  and  council  to  the 
barons  ordering  them  to  make  the  proper  allowance.  For  an  account 
of  the  episode,  cf.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  34,  Trin.,  Precepta,  rot.  6  d,  Surr’ 
Sussex.’  (Another  portion  of  the  same  process  is  given  in  app.,  D,  6.) 
As  the  ordinary  writs  for  wages  make  no  provision  for  extra  sessions 
held  according  to  the  statute  (app.,  16)  at  the  “discretion  ”  of  the  jus¬ 
tices,  it  is  possible  that  these  additional  payments  represent  the  reward 
for  such  sessions. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


49 


It  has  already  been  pointed  out  that  only  those  justices 
were  paid  who  actually  sat,  and  that  with  the  system  of 
practical  exemption  for  a  portion  of  each  commission 
from  the  necessity  of  service,  only  two  or  three  (on  rare 
occasions  four  or  five)  received  salaries;1  the  figures 
recorded  in  exchequer  documents  show  that  the  maxi¬ 
mum  was  frequently,  though  not  always,  reached.2  From 
these  two  considerations  it  is  plain  that  there  was  a 
fairly  definite  limit  to  the  total  amount  due  in  wages  out 
of  the  penalties  in  a  given  county. 

Suits  brought  by  the  justices  to  secure  the  payment  of 
their  salaries  3  show  the  importance  with  which  such  pay¬ 
ment  was  regarded,  and  prove  beyond  doubt  that  in  the 
fourteenth  century  the  compensation  was  considered  an 
essential  factor  in  the  organization  of  the  office.4 5 

(7)  The  personnel  of  the  commissions  A — During  this 
decade  the  petitions  of  the  commons  as  to  the  keepers  of 
the  peace  and  the  justices  of  labourers,  either  of  the 
joint  or  separate  commissions,  include  no  requests  for  a 
definite  property  qualification6  but  merely  mention  rather 

1  Cf.  p.  35.  2  See  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A. 

3 In  the  court  of  king’s  bench  and  in  the  exchequer;  see  pt.  1,  ch.  iii, 

s.  1,  B,  b  and  s.  2,  A. 

4  The  later  petitions  already  quoted  complaining  of  the  neglect  of  their 
duties  because  of  the  lack  of  salaries  point  to  the  same  conclusion;  I  am 
inclined,  therefore,  to  disagree  with  Mr.  Beard’s  view  {op.  cit.,  150), 
that  “no  attempt  was  ever  made  to  provide  a  regular  salary  for  the 
justice  of  the  peace.” 

5See  list  of  justices  in  app.,  B,  3.  The  calendars  of  Close  and  Patent 
Rolls  issued  since  my  monograph  was  practically  completed  {cf.  app., 
20-21)  will  render  comparatively  easy  a  really  thorough  study  of  the  per¬ 
sonnel  of  the  justices.  I  can  here  emphasize  only  a  few  important  points. 

6  Neither  the  ordinance  or  the  statute  had  specified  any  qualifications. 
A  statute  of  18  H.  VI,  c.  11  {Statutes),  enacted  that  to  be  eligible  to 
the  peace  commission  a  man  must  have  an  income  of  ^20  per  annum; 
with  the  change  in  the  value  of  money,  this  sum  soon  became  merely 
nominal.  Cf.  Beard,  op.  cit.,  144. 


50 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


vague  and  varying  requirements :  they  are  to  be  les 
Grantz  de  la  terre ,  Contes  et  Barons ,  chescun  en  sa 
Marche ,  od  les  plus  loialx  et  sages  de  la  ley;1  or  des phis 
suffisantz  demorantz  deins  les  Countees  g  the  statute  re¬ 
sulting  from  this  latter  petition  enacts  the  appointment 
of  iustices  sachantz  de  lei ,  qi  soient  bones  et  couenables? 
The  most  specific  demand  is  for  des  phis  loialx ,  sages  & 
sufficeantz  des  Countees ,  .  .  .  et  que  mil  Justice  soit  as- 
signe  par  commission  sil  ne  soit  sufficient  dl estat  et  con¬ 
dition  a  respondre  au  Roi  et  au  poeple.*-  Beyond  the 
negative  criticism  implied  by  such  petitions  there  seems 
to  be  no  evidence  of  any  general  complaint  against  the 
status  of  the  men  assigned  during  these  years.  Closely 
bound  up  with  the  subject  of  the  qualifications  of  the 
justices  is  the  question  of  their  residence  in  the  districts 
to  which  they  are  assigned ;  the  petition  for  men  demo¬ 
rantz  deins  les  Countees ,5  repeated  next  time  with  greater 
emphasis,  et  nient  en  foreins  lieuxf  shows  that  there 
must  have  been  some  abuse  of  the  non-residence  practice. 
An  examination  of  the  appointments  has  already  brought 
out  a  notable  difference  between  the  membership  of  the 

x  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  238a;  cf.  p.  27. 

2 Ibid .,  ii,  252b;  cf.  p.  27.  3App.,  17. 

4 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  257b;  in  this  case  the  request  applies  to  the  keepers 
of  the  peace  also;  cf.  p.  27.  A  writ  of  privy  seal,  addressed  to  the  chan¬ 
cellor  under  date  of  17  Aug.,  1350  is  worth  quoting  although  it  refers  to 
a  keeper  of  the  peace,  not  to  a  justice  of  labourers:  “  Porce  qe  nous 
auons  entenduz  qe  Laurence  de  Ludelowe  qest  assigne  vn  des  gardeins 
de  nostre  pees  en  le  conte  de  Shropshire  nest  pas  sufisant  ne  couenable 
pur  la  garde  de  nostre  dite  pees  et  de  faire  autres  choses  qappartignent 
a  son  office,  vous  mandons  que  remue  le  dit  Laurence  facez  assigner  en 
son  lieu  aucun  autre  homme  sufhsant  del  dit  conte  qi  serra  plus  couen¬ 
able  pur  la  garde  de  la  pees  susdite.”  Writs  of  Privy  Seal,  Chancery, 
Series  I,  file  347,  no.  21,  102. 

5 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  252b;  quoted  supra ,  note  2. 

8 Ibid.,  257b;  quoted  supra ,  note  4. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


51 


joint  as  compared  with  that  of  the  separate  commissions  ; 1 
the  former  include  a  large  proportion  of  men  of  law  and 
of  magnates,  appointed  at  the  same  date,  for  a  great 
number  of  counties;  e.  g.,  John  de  Moubray  and  William 
de  Skipwith  for  nine  counties,  William  de  Shareshull  for 
seven,  and  similarly  in  many  other  cases.2  Lambard’s 
description,  therefore,  of  the  justices  assigned  to  execute 
the  statute  of  labourers  as  “  not  resiant  in  the  countrey, 
but  sent  downe  for  the  time  of  that  seruice  ”  is  well  justi¬ 
fied.3  While  occasionally  the  payment  of  wages  in  a 
given  district  proves  to  be  to  one  of  these  well-known 
men,  e.  g.,  to  Skipwith  in  Lincolnshire,4  showing  that  he 
was  performing  actual  service,  usually  it  is  the  less 
famous  names  that  appear  on  the  salaried  list,  even  in  the 
case  of  the  joint  commissions.  On  the  separate  com¬ 
missions  for  labourers  there  is  a  much  smaller  proportion 
of  distinguished  men  and  very  few  instances  where  the 
same  men  were  appointed  to  a  plurality  of  districts. 
Perhaps  the  petitions  of  the  commons  had  effect ;  at  any 
rate,  on  the  whole,  it  is  fair  to  characterize  the  lists  of 
justices  of  labourers  as  composed  of  residents  of  the  dis¬ 
tricts  for  which  they  were  acting. 

Further,  while  the  joint  commissioners,  having  power 
to  hear  and  determine  cases  of  felony  and  of  homicide, 

1  Cf.  p.  22. 

2  The  list  in  app.,  B,  3,  shows  the  extent  of  this  practice,  an  evil  a  little 
different  in  nature  from  that  of  which  Lambard  had  complained;  cf. 
p.  38. 

3 Eirenarcha,  562;  erroneously  described  as  justices  of  labourers  only. 
Cf.  p.  9,  note  1. 

4 Claus.,  26,  m.  16,  20  June,  in  the  district  of  Lindsey;  Cal.,  ix,  437. 
Ibid.,  Cavendish  in  Essex  and  Suffolk.  The  latter’s  murder  by  the  in¬ 
surgents  has  even  been  attributed  to  his  relation  to  the  statutes  of  labour¬ 
ers;  Trevelyan’s  Wycliffe,  217  and  219. 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


would  naturally  include  men  learned  in  law,1  there  seems 
d  priori  no  such  urgent  need  in  the  case  of  the  justices 
of  labourers ;  but  even  among  the  latter,  there  appear 
the  names  of  twenty-seven  men  who  at  some  time  during 
their  careers,  served  as  judges  in  the  upper  courts,2  and 
merely  a  cursory  study  of  the  list  shows  that  many  of 
these  justices  were  acting  as  justices  of  assize  and  of 
oyer  and  terminer.3 

It  has  been  shown  that  in  boroughs  there  is  some 
tendency  to  employ  existing  officials:4  the  mayors  of 
York  and  of  Nottingham  both  served  on  commissions 
that  included  other  names  as  well ;  in  Oxford  on  four 
occasions,  the  mayor  and  chancellor  are  alone  appointed ; 
while  in  London  the  mayor  and  sheriffs  are  assigned,  in 
the  first  instance  alone,  in  the  second  with  three  others.5 
The  case  of  London  is  distinctly  abnormal,  for  it  had 
been  stated  in  the  parliament  in  the  autumn  of  1355  that 
sheriffs  and  coroners  were  not  to  be  appointed  justices.0 

1  The  statute  of  34  Edw.  Ill,  c.  1,  provided  that  the  commission  of 
the  peace  (now  a  joint  commission)  should  include  “one  lord,  and  with 
him  three  or  four  of  the  most  worthy  in  the  County,  with  some  learned 
in  the  law.” 

-Including  justices  of  the  court  of  king’s  bench  and  of  common  pleas, 
several  barons  of  the  exchequer  and  several  chancellors;  cf.  Foss’  Judges 
of  Englatid. 

3  See  indices  of  the  calendars  of  Patent  and  Close  Rolls. 

4  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  ordinance  had  empowered  the  mayors  and 
bailiffs  of  cities  and  boroughs  to  enforce  some  of  its  provisions;  app.> 
10-11. 

•'  App.,  33  and  note  1,  34,40,42.  For  London  see  in  addition,  pt.  1 , 
ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A. 

6“Ne  que  nul  Viscount,  Coroner,  ne  nul  de  lour  Ministres  desore 
soient  assignez  Justices  en  nulle  commission;  ”  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  265b. 
Later  it  was  necessary  to  repeat  the  prohibiton;  ibid.,  335b.  Beard, 
op.  cit.,  42,  writes  that  the  movement  against  sheriffs  may  have  been 
an  attempt  “to  secure  greater  independence  from  purely  royal  offi- 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


53 


It  is  probable  that  there  had  been  complaints  that  at  the 
present  moment  the  evil  was  peculiarly  pressing.  A 
study  of  the  lists  of  sheriffs  1  shows,  that,  leaving  out  of 
consideration  magnates  like  the  earls  of  Arundell  and  of 
Warwick,  who  held  the  office  for  life  or  for  long  terms, 
and  who  were  also  acting  on  innumerable  commissions, 
there  are  during  this  decade  between  thirty  and  forty 
occasions  when  a  sheriff  or  a  subsheriff  is  actually  serv¬ 
ing  as  justice  of  labourers,  and  that,  at  the  very  time  that 
this  parliament  was  in  session,  five  sheriffs  were  thus 
doing  double  duty.2  Two  days  before  the  end  of  the 
session,  Laundels,  justice  of  labourers  in  Oxfordshire, 
was  made  sheriff  of  Oxfordshire  and  Berkshire ;  his 
prompt  removal3  from  the  commission  of  labourers  may 
have  been  the  result  of  the  parliamentary  agitation  of  the 
question ;  but  the  practice  was  not  checked,  since,  of  the 
cases  referred  to  above,  about  half  occur  after  this  date. 
The  anomaly  of  this  special  combination  of  duties  is  ap¬ 
parent  ;  a  justice  would  issue  writs  to  himself  as  sheriff 
to  summon  jurors  and  attach  delinquents,  and  would  then 
as  sheriff  report  to  himself  as  justice  that  the  writs  had 
been  executed.  A  case  to  the  point  occurs  in  Bucking¬ 
hamshire  ;  Hamden  as  sheriff  is  ordered  by  the  exchequer 
to  levy  from  himself  as  justice  of  labourers  a  sum  due  to 
the  crown.4  A  very  large  proportion  of  men  who  had 

cers;  ”  the  objection  on  practical  grounds  seems  to  me  sufficient  ex¬ 
planation. 

1  No.  ix,  in  Joists  and  Indexes. 

JHarewedon,  justice  in  Northants.  and  sheriff  of  Cambridge  and 
Hunts.;  Laundels  referred  to  in  my  text;  Northo,  justice  in  Sussex  and 
sheriff  of  Surrey  and  Sussex;  Paries,  justice  and  sheriff  in  Northants.; 
Threlkeld,  justice  and  sheriff  in  Cumberland. 

a  Appointed  sheriff  on  28  Nov.  and  removed  from  his  commission  for 
labourers  on  2  Dec. 

*  App.,  D,  3. 


54 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


been  or  were  to  be  sheriffs  were  serving  during  this  de¬ 
cade  as  justices  of  labourers,  often  only  a  short  interval 
elapsing  between  their  two  sets  of  duties.1  In  the  cases 
where  appointment  to  other  duties  is  specified  as  the 
reason  for  the  discharge  of  a  justice  from  service,  the 
following  are  mentioned  :  commission  in  another  county, 
sheriff  twice,  steward,  collector  of  subsidy,  and  “  other 
business  of  the  king.”2 

It  has  already  been  emphasized  that  at  the  time  of  the 
enactment  of  the  statute  the  commissions  included  a 
number  of  magnates  appointed  simultaneously  for  several 
counties;  it  is,  therefore,  not  surprising  to  find  a  clause 
allowing  the  justices  the  privilege  de  deputer  autres  soutz 
eux,  tantz  et  tielx  come  ils  verront  que  mieltz  soit ,  pur 
la  garde  de  meisme  ceste  ordinance?  There  was,  how¬ 
ever,  some  opposition  to  this  system;  a  petition,  in  1353, 
begs  that  keepers  of  the  peace  and  justices  of  labourers 
shall  not  appoint  deputies ; 4  two  years  later  justices  of 
labourers  are  forbidden  to  appoint  deputies.5  The  only 
positive  evidence  for  the  custom  that  has  come  to  my 
notice  is  in  the  case  of  Wiltshire,  where  for  1352  and 
1 355  proceedings  exist  coram  deputatis  iusticia rio ru m , 
although  the  justices  themselves  are  also  acting.6 

The  few  definite  instances  where  it  is  apparent  to  what 
other  offices  justices  of  labourers  were  appointed,  the  fre¬ 
quent  occurrence  of  their  names  on  the  list  of  sheriffs, 
and  also  in  the  indices  of  the  calendars  that  are  thus  far 

lE.  g.t  in  Northants.,  Blundell  had  acted  as  sheriff  up  to  3  March, 

1351,  and  on  15  March  was  appointed  to  the  joint  commission. 

'-See  p.  30,  and  note  5.  3App.,  15. 

4 Rot.  Part.,  ii,  252b.  5 Ibid.,  265b. 

6App.,  C,  1,  nos.  xvi  and  xvii.  In  a  later  Wiltshire  roll,  that  for 

3157,  there  is  no  mention  of  deputies. 


THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 


55 


in  print,  where  they  appear  as  justices  of  oyer  and  ter¬ 
miner,  collectors  of  the  subsidy,1  escheators  etc.,  give  a 
fairly  clear  picture  of  the  general  character  of  the  men 
who  were  doing  the  work  of  enforcing  the  labour  stat¬ 
utes.  Apart  from  a  score  or  more  of  judges,  afterwards 
famous  on  the  bench,  and  from  a  still  smaller  proportion 
of  noblemen,  the  large  majority  of  these  justices  seem  to 
belong  to  that  class  of  landed  gentry  to  whom  at  this 
period  the  business  of  local  administration  of  all  kinds 
was  entrusted,  and  into  whose  hands  the  task  of  the  pre¬ 
servation  of  the  peace  eventually  fell.2 

There  is  no  record  at  this  period  of  any  general  indict¬ 
ment  against  the  honesty  and  straight  dealing  of  the 
justices  of  labourers,  and  further  evidence  will  show  that 
the  actual  instances  of  their  conviction  for  misdoings  are 
not  many.  At  any  rate  it  is  evident  that  the  king’s 
council  and  the  commons  were  at  one  in  their  belief  in 
the  superior  merits  of  local  justices  for  enforcing  the 
labour  legislation,  and  were  shrewd  enough  to  see  that 
as  employers  of  labour  in  the  very  district  in  which  they 
were  acting,  perhaps  even  of  the  very  offenders  sum¬ 
moned  before  them  for  trial,3  the  justices  would  have 
every  incentive  to  show  laudable  zeal  as  to  frequent  ses¬ 
sions  and  numerous  convictions,  and  would  thus  prove 
the  most  efficient  of  administrators. 

This  account  of  the  671  justices  of  labourers  affords 

1 E.  g.,  de  la  Mare  is  acting  as  collector  in  the  same  county  in  which 
he  had  recently  served  on  a  joint  commission;  see  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  29, 
Mich.,  Presentaciones,  rot.  7,  Roteland'. 

2  See  Beard,  op.  cit.,  71. 

3  While  Gilbert  de  Berewyk  was  on  the  commission  for  labourers  in 
Wiltshire,  his  own  servant  was  indicted  in  sessions  for  departure  from 
Berewyk’s  service  and  for  receipt  of  illegal  wages;  Pat.,  27,  pt.  2,  m. 
14,  8  Aug.,  “  De  pardonacione  utlagarie  {Cal.,  ix,  485). 


S6  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

convincing  proof  that  parliament,  king  and  council, 
clearly  intended  that  the  statute  should  be  enforced,  and 
that  they  were  using  every  means  in  their  power  to 
secure  this  end.  The  results  of  their  efforts  must  be 
looked  for  in  the  records  of  the  proceedings  before  the 
justices  and  in  the  amounts  of  the  penalties  imposed. 


CHAPTER  II 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES  OF  LABOURERS 

In  comparison  with  the  completeness  of  the  chancery 
enrollments  having  to  do  with  the  appointments  of  the 
justices,  the  number  of  sessional  records  in  existence  for 
the  decade  is  disappointingly  meagre,1  eighteen  rolls, 
representing  thirteen  counties.  Other  sources,  however, 
abound  in  references  to  similar  rolls  which  cannot  now 
be  found,2  while  exchequer  documents  as  to  the  penal¬ 
ties,3  especially  subsidy  accounts 4  and  entries  of  pay¬ 
ments  of  justices'  wages,5  afford  convincing  proof  that 
the  justices  were  sitting  with  fair  regularity  throughout 
the  country.  The  eighteen  rolls,  therefore,  by  no  means 
give  exhaustive  information  as  to  the  activity  of  the 
justices,  and  even  if  thoroughly  analyzed  will  not  furnish 
complete  statistics  as  to  rates  of  wages  or  of  prices,  or  as 
to  the  number  of  offenders  in  the  various  economic  and 
social  classes  affected  by  the  statutes.  They  may, 
nevertheless,  be  regarded  as  typical  for  the  administra¬ 
tive  methods  of  the  justices,  their  procedure  in  session, 
their  relative  emphasis  on  different  portions  of  the  legis¬ 
lation,  and  the  character  of  their  penalties,  and  contain 
important  if  not  conclusive  evidence  as  to  the  general 
trend  of  rates  and  the  usual  status  of  the  culprits. 

1  By  no  means  meagre  however  in  comparison  with  the  usual  state¬ 
ment  that  none  can  be  found  for  an  earlier  date  than  the  sixteenth 
century. 

2  See  p.  64,  and  app.,  143-144.  3Pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  passim. 

4 Ibid.,  s.  1,  B.  5 Ibid.,  s.  2,  A.  and  pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  6. 

57 


-g  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

The  following  sections  are  based  chiefly  on  data  de¬ 
rived  from  an  examination  of  the  entire  contents  of  these 
eighteen  rolls,  and  more  especially  from  the  extracts 
selected  for  printing,  the  latter  having  been  chosen  with 
a  view  to  illustrate  as  far  as  possible  every  phase  of  the 
work  of  the  justices  in  session.1 

(i)  General  description  of  the  sessions  and  of  the  ses¬ 
sional  records . — With  characteristic  administrative  pre¬ 
cision  the  statute2  had  specified  that  the  justices  were  to 
hold  their  sessions  four  times  a  year,  Lady-Day  (25 
March),  St.  Margaret’s  (20 July),  Michaelmas  (29 Septem¬ 
ber),  and  St.  Nicholas  (6  December),  and  at  any  other 
time  at  their  “discretion.”3  This  earliest  regulation  of 
the  dates  of  what  may  properly  be  called  “quarter  ses¬ 
sions,”  framed  for  the  joint  commission  of  the  peace  and 
for  labourers,4  was  held  to  apply  also  to  the  separate 
commissions  for  labourers,5  and  until  two  years  after  the 
consolidation  of  the  commissions, — and,  therefore,  after 
my  decade, — was  not  modified  by  statute.6  Although 
there  was  no  enactment  as  to  the  length  of  the  sessions, 
the  writs  for  payment  of  the  salaries  of  the  justices  from 
the  very  beginning  assume  forty  days  to  be  the  normal 
amount  per  year,7  but  do  not  suggest  that  this  maximum 
is  compulsory,  or  that  it  needed  to  be  distributed  equally 
among  the  four  sessions.  A  petition  of  1354,  requesting 
that  the  justices  sit  at  least  forty  days  a  year,8  implies 
some  shortcomings  on  their  part,  but  the  complaints  do 

1  App.,  C,  1. 

*The  ordinance  had  not  mentioned  sessions  of  justices. 

sApp.,  16. 

*  Cf.  p.  9,  note  1,  for  reference  to  Lambard’s  error  in  this  matter. 

5 Proved  by  the  dates  of  the  Cornwall  sessions,  app.,  159-160. 

6 Statutes,  36  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  12.  7Pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  6. 

8 Rot.  Part.,  ii,  257b-258a;  cf.  p.  27. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


59 


not  become  urgent  until  a  later  period.1  It  is  evident 
from  the  entries  on  the  Pipe  Rolls  as  to  justices’  wages 
that  the  maximum  of  forty  days  was  fairly  usual, 
although  not  inevitable.2  A  glance  at  the  chronology 
of  the  dates  of  the  recorded  sessions  indicates  wide 
diversity  of  practice  in  the  different  counties,  varying 
from  the  orderliness  of  the  Cornwall  rolls,  seven  sessions 
at  the  statutory  dates,  of  ten  days  each,  to  the  irregu¬ 
larity,  for  example,  of  the  Derby  roll,  where  the  justices 
sat  for  one  or  two  days  in  six  different  months,  with  no 
reference  to  the  prescribed  dates.  The  utter  chaos  for 
Hereford  and  Rutland,  where  the  sequence  of  the  years 
and  of  the  days  of  the  week  is  hopelessly  confused,3 
seems  to  indicate  a  poor  job  on  the  part  of  the  clerk, 
but  the  general  impression  conveyed  by  the  eighteen 
rolls  in  distinction  from  the  Pipe  Roll  entries,  is  that 
the  maximum  of  forty  days  was  rather  rare,  and  that 
the  “  discretion  ”  of  the  justices  as  to  choice  of  dates  was 
freely  exercised. 

With  no  statutory  provisions  as  to  the  place  for  the 
holding  of  sessions,  the  practice  varies  from  county 
to  county;  in  some  instances  the  justices  sit  always  at 
the  chief  town,4  or  at  two  or  three  important  towns;5 
sometimes  they  move  with  regularity  from  place  to 
place ; 6  in  two  cases,  various  sets  of  deputies  hold  in- 

lThe  statute  of  the  36th  year  seems  to  be  due  to  complaints  in  parlia¬ 
ment  of  the  irregularity  in  the  holding  of  sessions;  Rot.  Pari.,  ii, 
271b;  cf.  also  ibid. ,  319b.  The  petitions  continue  during  the  next 
reign,  but  three  days  four  times  a  year  are  finally  decided  as  sufficient. 
See  p.  48,  note  1.  Lambard  complains  that  in  his  time  the  sessions 
of  the  peace  often  did  not  last  over  three  hours  altogether;  Eirenarcha y 
570. 

3  Cf.  p.  45,  and  pt.  I,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A. 

sApp.,  165-166;  186-189;  202-203.  4  App.,  145-149. 

5App.,  165-166.  6 App.,  159-160;  204-210. 


6q  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


quests  in  every  hundred,  and  make  their  reports  to 
the  justices  who  are  conducting  their  sessions  at  the 
chief  town.1  I  have  been  unable  to  discover  where, 
within  the  limits  of  the  town,  the  sessions  were  usually 
held;  in  Essex,  a  iustice  sur  laborers  is  indicting  and 
convicting  labourers  en  le  Chaustel  Daungre ;  it  will  be 
shown  later,  however,  that  there  is  some  doubt  as  to 
the  nature  of  his  commission,  and  in  any  case  his  pro¬ 
ceedings  were  irregular.2 

From  the  rolls  themselves  one  can  not  always  infer 
how  many  or  which  justices  were  acting,  as  the  heading 
is  frequently  coram  .  .  .  (then  follows  one  name)  et  sociis 
sms  ;  but  it  has  been  emphasized  that  the  writs  for  wages 
indicate  that  the  number  of  “ working”  justices  ranges 
from  two  to  five;3  the  form  of  the  commission  implies 
that  a  minimum  of  two  must  be  present,4  and  it  appears 
that  one  of  the  charges  against  a  justice  under  indictment 
is  that  he  sat  alone  in  judgment.5  It  seems  to  have  been 
the  custom  to  speak  of  one  justice  of  each  commission, 
usually  the  first  name  on  the  list,  as  capitalis  iusticiarins  6 
or  principaliter  vominatus  ;  1  but  just  what  additional  re- 

1  App.,  228-229.  *  App.,  266,  and  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  I,  A. 

Cf.  pp.  17-18,  and  notes  1  and  2. 

4  “  Et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  quod  .  .  .  vos  tres  et  duo  vestrum  ...” 
app.,  26. 

'App.,  212.  It  is  strange  that  in  two  instances  in  the  second  series 
of  writs  for  the  26th  year,  Kesteven  and  Holderness,  wages  are  to  be 
paid  to  one  man  only.  See  supra ,  note  3.  Chester  is  a  distinct  ex¬ 
ception;  some  of  the  proceedings  take  place  before  one  justice  only,  and 
the  commission  issued  just  after  my  decade  is  directed  to  one  man  only; 
p.  16,  note  2. 

''Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  29,  Trin.,  Breu.  Ret.,  rot.  2  d;  Henry  de  Percy  is 
thus  described.  Ibid.,  32,  Mich.,  Recorda.  rot.  21,  Derby;  Braylesford 
appears  in  court  under  this  title. 

:  See  Exchequer,  K.  R.,  Accounts,  no/15,  Norfolk;  Berneye  (whose 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


61 


sponsibilities  were  incurred  by  him  I  can  not  say.1  With 
the  two  or  more  justices  who  were  holding  sessions  there 
sat  the  clerc  des  iustices ,  referred  to  in  the  statute  of 
labourers,  without  any  account  of  his  duties.2  He  was 
paid  a  regular  salary,3  presumably  in  return  for  the  labour 
of  writing  the  two  classes  of  sessional  records,  the  placita 
or  accounts  of  the  proceedings,  and  the  “estreats”  or 
memoranda  of  the  resulting  penalties.  The  former  seem 
usually  to  be  made  up  according  to  a  definite  system, 
beginning  with  the  enrollment  of  the  letters  patent  in 
virtue  of  which  the  given  justices  were  acting,  followed 
by  the  usual  writs  to  the  sheriff  for  the  summoning  of 

case  has  been  referred  to,  p.  18,  note  4  and  p.  31,  note  10)  makes  the 
following  explanation  to  a  writ  demanding  his  estreats  as  a  member  of 
a  peace  commission:  “  Et  de  alio  tempore  (.  .  .  illegible)  non  habeo 
quia  commissiones  ante  tempus  infradictum  ad  inquirendum  de  infra 
contentis  non  habui  nec  post  predictum  tempus  intromittere  potui  prop¬ 
ter  breve  domini  Regis  michi  et  Willelmo  de  Wychingham  tunc  socio 
meo  de  premissis  directum  de  vlterius  non  intromittendo,  cuius  breuis 
transcriptum  patet  in  cedula  in  ista  inclusa.  Et  sciendum  quod  post 
illud  tempus  alie  commissiones  de  pace  custodienda  in  comitatu  predicto 
directe  fuerunt  Iohanni  Bardolf  de  Wyrmegeye  et  alia  vice  Iohanni  de 
Norwico,  michi  et  aliis,  sed  recorda  et  extracte  inde  remanent  penes 
ipsos  tamquam  principaliter  in  dictis  commissionibus  nominatos.”  Un¬ 
doubtedly  there  was  no  difference  in  this  matter  as  between  a  keeper  of 
the  peace  and  a  justice  of  labourers.  Cf.  Chaucer  in  Prologue  to  the 
Canterbury  Tales: 

“  A  Frankeleyn  was  in  his  companye 

•  •  •  •  • 

At  sessiouns  ther  was  he  lord  and  sire; 

Full  ofte  tyme  he  was  knight  of  the  shire.” 

Verses  331,  355  and  356. 

xFor  tentative  suggestions,  cf.  p.  35,  note  4  and  p.  64  of  this  section. 

2App.,  16. 

3  Cf.  p.  46.  According  to  an  instance  noted  in  the  Records  of  the 
Borough  of  Leicester ,  ii,  80,  the  mayor  seems  to  have  loaned  to  the 
keepers  of  the  peace  the  services  of  his  own  clerk  and  then  to  have 
claimed  from  them  the  amount  of  the  clerk’s  salary. 


6 2  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


the  jury  of  indictment,  and  then  by  the  presentments  and 
summoning  of  the  indicted  etc.;  1  sometimes  the  amount 
of  the  penalty  is  entered  over  the  name  of  the  convicted,2 
but  normally  the  estreat  roll  is  altogether  separate.  The 
chaotic  condition  of  some  of  the  existing  rolls  looks  as  if 
the  clerk  took  merely  rough  notes  during  the  session, 
and  was  then  responsible  for  getting  the  roll  into  proper 
shape  from  memory;  in  one  case  a  justice  admits  that  he 
has  the  estreats  but  confesses  that  they  are  not  yet  prop¬ 
erly  arraiata?  There  is  plenty  of  evidence  that  the  clerk 
did  not  always  do  his  work  well :  e.  g.,  the  justices  are 
distrained  to  correct  mistakes  in  the  estreats;4  the  es¬ 
treats  are  returned  to  the  justices  because  they  seemed  to 
the  court  of  the  exchequer  esse  insufficientes  et  non  debita 
forma  scriptos  vel  aimaiatos  ,* 5  there  is,  on  at  least  one 
occasion,  a  discrepancy  between  the  date  stated  in  court 
by  the  justices  and  that  written  in  the  estreat  roll  by  the 
clerk;6  on  another  occasion  the  court  questions  whether 
the  estreats  brought  into  the  exchequer  by  the  clerk 
(apparently)  are  in  truth  the  estreats  of  the  justices.7 
The  clerk  was  evidently  used  as  a  messenger,  and 
appears  before  the  barons  to  prove  that  he  had 
delivered  the  estreats  to  the  collectors.8  One  clerk 
is  shown  to  have  had  the  estreats  in  his  posses¬ 
sion  and  to  have  carelessly  lost  them;9  others  are 

*S.  2  of  this  chapter,  and  app.,  173-175.  It  is  not  meant  that  this 
logical  order  is  always  adopted  by  the  clerk. 

1  App.,  181-183. 

;;Mem.  L.  T.  R.,26,  Mich.  Presentaciones,  Dediedato,  Southampton. 

4 Ibid . ,  35,  Mich.,Breu.  Ret.,  rot.  1,  Holland;  a  reference  to  the  clause 
of  Rubeus  Liber,  also  quoted  in  a  case  given  in  app.,  365. 

'Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  32,  Hill.,  Recorda,  rot.  id;  Northants. 

e Ibid.,  33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  16,  Lincoln. 

7  App.,  365.  8  App.,  290. 


9 App.,  285. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


63 

worse  than  careless  and,  in  league  with  corrupt  justices 
to  aid  in  their  extortion,  are  found  substituting  the 
name  of  an  innocent  for  that  of  a  guilty  man.1  It  is  not 
unnatural  that  by  the  next  reign  it  was  deemed  advisable 
to  administer  an  oath  to  the  clerk  as  well  as  to  the  jus¬ 
tices,  especially  as  by  this  date  he  had  become  responsi¬ 
ble  for  the  custody  of  the  records.2 

This  brings  up  a  difficult  problem ;  how  and  where  were 
the  sessional  records  kept?  A  distinction  must  at  once  be 
made  between  th z  placita  and  the  estreats  of  the  penalties ; 
in  examining  the  whole  question  of  the  disposition  of  the 
penalties  it  will  appear  that  there  was  a  carefully  worked- 
out  system  in  accordance  with  which  the  estreats  were 
regularly  delivered  into  the  exchequer.3  Innumerable  pro¬ 
cesses  show  that  eventually  the  estreats  were  received  in 
safety,  and  that  the  action  of  the  exchequer  was  regular 
and  persistent  in  insisting  on  securing  them ;  but  it  also 
appears  that  the  justices  used  exceedingly  haphazard 
methods  in  the  care  of  the  estreats;  apparently  any  one 
of  the  “working”  justices  who  chanced  to  have  them 
penes  se  kept  them  merely  in  his  own  dwelling,4  and 
from  what  has  already  been  said  as  to  the  possibility  of 
practical  exemption  on  the  part  of  some  of  the  commis¬ 
sion,  there  is  no  certainty  as  to  who  the  “working  jus¬ 
tices”  would  prove  to  be.  In  the  case  of  the  placita ,  it 

1  App.,  241-242. 

2  The  oath  of  the  justices  of  the  peace  who  were  now  responsible  for 
the  labour  legislation  includes  the  following:  “  et  que  vous  ne  prendrez 
ne  resceiverez  nul  Clerc  devers  vous  pur  faire  escrire  ou  garder  les 
Recordes  et  Proces  avantdictes,  s’il  ne  soit  primerement  jurez  devant 
vous  de  celer  le  conseil  le  Roi,  &  de  faire  et  perfournir  bien  et  loialment 
de  sa  part  qant  a  son  office  &  degree  apent  en  celle  partie  .  .  .  Rot. 
Pari.,  iii,  85b.  Cf.  pp.  42-43. 

:<See  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  passim. 

4 E.  g.  app.,  283;  cf.  also  “in  partibus  suis;  ”  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B,  b. 


64  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

is  still  more  difficult  to  find  traces  of  the  development  of 
any  rigid  system  for  their  preservation.  That  they  were 
usually  kept  for  a  time  at  least  is  clear  from  the  follow¬ 
ing  considerations  :  records  of  actions  before  the  justices 
of  labourers  are  summoned  to  Westminster  by  writ  of 
certiorari  in  order  that  the  case  may  come  before  the 
king’s  bench,  the  council  or  the  chancellor;1  the  ex¬ 
chequer  for  some  special  reason  often  orders  the  justices 
to  deliver  into  its  custody  their  records,  rolls  and  pro¬ 
cesses  ; 2  in  the  case  of  certain  difficulties  as  to  the  divis¬ 
ion  of  the  penalties  the  treasurer  and  the  barons  bid  the 
justices  examine  their  records  and  discuss  the  point  in 
question  fully  among  themselves ; 3  on  one  occasion  the 
king  has  heard  that  a  certain  one  of  three  justices  had 
the  placita  in  his  possession  and  therefore  to  him  and  to 
him  alone  is  directed  the  writ  ordering  him  to  examine 
the  records.4  There  is  also  some  indication  that  the 
capitalis  iusticiarius  was  more  directly  responsible  for 
the  custody  of  both  estreats  and  placita  than  were  his 
colleagues.5 

An  investigation  of  the  eighteen  existing  rolls  show 
that  in  fourteen  cases  their  survival  can  be  explained 
by  special  causes ; 6  either  the  roll  in  question  was 
wanted  for  a  particular  purpose  by  the  exchequer, 

1  See  s.  7;  also  app.,  C,  2. 

1  Cf.  writs  in  app.,  C,  i;  note  3  infra  contains  one  instance  out  of 
many  of  a  reference  to  the  existence  of  a  roll  which  I  have  not  been 
able  to  discover. 

aMem.  L.  T.  R.,  35,  Mich.,  Breu.  Ret.,  rot.  27,  Berks.:  “nos  igitur 
inde  per  vos  cerciorari  volentes  vobis  mandamus  si  pluries  quod  visis 
rotulis  placitorum  inde  penes  vos  residentibus,  discussoque  plenius  inter 
vos  .  .  .  .” 

*  App.,  211. 

5  Cf.  p.  60,  note  7,  supra. 


*  App.,  144. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


65 

chancery  or  court  of  king’s  bench,1  or  by  some  accident 
its  membranes  had  been  united  to  the  membranes  of 
some  other  roll  of  placita  that  normally  belonged  in 
Westminster;2  in  one  instance  the  placita  and  the 
estreats  of  penalties  were  combined.3  Since  it  is  only  in 
the  case  of  four  rolls  that  there  is  no  obvious  explana¬ 
tion  of  their  preservation,  the  conclusion  is  warranted 
that  the  writs  summoning  them  to  Westminster  have 
been  lost,  and  that  there  is  at  this  date  no  provision  for 
the  delivery  of  such  records  as  a  matter  of  ordinary 
routine  into  the  custody  of  any  one  department  of  the 
central  government4  or  even  for  their  permanent  safe¬ 
guarding  in  the  hands  of  the  local  officials.5  Unless  a 
given  roll  were  wanted  within  a  few  years,  it  probably 
would  never  be  wanted ;  it  is  therefore  easy  to  see  that 
there  would  be  no  motive  for  keeping  it  indefinitely. 
One  cannot  but  rejoice  at  the  fortunate  chance  that  led 
to  the  survival  of  these  eighteen  rolls  to  serve  as  a  basis 
for  a  description  of  what  went  on  day  by  day  before  the 
justices  and  their  clerk. 

(2)  Procedure  in  sessions. — While  the  ordinance  had 

‘The  writs  are  either  attached  to  the  rolls  or  in  some  cases  enrolled 
elsewhere,  e.  g.,  on  the  Memoranda  Rolls;  see  app.,  173,  231-232. 

2  App.,  C,  1;  nos.  I,  II,  III,  VII,  XI  and  XVII. 

‘'App.,  C,  1,  no.  XIII;  cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A,  as  to  the  London 
records. 

‘Although  by  1336  it  had  been  enacted  ( Statutes ,  9  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1, 
c.  5)  that  justices  of  assize,  of  gaol  delivery,  and  of  oyer  and  terminer 
should  send  all  their  records  and  processes  into  the  exchequer  each  year. 

3  By  the  next  reign  the  oath  of  the  justices  quoted  previously  has  the 
following  clause:  “  &  touz  les  Recordz  et  Proces  que  serront  faitz  devant 
vous  ferrez  mettre  en  bone  &  seure  garde.”  Rot.  Pari.,  iii,  85b.  The 
oath  continues  as  on  p.  63,  note  2,  supra,  putting  the  responsibility  on  the 
clerk.  In  spite  of  this  provision  there  are  several  instances  where  dur¬ 
ing  the  peasants’  revolt  sessional  records  were  destroyed  by  the  insur¬ 
gents;  see  Rot.  Pari.,  iii,  275a,  and  Reville,  Soullvement ,  38. 


66  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


said  nothing  as  to  the  procedure  of  the  justices,  the 
statute  had  been  specific :  the  justices  are  empowered 
to  swear  in  local  officials,  seneschals,  bailiffs,  and  con¬ 
stables,  to  enforce  the  legislation  and  to  make  reports  at 
quarter  sessions;  they  are  also  empowered  to  hear  and 
determine  all  offences  against  the  statutes  brought  to 
their  attention  by  the  suits  of  plaintiffs  and  by  present¬ 
ments  of  juries,  and,  if  necessary,  to  have  recourse  to  the 
process  of  exigend  after  the  issue  of  the  first  writ  of 
capias'  The  last  clause  in  their  commissions  informs 
them  that  the  sheriff  has  been  instructed  to  summon 
suitable  juries  at  a  time  and  place  to  be  named  by  them.2 
Accordingly,  the  first  step  taken  by  the  justices  in  virtue 
of  the  receipt  of  their  letters  patent,3  is  the  issue  of  a 
writ  to  the  sheriff,4  bidding  him  summon  to  a  definite 
place,  at  an  assigned  date,  a  specific  number — normally 
twenty-four  or  twenty  5 — of  honest  and  lawful  men,  usu- 

'App.,  15.  In  this  section,  except  when  otherwise  specified,  the 
references  are  to  pages  of  the  appendix. 

2  27. 

H  Unfortunately  I  have  been  unable  to  discover  on  what  principle  an 
agreement  was  reached  as  to  who  of  the  commission  were  to  do  the 
actual  work  (cf.  pt.  i,  p.  35),  nor  do  I  know  who  administered  the  oath  of 
office  to  the  justices,  (cf.  pt.  1,  p.  43),  or  how  the  letters  patent  were  de¬ 
livered  to  them.  Many  instances  occur  where  the  justices’  excuse  for 
not  acting  has  been  the  failure  to  receive  the  letters  patent,  an  excuse 
which  seems  always  to  have  been  accepted  without  further  inquiry;  cf. 
e.  g.,  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A,  and  app.,  28 2.  In  one  of  the  commissions  the 
sheriff  is  ordered  to  read  aloud  the  letters  patent  in  the  presence  of  the 
justices;  and  on  one  occasion  it  appears  that  the  justices  had  themselves 
read  their  commissions  to  a  full  county  court.;  app.,  28,  and  367. 

'It  has  already  been  said  that  it  was  the  clerk’s  custom  to  enroll  at 
the  beginning  of  his  record  a  copy  of  the  letter  patent  and  also  the  en¬ 
suing  writ  to  the  sheriff;  cf.  s.  1,  p.  61,  and  app.,  161. 

5 173,  181.  Less  often  18,  or  12;  184,  note  1,  204-205.  “Knights  ’’ 
are  sometimes  specified;  199,  in  one  case  the  reeve  and  four  men  from 
each  “  villa;  ’’  161. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


67 

ally  from  each  hundred,1  who  are  to  do  whatever  shall 
be  enjoined  upon  them  to  do ;  constables  and  sub-con¬ 
stables  are  frequently  included  in  this  summons.2  Next, 
at  the  appointed  day  and  place,  in  the  presence  of  the 
justices,  the  sheriff  replies  that  he  has  executed  the  writ, 
and  that  the  jurors  are  present ; 3  then  either  the  whole 
number,  or  in  some  cases  twelve,  are  sworn  by  the  jus¬ 
tices4  and  charged  to  inquire  into  all  cases  of  infringe¬ 
ment  of  the  law,  while  the  constables  are  charged  to  per¬ 
form  the  duties  assigned  to  them  by  the  statute.5 *  For 
both  a  day  is  named  on  which  they  are  to  make  their 
presentments  and  render  their  reports,  or  suffer  a  penalty 
for  neglect.0 

The  actual  work  of  the  session  may  be  said  to  begin 
when  the  constables  and  the  juries  of  indictment  from 
each  district7  make  their  presentments  under  oath;  usu¬ 
ally  to  the  effect  that  such  and  such  individuals,  perhaps 
a  long  list,  are  guilty  of  specific  offences  against  the  stat¬ 
utes.  It  sometimes  happens  in  the  case  of  such  indict¬ 
ments,  most  frequently  perhaps  in  those  brought  by  the 

1  Other  districts  are  wapentake,  161;  burg,  204;  city,  173;  “villa,” 
161;  “villata,”  181. 

2 173;  221. 

3  He  is  sometimes  forced  to  distrain  the  jurors  to  appear;  221-222. 

4 199,  and  222. 

5 222.  In  Cornwall  the  “decenna”  and  the  “  decennarii  ”  have  the 
brunt  of  the  task  of  making  presentments;  150-151. 

c  In  one  instance  where  the  jurors  fail  to  report  on  the  day  assigned 
they  are  told  that  the  penalty  of  40  s.  will  be  inflicted  if  there  should  be 
any  further  delay;  222-223. 

7  If  the  justices  are  holding  their  sessions  in  various  places  within  the 
county  during  the  same  year,  in  each  place  the  presentments  are  made 
from  the  neighboring  hundreds  or  towns  only;  cf.  e.  g.t  181.  In  two 
of  the  Wiltshire  rolls  there  is  a  double  set  of  proceedings,  i.  e.  before 
deputies  and  before  justices;  228-229. 


68  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

constables,  that  no  further  process  is  recorded,  but  that 
finis  or  finem  fecit  is  entered  over  each  name  in  the  list.1 
Probably  the  lack  of  further  details  is  due  merely  to  in¬ 
adequate  notes  on  the  part  of  the  clerk;  it  seems  pos¬ 
sible,  however,  that  the  early  procedure  of  the  old  local 
courts  was  still  in  use,  and  that  the  presentments  instead 
of  being  traversable  are  treated  as  conclusive  proof  of 
guilt.2  By  far  the  more  usual  method  is  the  one  now  to 
be  described.  Occasionally,  without  further  measures  on 
the  part  of  the  justices,  the  indicted  appear  of  their  own 
accord ; 3  but  normally  the  justices  issue  a  writ  of  al- 
tachies  to  the  sheriff,  ordering  him  to  produce  the  in¬ 
dicted  on  a  given  day.4  The  sheriff  then  reports,  often 
according  to  the  return  of  the  bailiff  of  a  hundred  or  of 
a  liberty,5  that  the  individuals  mentioned  in  the  list  given 
to  him  are  attached  by  pledges,  or  that  they  have  noth¬ 
ing  by  which  they  can  be  attached.6  In  the  first  case  the 
indicted  when  summoned  are  to  appear  in  the  charge  of 
the  sheriff,  and  their  examination  can  begin ; 7  if  they  do 
not  appear  when  summoned,  their  pledges  are  in  mercy,8 
and  the  justices  issue  a  writ  of  capias  to  the  sheriff,  re¬ 
turnable  at  a  later  day,  ordering  him  to  produce  both 
this  latter  set  of  indicted,  as  well  as  those  before  men¬ 
tioned  who  had  no  property  by  which  they  could  be 


1 145-148;  198;  223. 

7  Cf.  Pollock  and  Maitland,  Hist.  Eng.  Law ,  ii,  652-653.  There  are 
equally  clear  cases  where  a  constable’s  presentment  is  treated  as  an  in¬ 
dictment;  201. 

3 182. 


4 152;  sometimes  the  writ  is  a  “  venire  facias,”  and  in  connection  with 
offences  against  the  weights’  and  measures’  legislation  a  writ  of  “dis¬ 
tringas  ”  is  usual. 

5 153,  and  175. 


*153;  175- 


8 158. 


7 152;  162. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


69 

attached.1  The  sheriff  now  reports  that  the  individuals 
named  are  either  taken  and  in  his  custody,  or  are  not  to 
be  found  in  his  bailiwick.  In  this  second  case  the  jus¬ 
tices  direct  the  sheriff  to  employ  the  ordinary  process  of 
exigend  in  the  county  court;2  if  at  any  time  before  the 
outlawry  period3  the  delinquent  should  surrender  to  the 
justices  and  finem  fecerit ,  he  can  obtain  from  them  a  writ 
of  supersedeas,  ordering  the  sheriff  to  stop  proceedings 
against  him ; 4  if  his  outlawry  has  been  proclaimed,  he 
can  on  his  surrender  obtain  pardon  only  from  the  king.5 

Returning  to  the  point  in  the  proceedings  at  which 
the  indicted,  either  attached  or  taken,  are  ready  to  be  ex¬ 
amined  by  the  justices,  in  the  presence,  apparently,  of  a 
fairly  large  number  of  officials  and  jurors,  it  appears  that 
very  often  they  confess  their  guilt  and  declare  themselves 
in  the  mercy  of  the  king  ; 6  still  more  frequently,  however, 
they  plead  not  guilty  and  ask  for  a  jury  trial.7  Occa¬ 
sionally  at  this  stage,  further  cross-examination  elicits  a 
confession  of  guilt,8  but  usually  the  trial  takes  place. 
The  justices  issue  to  the  sheriff  a  writ  of  summons  for 
this  second  jury,  plainly  to  be  distinguished  from  the 
jury  of  indictment  already  described;9  xii  liberos  et 
leg  ales  homines  de  visneto  .  .  .  et  qui  prediUos  .  .  . 

1 153;  175.  2 153-154;  176. 

’Three,  four  or  five  exactions  according  to  the  method  of  counting; 
Pollock  and  Maitland,  op.  cit .,  ii,  581. 

4 1 80;  235-238. 

"'The  Patent  Rolls  contain  many  examples  of  such  pardons;  cf.  239. 

6 175.  7 152;  183.  8 175. 

3 The  Cornwall  Roll  affords  clear  instances  of  the  distinction  between 
the  two  types  of  juries;  152-154.  In  one  instance  the  trial  jury  failed 
to  appear,  and  it  was  shown  that  the  bailiff  of  the  liberty  to  whom  the 
writ  of  summons  had  been  sent  by  the  sheriff  had  failed  to  execute  it; 
therefore  the  sheriff  has  to  use  process  of  distraint  to  secure  the  presence 
of  the  jurors;  178-179. 


70 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


nulla  aifinitate  attingant  ad  faciendum  recognicionem 
illamf  They  are  chosen,  proven  and  sworn  and  charged 
to  give  their  verdict,  at  a  time  appointed  for  them.2 

I  noted  one  instance  where  a  trial  jury  after  the  per¬ 
formance  of  its  duties  is  then  charged  to  make  inquiries 
as  to  offences  against  the  statute,  i.  e.  to  act  as  a  jury  of 
presentment  and  to  make  its  report  at  a  given  time ; 3 
but  in  general  there  is,  in  these  rolls,  a  sharp  line  drawn 
between  the  two  forms  of  juries.4 

In  addition  to  the  method  of  presentments,  there  are 
far  less  frequent  examples  of  suits  brought  by  individual 
plaintiffs  against  defendants  who  had  infringed  various 
clauses  of  the  statutes ; 5  the  form  of  such  actions  as  are 
recorded  on  these  particular  rolls  follows  closely  the  form 
of  similar  actions  in  the  central  courts ;  in  those  that 
have  come  to  my  notice  issue  is  taken  on  a  question  of 
fact  and  a  trial  jury  summoned. 

There  are,  rather  to  my  surprise,  some  instances  where 
the  accused  are  acquitted  by  the  jury,  but  it  must  be  con¬ 
fessed  that  such  instances  are  comparatively  few  ; 6  if  they 

1 176-177.  2  T54,  and  179. 

3  “Ad  inquirendum  ....  et  ad  reddendum  veredictum  suum  ;  ” 
177.  Cf.  Pollock  and  Maitland,  op.  cii.,  ii,  645:  “We  are  right  in  say¬ 
ing  ‘verdicts.'  The  answers  to  the  articles  are  often  called  veredicta .” 

4  The  indicting  jury  had  in  the  past  acted  as  trial  jury  but  at  just  this 
date  a  statute  put  a  check  to  the  practice  in  felony  and  trespass  (25 
Edw.  Ill,  st.,  5,  c.  3,  Statutes).  “A  great  deal  yet  remained  to  be  done 
before  that  process  of  indictment  by  a  ‘  grand  jury  ’  and  trial  by  a 
‘petty  jury  ’  with  which  we  are  all  familiar  would  have  been  established. 
The  details  of  this  process  will  never  be  known  until  large  piles  of  re¬ 
cords  have  been  systematically  perused.  This  task  we  must  leave  for  the 
historian  of  the  fourteenth  century.”  Pollock  and  Maitland,  op.  cii.,  ii, 
649. 

5 156-157;  185-186. 

6 152;  154.  One  is  reminded  of  Wyclif,  234,  Of  Servants  and  Lords: 
“  lordis  wolen  not  mekely  here  a  pore  mannus  cause  &  helpe  hym  in 
his  right,  but  suffre  sisouris  of  countre  to  distroie  hem  but  rathere 
wytholden  pore  men  here  hire.”  Quoted  by  Trevelyan,  Wycliffe ,  217. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES  7i 

are  convicted,  the  last  stage  in  the  whole  process  is 
reached,  namely,  the  imposition  of  the  penally  ;  but  before 
taking  up  that  question  it  is  more  convenient  to  discover 
on  what  clauses  of  the  ordinance  and  statute  the  indict¬ 
ments  are  usually  based,  and  to  what  social  and  economic 
classes  the  delinquents  belong. 


(3)  Clauses  of  the  ordinance  and  statute  most  fre¬ 
quently  enforced .r — Weak  as  is  the  ordinance  in  arrang¬ 
ing  efficient  means  by  which  its  provisions  are  to  be  en¬ 
forced,  the  provisions  themselves  stand  out  lucidly.2 

1.  All  able-bodied  men  and  women,  free  and  bond, 
without  definite  means  of  support,  are  commanded  to 
accept  service  if  offered  them  at  the  rate  of  wages  of  the 
twentieth  year  of  the  reign,  or  of  five  or  six  years  previ¬ 
ous  to  that  year ;  lords  are  to  have  the  first  right  to  the 
labour  of  their  tenants.  This  may  be  called  the  com¬ 
pulsory  service  clause. 

2.  Reapers,  mowers,  and  other  workmen  or  servants 
are  forbidden  to  leave  their  masters  within  the  term  of 
their  contracts,  without  reasonable  cause  or  permission  ; 
other  masters  are  forbidden  to  retain  servants  who  have 
left  within  the  term.  This  may  be  called  the  contract 
clause. 

3.  No  one  shall  give  or  receive  higher  wages  than  are 

1  The  main  responsibility  for  the  regulation  of  wages  of  chaplains  is 
in  the  hands  of  the  ecclesiastical  authorities  and  is  not  dealt  with  in 
this  monograph;  cf.  app.,  3  and  11-12.  Although  a  few  instances  of 
offences  as  to  illegal  weights  and  measures  have  been  printed  in  the 
extracts  selected  for  the  appendix,  this  whole  subject  is  scarcely  touched 
on. 

sApp.,  8-12.  The  editors  of  the  Cat.  of  Close  Rolls,  ix,  translate 
“  seruiens”  by  “  serjeant”  both  in  the  ordinance  (87)  and  in  the  writs 
for  payment  of  wages  to  the  justices  of  labourers  (436-437). 


72 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


customary;  this  wages  clause  applies  first  to  agricultural 
labourers  and  servants,  and  second,  to  artisans.1 

4.  Reasonable  prices  are  to  be  charged  for  all  victuals. 

5.  Alms  to  the  able-bodied  are  prohibited. 

The  endeavor  of  the  framers  of  the  statute  to  be 
specific  and  to  provide  for  all  possible  contingencies 
results  in  a  rather  confused  medley  of  provisions,  includ¬ 
ing  details  of  administrative  method,  out  of  which  it  is 
not  easy  to  distinguish  the  essentials.  Leaving  aside  the 
question  of  penalties  and  of  their  disposition,2  as  well  as 
the  instructions  to  the  justices  for  their  sessions  and 
their  mode  of  procedure,3  the  remaining  clauses  fall  into 
two  main  groups,  namely,  provisions  to  be  observed  by 
the  labouring  classes  and  duties  to  be  performed  by 
existing  local  officials  and  by  the  justices  in  supervision 
of  these  officials.  In  the  first  group,  concrete  details 
are  added  to  the  corresponding  provisions  of  the  ordin¬ 
ance.4 

1.  Agricultural  labourers  are  described  by  their  occu¬ 
pations  and  their  maximum  legal  wages  specified ;  their 
contract  of  service  is  to  be  by  the  year  or  other  usual 
term  and  never  by  the  day ;  their  service  in  summer  must 
be  in  the  same  place  as  in  winter,  with  exceptions  for 
labourers  of  certain  districts  in  harvest  time ;  they  must 
all  take  an  oath  before  local  officials  that  they  will  obey 
these  articles. 

2.  Three  sets  of  artisans  are  referred  to;  for  the  first 

1  To  the  first  by  the  context  and  to  the  second  by  a  supplementary 
clause;  in  the  latter  case  “givers’’  are  not  mentioned.  App.,  10. 
Unless  otherwise  specified  the  remaining  references  in  this  section  are 
to  pages  of  the  appendix. 

2 The  nature  of  the  penalties  belongs  under  s.  5  of  this  chapter  and 
their  disposition  under  ch.  iii. 

•’Already  treated  in  s.  1  and  s.  2. 


4 13-15. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


73 


set  specific  wages  are  prescribed,  and  for  the  second, 
the  rates  of  the  twentieth  year,  both  as  to  wages  for  their 
labour  and  as  to  prices  for  their  products ;  the  third  set 
of  artisans,  and  all  other  workmen,  artisans  and  labourers, 
and  all  other  servants  not  specified  are  to  take  an  oath 
before  the  justices  that  they  will  obey  these  articles ;  a 
still  later  clause  describing  the  powers  of  the  justices 
mentions  workmen,  labourers  and  all  other  servants,  and 
also  hostelers,  innkeepers  and  sellers  of  victuals  and  of 
other  commodities  not  specified. 

In  the  second  group  it  is  stated  that  lords,  seneschals, 
bailiffs  and  constables  are  to  impose  on  agricultural 
labourers  twice  a  year  the  oaths  of  good  behavior  re¬ 
ferred  to,  and  to  punish  delinquents  by  stocks;  the  last 
three  sets  of  officials  are  themselves  to  be  sworn  before 
the  justices  to  investigate  all  cases  of  disobedience  to  the 
statute  and  to  report  the  same  at  quarter  sessions,  and 
are  liable  to  punishment  by  the  justices  for  neglect  of 
their  duties.1 

An  examination  of  the  existing  rolls  shows  that  occa¬ 
sionally  the  phraseology  of  the  indictment  is  ambiguous : 
“he  infringed  against  the  statute”  “or  he  was  convicted 
in  a  plea  of  trespass,”2 *  but  more  often  the  accusation  is 
specific.  A  few  examples  must  be  cited  under  the  var¬ 
ious  clauses  of  the  law. 

Compulsory  service  clause?  A  smith  will  not  work  for 
his  neighbors  but  prefers  the  service  of  others  at  a  higher 
than  the  legal  rate;4  several  men  are  vagabonds  by  night 

1 13-15.  2 145  and  158. 

3  For  the  attitude  of  the  upper  courts  toward  this  clause,  cf.  pt.  ii,  ch. 

ii,  s.  4. 

4 165. 


74 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


and  refuse  to  work;1  a  labourer  refuses  to  work  except 
at  double  the  legal  rate;2  a  number  of  men  hold  only 
small  portions  of  land  and  yet  refuse  to  work.3 

Contract  clause A  A  ploughman  departs  within  the 
term  agreed  upon;5  after  making  a  contract,  a  woman 
refuses  to  enter  the  service  of  her  employer;6  at  the  com¬ 
mand  of  the  justices  a  woman  is  delivered  to  her  master 
that  she  may  serve  out  her  term;7  an  employer  eloigns 
the  servant  of  another  by  the  offer  of  higher  wages ; 8  a 
servant  departs  within  the  term  agreed  upon  without 
reasonable  cause.9 

A  combination  of  these  two  clauses  with  the  clause 
prohibiting  departure  in  summer  from  the  abode  of  win¬ 
ter  results  in  a  type  of  case  that  reminds  one  of  the  later 
law  of  parochial  settlement.  A  number  of  labourers  de¬ 
part  a  patria  in  the  autumn ; 10  one  labourer  departs  him¬ 
self  a  patria  and  persuades  others  to  depart; 11  a  carpenter 
enters  service  extra  feodum  contrary  to  the  ordinance;12 
a  servant  departs  from  her  town  in  the  autumn  for  a 
larger  salary;13  a  number  of  women  go  to  another  town 
in  the  autumn  although  suitable  service  is  offered  them 
in  their  native  place;14  a  labourer  goes  out  of  the  county, 
leaving  his  service  before  the  end  of  his  term.15 

Clause  as  to  service  by  usual  terms.  A  ploughman  re- 

'194.  2 171  • 

*224.  Cf.  petition  quoted  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  4. 

4  For  the  attitude  of  the  upper  courts  toward  this  clause,  cf.  pt.  ii,  ch. 
ii,  s.  5. 

5  185-186;  an  especially  good  example  of  an  action  brought  at  the  suit 
of  a  plaintiff. 

6 IQ2.  72I4.  8 I96.  9 223. 

10  I46-I47.  11  M7.  ,J2I4.  15  226.  14  I98. 

15 Printed  Wiltshire  Roll,  14. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


75 


fuses  to  serve  except  by  day ; 1  a  labourer  will  not  serve 
by  term  but  only  by  day.2 

Wages  clause.  A  mower  receives  I2d.  in  excess,  con¬ 
trary  to  the  form  of  the  statute,  a  carpenter  similarly 
4od. ; 3  a  long  list  of  artisans,  their  occupations  specified, 
receive  wages  higher  than  the  rates  previous  to  the 
plague  or  higher  than  those  of  the  twentieth  and  twenty- 
first  years ; 4  household  servants  are  also  guilty  of  re¬ 
ceiving  excess  wages ; 5  employers  are  occasionally  in¬ 
dicted  ;  thus  a  reeve  hires  reapers  in  a  public  place  at  an 
illegal  rate,6  a  mistress  gives  excess  wages  to  her  spin¬ 
ning  women,  and  a  rector  overpays  his  household  ser¬ 
vants.7 

Price  clause.  Artisans  are  frequently  indicted  for  tak¬ 
ing  excess  prices  for  their  products  as  well  as  excess 
wages ; 8  victuallers  of  all  kinds  are  taking  illegal  prices, 


1 196. 

*224.  The  petition  quoted  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  4,  includes  a  complaint  that 
labourers  wish  to  serve  by  the  day  only.  A  passage  in  Gower’s  Vox 
Clamantis  written  soon  after  the  great  revolt  is  so  applicable  that  it 
belongs  here  ( Complete  Works,  iv). 

Lib.  quintus;  cap.  ix. 

“  Sunt  etenim  tardi,  sunt  rari,  sunt  et  auari. 

Ex  minimo  quod  agunt  praemia  plura  petunt: 

Nunc  venit  hie  usus,  petit  en  plus  rusticus  vnus. 

Tempore  preterito  quam  peciere  duo; 


3 163. 

*227. 


cap.  x. 

Hii  sunt  qui  cuiquam  nolunt  seruire  per  annum, 
Hos  vix  si  solo  mense  tenebit  homo; 

Set  conventiciis  tales  conduco  dietis, 

Nunc  hie,  nunc  alibi,  nunc  michi  nuneque  tibi. 
Horum  de  mille  vix  est  operarius  ille 
Qui  tibi  vult  pacto  fidus  inesse  suo.” 


4 182;  174. 
7  227. 


o 

* 


5  216. 


jfr  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

as  are  also  producers  of  many  commodities  not  specified 
by  the  statute. 1 * 

It  is  to  be  observed  that  the  statute  had  provided  that 
the  justices  should  exercise  their  discretion  in  fixing  the 
winter  wages  of  certain  artisans.3  I  find  two  noteworthy 
instances  where  they  exercise  similar  powers,  not  com¬ 
ing  under  this  clause.  In  one  case  they  establish  the 
rate  of  the  yearly  wages  of  a  carter ; 3  and  in  another, 
they  are  ordered  by  a  writ  of  the  king  and  council  to  bny 
up  all  the  linen  cloth  in  their  district, — pro  certo  pi  ecio 
per  vos  ordinato  inde  soluendo  colore  commissionis  nostre , 
— and  to  deliver  it  to  the  clerk  of  the  wardrobe  or  ap¬ 
pear  in  person  before  the  council  to  explain  why  they 
had  not  obeyed  the  writ.4 

In  turning  to  the  remaining  offences  noted  in  the  ses¬ 
sional  records,  the  following  are  important.  The  oaths 
taken  by  labourers  to  observe  the  law  are  frequently 
mentioned  :  men  who  have  been  sworn  in  the  presence 
of  the  justices,  break  their  oaths;5  one  man,  on  being 
summoned  into  court  and  ordered  to  swear,  refuses  to 
do  so.6  The  constables  report  long  lists  of  labourers  who 
are  rebellious  and  refuse  to  take  oaths  of  obedience  to 
the  statutes  ; 7  their  reports  vary  between  two  extremes  ; 
all  the  labourers  in  their  district  are  obeying  the  law,  or 
all  are  guilty  of  infringements^  In  the  matter  of  the 
supervision  of  the  local  officials,  the  justices  are  kept 

1  233-234;  see  especially  the  printed  Wiltshire  roll  passim. 

8 14.  3 200. 

4  Claus.,  31,  m.  7,  22  Oct.;  “  De  panno  lineo  clerico  magne  garderobe 
Regis  liberando.’"  The  writ  is  directed:  “Willelmo  de  Surflet  et 

Laurencio  de  Leek  iusticiariis  suis  ad  ordinacionem  et  statutum  de 
operariis,  seruientibus  et  artificibus  in  partibus  de  Holand  de  comitatu 
Lincoln’  c.ustodienda  assignatis.” 

5 170;  171;  199.  8 156. 


7  223-224 . 


h202;  201. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


77 


busy ;  the  constables  are  very  often  in  mercy  for  not 
having  their  presentments  ready,  and  are  often  them¬ 
selves  under  indictment  for  concealing  their  knowledge 
of  guilty  labourers,  while  the  tithingmen  are  frequentfy 
punished  for  their  failure  to  provide  stocks.1 

From  this  brief  catalogue,  it  is  noteworthy  that  except 
for  the  prohibition  of  almsgiving  to  the  able-bodied,  the 
justices  were  taking  cognizance  of  every  clause  of  both 
ordinance  and  statute ;  and  it  is  probable  that  just  at  this 
crisis  employers  were  not  very  likely  to  be  guilty  of 
almsgiving.  The  impression  conveyed  by  the  variety  of 
offences  will,  however,  be  entirely  erroneous  unless  it  is 
pointed  out,  with  all  the  emphasis  possible,  that  the  num¬ 
ber  of  labourers  presented  for  the  receipt  of  excess  wages 
and  of  excess  prices  is  far  greater  than  the  total  of  all 
the  other  offenders  taken  altogether ;  in  the  case  of  the 
latter,  in  each  instance,  one  or  two  individuals  are  indicted 
at  a  given  time ;  while  in  the  case  of  the  former,  the  list 
of  names  included  in  a  specific  indictment  sometimes 
runs  as  high  as  twenty  or  thirty ;  in  fact,  one  of  the 
clearest  and  most  voluminous  rolls,  that  for  Somerset, 
contains  no  example  of  any  other  offence  than  that  of  the 
receipt  of  “  excess.”  Undoubtedly,  therefore,  the  main 
work  of  the  justices  of  labourers  must  be  considered  to 
be  their  endeavor  to  keep  down  the  level  of  wages  and 
prices  to  the  rates  prevailing  before  the  plague.2 

(4)  Economic  and  social  status  of  the  delinquents . — 
Were  it  not  for  the  phrase  liberos  used  sometimes  of  the 

1 i 50-1 52. 

2  In  the  choice  of  my  extracts  for  the  appendix  I  was  guided  by  a  de¬ 
sire  to  show  examples  of  all  types  of  offences  of  which  the  justices  were 
taking  cognizance;  the  complete  rolls  convey  an  impression  of  a  far 
greater  proportion  of  offences  against  the  wages  and  price  clauses  than 
do  the  selections  here  printed. 


78  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

men  eligible  for  jury  duty,1  there  would  be  in  these 
eighteen  rolls  scarcely  a  shred  of  evidence  to  show  that 
the  question  of  freedom  versus  villeinage  was  at  this  date 
a  living  issue;2  since,  however,  in  the  proceedings  before 
the  justices  of  labourers  summoned  into  a  higher  court, 
the  point  of  the  case  depends  precisely  on  the  fact  of 
villeinage,3  the  silence  of  these  particular  sessional  records 
indicates  not  that  there  were  no  villeins  among  the  de¬ 
linquents, — there  must  have  been  many,  especially  among 
the  agricultural  labourers, — but  that,  as  far  as  the  actions 
in  quarter  sessions  went,  the  effect  of  the  legislation  on 
free  and  unfree  was  identical,  and  that  for  this  reason  no 
distinction  between  the  two  categories  had  to  be  made 
by  the  justices. 

Leaving  aside  for  a  moment  the  question  of  wages  and 
prices,  the  sessional  records  show  the  justices  enforcing 
the  remaining  clauses  of  the  enactments  chiefly  against 
agricultural  laborers  and  somewhat  less  frequently  against 
artisans  and  household  servants,  but  in  all  cases  as  far  as 
my  observation  has  gone  against  members  of  what  are 
technically  known  as  the  labouring  classes,  with  no  vis¬ 
ible  attempt  to  extend  the  application  of  the  contract 
clause  to  other  than  manual  labourers.4  It  has,  how¬ 
ever,  been  already  emphasized  that  the  justices  were 
mainly  occupied  with  the  task  of  keeping  down  wages 

1  Cf.  p.  69. 

1  Unless  perhaps  “  extra  feodum  domini  ”  (app.,  214)  and  the  frequent 
departure  “  a  patria  ”  (app.,  147)  refer  to  the  relation  between  villeins 
and  their  lords;  cf.  also  p.  81,  note  2,  for  the  meaning  of  “  netrix.” 

'  Cf.  s.  7  of  this  section  and  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  6.  It  will  be  shown  later 
that  actions  in  the  upper  courts  do  involve  the  issue  of  villeinage  ;  un¬ 
doubtedly  the  justices  of  labourers  would  have  found  it  difficult  to  deal 
with  the  complicated  questions  of  law  raised  by  such  cases. 

4  This  limitation  to  manual  labourers  must  be  kept  in  mind  in  com¬ 
parison  with  what  proves  to  be  the  attitude  of  the  upper  courts. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


79 


and  prices ;  it  is  therefore  the  offenders  against  these  two 
clauses  who  must  be  most  carefully  studied.  The  “  givers  ” 
cannot  always  be  readily  identified,  but  fortunately  there 
are  several  cases  where  they  are  referred  to  specifically  ; 
e.  g.,  a  master  of  a  house,1  a  bailiff  in  search  of  agri¬ 
cultural  hands,  a  reeve,2  and  employers  of  various  classes 
of  artisans,  spinners,  tailors,  tanners  etc.,  who  need  serv¬ 
ants  in  their  crafts.3  It  is  with  regard  to  the  “takers” 
that  these  rolls  furnish  the  most  complete  information  ; 
the  evidence  given  in  a  preceding  section  on  the  clauses 
of  the  legislation  enforced  by  the  ;ustices  included  suffi¬ 
cient  examples  to  prove  that  the  takers  of  excess  wages 
and  prices  fall  into  the  economic  groups  indicated  by  the 
ordinance  and  statute,  and  although  my  data  are  not 
enough  for  a  statistical  study,  it  seems  desirable  on  the 
basis  of  my  extracts  from  the  sessional  records,4  of  the 
printed  roll  for  Wiltshire5  and  also  of  my  extracts  from 
the  schedules  of  accounts  of  penalties,6  and  of  the  printed 
account  roll  for  London,7  to  present  the  following  lists, 
incomplete  though  they  are,  in  order  to  give  a  definite 
idea  of  the  variety  of  crafts  and  occupations  represented 
by  the  delinquents.8  An  asterisk  indicates  those  that  are 
specifically  mentioned  in  either  or  both  of  the  enact¬ 
ments.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  ambiguous  term 
seruiens  is  very  frequent,  with  no  clue  as  to  the  nature 

1  App.,  227.  2App.,  226-227.  *App.,  155.  4  App.,  C,  1. 

5  Cf.  app.,  228,  for  an  account  of  this  roll.  0  App.,  332-334;  380. 

7  For  this  roll  cf.  p.  85,  note  1. 

8 Further  lists  are  given  in  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  4  in  order  to  show  the 
status  of  the  offenders  in  the  upper  courts;  moreover,  the  extracts  in  the 
appendix  from  Ancient  Indictments  furnish  additional  instances,  in 
some  cases,  of  crafts  not  represented  in  quarter  sessions.  It  must  be 
left  for  some  future  investigator  to  compile  on  the  basis  of  all  these 
sources  really  exhaustive  statistics. 


8o  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


of  the  occupation,  so  that  a  large  number  of  the  offenders 
cannot  be  classified. 

1.  Household  servants.  Seruiens  is  sometimes  ren¬ 
dered  explicit  by  context;  occasionally  fainulus  and 
famula  occur. 

2.  Agricultural  labotirers.  Common  workmen  and 
workmen  are  probably  to  be  classed  here,  both  men  and 
women;  also  labourers  and  daily  labourers;  X  carter, 
driver,  X  harvester,  X  hoer,  %  mower  (a  great  variety  of 
terms  used  to  describe  the  nature  of  the  task),  oxherd, 
t  ploughman,  X  reaper,  X  reaper  of  corn,  X  shepherd, 
t  swineherd,  tasker,  thatcher,  J  thresher  (a  great  variety 
indicated),  wood-drawer.  Women  as  well  as  men  among 
most  of  these. 

3.  Artisans. 

a.  Building  trades.  X  Carpenter,  coverer  of  houses, 

dauber,  lather,  J  maker  of  walls,  X  mason, 
paver,  X  plasterer,  sawyer,  stonelayer,  J  tiler. 

b.  Clothing  trade.  Carder,  X  cobbler,  collar-maker, 

comber,  J  cordwainer,  X  currier  of  leather, 
fuller,  X  furrier,  glover,  maker  of  linen  cloth, 
X  pelterer,  shapestere,1  shearman,  X  shoemaker, 
skinner,  spinner,  spinner  of  wool,  X  tailor,  X  tan¬ 
ner  ,  walker,  weaver,  whittawyer.  There  are 
many  women  in  the  spinning  and  weaving  trade. 

c.  Various.  Collier,  cooper,  fletcher,  furbisher, 

maker  of  baskets  and  brooms,  maker  of 
wheels  for  drawing  water,  miner,  potter, 
X  smith,  tinker,  wheelwright. 

4.  Victuallers.  J  Baker,  J  brewer,  X  butcher,  X  hsh- 

1  Cf.  index  of  Powell’s  East  Anglia  Rising  where  this  term  occurs; 
his  list  of  “  Trades  and  callings”  found  in  the  Poll  Tax  lists  is  very 
valuable. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


8l 


monger,  j  innkeeper,  miller,  seller  of  salt,  seller  of  oats, 
of  beer,  of  mead,  of  wine,  tapster,  J  sellers  of  victuals 
in  general.  There  are  many  women  among  the  brewers 
and  bakers. 

5.  Unclassified.  Carrying  of  doors  and  windows,  bak¬ 
ing  of  lime,  carrying  of  iron,  fisherman,  huckster,  lighter 
of  churches  and  houses,  pedler,1  seller  of  cartwheels,  of 
coal,  of  lime,  of  iron,  sellers  in  general. 

6.  Unidentified.  Aquebanilatrix ,  chickkyn,  tnele- 
maker,  menbranatory  netrix ,2  schuppestre,  seyner,  sun- 
yere,  tentor .3 

A  few  instances  occur  where  the  delinquents  can 
hardly  be  classed  as  manual  labourers,  e.  g.,  chaplain, 
clerk,  crior,  merchant,  but  include  too  few  individuals  to 
be  significant. 

It  must  be  emphasized  once  again  that  my  sources, 
both  the  records  of  the  sessions  and  the  estreats  of  the 
penalties,  represent  only  a  small  proportion  of  the  simi¬ 
lar  proceedings  that  were  going  on  all  over  England, 
and  that  the  extracts  in  the  appendix  from  which  the 
larger  part  of  the  above  lists  have  been  drawn  represent 
only  a  small  part  even  of  these  sources ;  this  being  the 
case,  it  is  clear  that  the  justices  were  dealing  with  prac¬ 
tically  every  variety  of  economic  class  as  far  as  manual 
labourers  were  concerned,  but  with  very  few  individuals 
above  this  class,  and  also  that  the  increase  in  the  price 
of  manual  service  of  all  kinds  as  well  as  in  the  price  of 

‘This  translation  given  in  the  printed  Wiltshire  roll,  4,  as  a  sugges¬ 
tion  merely,  does  not  seem  very  probable. 

2  Is  this  the  feminine  of  “  netus,”  a  bondman,  or  is  it  connected  with 
“  neo,”  to  spin  ? 

3 1  suspect  that  “caruce  ”  is  understood.  The  printed  Wiltshire  roll 
presents  some  interesting  combinations  of  occupations;  e.  g.,  collar- 
maker  and  mower,  carpenter  and  fisherman,  merchant  and  fisherman. 


82  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


all  commodities  had  been  well-nigh  universal.  The  pen¬ 
alties  inflicted  for  the  endeavor  to  obtain  this  increase 
must  now  be  considered. 

(5)  Penalties — Of  the  confused  and  complicated  sys¬ 
tem  of  penalties  indicated  by  the  enactments,  a  brief  sum¬ 
mary  must  here  be  attempted.1  In  the  first  ordinance 
the  following  penalties  for  infringement  are  mentioned  : 
compulsory  service  clause ,  gaol  until  security  of  good 
behaviour  is  given  ;  contract  clause ,  imprisonment ;  agri¬ 
cultural  wages  clause ,  for  givers  and  takers  the  forfeit  of 
double  what  was  paid,  promised  or  received,  in  excess 
of  the  legal  rate,  to  go  to  the  aggrieved  party  or  to  any 
who  will  sue;  in  the  case  of  lords,  treble;  artisans'  wages 
clause ,  gaol ;  victuallers  clause ,  double  of  what  was  paid 
in  excess.2  In  the  second  ordinance  which  has  to  do 
only  with  the  wages  and  price  clauses,  the  forfeit  of  the 
“excess,”  i.  e.  of  the  difference  between  the  legal  and 
the  actual  rates,  is  substituted  for  the  greater  penalty  of 
the  first  ordinance  and  in  this  case  also  is  to  go  to  the 
plaintiff,  if  any  sue,  and  otherwise  towards  the  subsidy.3 
In  the  statute,  in  the  case  of  agricultural  labourers,  refusal 
to  swear  obedience  to  the  articles  and  breaking  of  the 
oath  when  sworn,  are  to  be  punished  by  stocks  or  gaol 
until  security  of  good  behaviour  is  given ;  in  the  case  of 
artisans,  the  penalties  for  breaking  of  their  oaths  are 
fine,  ransom,  and  imprisonment  at  the  discretion  of  the 
justices.  In  general,  infringement  of  any  clause  of  the 
statute  is  to  be  punished  by  these  three  means,  the  im¬ 
prisonment  to  last  until  security  for  good  behaviour  be 

1  The  disposition  of  the  penalties  is  merely  referred  to  here  and  is 
treated  at  length  in  pt.  1,  ch.  iii. 

2App.,  9,  10  and  11.  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  this  interpreta¬ 
tion  of  the  amount  forfeited  is  correct. 

:1  App.,  260.  For  an  account  of  this  measure,  cf.  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


83 

provided ;  it  is  also  added  that  the  breaking  of  the  oath 
of  obedience  shall  for  the  first  offence  be  punished  by 
prison  for  forty  days,  and  for  the  second,  for  a  quarter  of 
a  year.  In  the  same  clause  it  is  likewise  specified  that 
the  penalty  now  regularly  known  as  “excess  ”  shall  go  to 
the  plaintiff  if  any  sue  and  otherwise  to  the  current  sub¬ 
sidy  as  long  as  it  runs  and  after  its  cessation  to  the  king.1 

In  order  to  analyze  the  different  clauses  of  the  legisla¬ 
tion  and  to  describe  somewhat  in  detail  the  status  of  the 
individuals  who  were  infringing  them,  it  proved  necessary 
to  interrupt  the  account  of  the  procedure  in  sessions, 
leaving  the  justices  face  to  face  with  groups  of  labourers 
convicted  of  their  guilt.2  How,  out  of  the  apparent  con¬ 
fusion  of  penalties,  do  they  proceed  to  deal  with  the  de¬ 
linquents  ?  The  rolls  show  that  occasionally  they  employ 
imprisonment  as  an  actual  punishment:  for  example,  an 
offender  guilty  for  a  second  time  of  the  receipt  of  excess 
wages  is  adjudged  to  prison  for  forty  days ; 3  in  one  in¬ 
stance  they  use  the  equitable  device  of  delivering  to  a 
master  to  finish  out  her  term  a  maid-servant  who  had 
broken  her  contract.4  There  are  also  frequent  references 
to  the  use  of  stocks,  a  punishment  that  is  often  inflicted 
at  the  discretion  of  the  constables  without  the  interven¬ 
tion  of  the  justices.5  The  system  employed  by  the  latter 

'App.,  14-16.  Cf.  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  227  b  for  a  petition  that  corporal 
punishment  shall  be  inflicted  on  delinquents  instead  of  the  hitherto  in¬ 
effectual  fines  and  redemptions;  the  statute  is  said  to  be  in  response  to 
this  petition,  presumably  the  stocks  fulfilling  the  requirement  for  cor¬ 
poral  punishment. 

2S.  2.  3 App.,  184-185.  'App.,  214. 

hE.g.,  app.,  169;  see  also  the  numerous  references  in  the  De  Banco 
rolls;  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  3  and  s.  4.  The  Patent  Rolls  furnish  further  evi¬ 
dence  as  to  the  use  of  stocks;  e.  g.,  a  certain  Richard  de  Buckeden  of 
Leighton  has  been  indicted  before  the  justices  of  labourers  in  Hunts. 
““  de  eo  quod  ipse  noctanter  apud  Leighton  cum  aliis  ignotis  cippos  qui 


84  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

is  much  simpler  than  one  is  led  to  expect  by  the  summary 
of  the  provisions.  Their  penalties  fall  into  two  main 
groups,  fines  and  “excess;"  the  latter  can,  of  course, 
apply  only  to  the  giving  and  taking  of  illegal  wages  and 
prices,  and  since  “excess"  is  equivalent  to  the  difference 
between  the  legal  and  the  illegal  rates,  the  amount  to  be 
assessed  upon  each  offender  is  limited  by  the  degree  of 
his  offence,  very  little  room  being  left  for  the  discretion 
of  the  justices.1  The  excess  goes  to  the  plaintiff  if  any 
sue  but  with  the  system  of  presentments  by  juries,  so 
commonly  used,  its  disposition  is  regulated  by  the  statu¬ 
tory  provision.2  Fully  as  frequent  as  the  penalty  of 
“  excess  ”  is  the  finis  or  finem  fecit,  applicable,  of  course, 
in  case  of  the  infringement  of  any  clause  of  the  statutes, 
including  the  wages  and  price  clauses.3  It  does  not 
represent  the  modern  idea  of  a  fine  but  is  an  indefinite 
sum  to  be  determined  by  the  justices,  all  the  circum¬ 
stances  of  the  case  being  taken  into  consideration ;  it 
really  means  that  an  offender,  in  order  to  be  quit  of 
the  consequences  of  his  guilt,  must  pay  whatever  the 
court  decides  and  until  he  can  pay  the  amount  as  fixed 
he  must  abide  in  prison  unless  he  can  find  security  for 
such  payment.  Very  often  the  offender  is  able  to  pay 
immediately,  and  if  not,  he  can  almost  always  find  pledges 
acceptable  to  the  court ;  it  is  therefore  unlikely  that  im- 

facti  fuerunt  per  mandatum  nostrum  secundum  formam  statuti  predicti 
in  predicta  villa  de  Leighton  ad  delinquentes  et  culpabiles  contra  formam 
ordinacionis  et  statuti  predictorum  inuentos  in  eisdem  cippis  manci- 
pandos  et  saluo  custodiendos  maliciose  et  contra  pacem  nostram  fregit 
et  separatim  illos  in  foueam  proiecit.”  30  pt.  1,  m.  15,  23  March,  “  De 
pardonacione  utlagarie.” 

1  In  later  years,  a  petition  of  the  commons  that  the  amount  forfeited 
shall  be  double  this  difference  is  refused;  Rot.  Part.,  ii,  296  a. 

1  App.,  15-16.  3  App.,  145,  or  230. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


85 

prisonment  for  a  long  term  was  used  to  any  great  extent. 
The  estreat  rolls  show  that  a  delinquent  may  have  to  for¬ 
feit  the  excess,  or  that  he  may  be  forced  to  pay  a  fine,  or 
that  he  may  incur  both  penalties.1  In  the  case  of  actions 
brought  by  plaintiffs  there  are  many  instances  of  amerce¬ 
ments  for  false  actions  and  also  for  failure  to  continue 
the  suit;2  sometimes  damages  are  mentioned,  and  in  one 
instance  it  is  stated  that  they  are  assessed  by  the  jus¬ 
tices;3  they  would  be  the  normal  penalty  in  actions 
brought  at  the  suit  of  plaintiffs  on  clauses  other  than  the 
wages  and  price  clauses.  There  are  also  many  instances 
where  offenders  are  in  mercy  and  where  it  is  recorded 
that  they  are  amerced.4  Fines  and  “excess”  are,  how¬ 
ever,  by  far  the  most  usual  form  of  penalty,  and  make  up 
the  larger  part  of  the  issues  of  the  sessions,  described 
technically  in  the  exchequer  as  “  fines,  redemptions,  ex¬ 
cess,  issues  and  amercements,”  5  and  belonging,  accord¬ 
ing  to  mediaeval  custom,  to  him  who  had  the  right  to  the 
profits  of  that  particular  court.  Perhaps  the  best  proof 
of  the  all-importance  of  the  wages  and  price  clauses  is  the 
relative  frequency  of  the  penalty  known  as  excess  as 
shown  by  the  fact  that  in  many  exchequer  documents 
connected  with  the  subsidies  the  phrase  excessus^ opera- 
riorum  has  become  very  common  as  a  description  of  the 
money  penalties  imposed  under  the  statutes  of  labourers.6 

A  careful  study  of  the  records  of  fines  and  of  the 
security  given  for  their  payment  reveals  the  curious  fact 
that  a  culprit  who  is  himself  assessed  to  a  fine,  which  he 
has  not  yet  paid,  and  for  which  he  has  had  to  find  security, 

1  Cf.  e.  g.,  app.,  280;  338;  383-  2  App.,  156  and  157. 

sApp.,  146  and  186.  4  App.,  150. 

''App.,  273,  and  similar  documents,  passim. 

18  App.,  330,  et  passim. 


86  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


is  apparently  allowed  to  serve  as  pledge  for  another 
offender  in  a  similar  plight;1  one  is  led  to  suspect  that 
the  whole  matter  of  security  has  become  an  empty  form  ; 
possibly  the  lack  of  sufficient  prisons  to  hold  the  con¬ 
victed  made  it  necessary  to  adopt  almost  any  device  to 
meet  the  emergency. 

As  far  as  my  examination  has  gone,  the  amounts  of  the 
penalties  are  normally  within  fairly  well-defined  limits, 
ranging  from  several  shillings  to  several  pennies,  sums  be¬ 
tween  5s.  and  3d.  being  most  usual,  but  occasionally  rising 
as  high  as  half  a  mark,  8s.  or  10s.2  There  is  at  least  one 
instance  where  an  offender  was  amerced  £10  before  the 
justices  for  refusal  to  swear  obedience  to  the  statute.  It 
seems  possible  that  the  amount  of  this  amercement  was 
considered  unwarrantable,  for  three  writs  were  issued  by 
king  and  council,  two  to  the  sheriff3  and  one  to  the 
barons  of  the  exchequer,4  ordering  the  proceedings  for 
the  levying  of  the  £10  to  be  suspended;  what  the  final 
outcome  was  I  cannot  say.  In  regard  to  the  normal 
money  penalties,  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  in  the  punish¬ 
ment  for  the  receipt  of  illegal  wages,  if  a  fine  appears  as 
the  penalty  instead  of  the  “excess,"  the  amount  of  the 
fine  is  apt  to  be  exactly  equal  to  the  sum  that  had  been 


1  App.,  207,  and  210;  also  the  estreat  roll  for  London  summarized  in 
the  Calendar  of  Letter-Book  G.,  115-118. 

'This  statement  is  based  not  merely  on  the  sessional  records  but  also 
on  various  exchequer  documents  many  of  which  appear  in  the  app.;  see 
pt.  1,  ch.  iii. 

3Claus.,  31,  m.  10  d,  30  July,  “Pro  Thoma  Gobyon  de  Leyndon;” 
“  pro  eo  quod  in  quadam  inquisicione  coram  ipsis  iusticiariis  (Thoma 
Tire!  et  sociis  suis)  nuper  capienda  iurare  recusauit.”  Ibid.,  32,  m. 
17  d.  30  May,  “Pro  Thoma  Gobyoun  de  Leyndon.”  The  county  is 
Essex. 

4  Mem.  K.  R.,  35,  Mich.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  11;  “  Pro  Thoma  Gob¬ 
yon,”  dated  26  Nov.,  34th  year. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


8  7 

taken  in  excess,1  so  that  practically  there  is  no  difference 
between  the  two  forms.  It  will  become  apparent  later, 
however,  that  there  was,  from  the  point  of  view  of  the 
income  of  the  exchequer,  a  motive  for  sometimes  calling 
a  given  penalty  a  fine  rather  than  “  excess,”  and  for 
sometimes  doing  just  the  reverse,  a  motive  which  can  be 
understood  only  after  a  careful  study  of  the  disposition 
of  the  penalties.2 

After  the  money  penalties  had  been  named  by  the 
justices  in  session,  whether  fines,  excess  or  amercements, 
and  had  been  duly  entered  on  the  estreat  roll  by  their 
clerk,  and  after  the  roll  had  been  delivered  to  the  proper 
person,  collector  of  the  subsidy  or  exchequer  official,  the 
responsibilities  of  the  justices  were  over;  with  the  levy¬ 
ing  of  the  penalties  they  had  nothing  to  do.  While  the 
total  sum  of  the  issues  of  the  sessions  affords  an  excellent 
means  of  estimating  roughly  the  number  of  convictions, 
and  therefore  the  efficiency  of  the  justices  in  performing 
their  task,  this  total  must  be  discussed  in  connection 
with  the  whole  question  of  the  disposition  of  the  pen¬ 
alties  ;  but  in  the  meantime,  in  order  to  appreciate  more 
thoroughly  the  problems  dealt  with  by  the  justices,  it 
must  be  shown  how  extortionate  in  their  demands  were 
the  offenders  whom  they  were  punishing. 

(6)  Rates  of  wages  and  prices. — It  is  an  accepted  fact 
that  immediately  after  the  plague  there  was  an  extra¬ 
ordinary  and  unprecedented  rise  in  wages  and  prices ; 3 
it  is  also  indisputable  that  an  upward  movement  had 
begun  during  the  years  just  before  the  plague.4  An  ac- 

1  App.,  205,  et  seq.  2  See  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A  and  s.  2,  B. 

3  Introduction,  pp.  4-5.  During  the  actual  ravages  of  the  plague 
prices  fell,  but  only  for  a  few  months;  Knighton,  ii,  62. 

4  Cunningham,  Growth  of  Eng.  Industry ,  i,  335-336:  Denton,  Eng. 
in  Fifteenth  Century ,  107,  217-218;  Petit-Dutaillis,  introduction  to 
Reville’s  Sou  lavement,  xxix-xxx;  Rogers,  Hist.,  of  Prices ,  i,  2g  2. 


88  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


curate  estimate  of  the  aims  of  the  statutes  in  regard  to 
the  level  of  wages  and  prices  will  be  possible  only  as  a 
result  of  a  detailed  comparison,  district  by  district,  of  the 
statutory  rates  with  those  prevailing  before  and  after  the 
cataclysm,  bearing  in  mind  that  for  wages  the  statutory 
rates  were  maximum, — where  less  was  usual,  less  was  to 
be  paid,1  while  for  prices  the  rate  was  to  be  “reason¬ 
able.”2  Since  the  money  rate  per  se  has  little  signifi¬ 
cance,  such  a  comparison  must  include  statements  as  to 
the  relative  purchasing  power  of  the  various  rates  of 
wages.  Rogers’  figures,3  the  best  that  are  in  print, 
apply  largely  to  the  south  and  east  of  England/  and  in 
view  of  the  wide  variation  between  rates  in  different 
localities  are  useless  for  other  parts  of  the  country. 
Moreover,  since  the  publication  of  Rogers’  tables,  the 
continuous  investigation  of  manuscript  sources,  the  issue 
of  successive  official  calendars  and  lists,5  and  the  in¬ 
creased  printing  of  records,6  have  all  helped  to  show  the 
abundance  of  material  from  which  statistics  can  be  de¬ 
rived. 

Of  the  sources  that  I  have  examined,  the  most  useful 
for  this  purpose  are  the  sessional  records  themselves  and 
the  accounts  of  penalties ; 7  but,  within  the  limits  of  my 
work  for  this  monograph,  it  has  been  impossible  to  make 
an  exhaustive  study  of  the  rates  there  recorded.  Further, 
full  as  are  these  two  classes  of  documents  of  instances  of 

‘App.,  13.  2  App.,  10. 

3  Hist,  of  Prices  already  frequently  quoted. 

1  Wiebe,  Zur  Geschichle  der  Preisrevolution ,  3031. 

5 App.,  4. 

0  Cf.  e.  g.,  such  a  book  as  Miss  Davenport’s  Norfolk  Manor. 

7  Exceedingly  valuable  also  are  the  counts  in  the  actions  brought  in 
the  upper  courts;  cf.  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  3,  and  also  the  presentments  in  the 
court  of  king’s  bench  recorded  in  Ancient  Indictments;  cf.  app.  F,  1. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


89 

the  receipt  of  sums  beyond  the  legal  wages  and  prices, 
the  manner  in  which  the  offence  is  entered  on  the  roll 
often  makes  it  impossible  to  ascertain  the  rate  of  increase 
over  previous  sums.  Sometimes  when  the  illegal  rate 
per  day  is  specified,  there  is  not  a  sufficiently  accurate 
description  of  the  occupation  of  the  offender  to  enable 
identification  of  the  statutory  rate ; 1 *  sometimes  there  is 
only  the  vague  phrase,  “he  received  excessive  wages/' 
cepit  excessiue; 2  frequently  it  is  said  that  “he  received  so 
much,  (a  lump  sum),  in  excess;”3  this  formula  of  course 
tells  the  net  amount  of  the  delinquent’s  gain  and  is  un¬ 
doubtedly  employed  so  frequently  because  it  represents 
that  all-important  fact,  the  amount  to  be  forfeited  as 
penalty,  but  it  gives  no  clue  to  the  rate  of  the  gain. 
Even,  however,  within  the  narrow  limits  of  information 
based  for  the  most  part  on  the  extracts  of  sessional 
records  printed  in  the  appendix  there  are  a  few  entries 
so  explicit  that  it  seems  advisable  to  call  attention  to 
them. 

Household  servants .  A  maid  servant  is  given  5s.  for 
half  a  year  instead  of  3s.  6d.;4  another  has  had  30s.  a 
year;5  two  men  servants  are  paid  8s.  for  the  winter  sea¬ 
son,  with  livery  and  daily  food;6  another  man  servant 
receives  6s.  for  half  a  year  et  vnam  tunicam  cum  capu- 
chio.1 

Agricultural  labourers — Common  labourers .  The  stat¬ 
utory  rate  for  various  agricultural  work  probably  applies 
to  this  class ;  the  following  rates  are  all  described  as 

1  E.g.f  app.,  148.  Unless  otherwise  specified  the  remaining  references 
in  this  section  are  to  pages  of  the  appendix. 

’205,  208;  see  also  printed  Wiltshire  roll,  passim. 

3 234;  printed  Wiltshire  roll,  passim. 

*202.  5  224.  r>227.  7  193. 


9° 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


excessive:  18s.  for  half  a  year,  ad  mensam  ;  6d.  per  day 
in  August,  with  food  and  drink;  2d.  per  day  in  winter, 
with  food  and  drink.1 

Reapers .  Statutory  rate  is  2d.  or  3d.  per  day;  they 
frequently  receive  3d.  and  6d.2 

Mowers  of  meadows.  Statutory  rate  is  3d.  per  acre ; 
they  are  recorded  as  taking  9d.,  amounting  to  20s.  in 
excess;3  also  iod.  and  8d.  for  half  an  acre,  and  iod.,  I2d. 
and  I4d.  for  an  acre.4 

Hoers.  Statutory  rate  is  id.  per  day;  a  woman  takes 
2d.  per  day,  amounting  to  I2d.  in  excess.5 

Threshing  of  corn.  Statutory  rate  is  2d.  ob.  per  quar¬ 
ter,  but  in  Derby  even  less  must  be  usual,  for  it  is  said 
that  3d.  per  quarter  for  20  quarters  amounts  to  2s.  in 
excess.6 

Threshing  of  barley.  Statutory  rate  is  id.  ob.  per 
quarter;  8d.  is  paid  for  four  quarters.7 

Artisans. — A  dauber  takes  3d.  per  day  and  food,  in¬ 
stead  of  the  previous  rate  of  id.  and  food;8  coverers  of 
houses  are  receiving  double  the  customary  rate;9  a  serv¬ 
ant  of  a  smith,  having  been  sworn  to  take  8s.  a  year, 
received  20s. ; 10  a  sawyer  takes  3d.  per  day,  with  food,  the 
statutory  rate  for  carpenter,  mason  and  tiler  being  only 
3d.  per  day ; 11  a  fuller  receives  double  the  legal  rate  to 
the  amount  of  3s.  qd.  ;12  a  weaver  is  paid  id  .pro  ulna, 
instead  of  pro  tribus  ulnis ; 13  tailors  take  treble  the  cus¬ 
tomary  wages.14 

Although  a  great  many  victuallers  as  well  as  sellers  of 
other  commodities  are  indicted,  I  have  found  peculiarly 

*172,  267;  Assize  Roll,  Essex,  268;  m.  16.  2 226.  :i  1 7 1  - 

4  Printed  Wiltshire  roll,  17-18.  hIbid.t  18.  162-163. 

7  231.  8 194.  9i7i.  10 170. 

”164.  11  Printed  Wiltshire  roll,  12.  ,3i96.  14i70. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


9T 


few  instances  where  a  direct  comparison  between  old 
and  new  rates  is  possible  ;  in  one  case  sellers  of  meat  and 
also  of  wine  are  described  as  making  profits  beyond 
what  is  reasonable,  and  the  price  of  their  wine  is  men¬ 
tioned  as  2d.  per  gallon;1  in  another  case  it  is  said  that  a 
gallon  of  beer  is  sold  at  id.  ob.  instead  of  at  id.;2 *  and 
in  still  another,  a  potter  is  accused  of  making  ollas  ereas 
and  selling  them  ad  triplex ?  It  is  interesting  to  find  a 
vicar  refusing  to  perform  the  marriage  ceremony  except 
for  what  is  said  to  be  an  extortionate  fee  of  5s.  or  6s.4 
The  incident  of  the  Lincolnshire  ploughman  really  tells 
the  whole  story;  he  refuses  to  serve  except  by  the  day 
and  unless  he  has  fresh  meat  instead  of  salt  and  finally 
leaves  the  town  because  no  one  dares  engage  him  on 
these  terms.5 

Although  emphatically  disclaiming  the  intention  of 
presenting  these  few  specific  instances  as  conclusive 
proof  of  a  given  rate  of  increase  in  wages  and  prices, 
it  is  my  own  belief  that  they  are  indicative  of  the  general 
trend  and  that  the  countless  cases  of  the  receipt  of  excess 
will  bear  out  the  high  rates  just  quoted.  For  once  the 

1 168.  2 201.  3 170. 

4i7i.  A  contrast  to  Chaucer’s  “Frere”  in  the  Prologue  to  Ihe 
Canterbury  Tales: 

“  He  hadde  maad  ful  many  a  mariage 
Of  yonge  wommen,  at  his  owne  cost.” 

Verses  212-213. 

5  Cf.  Piers  Plowman,  .  A.  Passus  vii,  295-299  : 

”  Laborers  that  haue  no  lond  to  lieuen  cn  bote  heore  honden, 
Deyne  not  to  dyne  a  day  niht-olde  wortes. 

Moi  no  peny-ale  hem  paye  ne  nc  pece  of  bacun, 

Bote  hit  weore  fresch  flesch  or  elles  fisch  i — friyet, 

Both  ckaud  and  plusckaud  for  chele  of  heore  mawe.” 

Cf.  Oman,  The  Great  Revolt,  9. 


92 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


chroniclers  do  not  seem  to  have  greatly  exaggerated,1 
nor  does  one  wonder  that  the  “malice  of  servants” 
appears  to  the  employers  the  only  appropriate  phrase  to 
describe  the  attitude  of  the  labouring  classes. 

(7)  Supervision  of  the  justices  of  labourers. — Omitting 
for  the  present  the  control  of  the  justices  most  system¬ 
atically  worked  out  at  this  period,  namely  that  of  the 
exchequer,  which  has  to  do  entirely  with  the  question  of 
the  money  penalties,  the  other  methods  of  control  exer¬ 
cised  by  the  central  authorities  must  now  be  considered. 

1.  The  removal  of  individual  justices  and  the  cancelling 
of  commissions  by  king  and  council.  It  has  already  been 
noted  that  any  particularly  flagrant  conduct  on  the  part 
of  a  given  justice,  if  reported  to  the  king  and  council, 
sometimes  resulted  in  his  prompt  removal  without  re¬ 
course  to  the  courts  of  law.2 

2.  The  issue  by  royal  writs  of  special  commands  to  the 
justices  and  occasionally  the  appointment  of  special  com¬ 
missions  of  investigation. 

3.  The  ordinary  mediaeval  system  of  dealing  with  the 
extortion  or  other  misdemeanors  of  officials. 

4.  The  removal  to  a  higher  court,  by  writ  of  certiorari , 
of  proceedings  before  the  justices  of  labourers. 

The  power  of  the  crown  over  the  removal  of  justices 
has  already  been  treated  in  some  detail  and  needs  no 
comment  here;3  further,  the  interference  of  king  and 
council  with  the  action  of  the  justices,  by  means  of  sup¬ 
plementary  writs,  is  sometimes  due  to  the  necessity  for 
an  interpretation  of  the  relation  of  the  justices  to  seig- 

1  It  must  however  be  admitted  that  the  particularly  high  rates  men¬ 
tioned  by  Knighton  do  not  seem  to  occur  very  often;  cf.  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii, 
s.  3- 

5  Cf.  case  of  the  Surrey  justices;  p.  q6.  8Pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  3. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


93 


norial  rights  of  jurisdiction  and  to  the  profits  of  jurisdic¬ 
tion  and  can  therefore  be  most  profitably  treated  later  in 
connection  with  the  disposition  of  penalties ; 1  there  are, 
however,  other  causes  for  interference  which  belong 
here.  For  example,  when  a  certain  abbot  complains  to 
the  king  that  at  the  instigation  of  some  of  his  rivals  the 
justices  in  his  county  had  forced  his  tenants  to  serve 
other  masters,  although  he  himself  had  need  of  their 
services  for  the  tilling  of  his  demesne  lands,  the  king 
issues  a  writ  to  the  justices  bidding  them  supply  the 
abbot  with  a  sufficient  number  of  labourers.2  Again,  the 
urgent  pleas  of  the  Carthusians  of  Hinton  and  of  Wytham 
that,  owing  to  their  peculiar  situation  they  are  utterly 
unable  to  secure  workmen,  result,  in  the  case  of  the  first, 
in  the  permission  from  king  and  council  to  pay  wages 
fixed  by  contract  instead  of  the  statutory  rates  and  in  a 
command  to  the  justices  of  the  county  not  to  interfere;3 
and  in  the  case  of  the  second,  in  the  permission  to  hire 
labourers  from  the  neighboring  districts  in  spite  of  the 
statutory  prohibition  against  labourers  leaving  their  place 
of  residence.4 

It  also  appears  that  the  justices,  when  in  difficulties, 
are  glad  to  have  the  aid  and  protection  of  the  crown  : 
on  several  occasions  when  their  sessions  have  been 
broken  up  by  the  violent  attacks  of  malefactors,  and  they 

1  Cf.  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  B,  and  pt.  ii,  ch.  i.  3App.,  217-218. 

3Pat.,  29,  pt.  2,  m.  4,  5  Oct.,  “Pro  priore  et  fratribus  de  Henton, 
ordinis  Cartusiensis;”  quoted  by  Gasquet,  Great  Pestilence ,  171-172. 

4  Pat.,  28,  pt.  1,  m.  20,  16  Jan.,  “  Pro  priore  et  fratribus  de  Wytham;” 
also  quoted  by  Gasquet,  op.  cit.,  170-171.  There  is  a  limitation  to  the  use 
of  writs  in  increasing  the  powers  of  the  justices;  cf.  42  Lib.  Ass.,  pi.  12; 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  justices  of  labourers  in  a  certain  county  had  been 
extended  by  writ  to  include  champarties  etc.,  and  it  is  decided  by  the 
court  of  king’s  bench  that  for  such  a  purpose  a  writ  is  illegal  and  a 
commission  necessary. 


94 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


themselves  exposed  to  danger,  either  they  or  their  friends 
complain  to  the  king  and  council  and  succeed  in  obtain¬ 
ing  the  issue  of  special  commissions  of  oyer  and  terminer 
to  investigate  the  trouble  and  to  bring  the  offenders  to 
speedy  punishment.1 

Cases  of  negligence,  extortion,  and  other  misdemean¬ 
ors  on  the  part  of  officials  come  within  the  cognizance 
of  the  justices  of  the  joint  commissions2  and  of  the 
justices  of  oyer  and  terminer,  in  accordance  with  the 
regular  form  of  their  commissions,3  and  also  in  the  ordi¬ 
nary  course  of  law  come  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
court  of  king’s  bench.  Even  a  cursory  examination  of 
these  two  latter  classes  of  records  has  shown  several  in¬ 
stances  of  such  cases,  either  in  regard  to  justices  or  to 
the  local  officials  for  whom  they  were  responsible ;  for 
example,  indictments  against  justices,4  a  justice’s  clerk,5 
a  constable.6  a  seneschal  and  bailiff.7  Still  more  im- 


‘Pat.,  25 ,  pt.  2,  m.  13  d,  6  July,  “  De  audiendo  et  terminando  rebel- 
lionem  factam  coram  iusticiariis  Regis;”  summarized  in  Cal.,  ix,  158; 
the  justices  of  Middlesex  were  actually  driven  from  their  sessions  at 
Tottenham.  Pat.,  26,  pt.  2,  m.  10  d,  22  Aug.,  “  De  audiendo  et  ter¬ 
minando  pro  Rege;”  summarized  in  Cal.,  ix,  341;  certain  evildoers 
assaulted  John  de  Claymond  while  he  was  performing  his  duties  as 
member  of  the  joint  commission  in  Holland  and  even  sought  to  kill 
him.  Pat.,  32,  pt.  2,  m.  30  d,  30  July,  De  audiendo  et  terminando:  a 
violent  attack  on  Lyouns,  Harewedon  and  others  while  executing  their 
office  as  justices  of  labourers  in  Northants. 

1  Cf.  app.,  23  and  25-26. 

3  Cf.  e.  g.,  Pat.,  32,  pt.  1,  m.  24  d,  18  March,  “  De  audiendo  et  ter¬ 
minando  omnes  felonias  et  transgressiones  in  comitatu  Hereford' 
justices  are  appointed  to  inquire  “  de  quibuscumque  feloniis,  transgres- 
sionibus,  conspiracionibus,  oppressionibus,  extorsionibus,  confedera- 
cionibus,  alliganciis  iniustis,  cambipartiis,  ambidextriis,  forstallariis, 
falsitatibus,  dampnis,  grauaminibus  et  excessibus.” 

4  App.,  264  266.  5 App.,  241-242. 

fiApp.,  242-243.  7  App.,  266. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


95 


portant  are  the  instances  for  this  decade  of  the  removal 
to  a  higher  court  of  cases  before  the  justices  of  labourers  ; 
for,  although  not  numerous,  they  are  significant  as  to 
process.1  Three  out  of  the  four  cases  involve  villeinage 
as  an  issue ;  two  out  of  these  three  record  picturesque 
attempts  of  ambitious  villeins  to  bring  actions  on  the 
statute  of  labourers  against  their  masters.  The  substance 
of  these  cases  must  be  dealt  with  again  in  a  later  section 
in  connection  with  the  relation  of  the  labour  legislation 
to  villeinage ; 2  at  present  it  is  the  fact  of  an  appeal  to  a 
higher  authority  that  is  to  be  considered.  The  case  re¬ 
corded  in  the  chronicle  of  the  abbey  of  Meaux  deserves 
careful  study  from  the  point  of  view  of  procedure.3  Some 
villeins  bring  suit  before  the  justices  of  labourers  against 
their  lord  the  abbot  on  the  plea  that  he  has  eloigned 
their  ploughmen  contrary  to  the  statute  of  labourers ; 
after  they  had  been  adjudged  in  mercy  on  the  ground 
that  the  abbot  is  not  bound  to  answer  in  an  action 
brought  against  him  by  his  villeins,  they  complain  to  the 
king  that  the  justices  had  pronounced  an  unjust  judg¬ 
ment  against  them  and  claim  that  they  are  not  villeins  of 
the  abbot  but  of  the  crown.  The  king  issues  a  writ 
summoning  into  chancery  the  records  of  the  proceedings 
before  the  justices  of  labourers  and  also  bids  the  abbot 
appear  in  person  before  him  to  answer  the  plea  as  to 
ownership ;  the  chronicler  goes  on  to  say  that  the  abbot 

1The  issue  from  chancery  of  writs  of  certiorari  demanding  from  the 
justices  the  records  of  processes  of  outlawry  that  had  been  carried  out 
by  their  orders  need  not  be  discussed  here;  it  is  the  regular  course  of 
events  before  a  pardon  of  outlawry  can  be  obtained  from  the  king.  Cf. 
Fitzherbert,  New  Natura  Brevium\  554,  and  app.,  239  and  F,  2. 

2  Pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  6. 

3  Chron 1.  de  Melsa,  Rolls  Series,  iii,  127-142;  quoted  by  Savine  in 
“  Bondmen  under  the  Tudors”  in  Trans.  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  xvii,  254, 
and  by  Petit-Dutaillis  in  introduction  to  Reville’s  Soulbvemeni ,  xxxvii. 


^6  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

by  means  of  presents  to  the  chancellor  and  in  spite  of 
the  hostile  attitude  of  others  of  the  council  obtains  per¬ 
mission  to  appear  by  attorney;  the  question  of  the 
ownership  of  the  villeins  was  finally  tried  before  the  jus¬ 
tices  of  assize  and  was  settled  in  favor  of  the  abbot. 

The  two  other  villein  cases  are  found  among  the  County 
Placita.  In  the  first,  a  writ  of  certiorari  had  bidden  the 
justices  of  labourers  in  Bedfordshire  send  into  chancery  a 
copy  of  certain  proceedings  held  before  them  ;r  the  docu¬ 
ment  is  endorsed  by  David  de  Woll[ore],2  who  was  at  this 
date  keeper  of  the  chancery  rolls,  at  the  instance  of  John 
de  Herlyng,3  (usher  of  the  kings’  chamber),  but  I  have 
no  clue  as  to  the  outcome.  In  the  second,  there  had  been 
a  similar  writ  to  the  Surrey  justices  of  labourers ;  the 
endorsement  of  the  transcript  of  the  proceedings  is  “  to 
the  chancellor  of  our  lord  the  king”4  and  possibly  indi¬ 
cates  that  the  final  decision  was  left  to  the  chancellor. 
It  is  to  be  noted  that  in  all  these  cases  judgment  had 
been  given  by  the  justices  of  labourers  before  the  issue 
of  the  writs  of  certiorari. 

The  fourth  case  has  been  mentioned  several  times ;  it 
is  that  of  the  two  Surrey  justices,  de  Roulegh  and  atte 
Wode  by  name.  After  they  had  been  removed  from  their 
commission,  as  a  result  of  complaints  to  the  council,5 
their  former  colleagues  in  their  sessions  proceed  to  bring 
indictments  against  them  for  their  misdemeanors  as 
justices ;  but  before  a  judgment  or  a  verdict  is  reached, 
the  court  of  king’s  bench  issues  to  the  acting  justices  a 
writ  of  certiorari ,  summoning  before  it  all  the  records  in 
the  case,  and  after  lengthy  proceedings,  finally  acquits 
atte  Wode,  but  convicts  de  Roulegh  of  the  offence  for 

*App.,  244-248.  2  Cf.  Cal.  Close  Rolls,  ix,  index. 

*Ibid.,  loc.  cit.  ‘App.,  248-250.  5  See  pp.  30-32. 


PROCEEDINGS  BEFORE  THE  JUSTICES 


97 

which  he  had  been  indicted  in  quarter  sessions,  and  fines 
him  heavily. 1 

The  Coram  Rege  Rolls  during  the  latter  years  of  the 
reign  contain  many  instances  of  proceedings  before  the 
joint  commissioners  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers,  sum¬ 
moned  into  chancery  by  writ  of  certiorari  and  then  sent 
by  a  mittimus  into  the  court  of  king’s  bench;2  undoubt¬ 
edly  with  the  better  organization  of  the  justices  of  the 
peace,  this  method  of  control  of  their  action  became 
more  usual.3  It  is  characteristic  of  the  English  system 
that  no  administrative  control  was  provided  by  the  stat¬ 
ute  of  labourers  for  the  justices  who  were  to  enforce  it;4 
and  equally  characteristic  that  on  the  whole  the  super¬ 
vision  of  the  justices  by  the  central  government  was 
very  steadily  exercised;  in  turning  to  the  subject  of  the 
disposition  of  the  penalties,  the  thoroughness  of  the 
control  exercised  by  the  exchequer  is  still  more  striking. 

1  App.,  211-21 3;  also  p.  41. 

2  Strangely  enough  in  41  Lib.  Ass.  pi.  22,  the  use  of  the  writ  of  cer¬ 
tiorari  is  limited  to  its  issue  by  chancery;  cf.,  however,  Fitzherbert, 
op.  cit.,  554:  “  The  writ  of  certiorari  is  an  original  Writ,  and  issueth 
sometimes  out  of  the  Chancery,  and  sometimes  out  of  the  King’s 
Bench.” 

3  Cf.  Beard,  op.  cit.,  154.  I  print  in  the  appendix  one  such  appealed 
case  although  it  is  of  a  later  date  than  the  decade  under  consideration. 

4  Cf.  Beard,  op.  cit.,  151:  “In  English  practice,  no  special  institutions 
were  ever  constituted  for  administrative  control  or  to  provide  remedies 
against  officers  as  such.” 


CHAPTER  III 


THE  DISPOSITION  OF  THE  MONEY  PENALTIES  1  UNDER  THE 

STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

That  the  profits  of  justice  are  the  essential  element  in  the 
mediaeval  system  of  law  2  is  clearly  illustrated  in  the  per¬ 
sistent  contest  to  establish  a  right  to  the  money  penalties 
under  the  statutes  of  labourers,  a  contest  carried  on  by  means 
of  every  possible  legal  technicality.3  Normally  the  issues 
of  courts  under  the  jurisdiction  of  justices  appointed  by  the 
central  government  belonged  to  the  crown,  with  special  pri¬ 
vileges  for  the  owners  of  certain  franchises  ;  but  in  the  case 
of  these  penalties,  the  taxpayers  made  a  notable  attempt  to 
assert  their  right  against  the  crown,  while  the  crown  in  its 
turn  strove  to  lessen  the  share  obtained  by  the  lords  of 
franchises. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  the  disposition  of  these  penal¬ 
ties,  the  decade  under  consideration  may  be  divided  roughly 
into  two  periods  of  about  equal  length:4  1349-1354,  and 
1354-1359,  with  the  first  of  which  the  present  section  deals. 

irThe  term  “fine”  used  in  my  article  in  the  E.  H.  E.  is  not  suffi¬ 
ciently  accurate  from  the  mediaeval  standpoint,  especially  in  view  of 
the  important  distinction  made  by  the  exchequer  between  “  fines  ”  and 
other  forms  of  money  penalties. 

2  Cf.  Maitland,  Domesday  Book  and  Beyond ,  277-278. 

aThe  contest  was  not  confined  to  legal  means;  the  instances  of  mis¬ 
appropriation  are  numerous. 

4  Since  the  first  triennial  runs  through  Easter,  1351,  while  the  second 
does  not  begin  till  Easter,  1352,  there  is,  strictly  speaking,  a  year  which 
must  be  classed  with  the  second  period. 

98 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


99 

i.  Period  of  the  triennial  grants  of  1348  and  1332;  the 

claims  of  the  taxpayers 

The  immediate  economic  effects  of  the  plague,  the  fall  in 
rents,  the  rise  in  wages,  and  in  prices,1  injured  chiefly  the 
taxpayers,  who  were,  for  the  most  part,  the  owners  of  land 
and  the  employers  of  labour,  and  rendered  still  heavier  their 
burden  of  taxation  already  grievous  enough  because  of  the 
costliness  of  the  French  war.2  In  view  of  continuous  diffi¬ 
culties  in  the  collection  of  the  full  amount  of  the  taxes,  the 
experiment  was  tried  of  applying  in  aid  of  the  current  sub¬ 
sidy  the  money  penalties  under  the  statutes  of  labourers, 
which,  in  by  far  the  largest  number  of  cases,  must  have 
come  from  the  pockets  of  the  wage-earners.3  To  the  em¬ 
ployers  of  labour  there  undoubtedly  seemed  a  peculiar  fit¬ 
ness  in  the  ingenious  device  to  secure  contributions  from 
the  one  class  in  the  community  the  economic  condition  of 
which  had  been  improved  by  the  plague.  The  scheme  was 
used  twice,  first  in  relation  to  the  grant  of  1348,  and 
secondly  to  the  grant  of  1352;  but  while  the  latter  measure 
has  attracted  some  attention,  the  former  has  been  almost 
ignored  4  and  must  now  be  described  in  detail. 

A.  The  tenth  and  fifteenth  of  1348 

In  the  spring  of  1348,  a  tenth  and  fifteenth  were  granted 
by  the  commons  to  be  paid  at  Michaelmas  and  Easter  for 

1  See  pp.  4-5,  87-92.  Gasquet,  The  Great  Pestilence ,  197-198,  even 
claims  that  'the  king  issued  the  ordinance  for  the  express  purpose  of 
preventing  the  landowners  from  making  the  high  wages  extorted  from 
them  an  excuse  for  their  failure  to  pay  their  taxes. 

*  Rot.  Part.,  ii,  227a;  the  destruction  by  the  plague  of  all  the  inhab¬ 
itants  of  certain  towns  rendered  still  heavier  the  pressure  of  taxation  on 
the  survivors  in  other  districts. 

3  Cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  ss.  3,  4  and  5. 

4  For  a  brief  reference  to  this  earlier  attempt,  see  my  article  in  E.  //. 
E.,  519-521. 


IOO  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


three  successive  years,1  in  the  manner  that  had  become  cus¬ 
tomary  since  1334.2  The  writs  appointing  the  three  sets 
of  collectors  are  identical  in  form  with  those  of  preceding 
years,3  but  shortly  after  the  issue  in  the  summer  of  1349 
of  the  writs  for  the  second  year,  important  supplementary 
instructions  are  given  to  the  collectors.  The  ordinance  of 
labourers  framed  by  the  king’s  council  had  been  proclaimed 
in  June;  in  November,  as  a  result  of  complaints  from  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  community  4  that  the  excessive  wages  extorted 
from  them  by  labourers,  contrary  to  the  ordinance,  pre¬ 
vented  them  from  paying  their  share  of  the  subsidy,  letters 
patent  were  issued  to  all  the  collectors  5  directing  them  to 
assess  upon  labourers  the  sums  received  by  them  in  excess 
of  the  legal  wages  or  prices,  and  to  levy  the  same  in  aid 
of  the  subsidy;6  the  collectors  and  their  deputies,  also 
bailiffs  and  constables,  (there  is  no  mention  of  justices)  are 
empowered  to  imprison  obstinate  offenders  until  they  re¬ 
fund  the  “  excess  ”  and  give  security  for  good  behaviour. 
The  collectors,  when  necessary,  are  to  obtain  evidence  by 

ljRot.  Pari.,  ii,  200-201;  first  year,  Mich.,  1348,  and  Easter,  1349, 
previous  to  the  ordinance;  second  year,  Mich.,  1349,  and  Easter,  1350, 
subsequent  to  the  ordinance;  third  year,  Mich.,  1350,  and  Easter,  1351, 
the  last  collection  being  subsequent  to  the  statute. 

2  Dowell,  Hist,  of  Taxation,  i,  97;  by  this  time  a  fixed  sum  appor¬ 
tioned  definitely  throughout  the  country. 

3  Orig.,  22,  m.  53,  Anglia;  23,  ms.  52-54,  16  July;  24,  m.  22,  20  July. 

4“  Ex  populari  conquestione;”  doubtless  expressed  through  petitions 
to  king  and  council. 

5App.,  258-261.  The  Cal.  of  Letter -Book  F,  199-200,  contains  the 
enrollment  of  the  writ  for  London,  “  Quod  operarii  capiant  stipendia  ut 
solebant  et  non  ultra,”  and  also  of  a  writ  to  the  sheriffs  ordering  the 
proclamation  of  the  ordinance  of  June. 

6  Cf.  p.  82  for  an  analysis  of  the  difference  between  the  penalty  here 
ordained  and  that  of  the  more  famous  ordinance;  Barrington,  Observa¬ 
tions  upon  the  Statutes,  207,  considers  that  this  “  improper  ”  distribu¬ 
tion  of  the  penalties  possibly  caused  the  neglect  of  the  measure. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


ior 


sworn  inquest  and  are  to  have  the  assistance  of  the  sheriff 
in  enforcing  obedience.  With  the  cessation  of  this  tenth, 
and  fifteenth,  the  said  “  excess  ”  is  to  be  levied  in  aid  of  the 
king  per  illos  qnos  ad  hoc  duxerimus  assignandos.  In¬ 
ternal  evidence  shows  that  these  instructions  were  drawn 
up  by  the  king’s  council  1  and  that  they  can  properly  be 
described  as  secunda  ordinacio .2  It  is  clear  that  by  this 
renunciation  of  what  would  normally  be  a  source  of  profit 
to  the  crown,  the  council  hoped  to  conciliate  the  discon¬ 
tented  taxpayers;  the  sequel  shows,  however,  that  it  had 
determined  to  interpret  the  concession  in  its  narrowest  and 
most  literal  sense. 

The  writs  of  July,  1350,  for  the  collection  of  the  third 
year  of  the  subsidy,3  were  followed  by  a  repetition  of  the 
provisions  as  to  the  “  excess,”  addressed  as  before  to  the 
collectors  throughout  England.4  It  is,  therefore,  somewhat 

‘Since  there  appears  in  the  beginning  of  the  writ,  “cum  .  .  .  .  de 
consilio  prelatorum,  nobilium,  aliorumque  peritorum  nobis  assistencium, 
ordinauerimus,”  followed  by  a  clause  of  the  ordinance  of  18  June,  and 
then  “ex  deliberacione  dicti  consilii  nostri,  adiciendo  duximus  ordi- 
nandum,”  followed  by  the  provisions  for  the  application  of  the  excess, 
it  is  evident  that  the  same  council  was  responsible  for  both  measures, 
and  it  has  already  been  said  (p.  2)  that  the  ordinance  of  labourers  was 
the  work  of  the  king’s  council. 

2  “  Dictam  primam  ordinacionem  ”  is  the  phrase  in  the  above  writ 
applied  to  the  June  ordinance;  “  second  ordinance’’  is  therefore  prefer¬ 
able  for  the  writ,  rather  than  the  “  conclusion  of  the  ordinance,”  the 
title  used  in  the  Statutes  of  the  Realm ,  i,  309,  for  an  undated  document, 
printed  from  MS.  Reg.  19  A,  xiv,  British  Museum,  and  almost  iden¬ 
tical  with  the  writ  under  consideration.  The  former  is  in  the  third  per¬ 
son  while  the  writ  is,  of  course,  in  the  first,  and  has  a  longer  preamble 
as  well  as  some  additional  paragraphs  at  the  end,  important  for  pro¬ 
cedure.  In  the  Museum  manuscript  the  “conclusion”  follows  con¬ 
secutively  after  the  last  clause  of  the  June  ordinance  and  includes  the 
instructions  to  the  bishops  etc.,  which  really  belong  only  to  the  earlier 
measure. 

3  Supra,  p.  100,  note  3. 

4  Orig.,  24,  m.  13,  1  Oct.;  “  De  decima  et  quintadecima  de  operariis.” 


;  02  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


surprising  that  an  examination  of  the  accounts  of  the  last 
two  years  of  this  subsidy,  as  well  as  of  the  numerous  pro¬ 
cesses  on  the  Memoranda  Rolls  against  delinquent  col¬ 
lectors,  has  failed  to  reveal  for  the  period  previous  to  the 
enactment  of  the  statute  a  single  reference  to  the  “  excess  ;" 
from  other  sources,  however,  it  is  clear  that  the  council's 
measure  was  not  entirely  ineffective.  Special  difficulties 
in  certain  counties,  evidently  reported  to  king  and  council,1 
made  requisite  more  specific  instructions:  early  in  January, 
1350,  information  of  the  obstinate  refusal  of  some  labourers 
in  Hampshire  to  pay  the  sums  assessed  upon  them  resulted 
in  a  mandate  to  the  collectors  to  imprison  the  delinquents 
in  Winchester  castle;  a  similar  writ  was  directed  to  the  col¬ 
lectors  of  Essex.*  The  collectors  of  the  latter  county  were 
apparently  accused  of  over-zeal,  and  a  few  months  later,  it 
became  necessary  to  check  their  proceedings  against  those 
labourers  who  had  already  spent  their  illegal  gains,  and 
were  therefore  actually  incapable  of  refunding  the  “excess 
imprisonment  only  made  them  poorer  and  deprived  the 
community  of  their  services  at  the  very  time  when  there 
was  such  a  dire  scarcity  of  labourers.  Hie  collectors  of 
Somerset  and  of  Middlesex  were  similarly  restrained  but 
were  also  empowered  to  imprison  bailiffs,  constables,  sub¬ 
collectors  and  jurors  who  had  proved  remiss  in  assisting 
them.3  Difficulties  in  Essex  were  continuous,  while  Nor¬ 
folk  and  Stafford  are  added  to  the  list  of  troublesome 
counties.4  The  over-zeal  of  the  Essex  collectors  was  not 

1  “  Ac  iam  intelleximus  ”  is  usually  the  reason  alleged  for  the  addi¬ 
tional  mandate. 

2 Pat.,  23,  pt.  3,  m.  10  d,  2  Jan.;  “  De  capiendo  seruitores  qui  soluere 
recusant  quintamdecimamT  The  first  portion  merely  summarizes  the 
second  ordinance;  cf.  Cal.,  viii,  456-457. 

r‘  App.,  261-262. 

*Orig.,  24,  m.  16,  “  De  decima  et  quintadecima  pro  operariis;' '  Essex, 
8  Nov.;  Norfolk,  18  Dec.;  Stafford,  20  Dec. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


103 


entirely  disinterested;  when  the  court  of  king’s  bench 
met  at  Chelmsford  in  the  autumn  of  1351,  Edmund  de 
Northtoft,  referred  to  as  collector  1  and  also  as  justice  stir 
laborers,  was  indicted  for  extorting  from  labourers  during 
the  year  1350  large  sums  which  he  had  appropriated  to  his 
own  use  instead  of  paying  in  aid  of  the  subsidy.2  A  similar 
charge  is  brought  and  substantiated  against  de  Sutton, 
described  as  appointed  to  collect  the  subsidy  and  to  inquire 
into  the  matter  of  illegal  wages.3  This  explicit  statement 
of  the  double  set  of  duties  belonging  to  the  collectors  shows 
how  inevitable  must  have  been  the  conflicts  between  them 
and  the  justices  of  labourers,  in  the  counties  where  the 
latter  were  acting.4  Examples  occur  in  Northampton  and 
Leicester;  in  June,  1350,  on  complaint  of  the  taxpayers,3 
the  justices  appointed  to  enforce  the  ordinance  of  labourers, 
are  accused  of  planning  to  send  directly  into  the  exchequer 
both  the  “  excess  ”  and  the  fines  levied  on  labourers  con¬ 
victed  before  them,  instead  of  turning  over  the  “  excess  " 
to  the  subcollectors  according  to  agreement.6  A  writ  to 
the  justices  orders  the  distinction  to  be  observed;  the  “ex¬ 
cess  ”  is  to  go  in  aid  of  the  subsidy,  but  the  fines  directly 
to  the  crown,  ut  est  justum. 7  As  late  as  1357,  there  is 
evidence  that  the  crown  is  still  trying  to  collect  “  fines,  issues 
and  amercements  ”  before  justices  of  labourers  in  Dorset 
for  the  24th  year,  “  excess  ”  being  distinctly  omitted  and 
presumably  having  already  gone  to  the  subsidy.8  The  few 

1  He  was  collector  for  Essex  in  1349  and  1350;  cf .  references  to  Orig. , 
p.  100,  note  3,  supra. 

*App.,  265-268.  3App.,  264-265. 

4  Either  under  a  joint  commission  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers  or 
under  a  separate  commission  for  labourers;  see  pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  1. 

5“  Sicut  ex  populari  conquestione  nobis  datur  intelligi.” 

f>“  Concordiam  supradictam,”  i.  e.,  as  stated  in  the  second  ordinance. 

7  For  the  reference,  cf.  p.  11,  note  5. 

8  For  the  reference,  cf.  p.  11,  note  3. 


104  ENFORCEMENT  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

commissions  for  enforcing  the  ordinance  of  labourers  that 
are  enrolled  for  this  period  all  contain  some  reference  to  the 
application  of  the  excess  to  the  subsidy;  1  in  the  separate 
commissions  for  labourers  issued  for  Lindsey  and  Suffolk, 
a  careful  line  is  drawn  between  the  powers  of  the  justices 
of  labourers  and  those  of  the  collectors,  while  in  the  other 
cases  the  justices  are  empowered  to  inquire  as  to  whether 
the  collectors  have  carried  out  their  instructions  for  the 
assessment  and  collection  of  the  “  excess.” 

From  this  evidence;  certain  definite  conclusions  may  be 
drawn :  it  is  clear  that  for  nine  counties,  at  least,  there  was 
a  vigorous  attempt  to  apply  the  “  excess  ”  in  aid  of  the 
subsidy ;  and  since  no  provisions  are  recorded  as  to  methods 
of  accounting  it  is  probably  a  fair  inference  that  in  other 
cases  also  the  total  tax  included  such  “  excess;”  but  it  is,  of 
course,  impossible  to  make  any  estimate  as  to  the  amount. 
It  is  to  be  recalled  that  the  number  of  appointments  of 
justices  of  labourers  for  this  period  is  too  few  to  explain 
the  statement  in  the  preamble  to  the  statute  that  commis¬ 
sions  were  issued  for  each  county ;  since  the  collectors  were 
to  assess  as  well  as  to  levy  the  penalties  technically  known 
as  the  “  excess  ”  it  is  more  than  probable  that  the  statement 
applies  to  them  and  that  the  council  intended  that  they 
should  have  a  large  part  of  the  burden  of  the  enforcement 
of  the  wages  and  price  clauses  of  the  ordinance  of  labourers 
and  that  the  justices  should  be  responsible  to  the  crown  for 
all  other  forms  of  penalties,  amercements,  fines  etc.  imposed 
under  the  ordinance.2  The  clumsy  division  of  power  be¬ 
tween  the  two  sets  of  officials,  the  lack  of  specific  provisions 
as  to  their  relation,  the  absence  of  definite  instructions  as 

1  Pages  10-13.  From  this  statement  the  commission  for  Durham 
must  be  excepted. 

2  Page  13. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


105 


to  accounting  and,  finally,  the  determination  of  the  crown 
to  insist  on  the  differentiation  in  the  money  penalties,  are 
striking  elements  of  weakness  in  the  measure,  and  show  that 
the  second  ordinance,  like  the  first,  was  inadequate  on  the 
administrative  side. 

The  re-enactment  of  the  substance  of  the  council’s  scheme 
by  the  statute  of  February,  1351,  when  there  was  only  one 
more  payment  of  the  grant  to  be  made,  represents  a  belated 
attempt  to  remedy  these  administrative  defects  and  also 
embodies,  at  the  urgent  petition  of  the  commons,  a  further 
concession  of  revenue  by  the  crown :  it  is  now  specified  that 
fines  as  well  as  “  excess  ”  shall  go  in  aid  of  the  sub¬ 
sidy;  that  all  the  penalties  are  to  be  assessed  by  justices  to 
be  appointed  under  the  act,  that  the  estreats  shall  be  de¬ 
livered  by  them  to  the  collectors  by  a  system  of  indentures, 
so  that  the  latter  may  be  called  to  account  at  the  exchequer ; 
the  penalties  are  to  be  levied  by  the  collectors  and  are  to  go 
in  aid  of  the  districts  in  which  they  were  imposed,  but  if  in 
any  place  the  total  exceeds  the  tax,  the  surplus  is  to  go  to 
the  next  poorest  district;  with  the  cessation  of  this  sub¬ 
sidy,  the  penalties  are  to  go  to  the  king  and  be  accounted  for 
by  the  sheriff.1  At  the  eleventh  hour  of  the  grant,  it  is 
not  surprising  that  the  more  carefully  worked  out  scheme 
failed  to  have  much  result;  the  subsidy  accounts  are  still 
silent,  but  on  the  Memoranda  Rolls  there  are  two  important 
actions  brought  against  the  collectors  of  Surrey,2  and  of 
Gloucester,3  on  the  ground  of  failure  to  distribute  the 

*App.,  16.  The  form  of  the  commission  in  the  full  list  issued  as  a 
result  of  the  statute  (app.,  23)  still  includes  the  same  clause  as  to  the 
relations  between  justices  and  collectors  that  had  appeared  in  the  com¬ 
missions  of  the  first  period;  one  would  have  expected  some  modifica¬ 
tion  of  it. 

2  App.,  262-264. 

3  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  32,  Mich.,  Fines,  rot.  2,  Gloucester;  on  30  March 


106  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


penalties  ;  in  both  instances  the  distribution  is  finally  com¬ 
pleted.  The  charges  against  de  Northtoft  previously  re¬ 
ferred  to  include  also  indictments  for  the  year  1351 ;  1  he 
is  accused  in  several  districts  in  Essex  of  exacting  penalties 
from  labourers  and,  nevertheless,  of  levying  the  total  amount 
of  the  subsid}^  evidently  not  giving  the  taxpayer  the  benefit 
of  the  “  allowances." 

Although  only  a  partial  measure  of  success  can  be  attrib¬ 
uted  to  the  council’s  attempt  to  lessen  the  pressure  of  taxa¬ 
tion,  the  experiment  had  at  least  shown  the  commons  where 
hope  of  relief  lay.  When  the  next  opportunity  came,  fore¬ 
warned  by  the  previous  difficulties,  they  were  ready  to  re¬ 
peat  the  experiment,  with  a  completeness  as  to  details  which 
left  little  room  for  failure. 

B.  The  tenth  and  fifteenth  of  1352 
Within  a  few  months  the  opportunity  came.  In  the 
second  parliament  of  the  25th  year,  which  met  on  13  Janu¬ 
ary,  1 352, 2  the  chief-justice,  on  the  ground  of  the  war  with 
France,  asked  for  another  subsidy;  in  response,  the  com¬ 
mons  complained  of  their  great  impoverishment  owing  to 
the  late  deadly  pestilence  and  to  the  weight  of  past  taxes," 

(therefore  after  the  enactment  of  the  statute)  the  collectors  against 
whom  this  charge  is  brought  had  received  the  now  familiar  additional 
instructions  of  the  second  ordinance:  ‘‘Quod  excessus  salariorum 
seruientum  leuetur  ad  opus  Regis,”  enrolled  in  Orig.,  25,  m.  3.  The 
list  of  collectors  here  referred  to  is  slightly  different  from  that  of  the 
previous  summer;  see  supra,  p.  100,  note  3. 

1  App. ,  267.  The  long  process  against  him  in  the  exchequer  for  failure 
to  account  as  collector  contains  no  reference  to  the  subject  of  the  “  ex¬ 
cess.” 

’The  session  lasted  till  11  Feb.,  thus  running  into  the  26th  year,  see 
list  in  app.,  8. 

5 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  237;  Jessopp,  Coming  of  the  Friars,  255-257,  writes: 
“The  Commons  were  quite  equal  to  making  the  most  of  any  calamity 
that  occurred.” 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


107 


but  in  view  of  the  king’s  necessity  they  granted  him  a  trien¬ 
nial  tenth  and  fifteenth  to  be  paid  at  Easter  and  Michaelmas, 
1352,  53,  and  54,1  making  the  stipulation,  however,  that  all 
forms  of  money  penalties  under  the  statutes  of  labourers, 
fines,  “  excess,”  issues  and  amercements,  including  those  al¬ 
ready  collected,  should  be  allowed  them  in  aid  of  the  tax.2 
The  king  agreed  to  the  condition  for  the  period  of  the 
grant  but  in  modification  of  the  provision  in  the  statute  that 
the  penalties  should  go  to  the  districts  where  they  had  been 
imposed,  he  insisted  that  they  should  be  distributed  among 
the  districts  according  to  their  relative  needs.3 

The  abundance  of  data  in  existence  as  to  the  result  of 
this  second  experiment  makes  possible  a  detailed  account, 
and  furnishes  a  vast  amount  of  information  on  the  relation 
of  the  statutes  of  labourers  to  the  life  of  the  times.4 

1  Rot.  Part.,  ii,  237b:  “  Et  puis  apres  Ionge  trete  et  deliberation  eues 
par  les  Communes  ove  la  Communalte,  et  l’avis  d’ascuns  des  Grantz  a 
eux  envoiez,  .  .  .  si  vindrent  les  dites  Communes  devant  notre  Seignur 
le  Roi  et  touz  les  Grantz  en  Parlement  .  .  .  .” 

2 Ibid.,  238a:  “  C’este  la  forme  du  Grante  de  trois  Dismes  et  Quin- 
zismes  grantees  a  notre  Seignur  le  Roi  ore  en  cest  present  Parlement 
par  les  Grantz  du  Roialme  et  par  tote  la  Commune  .  .  .  sur  la  Condi¬ 
tion  que  ensuyt  .  .  .  .” 

The  commission  to  the  collectors  (app.,  269)  refers  to  the  application 
of  the  penalties  as  granted  by  the  king,  “ad  requisicionem  eiusdem 
communitatis  de  assensu  prelatorum,  ducum,  comitum,  et  baronum." 
Many  years  later,  the  grant  is  described  as  made  by  the  king,  “par 
avisement  de  son  bone  Counseill  ”  (Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  409b);  the  first  state¬ 
ment  is  probably  nearer  the  truth. 

3 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  238a:  “  II  plest  a  notre  Seignur  le  Roi  &  a  les  Grantz 
de  la  terre  que  la  Commune  eit  touz  les  fyns,  amerciements,  &  issues, 
forfaitz  des  ditz  laborers  &  artificers,  contenuz  en  l’Estatut  fait  au  dar¬ 
rein  Parlement,  en  eide  de  lour  Disme  et  Quinzisme  durant  le  temps 
des  dites  Dismes  et  Quinzismes  triennales;  sauves  a  chescun  Seignur 
lour  fraunchises  sanz  nulle  emblemissement.  Et  l’entent  notre  Seignur 
le  Roi  &  de  son  Conseil  est,  que  ceste  Eide  soit  en  oeps  des  Povres  des 
Villes  &  lieux  gastes,  et  autres  qi  plus  de  meister  en  ont,  par  avis  des 
Justices  a  ceo  assignez.” 

4  For  an  account  of  the  manuscript  sources,  see  app.,  255-258;  312-314. 


108  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


(a)  System  of  collection  and  distribution  of  the  penal¬ 
ties. — Not  only  have  the  commons  been  explicit  in  their  de¬ 
mands  that  all  possible  penalties  under  the  statutes  should 
be  granted  to  them,  —  in  contradistinction  to  the  council’s 
former  limitation  to  the  “  excess,” — but  they  are  resolved 
that  the  officials  concerned  in  carrying  out  the  measure  shall 
have  specific  instructions  as  to  ways  and  means.  There¬ 
fore,  during  the  same  session  of  parliament,  the  commons 
drew  up,  in  the  guise  of  a  petition  to  the  king  and  the  mag¬ 
nates,  comprehensive  and  detailed  directions  for  the  actual 
collection  and  distribution  of  the  penalties.1  This  petition 
is  granted  and  a  copy 2 3  is  sent  to  the  collectors  in  each 
county,  together  with  their  commission;  the  latter  now  in¬ 
cludes  a  reference  to  the  concession  as  to  the  penalties  and 
states  that  they  are  to  be  levied  iuxta  formam  nobis  in  dicto 
parliamento  per  dictam  communitatem  liberatam  et  per  nos 
acceptatam  quam  vobis  mittimus .s  The  method  prescribed 

1  Including  a  request  for  the  appointment  in  parliament  of  separate 
commissions  for  labourers;  cf.  p.  27. 

2  The  petition  is  not  given  in  Rot.  Pari.,  but  appears  in  Statutes  of 
the  Realm  as  a  statute  of  the  25th  year  printed  from  a  British  Museum 
manuscript.  A  copy  or  perhaps  the  original  draft,  exists  on  a  detached 
membrane  among  Miscellanea  of  the  Exchequer.  4/39,  and  the  docu¬ 
ment  is  likewise  enrolled  on  the  Memoranda  Rolls,  L.  T.  R.,  imme¬ 
diately  following  the  enrollment  of  the  commission  to  the  collectors; 
app.,  271.  In  the  Colchester  case  referred  to,  p.  130,  it  is  spoken  of  as 
“  ordinacionem  .  .  .  per  consilium  Regis  factam.” 

3  For  the  commission  of  the  first  year,  see  app.,  268-271,  and  also 
Orig.,  26,  m.  27,  25  Feb.;  Anglia,  “  De  decima  et  quintadecima  per 
laicos  concessis.”  For  the  second  and  third  years,  cf.  ibid.,  27,  m.  25, 
26  Jan.,  and  28,  m.  29,  26  Jan. 

Gasquet,  The  Great  Pestilence,  197,  referring  to  the  Originalia  enroll¬ 
ment  of  the  26th  year,  conveys  the  impression  that  this  document  is  the 
grant  of  the  penalties  instead  of  making  clear  that  it  is  merely  the  com¬ 
mission  issued  as  a  result  of  the  grant.  His  two  other  references  to 
the  Originalia,  on  the  disregard  of  the  ordinance,  26,  m.  25  (on  p.  198), 
and  the  inability  of  the  justices  to  levy  the  penalties,  27,  m.  19  (on  p. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


109 


in  the  “  form  ”  is  as  follows:  the  justices  of  labourers  in 
each  county,  at  the  end  of  the  session,  in  the  presence  of  the 
collectors  and  of  the  most  distinguished  knights  and  Ser¬ 
jeants  of  the  county,  shall  certify  to  the  total  sum  of  the  pro¬ 
ceeds  of  the  session;  representatives  from  each  hundred 
shall  be  chosen  to  make  sworn  reports  as  to  the  relative 
impoverishment  of  each  district;  on  the  basis  of  these  re¬ 
ports,  the  joint  committee,  composed  of  all  the  above,  shall 
apportion  this  total  in  such  a  manner  that  each  district 
according  to  its  needs  shall  be  “allowed”  a  share;  the 
collectors  shall  then  receive  the  estreats  from  the  justices 
by  a  system  of  indented  receipts  and  shall  proceed  to  levy 
the  penalties  as  scheduled,  and  to  collect  in  each  district  the 
difference  between  the  amount  of  the  tax  as  originally  as¬ 
sessed  and  the  amount  “  allowed  ”  to  it  in  penalties  by  the 
committee  of  apportionment.  In  accordance  with  the  re¬ 
troactive  clause  of  the  measure,  it  is  specified  that  arrears 
of  penalties  not  already  paid  in  aid  of  the  grant  of  1348, 
and  also  all  penalties  imposed  during  the  gap  between  the 
two  grants,  shall  go  towards  the  present  subsidy;  1  and 
that  any  estreats  already  received  at  the  exchequer  shall 
be  now  delivered  to  the  collectors.2 

197),  I  have  been  unable  to  find.  As  my  book  goes  to  the  press  Gas- 
quet’s  new  edition  reaches  me  but  proves  to  contain  the  same  errors. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  in  the  earlier  experiment  the  commis¬ 
sions  to  collectors  had  not  mentioned  the  statutes  of  labourers  but  had 
been  followed  by  a  supplementary  series  of  writs;  cf.  p.  100. 

1  “  Tut  le  Profit  provenant  des  fyns,  issues,  amerciments  et  excesses 
levez,  et  a  levers  ”  {Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  238a)  becomes  in  the  “  form  ”  “toutz 
les  fynes  .  .  .  que  sount  ou  serount  leuez  ou  prises  des  laborers  .  .  . 
de  la  feste  du  Pasche  drayne  passe  tanques  a  dreyn  terme  du  payement 
des  dismes  et  quinzismes  susditz  ”  and  is  then  followed  by  the  provision 
for  arrears.  It  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  triennial  of  1348  had  ex¬ 
pired  at  Easter,  1351. 

2  After  the  end  of  the  grant  of  1348,  process  had  been  begun  by  the 


I  io  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


in  spite  of  the  care  exercised  by  the  commons  to  provide 
for  every  contingency,  there  are  two  instances  where 
further  general  instructions  prove  necessary.  As  a  result 
of  complaints  to  the  court  of  exchequer  of  embezzlement 
of  the  penalties  per  diuersos  ministros  Regis,  it  is  provided 
that  the  justices  of  labourers,  in  addition  to  the  delivery  of 
their  estreats  to  the  collectors,  shall  send  duplicates  to  the 
exchequer  and  it  is  explicitly  declared  that  the  collectors 
must  account  at  the  exchequer  for  levying  the  penalties  in 
aid  of  the  communities  in  accordance  with  the  estreats ;  but 
they  are  reminded  that  whatever  has  not  been  levied  at  the 
time  of  the  expiration  of  the  subsidy  shall  go  directly  to  the 
king.1  It  is  to  be  noted  that  this  additional  safeguard  for 
accounting  is  offered  as  an  amendment  to  the  provision  of 
the  statute  of  labourers  for  the  disposition  of  the  penalties, 
instead  of  to  the  provision  of  the  grant  of  1352;  it  is,  there¬ 
fore,  clear  that  the  clause  in  the  statute,  while  apparently 
intended  only  for  the  subsidy  of  1348,  was  held  to  aoply  to 
the  new  subsidy  also;  the  significance  of  this  fact  lies  chiefly 
in  the  method  of  dealing  with  arrears,  as  will  be  seen  later. 

exchequer  against  the  justices  of  labourers  for  the  delivery  of  their  es¬ 
treats  ( cf .  pp.  44,  132);  but  on  9  Feb.,  1352  the  treasurer  reported  the 
new  grant  to  the  barons  and  stopped  the  execution  of  the  writs  against 
the  justices.  Cf.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  26,  Hill.,  Communia,  rot.  5, 
Anglia;  “  De  non  distringendo  iusticiarios  pro  liberacione  extractarum 
de  seruitoribus:"  “Memorandum  quod  Rex  ad  peticionem  communi- 
tatis  regni  in  instanti  parliamento  concessit  eidem  communitati  quod 
omnes  denarios  etc."  The  estreats  for  Essex,  already  delivered,  are 
sent  from  the  exchequer  to  the  collectors  in  accordance  with  a  writ  of 
the  great  seal  dated  2  March  addressed  to  the  treasurer  and  barons,  and 
enrolled  in  Mem.  K.  R.,  26,  Pasch.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  1;  “  Pro  Leone 
de  Bradenham  et  Iohanne  de  Depeden."  Similarly,  the  estreats  for 
Dorset  are  sent  to  the  collectors;  Mem.  K.  R.,  26,  Hill.,  Breu.  Baron., 
rot.  28,  “  Pro  communitate  comitatus  Dorset." 

1  App.,  273-275.  An  action  was  brought  against  the  Derby  justices 
for  the  delivery  of  their  duplicate  estreats;  app.,  281-287. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


III 


The  other  instance  to  be  considered  is  a  question  of  the 
interpretation  of  the  terms  of  the  grant.  The  exchequer  had 
refused  to  permit  the  collectors  in  Buckinghamshire  to  in¬ 
clude  in  their  allowances  to  that  county  the  penalties  under 
the  statutes  of  labourers  imposed  by  the  justices  of  the  court 
of  king’s  bench;  on  complaint  of  the  collectors,  the  king 
issued  a  writ  to  the  treasurer  and  barons  informing  them 
that  penalties  under  the  statutes  of  labourers  imposed  by 
all  justices,  whatever  the  court,  belonged  to  the  communi¬ 
ties  in  aid  of  the  subsidy.1 

From  this  summary  of  the  specific  instructions  given  to 
the  officials  concerned  with  this  grant,  it  is  easy  to  see  that 
the  second  experiment  has  remedied  all  the  obvious  elements 
of  weakness  of  the  council’s  measure,2  and,  by  greater  ex¬ 
plicitness  as  to  the  administrative  details,  marks  an  advance 
also  over  the  provisions  of  the  statute  of  labourers.  Leav¬ 
ing  for  a  later  section  the  discussion  of  cases  of  actual  mis¬ 
appropriation  by  officials  and  also  of  the  relation  of  the 
amount  of  the  penalties  to  the  amount  of  the  tax,  the  prac¬ 
tical  working  of  the  scheme  must  now  be  examined  as  it  is 
revealed  in  the  original  accounts  of  collectors  and  justices 
and  in  documents  connected  with  these  accounts,  and  also  in 
the  various  exchequer  enrollments.3 

The  normal  sequence  of  events  in  each  county  is  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  the  total  amount  of  the  profits  arising  from  the  ses¬ 
sions  of  the  justices  of  labourers  is  ascertained,4  and  then 

rApp.,  275-276;  328-329.  The  exceedingly  large  amount  of  the  pen¬ 
alties  in  this  county  is  perhaps  explained  by  this  decision.  It  is  to  be 
noted  that  arrears  are  included;  the  list  goes  back  to  Easter  term,  1349, 
evidently  an  error,  as  the  ordinance  was  not  proclaimed  until  June  of 
that  year. 

2  See  preceding  section,  pp.  104-105. 

3  See  app.,  255-258;  312-314,  for  an  account  of  these  documents. 

4  To  this  total  must  be  added  the  sum  of  the  penalties  from  the  two 
upper  courts. 


1 12  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


before  the  joint  committee  can  proceed  to  make  the  appor¬ 
tionment,  the  sum  due  as  salaries  to  the  justices  is  sub¬ 
tracted  from  this  total,1  in  accordance  with  writs  under  the 
great  seal  to  the  collectors  bidding  them  pay  these  salaries 
at  a  specified  rate  per  day.2  The  collectors  receive  receipts 
from  the  justices  which  they  show  when  rendering  their  ac¬ 
count  at  the  exchequer.3  In  cases  where  the  total  penalties 
are  only  just  enough  for  the  salaries,4  or  do  not  even  cover 
these,5  the  communities  can,  of  course,  receive  nothing; 
when,  however,  there  is  a  surplus  beyond  the  salaries,  the 
apportionment  is  made  on  the  oath  of  the  collectors  and 
twenty-five  or  thirty  elected  representatives  from  the  county, 
and  with  the  advice  or  the  assent  of  the  justices,6  acting  on 
the  reported  needs  of  the  various  districts.  The  resulting 
schedule  states  the  exact  amount  that  each  district  is  to  re¬ 
ceive  in  penalties  and  is  turned  over  to  the  collectors  to- 

*See  app.,  325-326,  and  also  p.  45. 

’Only  the  first  series  of  these  writs  appear  on  the  Close  Rolls;  for  an 
account  of  them,  see  p.  18,  note  2,  and  p.  46.  The  original  writs  to 
the  collectors  and  their  receipts  from  the  justices  exist  for  Derby  and 
for  Herts.;  app.,  276-277,  and  Lay  Subs.,  120/31  and  120/32,  Herts. 

3 E.  g .,  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  29,  Hill.,  Status  et  visus  compotorum,  rot.  1, 
Essex:  “.  .  .  de  quibus  (i.  e.,  the  total  penalties)  dicunt  se  soluisse 
iusticiariis  pro  vadiis  suis  de  dicto  tercio  anno  xl  li.  per  breuia  super 
hunc  visum  ostensa  .  .  .  .”  Cf.  also  “pro  feodis  suis  per  duo  breuia 
Regis  et  duas  acquietancias  ipsorum  iusticiariorum  separatim  de  recep- 
cione;”  app.,  303. 

K  Derby,  third  collection;  app.,  335;  Rutland,  third  collection;  no  ac¬ 
count  of  penalties  “  eo  quod  nichil  excedit  vltra  vadia  iusticiariorum, 
sicut  continetur  in  compoto  suo  de  huiusmodi  Ambus;”  Enrolled 
Subs.,  14. 

6 Holland  (Line.),  third  collection,  “denarii  in  extractis  predictis  col- 
lectoribus  per  iusticiarios  huiusmodi  servientium  liberatis  non  sufficiunt 
ad  vadia  iusticiariorum  solvenda;”  Enrolled  Subs.,  14;  ibid. ,  Surrey, 
first  collection,  the  same  excuse,  but  for  further  information  on  this 
case,  cf.  pp.  1 23-1 24. 

6 See  app.,  323-326;  356-358,  for  examples. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


1 13 

gether  with  a  copy  of  the  estreats  for  which  they  give  re¬ 
ceipts  to  the  justices,  while  a  duplicate  copy  is  sent  by 
the  latter  to  the  exchequer.  The  collectors  now  pass  on 
to  the  subcollectors  in  each  district  (who  are  often  the  con¬ 
stables),  the  estreats  of  the  penalties  imposed  in  that  dis¬ 
trict,  together  with  the  memorandum  of  the  amount  “  al¬ 
lowed  ”  it  in  penalties  by  the  committee  of  apportionment. 
It  is  evident  that  each  district  might  receive  as  an  allow¬ 
ance  the  exact  sum  to  be  levied  on  it  in  penalties;  in  this 
case,  the  subcollectors’  task  is  to  collect  the  penalties  and 
the  difference  between  their  amount  and  that  of  the  tax,  so 
that  the  total  to  be  raised  by  them  is  no  greater  than  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  original  assessment;  but  it  is  equally  evident 
that  with  the  plan  of  giving  most  aid  to  the  neediest  dis¬ 
tricts,  the  subcollectors,  while  sometimes  receiving  a  larger 
sum  of  penalties  than  they  had  been  forced  to  collect,  might 
also  have  to  levy  a  larger  sum  than  would  be  “  allowed 
their  district,  and  thus  would  have  additional  labour  with 
no  corresponding  benefit.  The  Colchester  case,  which  will 
be  referred  to  later,  is  an  excellent  example  of  the  friction 
naturally  arising  from  such  a  situation.1 

The  existence  of  several  of  the  original  schedules  of  pen¬ 
alties  imposed  by  the  justices  2  (probably  the  duplicates 
called  for  by  the  exchequer)  makes  possible  a  direct  com¬ 
parison  with  the  memoranda  of  apportionment  and  seems 
to  warrant  the  inference  that  the  simpler  method  of  the 
statute  was  the  more  usual ;  that  is,  the  “  allowance  ”  to 
each  district  normally  equalled  the  sum  imposed  in  penalties 
within  that  district. 

After  receiving  from  the  subcollectors  the  quota  due 
from  them,  the  collectors  make  up  their  accounts  in  vari¬ 
ous  ways.  Very  often  they  give  the  amount  of  the  tax, 


1  See  p.  130. 


2App.,  332-334;  338;  361. 


1 14  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

district  by  district,  and  then,  after  the  total,  add  a  formula 
which  varies  in  details,  but  is  substantially  as  follows :  infra 
quas  summas  continentur  ....  (figures)  de  finibus,  exitibus 
ct  amerciamentis  seruientium  et  operariorum,  sicnt  mem  or - 
atnr  in  quodam  rotnlo  rotulis  de  particulis  huius  compoti 
consutod  The  additional  rotulus ,  when  in  existence  (it 
lias  often  disappeared),  shows  the  share  of  penalties  re¬ 
ceived  by  each  district,  and  is  either  in  the  form  of  the  ori¬ 
ginal  memorandum  of  apportionment 2  or  of  a  schedule  of 
the  amount  of  the  estreats  delivered  to  each  set  of  sub- 
collectors  ; 3  sometimes  the  two  sets  of  figures,  tax  and 
penalties,  appear  on  consecutive  membranes,  with  no  dis¬ 
tinct  rotulusd  Very  commonly,  however,  on  the  mem¬ 
brane  containing  the  tax  account,  the  collectors  add,  op¬ 
posite  to  the  amount  of  the  tax  for  each  district,  a  formula 
somewhat  as  follows:  inde  de  Xma  et  XVma  .  .  .  . 
(figures),  de  excessu  laborariorum  .  .  .  (figures).5  In 
accounting  at  the  exchequer  for  the  tax  and  for  the  penal¬ 
ties  the  collectors  must  show  receipts  from  the  justices  for 
payment  of  their  salaries  and  also  from  the  subcollectors 
for  the  distribution  of  the  penalties ;  several  bundles  of  both 
types  of  receipts  are  in  existence.0  Thus,  an  action  is 
brought  against  the  collectors  of  the  West  Riding,  because 
in  accounting  for  the  distribution  of  large  sums  of  penalties, 
they  had  shown  no  acquittances ;  they  finally  produce  in  court 
449  receipts  signed  by  constables  and  various  others,  which 

‘In  collectors’  accounts,  both  original  and  enrolled,  passim. 

2  App.,  323-324;  355-  3  App.,  322-323;  347-348. 

*  App.,  340-342. 

5 App.,  349.  In  one  case  the  following  system  is  used:  sum  of  the 
penalties,  6d.;  sum  of  the  tax,  24s.;  “  et  sic  deficiunt  ”  23s.  6d.  Cf. 
app.,  361. 

fiFor  the  first,  cf.  p.  112,  note  2,  and  for  the  second,  see  app.,  334- 
335,  and  342-34 3- 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


1  x5 

are  not  accepted  as  valid  until  investigated  by  a  commission 
of  the  exchequer.1  If  the  collectors  are  not  able  to  an¬ 
swer  for  the  penalties,  they  add  at  the  end  of  their  accounts 
a  sworn  statement  as  to  the  reason;  the  justices  had  failed 
to  make  the  apportionment,2  or  had  held  no  sessions,3  or 
had  delivered  the  estreats  too  late,4  or  very  frequently  had 
not  delivered  them  at  all.5  It  will  appear  later  that  the 
collectors  must  often  be  accused  of  perjury;  but  occasion¬ 
ally  it  is  the  justices  who,  on  being  summoned  before  the 
exchequer,  admit  that  they  have  been  the  delinquents.6 

1  See  p.  1 19,  note  1,  for  reference. 

sLay  Subs.,  77/20,  Bucks.,  third  collection:  the  justices  “  sessionem 
suam  super  ordinacione  et  avisamento  inter  eos  (z.  <?.,  collectors)  et 
alios  de  communitate  eiusdem  comitatus  ad  distribuendum  particulariter 
per  villatas,  civitates  et  burgos  comitatus  predicti  iuxta  formam,  vim  et 
effectum  statuti  inde  editi  in  auxilium  xvme  et  xmc  predictarum  nondum 
fecerunt  in  comitatu  predicto,  vt  dicunt  super  sacramentum  suum.” 

3  Lay  Subs.,  90/16,  Cumberland,  first  collection:  “  Iusticiarii  de  huius- 
modi  servientibus,  operariis  et  artificibus  in  comitatu  predicto  non  sed¬ 
erunt.” 

4  Enrolled  Subs.,  14,  Worcester,  first  collection:  “  Extracte  iusticiar- 
iorum  huiusmodi  operariorum,  seruientium  et  artificum  eis  die  Lune 
proximo  post  festum  Purificacionis  beate  Marie  anno  xxvii0  per  iusticiar- 
ios  liberate  fuerunt  quod  propter  breuitatem  temporis  nichil  inde  leuare 
potuerunt,  vt  dicit  per  sacramentum  suum.” 

5Lay  Subs.,  103/27,  Dorset,  first  collection:  “  Infra quas  summas  non 
respondent  de  aliquibus  denariis  provenientibus  de  finibus,  amercia- 
mentis  operariorum  pro  excessu  eo  quod  iusticiarii  Regis  in  hoc  comi¬ 
tatu  nullas  extractas  dictis  collectoribus  inde  liberauerunt  nec  iidem  col- 
lectores  quicquam  leuauerunt,  ut  dicunt  per  sacramentum  suum.” 

6Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  28,  Hill.,  Recorda,  rot.  3,  “De  collectoribus  se- 
cundi  anni  solucionis  xvme  et  xme  in  Northrydyng  allocutis  de  finibus 
operariorum;”  the  justice  admits  that  he  had  failed  to  deliver  the  es¬ 
treats.  Ibid.,  28,  Hill.,  Presentaciones,  rot.  2  d,  Lindsey  (Line.), 
De  die  dato;  Skipwith  “presens  hie  in  curia”  admits  that  he  and  his 
companions  had  not  delivered  the  estreats  to  the  collectors;  therefore 
the  latter  are  “sine  die.”  Ibid.,  29,  Trin.,  Recorda,  rot.  8  d,  New- 
castle-on-Tyne;  the  same  statement  is  made.  For  the  case  of  London, 
cf.  pp.  136-137. 


I 1 6  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


Their  duplicate  estreats,  too,  are  not  always  forthcoming” 
and  are  sometimes  obtained  only  as  the  result  of  exchequer 
action  extending  over  a  number  of  years.1 

Even  if  the  collectors  were  zealous  in  the  performance 
of  their  duties,  it  is  easy  to  see  that  a  system  involving  the 
ready  cooperation  of  so  many  different  sets  of  officials, 
would  not  always  work  smoothly.  Possible  reasons  for  lax¬ 
ity  on  the  part  of  subcollectors  have  already  been  mentioned ; 
the  justices  of  labourers  have  sometimes  proved  remiss  in 
holding  their  sessions  or  in  delivering  their  estreats;  and  in 
several  cases  the  collectors’  excuse  for  not  levying  the 
penalties  is  that  the  sheriff  and  his  subordinates  had  not  as¬ 
sisted  them.2  In  view  of  all  these  difficulties,  and  also  of 
the  fact  that  the  payment  of  the  full  amount  of  the  tax 
could  not,  of  course,  be  delayed,  it  is  evident  that,  even  not 
including  cases  of  actual  embezzlement  by  the  collectors, 
there  would  be  frequent  instances  of  arrears  of  penalties. 

Without  here  raising  the  question  as  to  whether  the  ar¬ 
rears  are  due  to  actual  dishonesty  on  the  part  of  any  official, 
the  exchequer  method  of  dealing  with  them  must  now  be 
examined,  first  of  all  during  the  period  when  the  subsidy 
was  still  running.  If,  for  a  given  collection,  the  justices 
have  been  dilatory  as  to  their  estreats,  they  are  ordered  by 

1  App.,  281-287,  referred  to  on  p.  no,  note  1,  supra. 

2 Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  28,  Mich.,  Breu.  Ret.,  d,  Hunts.;  the  coroners  are 
ordered  to  distrain  the  sheriff  on  the  ground  that  “  vicecomes  et  minis- 
tri  sui  non  sunt  intendentes  eisdem  collectoribus  ”  in  levying  the  pen¬ 
alties.  Ibid.,  28,  Pasch.,  Recorda,  rot.  8;  De  quadam  summonicione 
restituta  per  collectores  secundi  anni  solucionis  xme  in  cornitatu  Dors’; 
and  ibid. ,  29,  Pasch.,  Breu.  Ret.,  rot.  2  d,  Dorset;  the  coroners  are 
ordered  to  distrain  the  sheriff,  John  de  Palton,  on  the  ground  that  he 
had  not  done  his  duty  in  levying  the  penalties.  Ibid.,  29,  Mich.,  Breu. 
Ret.,  Shropshire;  the  king’s  serjeant-at-arms  is  ordered  to  attach  the 
collectors  because  the  sheriff  had  failed  to  return  the  writ.  Cf.  also  p. 
1 1 7,  note  7  for  another  instance  of  a  delinquent  sheriff  and  p.  137. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


ll? 


writ  of  the  treasurer  (sometimes  at  the  urgent  request  of 
the  collectors  themselves)  1  to  deliver  them  to  the  collectors 
of  the  following  year ; 2  if  the  collectors  in  accounting  prove 
to  have  estreats  which  they  confess  not  to  have  levied,  these 
estreats  are  sent  (also  by  writ  of  the  treasurer)  to  the  next 
set  of  collectors,  who  are  instructed  to  levy  the  penalties  in 
aid  of  their  year  of  the  tax ; 8  if  the  collectors  admit  having 
in  their  possession  some  portion  of  the  penalties  which  they 
had  levied  but  not  distributed,4  two  writs  are  issued  by  the 
treasurer,  one  to  the  aforesaid  collectors  ordering  them  to 
deliver  the  money  to  the  collectors  of  the  following  year, 
and  the  other  to  the  latter  bidding  them  receive  and  distri¬ 
bute  it.5 

The  arrears  of  the  third  year  belong  to  the  period  when 
the  subsidy  had  ceased  to  run;  for  a  few  months  after 
Michaelmas,  13 54, 6  there  are  instances  when  the  collectors 
are  ordered  to  levy  the  penalties  according  to  the  estreats 
and  distribute  them  among  the  needy  districts,7  but  the 

*App.,  287.  2App.,  278.  3App.,279. 

4  In  such  a  case  the  subcollectors  must  have  been  persuaded  to  levy 
penalties  which  were  not  going  to  be  of  any  direct  benefit  in  lessening 
their  labours,  as  they  had  already  collected  the  total  amount  of  the  tax. 

5App.,  279.  In  the  instance  here  given  the  first  order  is  merely  re¬ 
ferred  to. 

6 28th  year;  but  Michaelmas,  29th  year,  in  the  exchequer.  Cf.  app., 
256. 

7  Cf.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  29,  Trin.,  Status  et  visus  compotorum,  rot.  13  d, 
Somerset;  the  collectors  at  this  date,  clearly  after  the  cessation  of  the 
subsidy,  make  the  following  statement  under  oath:  “  debent  xli  s.  ii  d. 
qui  adhuc  restant  leuandi  et  distribuendi  inter  pauperes  villatas  dicti 
comitatus. 

•  •••••••• 

Ideo  de  precepto  curie  prestiterunt  sacramentum  de  leuando  pre- 
dictos  xli  s.  ii  d.  et  eos  distribuendo  inter  villatas  predictas  iuxtaformam 
statuti  etc.,  cum  ea  celeritate  qua  etc.”  Finally,  in  the  spring  of  1359 
indentures  are  delivered  to  the  exchequer  by  one  of  the  collectors,  con¬ 
taining  the  correct  amount;  but  the  process  is  continued  against  the 


1 1 8  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


specification  is  also  made  that  this  is  to  include  only  such 
estreats  as  had  been  delivered  to  the  collectors  previous  to 
Michaelmas,  1354;  3  now  if  the  tax  had  been  already  paid, 
this  is  a  “  rebate  ”  and  not  an  “  allowance  ”  system.2 
There  is,  however,  little  evidence  to  show  that  this  practice 
of  dealing  with  the  arrears  was  usual;  on  the  contrary,  it 
was  plainly  to  the  advantage  of  the  crown  to  interpret  rigidly 
the  terms  of  the  grant  of  the  penalties,  durant  le  temps  des 
dites  Dismes  et  Quinzismes;  3  and,  as  has  been  said,  it  was 
found  possible  to  rule  that  the  clause  of  the  statute  of 
labourers  applied  to  this  subsidy.  Hence,  normally  any 
estreats  in  the  possession  of  collectors  after  Michaelmas, 
1354,  were  to  be  levied  for  the  use  of  the  crown.4  If  money 
had  been  levied  in  penalties  previous  to  Michaelmas,  1354, 
but  was  still  in  the  collectors'  hands,  it  was  claimed  by  the 
crown  with  the  statement  that  the  community  had  an  action 
of  damages  against  the  collectors.5  In  doubtful  cases  it 
had  to  be  proved  that  the  money  had  been  “  allowed  ”  to 
the  community,  previous  to  the  rendering  of  the  final  ac- 


other  collectors  until  the  spring  of  1363  and  only  ceases  then  because  of 
a  new  enactment  on  the  subject  of  the  penalties.  It  appears  that  the 
sheriff  had  been  guilty  of  not  having  distrained  the  collectors  to  answer 
for  the  penalties:  “Idem  vicecomes  (John  de  Ralegh)  presens  hie 
allocutus  et  examinatus  non  dedicit  quin  inuenisse  potuit  predictos 
.  .  .  in  comitatu  predicto  post  recepcionem  dicti  breuis  et  ante  diem 
returni  eiusdem  et  inde  submittit  se  gracie  curie.”  Mem.  L.  T.  R., 
34,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  2;  “  De  vicecomite  amerciato.” 

1  App.,  280. 

2  Cf.  the  case  quoted  supra ,  note  7  and  also  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  29, 
Pasch.,  Status  et  visus  compotorum,  rot.  5,  Worcester;  the  distribution 
of  ^40  of  penalties  is  ordered  in  aid  of  the  tax  of  the  years  26,  27  and 
28.  Mr.  Willard  tells  me  that  the  rebate  system  is  employed  in  the 
grant  of  the  31st  year. 

3  Cf.  supra ,  p.  107,  note  3. 

4  App.,  288-289,  and  p.  no. 


5 App.,  310. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


II9 

count  of  the  tax ;  1  although  apparently  it  was  permissible 
for  the  receipts  from  the  constables  and  subcollectors  to  be 
signed  later.2  This  interpretation,  of  course,  means  that 
all  estreats  not  delivered  to  the  collectors  were  claimed  by 
the  crown.  Perhaps  the  most  noteworthy  instance  of  the 
stringency  with  which  the  exchequer  interpreted  the  statute 
to  the  advantage  of  the  revenue  of  the  crown  is  a  case  in¬ 
volving  deceit  on  the  part  of  the  collectors,  where  it  is  finally 
shown  that  the  community  of  the  county  in  question  had  re¬ 
nounced  its  rights  to  a  share  of  the  penalties  in  favor  of 
extra  payments  to  certain  individuals  who  had  been  zealous 
in  helping  the  collectors  levy  the  tax;  it  is  decided  that 
since  these  individuals  had  not  received  their  bonus  till 
2  January  of  the  28th  year,  after  the  end  of  the  subsidy, 
they  must  refund  it  to  the  crown.3 

The  Memoranda  Rolls  are  full  of  actions  against  collec¬ 
tors  to  compel  them  to  levy  ad  opus  Regis  the  estreats  in 
their  possession,  and  likewise  of  suits  against  justices  of 
labourers  to  force  them  to  send  into  the  exchequer  back 
estreats  that  had  not  been  delivered  to  the  collectors,  in  or¬ 
der  that  they  might  be  levied  by  the  sheriff.  Owing  partly 
to  frequent  laxities  on  the  part  of  sheriffs  in  executing  the 
exchequer’s  writs  of  attachment  and  distraint,4  many  of 
these  cases  drag  on  for  a  number  of  years,  particularly 
those  involving  actual  misappropriation  by  collectors.  The 
annoyance  to  the  exchequer  must  have  been  cumulative  as 
the  years  went  by,  and  the  profit  to  the  crown  was  prob¬ 
ably  not  great;  it  is,  therefore,  not  surprising  that  in  1362,5 
the  crown  resigned  its  claim  to  arrears,  in  favor  of  the 
communities. 

'Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  31,  Trin.,  Recorda,  rot.  6;  York,  W.  R. 

-/bid.  3  App.,  303-305.  i(Tf.  p.  1 16,  note  2. 

3 Statutes,  36  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  14;  the  immediate  cause  for  the 
change  will  be  touched  on  in  the  next  section. 


1 20  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  ST  A  TUTES  OF  LABO  URERS 


Having  thus  outlined  the  main  features  of  the  working 
of  the  commons’  scheme  to  lessen  the  pressure  of  taxa¬ 
tion,  it  is  necessary  to  examine  the  attempts  made  by  the 
collectors  to  defraud  the  taxpayers  of  the  relief  held  out  to 
them,  and  then  to  endeavor  to  form  an  estimate  of  the  net 
gains  accruing  to  the  community  in  the  shape  of  allowances. 

(b)  Embezzlement  by  collectors. — Owing  to  the  asser¬ 
tion  by  the  crown  of  its  rights  to  the  arrears  of  penalties, 
the  communities,  as  has  been  shown,1  were  often  deprived 
of  their  share  of  allowances  by  mere  remissness  on  the  part 
of  some  official  or  by  delays  that,  from  the  nature  of  the 
case,  were  inevitable;  it  will  now  appear  that  they  also  suf¬ 
fered  considerable  losses  from  peculation  on  the  part  of  the 
collectors.  The  justices,  having  to  do  only  with  estreats, 
had  few  opportunities  for  misappropriation,2  but  the  col¬ 
lectors,  through  whose  hands  the  money  actually  passed, 
tried  various  methods  of  keeping  it  for  their  own  uses.  In 
view  of  the  thorough  system  for  checking  the  accounts  of 
the  penalties,  it  is  strange  that  they  should  have  expected  to 
escape  detection;  it  seems  almost  as  if  they  reasoned  that, 
with  the  prompt  payment  of  the  full  amount  of  the  tax,  the 
crown’s  income  from  the  subsidy  would  not  be  diminished 
by  the  embezzlement  of  the  penalties  and  that,  therefore, 
the  exchequer  would  not  consider  it  worth  while  to  bring 
actions  against  them.  They  had,  however,  failed  to  count 
on  the  eagerness  of  the  taxpayers  to  secure  their  quota  of 
allowances,  and  on  the  determination  of  the  exchequer  to 
claim  all  penalties  not  actually  turned  over  to  the  communi¬ 
ties  during  the  running  of  the  subsidy.3 

1  See  p.  116. 

2 For  a  few  instances  on  the  part  of  the  justices,  cf.  pt.  i,  ch.  ii,  s.  7; 
in  comparison  with  the  large  number  of  justices  appointed  only  a  small 
number  have  been  proved  corrupt,  but  of  course  there  may  have  been 
undetected  offenses. 

3  See  pp.  118-119. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


121 


It  has  been  said  that  the  collectors  were  often  guilty  of 
perjury  and  the  accusation  must  be  made  good.1  Among 
the  sworn  statements  made  by  the  collectors  at  the  foot  of 
the  tax  accounts  as  excuses  for  not  answering  for  the  penal¬ 
ties,  and  repeated  under  oath  at  the  exchequer  at  the  time 
of  the  rendering  of  the  accounts,  by  far  the  most  common 
is  the  non-delivery  of  the  estreats  by  the  justices.2  Unfor¬ 
tunately  for  the  reputation  of  the  collectors,  the  system  of 
accounting  devised  by  the  commons  and  by  the  exchequer 
prevented  such  an  assertion  from  passing  unchallenged.  It 
is  proved  again  and  again  that  these  unscrupulous  officials 
had  received  the  estreats  and  levied  the  penalties  but  had 
appropriated  the  money  to  themselves,  and  under  cover  of 
the  formula  “  no  estreats  ”  had  then  raised  from  each  dis¬ 
trict  the  full  quota  of  the  tax,  without  giving  the  commun¬ 
ity  the  benefit  of  an  allowance.3  Detection  comes  in  vari¬ 
ous  ways:  the  justices  in  delivering  their  duplicates  to  the 

1  See  p.  115. 

2  See  p.  115  and  table  in  app.,  315-321;  cf.  also  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  28, 
Mich.,  Communia,  Fines,  rot.  4  d,  Leyc’:  "  Manucapcio  collectorum  xv* 
in  comitatu  Leyc';"  they  had  hoped  for  more  estreats.  Ibid.,  28,  Hill., 
Presentaciones,  rot.  3  d,  De  die  dato,  Glouc.;  they  had  received  the 
estreats  too  late  to  levy  the  penalties,  but  when  given  more  time  they 
are  still  delinquent. 

3  A  statistical  study  should  be  made  of  such  cases;  I  am  merely  indi¬ 
cating  some  typical  examples.  Mem.  K.  R.,  27,  Mich.,  Status  et  visus, 
Warwick;  the  collectors  first  say  that  they  had  received  no  estreats,  but 
finally  admit  that  they  had  them  in  their  possession.  Mem.  L.  T.  R., 
28,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  26,  Suff’  "De  collectoribus  xvme  et  xme  corn- 
missis  prisone  pro  transgressionibus  etc."  (a  case  very  much  like  that 
for  Southampton,  given  in  app.,  289-293);  the  justices  of  labourers  in 
court  accuse  the  collectors  of  falsehood.  Ibid.,  28,  Mich.,  Presentaciones, 
rot.  13  d,  Surrey,  De  die  dato;  the  collectors  at  first  deny  the  receipt  of 
the  estreats,  but  finally  admit  that  they  had  lied  and  account.  Ibid., 
Sussex,  De  die  dato;  exactly  the  same  course  of  events  takes  place.  An 
important  case  in  Northampton  will  be  discussed  later  in  this  section, 
pp.  125-126. 


122  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


exchequer  often  mention  that  they  have  given  the  other 
copy  to  the  collectors  some  months  ago ;  1  sometimes  they 
call  the  attention  of  the  exchequer  to  the  discrepancy  be¬ 
tween  this  fact  and  the  sworn  statement  in  the  collectors' 
accounts;2  and  sometimes  they  flatly  accuse  the  collectors 
of  having  levied  and  kept  the  penalties.2  Often  it  is  not 
apparent  whence  has  originated  the  doubt  as  to  the  collec¬ 
tor’s  good  faith :  suspicato  is  the  phrase  in  one  case,4  result¬ 
ing  in  a  cross-examination  of  the  collectors  under  oath 
which  elicits  a  confession  of  their  guilt;  in  another,  iam 
accepimus,  followed  by  a  writ  to  the  justices  asking  them 
to  certify  as  to  the  fact  of  the  delivery  or  non-delivery  of 
their  estreats.5  In  one  instance,  the  collectors  keep  up  the 
pretence  of  the  dilatoriness  of  the  justices  to  the  extent  of 
asking  for  a  writ  against  them  to  compel  the  delivery  of  their 
estreats  and  yet  when  confronted  by  them  in  court  immedi¬ 
ately  weaken  and  admit  that  they  themselves  had  lied. c 
The  justices  on  being  summoned  before  the  exchequer  have 
so  little  hesitation  in  giving  the  lie  to  the  collectors  that  it  is 
easy  to  imagine  that  when  the  two  sets  of  officials  met  on  a 
joint  committee  of  apportionment  their  relations  were  not 
of  the  pleasantest. 

It  is  also  a  matter  of  common  occurrence  for  the  collec¬ 
tors,  on  being  challenged  for  not  having  distributed  the 
penalties,  to  admit  that  although  they  had  received  the  es¬ 
treats  they  had  not  levied  the  penalties ; 7  while,  of  course, 
it  is  not  clear  that  in  all  such  cases  they  had  hoped  after 

lE.  g.,  in  the  Bucks,  case  given  in  app.,  301,  and  in  the  Northants. 
case  analyzed  pp.  125-126. 

2 In  the  Northants.  case.  3  App.,  292.  4 App.,  290. 

5 App.,  293.  6 App.,  287-288. 

7  Cf.  e.  g.y  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  29,  Mich.,  Presentaciones,  rot.  8,  Lind¬ 
sey  (Line.);  prison  and  fines  were  efficacious  in  forcing  the  collectors 
to  account. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


123 


the  full  payment  of  the  tax  quietly  to  levy  the  penalties  and 
pocket  them,  there  is  frequently  evidence  pointing  in  that 
direction.  A  more  elaborate  method  of  concealing  their 
misdoings  is  as  follows:  after  levying  and  appropriating 
the  penalties  they  would  fabricate  a  detailed  memorandum 
of  their  distribution,  district  by  district,  and  this  memoran¬ 
dum  they  would  turn  into  the  exchequer  when  rendering 
their  account  of  the  tax.1  The  weakness  of  this  scheme, 
if  suspicion  of  their  conduct  arises,  lies  in  their  inability  to 
produce  the  receipts  of  the  subcollectors  or  of  the  constables 
for  the  allowances  itemized  in  their  falsified  accounts.  The 
energetic  desire  of  the  taxpayers  to  obtain  their  share  of 
relief  goes  as  far  as  petitions  to  the  king,  and  results  in  the 
appointment  of  commissions  of  investigation;  but  even  if 
the  findings  are  against  the  collectors,  the  taxpayers  do  not 
get  much  satisfaction;  for  it  usually  happens  that  the  whole 
matter  is  not  settled  until  after  the  end  of  the  subsidy,  and 
under  these  circumstances  the  defaulting  collectors  are  forced 
to  make  restitution  not  to  the  communities  but  to  the  crown, 
though  it  is  added  that  the  former  have  an  action  for  dam¬ 
ages  against  the  collectors.2 

Recourse  is  sometimes  had  to  the  court  of  king’s  bench 
in  order  to  check  the  iniquities  of  the  collectors.  In  one 
instance  a  justice  of  labourers  brings  action  against  the 
collectors  in  order  to  obtain  his  salary ;  the  latter  are 
convicted  of  having  embezzled  the  penalties,  under  cloak 
of  the  phrase  “  not  even  enough  for  the  salaries  of  the 

1  Cf.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  31,  Trin.,  Recorda,  rot.  6,  Ebor’,  “  De  collector- 
ibus  xve  et  xe  triennalium  de  secundo  anno  solucionis  earundem  in  West- 
rithyng  attachiatis  ad  recitandum  compotum  inde;”  the  collectors  are 
“sine  die.”  In  an  exactly  similar  case  against  the  collectors  of  the 
third  year  in  the  same  county  (app.,  306-312)  the  latter  are  imprisoned 
and  fined. 

2 App.,  310. 


124  ENFORCEMENT  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

justices,”  and  are  fined  heavily.1  Many  commissions,  re¬ 
corded  usually  on  the  Memoranda  Rolls,  but  occasionally 
on  the  Patent  Rolls,2  were  appointed  to  investigate  the 
misdeeds  of  the  collectors.  Frequently  as  a  result  of  the 
findings  of  such  commissions  and  of  subsequent  imprison¬ 
ment  of  the  delinquent  collectors,  the  latter  eventually 
pay  large  fines  and  also  account  to  the  exchequer  for 
the  penalties;  but  much  more  often,  as  has  been  pointed 
out  in  the  preceding  section,  the  actions  against  them  drag 
on  year  after  year,  involving  much  effort  and  time  on  the 
part  of  the  exchequer  and  last  so  long  that  the  collectors 
themselves  have  died  and  their  innocent  heirs  and  executors 
find  themselves  involved  in  bothersome  suits.  In  such  cases, 
it  is  likely  that  the  final  profit  to  the  exchequer  is  small,  and 
it  seems  probable  that  one  especially  flagrant  example  of 

1  Coram  Rege,  27,  Trin.,  Shareshull,  49,  Surrey,  Henry  de  Bek- 
well  vs.  the  collectors;  “de  placito  quare  cum  eisdem  collectoribus 
pluries  mandauerat  Rex  quod  prefato  Henrico  .  .  .  quinque  solidos  per 
diem  pro  vadiis  .  .  .  soluerent  vel  causam  Regi  significarent  quare 
mandato  Regis  alias  eis  inde  directo  minime  paruerunt,  iidem  .  .  . 
spretis  mandatis  Regis  predictis  vt  accepit  Rex,  predicto  Henrico  vadia 
sua  predicta  soluere  .  .  .  non  curarunt.”  Ibid.,  27,  Mich.,  Shareshull, 
Adhuc  de  finibus;  two  of  the  collectors  are  fined  “pro  retencione  de- 
nariorum  de  laboratoribus  receptorum.”  Cf.  Enrolled  Subs.,  14,  Surrey, 
first  collection.  In  a  case  in  Lib.  Ass.,  27  Mich.,  pi.  15,  not  yet  iden¬ 
tified  on  the  Coram  Rege  Rolls,  certain  collectors  are  accused  of  having 
levied  large  sums  of  penalties  for  which  they  had  not  accounted.  Cf. 
also  Ancient  Indictments,  no.  19,  Dorset,  m.  1  [32nd  year]:  “  Iuratores 
dicunt  per  sacramentum  suum  quod  Yvo  de  Childecome,  collector  x“e 
et  xvme  annis  xxviiim0  et  xxixmo  cepit  ad  vsum  suum  proprium  de  amer- 
ciamentis  laborariorum  et  vitellariorum  quinquaginta  marcas  in  decep- 
cione  Regis  et  ad  graue  dampnum  communis  populi  .  .  .  .” 

2 E.  g.,  Pat.,  30,  pt.  2,  m.  20  d,  6  June,  “  De  inquirendo  de  summis 
leuatis  per  collectores  xe  et  xv®  de  excessibus  operariorum  etc.;’’  in  the 
county  of  Wilts.  Ibid.,  m.  3  d,  3  Oct.,  “  De  inquirendo  de  finibus  de 
operariis  receptis;”  in  the  counties  of  Surrey  and  Sussex,  apparently. 
In  both  cases  the  phrase  is  “  ac  iam  ex  graui  querela  hominum  (of  the 
counties  named)  intelleximus.” 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


125 


such  delay  resulted  in  the  statutory  change  made  in  the 
disposition  of  the  penalties.1  Two  sets  of  collectors  for 
Northampton  had  failed  to  account  for  the  penalties,  in  one 
case,  on  the  plea  of  “  no  estreats,”  and  in  the  other,  with 
no  excuse  for  the  omission;  but  Henry  Grerie,  the  justice  of 
labourers,  appears  in  court  with  the  duplicates,  and  says 
that  all  the  collectors  had  lied.  The  process  dragged  on 
until  most  of  the  collectors  had  died,  and  their  heirs  and 
executors,  several  of  them  women,  were  finally  distrained  to 
appear  to  answer  for  the  penalties,  their  property  having 
been  seized  by  the  sheriff.  Finally,  in  Hilary  term  of  the 
36th  year  they  come  into  court  and  seek  delay  on  the  ex¬ 
cuse  that  memoranda  et  munimenta  sua  premissa  tangencia 
sunt  in  partibus  suis  sine  quibus  in  premissis  respondere  non 
possnnt  et  petunt  diem  vlterius  etc.  vt  interim  munimenta 
ilia  perscrutari  possint.  Not  until  Michaelmas  of  the  same 
year  did  they  appear  with  a  writ  of  supersedeas  issued  by 
the  king  on  26  November,  on  the  ground  of  the  new  statute 
passed  in  the  parliament  that  had  just  sat,  giving  arrears 
of  penalties  to  the  communities  and  compelling  collectors  to 
account  to  the  keepers  of  the  peace  instead  of  at  the  ex¬ 
chequer.2  A  petition  to  the  council  printed  in  the  parlia¬ 
ment  rolls  seems  to  indicate  that  during  these  six  months 
the  defendants  had  done  something  more  than  examine  their 

1Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  31,  Hill.,  Recorda,  rot.  5,  Norht’;  “  De  collector- 
ibus  xv*  et  xe  triennalium  attachiatis  pro  compoto  et  concelamento.” 

2 Statutes,  36  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  14.  The  session  of  parliament  re¬ 
sponsible  for  this  measure  lasted  13  Oct.  to  17  Nov.;  Parry,  Parlia¬ 
ments,  lvi.  The  statute  embodies  almost  the  exact  words  of  a  petition: 
“  Item,  Pur  ce  que  l’entent  des  Seignurs  et  de  la  Commune  est  declaree 
en  cest  present  Parlement,  Qe  les  Communaltez  de  chescunes  Villes 
du  Roialme  eient  les  Fins  &  Amercimentz,  &  touz  autres  Profitz,  des 
Artificers,  Servantz  et  autres  Laborers,  queconques  fuissent  paiez  as 

Coillours  de  la  Quinzisme  triennale,  autrefoitz  grante  au  Roi . ” 

Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  273a. 


126  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


records.  The  petition  is  from  the  community  of  North¬ 
ampton,1 — one  suspects  at  their  instigation, — and  makes  the 
plea  that  the  collectors  had  turned  in  the  penalties  together 
with  the  tax,  but  had  omitted  mentioning  them  in  their  ac¬ 
counts, — an  exactly  contradictory  statement  from  that  re¬ 
corded  in  the  case  of  one  set  of  collectors.  Perhaps  the 
council  did  not  in  this  instance  compare  notes  carefully  with 
the  exchequer,  and  it  is,  of  course,  possible  that  the  ori¬ 
ginal  collectors  were  not  guilty  though  appearances  are 
certainly  against  them.  In  any  case  it  seems  likely  that  the 
inconvenience  suffered  by  these  particular  heirs  had  a  de¬ 
cisive  effect  after  so  many  years  of  similar  difficulties,  and 
that  the  crown  decided  to  relinquish  the  chance  of  obtaining 
the  penalties,  and  thus  to  bring  to  an  end  all  the  numerous 
processes  still  pending. 

After  this  date,  all  processes  of  the  exchequer  for  arrears 
of  penalties  lapse,  and  letters  patent  appointing  the  joint 
commissions  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers,  now  include  the 
power  to  compel  the  collectors  to  account."  Nominally, 
therefore,  by  1362,  the  communities  have  asserted  their  right 
to  the  arrears  of  penalties  against  the  claims  of  the  crown, 
but  I  am  inclined  to  suspect  that  the  crown  yielded  only  be¬ 
cause  it  had  found  it  impossible  to  obtain  such  arrears,  and 
that  when  the  sources  for  this  later  period  are  examined,  it 
will  turn  out  that  the  communities  had  obtained  merely  an 
empty  privilege. 

Without  a  statistical  study  of  the  actions  against  the  col¬ 
lectors,  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  the  exact  amount  of  the 
penalties  that  through  remissness  or  dishonesty  of  officials 

1  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  40gb~4ioa;  the  editors  print  this  without  a  date,  evi¬ 
dently  by  an  error,  for  the  original  is  endorsed:  “  Cotyngham,  Bille  de 
parliamento  anno  xxxvi.”  (Ancient  Petitions,  File  17,  no.  814.) 

1  Cf.  e.  g.,  Pat.,  36,  pt.  2,  m.  7  d,  20  Nov.;  “  De  pace  conseruanda.’ 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


12? 


failed  to  go  to  the  communities,  but  the  fact  that  so  many 
of  the  collectors  thought  it  worth  while  to  try  to  evade  the 
elaborate  system  of  accounting  and  that,  until  1362,  the  ex¬ 
chequer  continued  its  efforts  with  persistent  energy,  shows 
clearly  that  the  sums  were  considered  important. 

(c)  A  comparison  of  the  amount  of  the  penalties  with  that 
of  the  tax. — In  studying  the  subsidy  of  1348,  it  was  dis¬ 
appointing  to  find  no  way  of  discovering  the  amounts  of  the 
penalties  that  were  actually  allowed  toward  the  tax,1  but 
in  the  case  of  the  subsidy  of  1352,  there  is  fortunately  de¬ 
finite  information.  Although  the  lack  of  knowledge  of  the 
sum  of  arrears  2 3  prevents  an  absolutely  accurate  estimate  of 
the  total  amount  of  penalties  imposed  under  the  statutes 
during  this  period,  there  are  in  existence  sufficient  data  for 
a  fairly  correct  calculation  as  to  the  sums  actually  distri¬ 
buted  to  the  communities  as  allowances,  and  it  is  possible, 
therefore,  to  gauge  the  measure  of  success  of  the  scheme 
from  the  point  of  view  of  the  taxpayers.  The  authoritative 
figures  for  the  total  sum  of  allowances  obtained  by  each 
county  are  recorded  in  the  enrolled  subsidy  accounts,8  and 
can,  therefore,  be  compared  directly  with  the  total  tax.  The 
table  in  the  appendix  4  gives  the  result  of  this  comparison, 
but  it  is  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  occasionally  such  accounts 
have  been  falsified,  notablv  in  the  cases  of  Yorkshire  and 
of  Surrey,  where  by  the  ruling  as  to  the  arrears,  the  penal¬ 
ties  would  go  not  to  the  communities  but  to  the  crown.5 

The  tax  was  levied  in  45  districts :  in  37  counties, — 
Yorkshire  and  Lincolnshire  with  three  divisions  each, — and 

lPage  104. 

2  Cf.  two  preceding  sections,  p.  119  and  pp.  126-127. 

3  Penalties  not  accounted  for  in  time  to  appear  on  the  enrolled  ac¬ 
counts  of  the  final  year  of  the  subsidy  must  be  classed  as  arrears. 

43i5-32i.  5  Cf.  pp .  1 23- 1 24 . 


128'  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  London,  Newcastle-on-Tyne  and  the 
city  of  York;  for  each  of  these  there  were,  of  course,  three 
collections,  so  that  the  penalties  should  appear  in  135  in¬ 
stances.  The  facts  are  as  follows:  in  13  cases,  there  is  no 
mention  whatever  of  penalties;  in  8  cases,  varying  excuses 
such  as  “no  sessions”  or  “no  apportionment;”  in  46  cases, 
“no  estreats;”  but  in  68  cases,  just  half,  a  definite  sum  is  re¬ 
ported;  of  these,  in  two  cases  the  sum  was  only  just  enough 
for  the  justices'  salaries,  and  in  two  others  not  even  enough 
for  this  purpose,  leaving  64  cases  where  the  communities 
received  their  quota  of  the  penalties.  With  the  exception 
of  London,  Northumberland,  Rutland,  Shropshire,  Sussex, 
Westmoreland  and  York,  all  the  districts  benefited  by  these 
allowances.  The  total  of  the  tax  for  the  three  years  is 
£1 14,767  5s.  2d.,  and  the  total  of  the  penalties  £7,747  I4S-  2d. 
ob.  q.,1  so  that  the  net  gains  of  the  whole  body  of  taxpayers 
amounted  to  only  about  6%  of  their  total  burden.  The  pres¬ 
sure  on  the  wage-earners,  however,  must  be  estimated  at  a 
somewhat  higher  figure,  while  the  relation  between  tax  and 
allowances,  county  by  county,  proves  to  be  much  more 
significant  than  the  relation  between  totals.  As  to  the  first 
point,  it  is  to  be  remembered  that  before  the  apportion¬ 
ments  could  be  made,  about  £20  2  annually  were  paid  as 
salaries  to  the  justices  of  labourers  in  each  county;  a  rough 
estimate  would  make  the  total  of  such  payments  about  £800 ; 
further  there  are  the  arrears  which  can  scarcely  be  reckoned 
as  much  less  than  a  third  of  the  total  allowances,  possibly 
in  round  numbers  £2000;  therefore  something  over  £10,000 

^or  a  single  year  the  tax  is  ^38,255  15s.  ob.  Cf.  Stubbs,  Const. 
Hist.,  ii,  579-580:  “Of  the  produce  of  a  vote  of  tenths  and  fifteenths 
we  have  no  computation  after  the  reign  of  Henry  III  that  is  trust¬ 
worthy."  He  goes  on  to  name  ^40,000  as  the  sum  of  the  lay  tenth 
and  fifteenth  under  Edward  III. 

2  See  pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  6. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


129 


would  probably  cover  the  total  of  the  penalties  imposed 
under  the  statutes  and  levied  for  the  most  part  from  the 
wage-earning  class.  As  to  the  second  point,  it  is  worth 
while  to  quote  a  few  figures  from  the  table;  in  two  cases, 
the  penalties  actually  equal  half  the  tax,  and  in  seven  cases 
they  equal  a  third,  while  in  others  they  amount  to  a  quarter 
or  a  sixth  or  a  seventh.  In  the  cases  where  for  small  dis¬ 
tricts  within  the  county  there  is  a  basis  of  comparison  be¬ 
tween  tax  and  allowances,  the  results  are  equally  significant. 
Out  of  the  135  possible  instances,  there  are  28  in  which  the 
double  set  of  figures  are  in  existence,  covering  21  counties 
and  divisions  of  counties,  or  nearly  half  of  the  tax  dis¬ 
tricts.  The  limitations  of  space  have  forced  me  to  select 
at  random  for  the  appendix  only  a  few  districts  within  the 
counties;  but  even  these  few  give  some  striking  results: 
for  example,  the  village  of  Bradefeld,  Essex,  is  rated  to  the 
15th  at  44s.  3d.  ob.  q.,  but  40s.  is  allowed  it  in  penalties, 
though  the  estreats  to  be  levied  in  it  amounted  to  only 
29s.  iod. ;  1  Hatton,  in  Lindsey,  is  rated  to  the  10th  at 
23s.  2d.,  and  its  allowance  is  12s.  ; 2  Ravensrod  in  the  East 
Riding,  is  rated  at  100s.  to  the  15th  and  receives  60s.  in  al¬ 
lowances.8  In  the  original  documents  (which  deserve  to 
be  printed  in  full)  such  examples  can  be  multiplied  inde¬ 
finitely,  and  show  clearly  that  a  given  small  group  of  tax¬ 
payers,  who  had  perhaps  been  forced  to  pay  exceptionally 
high  wages,  might  receive  full  compensation  through  the 
lessening  of  their  share  of  the  subsidy.  The  opportunity 
was  tempting  and  the  utmost  advantage  was  taken  of  it; 
for  example,  the  inhabitants  of  Kingston-on-Hull  had  ap¬ 
parently  made  out  a  strong  case  for  their  peculiar  destitu¬ 
tion,  for  the  council  allows  them  the  full  benefit  of  all  the 
penalties  under  the  statutes  imposed  within  the  limits  of  the 


1  App.,  337-338. 


2  App.,  350. 


3  App.,  359. 


130 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


town,  and,  in  order  that  none  of  these  penalties  should  be 
distributed  elsewhere  in  the  county,  forbids  any  interference 
from  the  justices  or  collectors  of  the  rest  of  Yorkshire.1  The 
case  of  Colchester  is  one  of  the  most  striking  that  has  come 
to  my  notice;  the  ioth  amounts  to  £26  2  s.  gd.,  but  the  sub¬ 
collectors  are  ordered  to  collect  £84  7s.  7d.  in  penalties, 
the  difference  evidently  to  go  in  accordance  with  the  statute 
to  the  next  poorest  town  ;  the  subcollectors,  however,  raise 
the  third  of  the  total  penalties,  sufficient  to  cover  their  own 
tax  and  then  refuse  to  concern  themselves  with  the  re¬ 
mainder  which  would,  of  course,  not  benefit  Colchester.2 
Such  a  combination  of  circumstances  must  have  occurred 
fairly  often;  for,  in  the  spring  of  1354,  when  there  was 
only  one  more  collection  of  the  subsidy,  the  commons  peti¬ 
tion  that  a  surplus  of  penalties  over  the  tax  in  a  given  dis¬ 
trict  be  distributed  at  large  throughout  the  county  instead 
of  going  to  the  next  poorest  town.3  This  request  is  re¬ 
fused,  but  the  fact  that  it  was  made  is  in  itself  indicative 
of  the  importance  attaching  to  the  penalties.  That  in  a 
given  county  the  labourers  can  be  made  to  pay  half  or  a 
third  of  the  total  tax,  even  though  this  is  true  but  rarely, 

'Pat.,  27,  pt.  1,  in.  18,  10  March;  “Pro  hominibus  ville  de  Kyngeston- 
super-Hull.”  CL  Cal.,  ix,  417.  Gasquet,  The  Great  Pestile7ice ,  155, 
gives  a  full  summary  but  fails  to  make  clear  that  the  point  of  the  issue 
of  these  letters  patent  was  merely  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  a  com¬ 
mittee  of  apportionment  deciding  that  some  other  district  in  Yorkshire 
had  even  a  better  claim  to  the  penalties  imposed  in  Kingston  than  had 
Kingston. 

2  Mem.  K.  R.,  27,  Mich.,  Recorda,  Essex,  “  De  balliuis  Colecestr’ 
occasionatis.”  The  bailiffs  are  accused  of  having  let  out  of  prison  the 
disobedient  subcollectors,  contrary  to  the  orders  of  the  collectors.  The 
two  sets  of  figures,  that  of  the  tax  and  that  of  the  penalties,  given  in 
this  most  interesting  process,  are  corroborated  with  only  slight  differ¬ 
ences,  by  the  subsidy  account  and  by  the  justices’  estreats;  see  app., 
337-339- 

1  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  258a. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


131 

shows  how  prosperous  is  their  economic  condition ;  and  also 
makes  plain  how  much  the  communities  had  to  gain  by  the 
enforcement  of  the  labour  legislation.  It  seems  probable 
that  the  pressure  brought  to  bear  by  the  taxpayers  on  the 
justices  and  collectors  was  an  efficient  cause  for  the  great 
regularity  with  which  sessions  were  held  throughout  Eng¬ 
land  during  the  running  of  the  triennial  and  resulted  in  per¬ 
haps  a  more  thorough  administration  of  the  statutes  than 
was  ever  again  achieved.1  With  the  grant  of  the  next 
triennial,  that  of  the  31st  year,  another  set  of  penalties  in 
the  place  of  these  was  given  to  the  communities.2 3  The 
reasons  for  the  abandonment  of  the  scheme  are  still  to  be 
sought,  but  a  possible  explanation  lies  in  the  attitude  of  the 
lords  of  franchises;  their  claims  and  those  of  the  crown 
deserve  full  attention. 

2.  Period  after  the  cessation  of  the  triennial  grants  of  1348 

and  1352 

A.  The  rights  of  the  crown:  Easter,  1351  t°  Easter, 
1352;  Michaelmas,  1334,  to  November,  1359 • — At  the  end 
of  each  of  the  above  triennials,  the  penalties  under  the 
statutes  went  to  the  crown, a  subject  only  to  the  claims  of  the 
lords  of  franchises,  and  were  levied  by  the  sheriff  in  the 
same  manner  as  were  the  penalties  in  other  courts  of  the 

1  My  view  is  thus  the  very  opposite  from  that  expressed  by  Barring¬ 
ton,  quoted  p.  100,  note  6. 

2  The  escapes  and  chattels  of  thieves  and  felons  convicted  before  the 
keepers  of  the  peace  and  the  justices  in  eyre;  Statutes ,  31,  st.  1,  c.  13. 
Mr.  J.  F.  Willard  has  examined  the  manuscript  sources  for  this  grant 
and  has  acquired  much  information  which  it  is  to  be  hoped  will  soon 
appear  in  print.  The  penalties  under  the  labour  statutes  were  never 
again  thus  used. 

3  This  had  been  specified  by  the  statute  and  by  the  grant  of  the  sub¬ 
sidy,  but  would  have  been  assumed  even  without  such  a  specification. 


132  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

king.1  Leaving  to  a  later  section  the  claims  of  the  lords, 
the  normal  method  of  dealing  with  the  estreats  will  now  be 
described. 

Even  during  the  triennial  of  1348,  the  crown  had  made 
good  its  right  to  that  portion  of  the  penalties  not  coming 
under  the  technical  head  of  “  excess  ”  2  and  soon  after  its 
cessation  in  Easter,  1351,  steps  were  taken  by  the  exchequer 
to  secure  this  new  source  of  revenue.  In  July,  instructions 
were  issued  to  the  sheriffs  to  levy  the  penalties  and  to  pay 
out  of  them  the  wages  of  the  justices  of  labourers; 3  by  the 
autumn,  it  was  found  necessary  in  the  case  of  a  long  list  of 
counties  to  order  the  sheriffs  to  distrain  the  justices  for  the 
delivery  of  their  estreats,4  but  scarcely  was  the  machinery 
set  in  motion,  voluminous  rolls  for  Essex  and  Dorset  hav¬ 
ing  been  already  delivered  into  the  exchequer  3  with  speedy 
prospects  of  rolls  for  Southampton,6  when  parliament  met. 

!The  exchequer  process  brought  in  1357  against  the  sheriff  of  Somer¬ 
set  and  Dorset,  resulting  in  his  imprisonment,  quoted  p.  11,  note  3, 
illustrates  clearly  the  variety  of  estreats  for  which  the  sheriff  was  re¬ 
sponsible:  estreats  of  the  keepers  of  the  peace  and  justices  of  labourers 
for  the  24th  year;  of  the  justices  of  labourers  for  the  27th  and  28th  years; 
of  the  justices  of  assize  for  the  28th  and  29th  years;  of  the  chancellor 
for  the  29th  year;  of  justices  of  oyer  and  terminer  for  the  28th  year;  of 
the  barons  of  the  exchequer  for  the  29th  year;  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  for  the  28th  year,  Trin.  and  Mich,  terms,  and  for  the  29th  year, 
Hill,  and  Pasch.  terms  etc.;  through  a  long  list.  Cf.  p.  137,  note  7. 

7  Cf.  pp.  1 03-1 05. 

3 See  p.  18,  note  1,  and  p.  44.  According  to  these  instructions  the 
justices  are  to  deliver  their  estreats  directly  to  the  sheriffs,  but  in  prac¬ 
tice  it  became  the  custom  to  deliver  the  estreats  into  the  exchequer  and 
then  to  re-issue  them  to  the  sheriffs. 

4  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  26,  Mich.,  Breu.  Ret.,  rot.  11,  Kane’,  18  Oct.;  by 
this  writ  of  the  treasurer  the  estreats  are  called  for  at  the  exchequer. 
It  is  to  be  remembered  that  Mich.,  26th  year  of  the  exchequer  is  really 
only  Mich.,  25th  year  of  Edward’s  reign;  cf.  app.,  256. 

5  For  an  account  of  these  see  p.  109,  note  2. 

*  Cf.  p.  62  and  note  3. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


133 


The  result  of  the  session  has  been  already  told;  the  change 
in  the  disposition  of  the  penalties  relieved  the  exchequer  and 
the  sheriffs  from  direct  responsibilities  for  levying  the  es¬ 
treats,  and  called  forth  writs  of  supersedeas  stopping  the 
processes  against  the  justices  of  labourers.1  There  is  .no 
record  that  during  these  few  months  any  payments  had 
been  made  as  salaries  to  the  justices.2  With  the  expiration 
of  the  second  triennial  at  Michaelmas,  1354,  the  crown 
recovered  its  rights  to  all  penalties  under  the  statutes  of 
labourers,  and  although  it  was  forced  later  to  part  with 
a  portion  of  the  penalties,  it  never  again  completely  sur¬ 
rendered  its  rights.  These  rights  have  been  shown  to  ex¬ 
tend  to  arrears  of  penalties  not  already  allowed  to  the  tax¬ 
payers.  If  the  estreats  have  reached  the  collectors,  the  ex¬ 
chequer  brings  action  against  them  by  a  process  already  de¬ 
scribed,  but  if  the  estreats  are  still  in  the  hands  of  the  jus¬ 
tices  of  labourers,  up  to  1362  the  exchequer  deals  with  them 
exactly  as  it  does  with  current  estreats.3  In  both  cases 
writs  are  issued  by  the  treasurer  to  the  justices  bidding 
them  deliver  their  estreats  into  the  exchequer;4  they  are 
then  turned  over  to  the  sheriff  who  is  responsible  for  levy¬ 
ing  them  and  for  accounting  for  them.5  The  system  by 

^age  109  and  note  2. 

2  See  p.  44.  As  early  as  12  July,  1351,  the  date  of  the  issue  of  the 
first  series  of  writs  for  payment  of  the  justices’  salaries,  complaints  to 
the  council  of  embezzlement  of  the  penalties  by  “sheriffs,  lords  of  lib¬ 
erties  and  towns,  marshalls  of  justices,  keepers  of  prisons,  bailiffs  of 
liberties,  market  towns  and  boroughs  and  their  agents,’’  had  resulted 
in  the  appointment  of  a  number  of  commissions  of  investigation;  Pat., 
25,  pt.  2,  m.  11  d.;  “  De  summis  ab  operatoribus  et  seruitoribus  extorsis 
ad  opus  Regis  leuandis.”  Cal.,  ix,  160.  It  seems  probable  that  in  view 
of  the  change  in  the  disposition  of  the  penalties,  these  commissions 
were  allowed  to  lapse. 

3  See  p.  1 19.  4  App.,  363-365- 

5  For  the  sources  that  contain  the  accounts  of  the  penalties  both  origi- 


*34 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


which  the  justices  of  labourers  received  their  salaries  is  now 
thoroughly  worked  out  and  is  worthy  of  note  as  indicating 
perhaps  the  most  valuable  source  for  showing  the  fre¬ 
quency  with  which  the  justices  were  acting.  The  first  step 
in  the  process  is  occasionally  a  writ  of  the  great  seal  to  the 
treasurer  and  barons  bidding  them  order  the  sheriff  to  make 
the  payment,1  but  is  more  usually  a  writ  to  the  sheriff  him¬ 
self  in  the  form  of  a  letter  close  ordering  him  to  pay  the 
justices  at  a  specified  rate  per  day  or  per  year  out  of  the 
issues  of  their  sessions  for  the  days  during  which  they  have 
actually  sat.2  In  rendering  his  itemized  account  at  the  ex¬ 
chequer,  the  sheriff  states  that  in  accordance  with  the  writs 
of  the  great  seal  he  has  paid  to  each  justice  the  amount  due 
him,  showing  in  each  case  the  justice’s  receipt; 3  then  fol- 

nal  and  enrolled,  see  app.,  256-258.  In  the  course  of  the  next  reign  the 
more  direct  method  of  dealing  with  the  estreats  is  adopted,  like  that  in 
use  during  the  subsidy  in  relation  to  the  collectors;  one  copy  is  given 
by  the  justices  to  the  sheriffs  and  the  duplicate  is  sent  into  the  ex¬ 
chequer;  see  oath  of  office  taken  by  the  justices  of  the  peace,  printed  in 
Rot.  Pari.,  iii,  85,  quoted  p.  42. 

'See  app.,  368-371,  for  an  example  of  the  successive  steps  in  the 
whole  process. 

2  For  the  references  to  the  enrollments,  cf.  p.  46,  note  3.  The  series 
does  not  begin  until  the  30th  year,  since  it  has  been  shown  that  during 
the  subsidy  the  collectors  had  paid  these  salaries;  cf.  p.  112.  In  cases 
where  the  allowances  to  the  tax  had  not  been  duly  made  the  sheriff 
becomes  responsible  for  the  back  salaries  of  the  justices;  cf.  e. g.,  Mem. 
L.  T.  R.,  31,  Mich.,  Breu.  Irret.,  Shropshire,  where  the  sheriff  is 
ordered  to  pay  wages  to  justices  of  labourers  for  the  26th  year. 

3  Memoranda  Rolls,  K.  R.  and  L.  T.  R.,  passim;  unfortunately  in 
the  series  for  Somerset  selected  for  the  app.,  368-371,  I  was  unable  to  find 
the  desired  entry  under  “  Status  et  visus;’'  therefore  I  add  here  a  sim¬ 
ilar  entry  for  another  county.  Mem.  K.  R.,  31,  Mich.,  Status  et  visus. 
Lincoln’;  “Facto  visu  compoti  Thome  de  Fulnetby,  vicecomitis,  de 
vltimo  dimidio  anno  xxx  .  .  .  .  Et  viii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  quos  soluit 
lohanni  Busshe,  vni  iusticiariorum  ad  transgressiones  operariorum. 
seruientum  et  artificum  in  partibus  de  Kesteuen  in  comitatu  predicto 
puniendas  assignatorum,  pro  vadiis  suis  pro  tempore  quo  fuit  intendens 
sessioni  iusticiarie  predicte,  per  breue  Regis  et  literas  acquietancie  ipsius 
Iohannis  de  recepcione.  For  example  of  an  original  receipt, cf.  app.,  277. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


I35 

lows  another  writ  of  the  great  seal  to  the  treasurer  and 
barons  bidding  them  examine  the  sheriff’s  writs  and  receipts 
and,  if  they  prove  satisfactory,  make  him  due  allowance  in 
his  account ;  1  this  allowance  is  then  finally  noted  on  the 
Pipe  Roll,  the  last  entry  in  the  whole  process.  These  en¬ 
tries,  therefore,  give  statistical  evidence  of  the  number  of 
days  of  sessions  in  each  county,  as  well  as  of  the  amounts 
of  the  penalties.2 

The  system  of  levying  estreats  does  not,  by  any  means, 
work  with  clock-like  regularity;  delays  occur  at  all  points, 
necessitating  monotonous  repetition  of  the  issue  by  the 
exchequer  of  writs  of  distraint  against  the  justices  for 
the  delivery  of  their  estreats ; 3  the  actions  against  the 
justices  often  drag  on  interminably,  in  one  instance  for 
over  eighteen  years.4  It  is  clearly  a  fact  of  decisive  prac- 

!The  Memoranda  Rolls,  K.  R.,  seem  literally  full  of  such  writs. 

2  An  excellent  study  could  be  made  on  the  basis  of  these  Pipe  Roll 
entries. 

3  Memoranda  Rolls,  passim.  The  cases  are  very  similar  to  those 
occurring  during  the  subsidy;  cf.  e.  g.,  app.,  299. 

4Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  30,  Trin.,  Recorda,  rot.  1,  Staff’;  ‘‘De  comite 
Staff’  et  aliis  attachiatis  pro  extractis  laborariorum  liberandis.”  One 
after  another  of  the  nine  justices  involved  appear  before  the  exchequer 
with  various  excuses  which  are  readily  accepted;  e.  g.:  “  Et  predicti 
comes  et  Iohannes  de  Delues  pro  se  ipsis  dicunt  vt  prius  quod  huius- 
modi  extractas  non  habent  penes  se  liberandas.  Dicunt  enim  quod 
nulla  commissio  de  iusticiaria  predicta  deuenit  ad  manus  ipsorum  com- 
itis  et  Iohannis  vel  eorum  alterius  nec  ipsi  vel  eorum  alter  inde  aliquo 
se  intromiserunt. 

Et  predictus  Thomas  de  Swynnerton  venit  similiter  ad  dictum  cras- 
tinum  et  dicit  pro  se  quod  quandoque  fecit  sessionem  suam  cum  dictis 
iusticiariis  circa  punicionem  operariorum  predictorum,  set  dicit  quod 
nulle  extracte  de  aliquibus  finibus,  exitibus  vel  amerciamentis  inde 
emergentibus  deuenerunt  ad  manus  ipsius  Thome.”  Finally,  seven  of 
the  nine  are  “  sine  die,”  and  in  the  meantime  one  justice  dies,  but  pro¬ 
cess  is  continued  against  the  executors  of  the  latter  and  against  the  one 
remaining  justice  and  is  apparently  not  concluded  as  late  as  Michaelmas 
term  of  the  49th  year. 


136  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

tical  importance  that  the  excuse  of  a  justice  that  the  letter 
patent  had  never  reached  him  or  that  he  had  not  taken 
part  in  the  session  is  accepted  as  valid;  1  provided  that 
the  barons  can  secure  sufficient  estreats  properly  arraiatas2 
it  is  a  matter  of  indifference  to  them  as  to  who  of  the  com¬ 
mission  had  acted.  When,  however,  as  in  the  case  of  Nor¬ 
thumberland,  no  estreats  at  all  are  forthcoming,3  it  is  then 
necessary  that  cause  shall  be  shown  for  failure  to  execute 
the  letters  patent.  The  episode  of  No  rlh  umber  land  has 
been  already  related;  after  the  cancelling  of  the  second  set 
of  letters  patent,  it  did  not  receive  another  commission  for 
over  a  year.  The  case  of  London  deserves  special  attention. 
The  ordinance  and  statute  had  been  promptly  enrolled  on 
the  Letter-Books,4  and  one  of  the  two  earliest  recorded 
commissions  is  directed  to  the  mayor  and  sheriffs,  as  far 
back  as  1349; 5  the  next  information  comes  from  complaints 
made  in  the  parliament  of  the  spring  of  1354  of  the  ex¬ 
ceedingly  high  price  of  provisions  in  London,  followed  by 
suggestions  for  elaborate  administrative  remedies,  with  no 
mention  of  justices  of  labourers/’  Then,  in  Hilary  term 
1355,  at  the  time  of  settling  up  the  accounts  of  the  subsidy, 
it  appears  on  inquiry  by  the  exchequer  that,  in  spite  of  the 
parliamentary  discussion  of  a  few  months  previous,  no  one, 
not  even  the  mayor  and  sheriffs,  knew  whether  or  not  there 
were  any  justices  of  labourers.7  The  result  is  first,  a  writ 

1  See  the  quotation  from  the  Stafford  case  supra;  and  cf.  p.  35. 

2  See  p.  62  for  instances  where  the  entreats  are  returned  for  correc¬ 
tion;  cf.  also  Mem.  K.  R.,  26,  Hill.,  Recorda,  Somerset,  where  a  bag 
of  estreats  belonging  to  Lovell,  a  justice  serving  on  the  joint  commis¬ 
sion,  is  returned  as  containing  estreats  “minus  sufficientes. 

3  See  p.  35,  and  app.,  366-368.  4  App.,  8,  note  3,  and  12,  note  1. 

3£Y.  p.  10,  note  4.  6 Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  2586-2593. 

7  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  29,  Hill.,  Presentaciones,  rot.  1,  London’,  De  die 
dato.  The  collectors  say  that  they  had  received  no  estreats;  “  ideo 
.  .  .  ad  presens  inde  sine  die.” 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


*37 


to  the  above  officials  to  enforce  the  statute,1  and  second,  two 
years  later,  an  enactment  that  the  statute  should  extend  to 
London,2  followed  by  the  issue  of  a  commission.3  The  full 
estreats  in  Letter-Book  G  show  the  efficacy  of  these  at¬ 
tempts.4  From  a  study  of  the  actions  for  estreats  one 
gathers  the  impression  that  the  sheriff  is  a  decidedly  over¬ 
worked  official,  and  one  is  not  surprised  to  find  that  he  is 
often  delinquent;  a  justice  brings  suit  against  him  for  his 
wages ; 5  the  coroners  are  ordered  to  distrain  him  for  fail¬ 
ure  to  return  writs,6  and  there  are  numerous  instances  when 
his  plea  non  vacare  potuit  is  not  accepted  and  he  is  im¬ 
prisoned  and  fined  by  the  exchequer.7 

1  Cal.  Letter-Book  G,  37;  dated  13  Feb.,  29  Edw.  III. 

2App.,  18;  this  enactment  seems  superfluous  in  view  of  the  Anal 
clause  of  the  statute  of  1351. 

3  Dated  1  Aug.,  1357;  cf .  app.,  42,  and  Cat.  Letter-Book  G,  115. 

4  Cf.  ibid.,  loc.  cit.,  for  the  enrollment  of  the  writ  of  supersedeas  of 
4  Nov.,  1359,  and  of  the  following  writ,  of  5  Nov.,  “  Breue  ad  mitten- 
dum  omnia  rotulos  et  recorda  de  operariis  in  Cancellariam,”  and  also 
of  the  estreats  of  the  penalties  from  1  Aug.,  1357,  to  Mich.,  1359; 
these  latter  are  particularly  valuable  because  the  occupations  of  the 
offenders  are  given. 

5 Mem.,  L.  T.  R.,  32,  Hill.,  Presentaciones,  rot.  4,  De  attornato, 
Staff’:  “  Iohannes  de  Sutton,  chiualer,  vnus  iusticiariorum  domini 
Regis  tarn  de  pace  quam  de  operariis  in  comitatu  Staff’  de  annis  xxix0, 
xxx°  et  xxxi0  ponit  loco  suo  Robertum  de  Sekynton  vel  Henricum  de 
Puys  ad  prosequendum  pro  vadiis  suis  super  compotum  vicecomitis  eius- 
dem  comitatus.  In  pleno  scaccario.” 

6  Cf.  e.  g.,  Mem.  K.  R.,  31,  Trin.,  Recorda,  Salop’,  “  De  vicecomite 
attachiato  pro  debitis  Regis  non  leuatis  et  variacione  in  responsione 
sua;”  also  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  32,  Trin.,  Breu.  Ret.,  Salop’;  John  de 
Burton,  the  subsheriff  of  Richard,  earl  of  Arundell,  sheriff,  is  here  the 
offender. 

7  There  seem  to  be  serious  difficulties  connected  with  the  office  of 
sheriff  of  Somerset  and  Dorset;  John  de  Palton  and  John  de  Ralegh 
have  both  been  accused  of  delinquencies  (pp.  116-117,  notes  2  and  7);  also 
John  de  Sancto  Lando,  the  guilty  sheriff  in  the  process  quoted  p.  132,  note 


1 38  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

The  only  changes  during  this  period  made  in  the  disposi¬ 
tion  of  the  penalties  under  the  statutes  of  labourers  arise  as 
a  result  of  the  claims  of  the  owners  of  franchises;  to  obtain 
a  clear  picture  of  the  whole  process,  these  claims  must  be 
examined  in  detail. 

B.  The  claims  of  the  lords  of  franchises. — In  discussing 
the  relation  of  the  lords  of  franchises  to  the  enforcement  of 
the  statutes  of  labourers,  the  familiar  distinction  between 
jurisdiction  and  the  profits  of  jurisdiction  must  again  be 
emphasized.  In  a  later  section  1  the  attempt  must  be  made 
to  describe  the  conflict  of  jurisdiction  arising  between  the 
newly  created  courts  held  by  the  crown-appointed  justices 

1,  of  this  section.  His  excuse  for  his  long  list  of  arrears  is  as  follows: 
“  Dicit  enim  quod  in  tantum  occupatus  fuit  circa  leuacionem  aliorum 
debitorum  Regis  et  expedicionem  arduorum  negociorum  Regis  quod 
tempus  sufficiens  sibi  non  vacabat  pro  leuacione  etc.,  per  x  menses  pre- 
dictos.  Et  visis  summonicionibus  illis,  habitaque  deliberacione  super 
premissis,  quia  liquet  curie  per  cognicionem  dicti  vicecomitis  quod  hab- 
uit  tempus  sufficiens  infra  quod  leuasse  potuit  debita  contenta  in  sum¬ 
monicionibus  predictis,  et  quod  idem  vicecomes  quasi  mercede  conductus 
supersedit  Ieuacioni  debitorum  predictorum  contra  debitum  sacramenti 
sui  et  in  dampnum  Regis,  consideratum  est  quod  idem  vicecomes,  vide¬ 
licet,  Iohannes  de  Sancto  Lando,  adeat  prisonam,  et  committitur  prisone 
de  Flete.  Postea  fecit  finem  cum  Rege  per  c.  s.  (Finis  c.  s.)  pro  trans- 
gressione  predicta.  ” 

In  List  of  Sheriffs,  he  appears  as  John  de  Sancto  Laudo.  Cf.  also 
Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  19  d,  Somerset’,  “  De  vice¬ 
comite  ad  iudicium  eo  quod  non  leuauit  debita  per  quandam  sommon- 
icionem  leuabilia.”  Turbervill’s  excuse  for  not  levying  the  estreats  sent 
him  by  the  justices  of  labourers  is  as  follows:  “quod  oneratus  fuit  de 
aliis  debitis  leuandis  per  diuersas  alias  summoniciones  sibi  directas  et  de 
aliis  execucionibus  faciendis  pro  Rege,  causa  diuersarum  sessionum  ius- 
ticiariorum  ...  a  tempore  quo  recepit  summonicionem  predictam  quod 
circa  leuacionem  debitorum  .  .  .  vacare  non  potuit.  Et  quesito  ab 
eodem  vicecomite  quo  die  recepit  summonicionem  predictam,  dicit  quod 
earn  recepit  apud  Somerton  duobus  annis  iam  elapsis  et  amplius.”  The 
court  decided  that  the  time  was  sufficient  if  he  had  wished  to  perform 
his  duty. 

1  Pt.  ii,  ch.  i. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


139 


of  labourers,  and  the  seignorial  courts  of  the  manor  and  of 
the  hundred,  especially  those  that  include  the  view  of  frank¬ 
pledge;  the  desire  for  fiscal  profit  undoubtedly  being  the 
main  motive  in  the  desire  for  jurisdiction.  Here,  however, 
it  is  the  claim  of  the  lords  to  the  profits  of  jurisdiction  that 
are  to  be  discussed  as  distinguished  from  their  claims  to 
jurisdiction.  Madox  dismisses  with  a  brief  paragraph  this 
whole  question :  “  Divers  Lords  of  Seigneuries  were,  by 
Charter  from  the  King,  entituled  to  have  to  theire  own 
Use  the  Amerciaments  that  arose  within  their  Seigneurie. 
However,  the  Lords  were  to  claim  the  same  at  the  Ex¬ 
chequer.  William  de  Burne  and  others  belonging  to  the 
Bishop  of  Bathe’s  Fees  were  amerced  for  a  Disseisin;  and 
that  Amerciament  was  admeasured  by  the  King’s  Precept; 
and  was  set-over  to  the  Bishop  of  Bathe  by  Virtue  of  his 
Franchise.  This  is  a  Thing  frequently  done  at  this  Day  ; 
and  is  so  well  known,  that  it  needeth  no  Explanation.”  1 
It  chances,  however,  that  the  claim  to  this  special  class  of 
penalties,  i.  e.  those  under  the  statutes  of  labourers,  involves 
some  technical  problems  in  the  interpretation  of  the  sys¬ 
tem  that  are  interesting  as  showing  mediaeval  methods,  as 
well  as  indicating  the  importance  attaching  to  the  enforce¬ 
ment  of  the  statutes;  these  two  reasons  serve  as  my  excuse 
for  presenting  a  somewhat  detailed  account  of  the  various 
stages  in  the  claims  made  by  the  lords. 

The  first  reference  to  the  relation  of  the  lords  to  the  pen¬ 
alties  under  the  statutes  is  the  specification  of  the  commons 

'Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Exchequer ,  i,  540-541.  Cf.  also  Pollock  and 
Maitland,  Hist.  Eng.  Law ,  i,  583.  Among  the  more  exalted  seignorial 
powers  of  jurisdiction  are  included:  “  Amerciamenta  hominum.  The 
lord  has  a  right  to  the  amercements  of  his  men,  even  though  those 
amercements  are  inflicted  in  the  king’s  court.  The  amercements  are 
paid  into  the  royal  exchequer,  and  then  the  lord  petitions  that  they  may 
be  paid  out  to  him.” 


I40  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

that  the  application  of  these  penalties  in  aid  of  the  triennial 
of  1352,  shall  include  those  to  be  levied  si  bien  deinz  Frann- 
chises  come  dehors;  although  the  king’s  answer  includes  the 
proviso  scntves  a  chescnn  Seignur  lour  fraunchises  sanz  nulle 
emblemissement,1  a  study  of  the  tax  accounts  (already  de¬ 
scribed  in  detail)  has  shown  no  evidence  that  the  lords  ob¬ 
tained  any  portion  of  the  penalties.  Further,  the  king’s 
answer  to  a  petition  as  to  the  distribution  of  the  penalties, 
presented  just  when  the  subsidy  was  about  to  expire,  ends  as 
follows  :  Et  si  finer  ale  ter  me  du  grant  du  dit  excesse  al  Seint 
Michel  proschein  a  venir,  apres  queu  terme  eit  chescun  Seig¬ 
nur  sa  Fraunchise  tiele  come  il  avoit  devantr  From  the 
evidence  just  presented,  it  seems  a  fair  inference  that  the 
lords  were  considered  by  the  crown  to  have  certain  claims 
to  these  penalties  as  well  as  to  others ;  that  these  claims 
were,  however,  not  recognized  during  the  running  of  the 
two  subsidies,  and  that  the  short  gap  between  the  two 
was  not  sufficiently  long  for  the  matter  to  come  up,  but 
that,  after  Michaelmas,  1354,  the  question  would  have  to 
be  dealt  with  by  the  exchequer.  Since  a  clause  in  the 
charters  granted  to  the  conspicuous  franchise  holders  in¬ 
cluded  the  right  to  levy  through  their  own  agents  and  for 
their  own  use  the  various  forms  of  penalties  imposed  on 
delinquents  proved  to  be  “  their  men  and  tenants,”  it  was 
naturally  assumed  that  such  a  clause  would  include  the 
penalties  under  discussion,  the  importance  of  which  had 
been  made  thoroughly  clear  during  their  application  to  the 
subsidies.  That  the  lords  were  not  slow  to  perceive  the 
possibility  of  advantage  to  themselves  is  proved  by  the  ap¬ 
pointment,  undoubtedly  at  their  instigation,  of  special  jus¬ 
tices  of  labourers  to  act  within  their  liberties  as  distinct 

1  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  238a;  cf.  p.  107,  and  notes  2  and  3. 

'Rot.  Part.,  ii,  258a;  cf.  p.  130. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


141 

from  the  county  at  large,1 — obviously  a  great  gain  to  the 
owners  of  the  liberties  who  could  thus  levy  the  penalties 
with  much  less  effort  than  if  the  estreats  relating  to  their 
own  tenants  were  to  be  mixed  up  with  those  for  the  county. 
For  1354,  just  before  the  end  of  the  subsidy,  there  are  five 
such  commissions,  for  1355,  three,  and  then  between  March 
and  November  of  1356,  eighteen,  nearly  half  of  the  total 
of  forty-two  commissions  for  that  year.2  For  the  first 
twelve  or  eighteen  months  after  the  end  of  the  subsidy  the 
exchequer  was  fully  occupied  in  collecting  the  arrears  of 
penalties,  none  of  which  belonged  to  the  lords,  but  toward 
the  end  of  1356,  traces  of  this  new  disposition  of  the  penal¬ 
ties  would  naturally  appear.  The  sudden  increase  during 
the  spring  and  summer  in  the  number  of  the  special  com¬ 
missions,  is  perhaps  the  result  of  the  crown’s  acceptance  of 
the  rights  of  the  lords ;  these  rights  are  certainly  implied  in 
the  phraseology  of  the  writs  for  payment  of  wages  to  the 
justices  of  labourers,  issued  the  previous  February,  1356: 
de  finibus,  redempcionibus  et  exitibus  tarn  ad  inagnates  et 
alios  virtute  libertatum  eis  per  nos  et  progenitores  nostros 
concessarum  ....  quant  ad  nos  pertinent ibusd  It  is  note¬ 
worthy  in  view  of  the  later  discussions  that  excessus  is 
omitted.  A  few  months  later,  however,  just  at  the  time 
of  the  greatest  increase  in  the  number  of  special  commis¬ 
sions,  a  test  case  comes  up  in  the  exchequer  so  important  in 
its  results  that  its  history  must  be  given.4 

The  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  relying  on  a  royal 
charter  bestowing  on  his  predecessors  and  their  succes- 

1  Cf.  pp.  37-40.  2App.,  36-41,  and  p.  20. 

3  App.,  368.  During  this  same  winter  when  Edward,  duke  of  Corn¬ 
wall,  claims  the  penalties  imposed  on  his  tenants  before  Bray,  justice  of 
labourers  in  Middlesex,  the  court  adjourns  for  consideration;  Mem.  L. 
T.  R.,  31,  Mich.,  Precepta,  rot.  1,  Lond.  and  Midd. 

4  See  app.,  373-379,  for  a  complete  series  of  documents  relating  to 
this  claim. 


1 42  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


sors  the  familiar  right  to  penalties  imposed  on  their 
“  men  and  tenants,”  even  though  in  the  king’s  courts, 
had,  according  to  custom,  claimed  these  penalties  at  the  ex¬ 
chequer,  and  had  been  met  with  a  refusal  on  the  part 
of  the  barons  to  allow  him  those  imposed  before  the 
justices  of  labourers.  The  archbishop  complained  to 
the  king  and  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  writ  of  the  great  seal 
directed  to  the  treasurer  and  barons,  dated  18  October,  1356, 
bidding  them  either  make  the  allowances  or  send  to  the  king 
immediately  a  certified  statement  as  to  their  reason  for  re¬ 
fusal.  The  barons  chose  the  latter  alternative  and  quoted 
the  clause  of  the  statute  of  labourers  to  the  effect  that  after 
the  end  of  the  subsidy  the  penalties  including  excessus  were 
to  be  levied  ad  opus  Regis  and  that  this  clause  precluded 
the  possibility  of  any  other  disposition  of  the  penalties. 
The  matter  evidently  caused  considerable  discussion  in  the 
king’s  council  and  was  too  important  to  be  settled  instantly 
by  that  body;  therefore,  on  28  October,  another  writ  is  is¬ 
sued  to  the  barons  bidding  them  delay  proceedings  until  the 
meeting  of  the  next  parliament,  still  some  months  off,  in 
order  that  the  whole  question  can  be  there  more  thoroughly 
discussed.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  during*  the  interval,  the 
agitation  must  have  continued,  for  on  8  February,  a  writ 
of  the  privy  seal  directs  that  all  the  special  commissions  of 
labourers  shall  be  repealed  on  the  ground  that  from  them 
tout  plain  des  mals  et  erreurs  sont  auenuz, — perhaps  a  refer¬ 
ence  to  these  difficulties  in  the  interpretation  of  the  law.1 
The  substance  of  the  writ  appears  in  the  conclusion  of  the 
new  form  of  the  commissions  and  the  list  of  justices  of 
labourers  issued  during  the  same  month  omits  private  juris¬ 
dictions.2  The  rolls  for  the  parliament  of  10  April-16  May 

1  App.,  31. 

2App.,  25-27;  41.  These  commissions  are  dated  three  days  earlier 
than  the  writ  of  privy  seal,  presumably  by  a  clerical  error.  In  a  note 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


143 


1357  are>  most  unfortunately,  lost,  so  that  no  echo  of  the 
fuller  discussion  reaches  us,  although  its  positive  results 
remain  in  the  form  of  two  statutes :  the  first  grants  a  trien¬ 
nial  tenth  and  fifteenth  but  specifies  that  this  time  an  en¬ 
tirely  different  set  of  penalties  is  to  go  to  the  communities 
in  aid  of  the  tax ;  1  the  second  adds  to  the  clause  in  the 
statute  of  labourers,  quoted  by  the  barons,  the  amendment 
that  lords  whose  charters  give  them  fines,  issues  and  amerce¬ 
ments  shall  henceforth,  as  is  their  legal  right,  have  fines, 
issues  and  amercements  under  the  statutes  of  labourers,  pro¬ 
vided  that  they  contribute  their  share  to  the  salaries  of  the 
justices."  The  series  of  documents  for  the  payment  of  jus¬ 
tices'  wages  now  include  this  proviso.3  The  barons,  there¬ 
fore,  while  forced  to  admit  the  legality  of  the  lords'  claims, 
succeeded  in  diminishing  their  profits  to  this  extent,  and  as 
will  appear,  made  use  of  a  technicality  for  still  further  di¬ 
minishing  them.  It  seems  more  than  probable  that  during 
the  subsidy  the  value  of  these  special  penalties  had  been 
forcibly  realized  by  the  lords,  and  that  by  a  successful  as- 


to  the  introduction  of  State  Trials  of  Edw.  /,  xlv,  the  editors  quote 
Hengham’s  statement  as  to  such  errors:  “  quia  in  cancellaria  et  alibi  in 
uno  et  eodem  die  unus  clericus  ponat  unam  datam  et  alius  aliam.” 

1  Statutes,  31  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  13;  cf.  p.  131,  and  note  2. 

!App.,  18. 

zE.g.,  Claus.,  33,  m.  8,  11  Nov.;  a  writ  to  the  sheriff  to  pay  the 
wages  of  two  justices  of  labourers  in  Oxfordshire  runs  as  follows:  “  Pro- 
uiso  quod  domini  libertatum  qui  proficuum  de  finibus,  redempcionibus 
et  amerciamentis  predictis  iuxta  libertates  suas  percipiunt,  vadiis  illis 
pro  rata  proficui  per  ipsos  inde  percepti  contribuant,  iuxta  formam  sta- 
tuti  inde  prouisi.”  The  same  phrase  appears  also  in  the  writ  to  the 
barons  to  allow  this  payment  in  the  sheriff’s  account;  Mem.  K.  R., 
34,  Mich.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  15  d.  Evidently  the  lords  often  failed  to 
pay  their  share;  e.  g.,  the  sheriff  of  Staffordshire  accuses  the  duke  of 
Lancaster  of  neglect  of  his  duty,  and  the  duke  pleads  guilty  and  promises 
to  pay;  Placita  de  Scaccario,  34  Pasch.  Similar  instances  occur  passim 
throughout  this  roll. 


144  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


sertion  of  their  claims  to  a  portion  of  them,  they  prevented 
a  third  grant  to  the  communities. 

The  procedure  is  now  as  follows :  a  given  claimant 
obtains  from  the  king  a  writ  to  the  treasurer  and 
barons  ordering  them,  in  view  of  a  royal  charter  and 
in  accordance  with  the  new  statute,  to  make  from 
time  to  time  such  allowances  as  are  due.  The  claim¬ 
ant,  having  previously  received  from  the  justices  of 
labourers  the  estreats  of  the  penalties  imposed  on  his 
tenants,  sends  into  the  exchequer  the  schedule  of  names  and 
amounts,  and  appears  yearly  in  person  or  through  his  bailiff 
or  attorney  at  the  time  that  the  sheriff  is  rendering  his  ac¬ 
count,1  and  claims  that  he  has  a  right  to  levy  for  his  own  use 
and  through  his  own  agents  the  sums  noted  in  the  schedules.2 
When  the  claimant  has  demanded  a  specific  amount,  three 
points  must  now  be  proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  ex¬ 
chequer  before  it  can  make  the  due  allowance  in  the  sheriff’s 
account:  i.  the  delinquents  named  must  be  shown  to  be 
tenants  of  the  claimant;  2.  the  penalties  must  be  shown  to 
have  been  imposed  subsequently  to  the  opening  of  the  par¬ 
liament  in  which  the  new  statute  had  been  made;  3.  the 
penalties  must  be  shown  to  be  fines,  issues,  and  amerce¬ 
ments  but  not  “  excess ;”  for  it  is  asserted  by  the  barons  that 
4‘  excess,”  not  being  mentioned  in  the  charters,  goes  to  the 
crown  direct.3  It  is  worth  remembering  that  on  a  previous 

1  App.,  378-279;  382-383. 

2  £7.  Mem.  K.  R.,  33,  Pasch.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  6  d,  11  May,  Pro 
comite  Richemund’,  for  an  order  to  the  barons  to  bid  the  justices  of 
labourers  deliver  to  the  bailiff  of  the  earl  the  estreats  of  certain  penal¬ 
ties  under  the  statutes;  also  ibid. ,  33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  Anglia,  20  Oct., 
for  a  similar  order  to  the  barons.  Later  it  appears  that  both  the  barons 
and  the  earl’s  bailiff  had  begun  to  levy  these  penalties;  therefore  a  writ 
of  supersedeas  stops  the  proceedings  of  the  former;  Mem.  K.  R.,  35, 
Mich.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  20,  13  Nov.  Cf.  p.  1 47,  note  5. 

:(Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  33,  Mich.,  Precepta,  rot.  2;  an  examination  of  the 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


145 


occasion  the  exchequer’s  insistance  on  this  distinction  in 
just  the  reverse  way  had  served  the  purpose  of  increasing 
the  income  of  the  crown.1  As  to  the  first  of  the  three  points 
mentioned,  the  sheriff  must  report  under  oath  to  the  barons,2 
but  in  the  case  of  the  last  two,  the  claimant  must  obtain  a 
royal  writ,  addressed  this  time  to  the  justices  of  labourers, 
bidding  them  send  into  the  chancery  certified  statements  as 
to  the  date  of  the  penalties  3  and  the  separation  of  fines  from 
excess ; 4  these  certificates  are  then  sent  to  the  barons  with 
still  another  writ  of  the  king,  ordering  them  to  act  as  the 
law  demands.5  The  data  are  now  all  before  them,  and 
they  proceed  to  make  the  allowances  or  not,  according  to  the 
circumstances  of  the  case,  the  final  outcome,  of  course,  be¬ 
ing  recorded  on  the  Pipe  Roll.®  If  a  given  claimant  has  an 
adverse  decision  or  if  he  fails  to  prosecute  his  claim  within 
the  limit  of  time  assigned,  he  is  liable  to  be  sued  by  the  ex¬ 
chequer  for  the  amount  claimed  tanquam  de  claro  debitor 

charter  granted  by  king  Henry  shows  that  the  abbot  of  Westminster 
and  his  successors  “  habeant  omnes  fines  propriorum  hominum  suorum 
ex  quacumque  causa  venerint  et  coram  quibuscumque  iusticiariis  facti 
fuerint.  In  qua  quidem  carta  nulla  fit  mencio  de  aliquibus  excessubus 

}  9 

•  *  »  • 

1  Page  103.  2  App.,  383-384. 

3App.,386;  see  also  writ  attached  to  the  Warwick  roll,  app.,  216-217. 

4  App.,  384-386;  the  purpose  of  the  writ  to  the  justices  quoted  p.64,  note 
3,  was  to  order  them  to  make  this  distinction  between  fines  and  excess. 

5 App.,  386.  6 App.,  387-388. 

7  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  34,  Trin.,  Precepta,  De  summis  balliuorum,  Surr’ 
Sussex.  In  regard  to  the  claim  of  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  cer¬ 
tain  penalties  before  the  justices  of  labourers  he  is  ordered  to  obtain  the 
usual  certificate  from  the  justices:  “  Iniunctumque  est  eidem  archiepis- 
copo  quod  interim  sequaturquod  certificacionem  dictorum  iusticiariorum 
habeat  hie  ad  dictas  octabas  alioquin  tunc  fit  execucio  versus  ipsum 
archiepiscopum  de  predictis  xi  li.  xviii  d.  tanquam  de  claro  debito.” 
Cf.  also  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  35,  Mich.,  Precepta,  rot.  8  d,  in  regard  to  a 
similar  claim  of  the  abbot  of  Westminster:  “Ad  quern  diem  predictus 
abbas  non  prosequitur  allocacionem  de  predictis  xii  li.  xiii  s.  vi  d.  de 
quibus  oneratus  est  .  .  .  Ideo  fiat  execucio  ad  opus  Regis  de  predictis 
xii  li.  xiii  s.  vi  d . ”  Cf.  also  app.,  384. 


146  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

Although  the  test  case  as  to  the  primate  had  resulted  in 
a  statute  admitting  that  de  jure  these  penalties  belonged  to 
the  lords,  it  is  to  be  noted  that  the  exchequer  succeeded  in 
the  contention  that  the  penalties  for  the  period  between  the 
end  of  the  subsidy  and  the  enactment  of  the  amending 
statute  belonged  to  the  crown.  Instances  occur  when  lords 
who,  during  this  interval  had  levied  the  penalties  for  their 
own  use, — undoubtedly  acting  in  good  faith,  especially  in  re¬ 
gard  to  those  imposed  by  the  special  justices  serving  within 
their  liberties, — were  obliged  to  refund  the  amount  to  the 
crown.  The  case  of  the  duke  of  Cornwall  is  to  the  point; 
he  acknowledges  that  he  had  levied  the  penalties  in  Oxford¬ 
shire  and  Berkshire  during  the  years  just  before  the  new 
statute  and  is  charged  with  the  amount ; 1  a  similar  con¬ 
fession  for  the  county  of  Northampton  has  similar  results.* 
The  sheriff  of  Bedfordshire  and  Buckinghamshire  says  that 
he  ought  to  have  levied  the  penalties  for  several  years  past 
within  the  liberties  of  the  duke  in  the  honour  of  Walling¬ 
ford  and  Berkhamsted  but  has  not  done  so  because  the  duke 
had  already  levied  them.  The  duke  admits  the  truth  of  the 
statement  and  is  charged  with  the  amount.3  A  brief  refer¬ 
ence  has  been  already  made  to  the  unusually  large  number 
of  claims  to  penalties  made  by  the  magnates  of  the  counties 
of  Warwick  and  Leicester,  after  the  statute  of  1357,  and 
to  their  impatience  at  the  necessity  of  separating  fines  from 
excess  as  well  as  separating  estreats  of  sessions  of  the  peace 
from  those  of  sessions  for  labourers ;  it  seems  probable  that 
these  complaints  were  the  decisive  factor  in  bringing  about 
the  consolidation  of  the  two  commissions.4 

1Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  32,  Mich.,  Precepta,  rot.  7,  Oxford  and  Berks. 

5  App.,  379-382. 

3 Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  32,  Hill.,  Precepta,  rot.  6  d,  Bedf.  and  Bucks. ; 
special  justices  were  appointed  within  this  liberty  of  the  duke  on  26 
March,  1356;  app.,  140. 

4  Pages  23-24. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


H  7 

In  addition  to  the  claimants  who  have  based  their  claims 
on  charters  including  the  right  to  amerciamenta  hominum , 
there  is  also  a  small  group,  which,  lacking  any  such  general 
franchise,  receives  from  the  king  during  this  decade,  for 
either  a  limited  or  an  indefinite  period,  specific  grants  of  the 
penalties  under  the  statutes ;  to  this  group  belong  the  king’s 
two  sons,  Edmund  1  and  John,2  and  the  Carthusians  of 
Henton  and  of  Witham,3  the  latter  obtaining  their  privi¬ 
leges  as  a  result  of  complaints  to  the  king  of  their  peculiar 
difficulties.  It  is  interesting  to  see  that  within  the  palatinate 
of  Chester  the  prince  of  Wales  makes  an  exactly  similar 
grant  of  the  penalties  to  an  abbot.4  The  legal  aspect  of  this 
type  of  claims  involves  no  special  problems  and  the  pro¬ 
cedure  is  the  same  as  that  already  described ; 5  but  it  is  signi¬ 
ficant  that  even  here  the  “  excess  ”  is  not  included. 

To  obtain  accurate  knowledge  of  the  exact  number 
of  the  claimants  and  of  the  amounts  they  finally  re¬ 
ceived,  and  of  the  relation  of  these  amounts  to  the  total 

*Pat.,  32,  pt.  1,  m.  3,  23  June,  “Pro  Edmundo  de  Langele,  filio 
Regis;”  also  ibid.,  m.  2,  on  the  same  date.  The  grant  is  in  aid  of  the 
repairs  on  his  castle  of  Coningsburg  and  other  buildings. 

2 Pat.,  32,  pt.  1,  m.  4,  27  June,  “  Pro  comite  Richemundie;”  the  fines 
are  in  aid  of  repairs  on  his  castle  of  Richmond  and  other  buildings: 
“  habenda,  leuanda  et  percipienda  per  manus  balliuorum  seu  ministrorum 
dicti  comitis  per  extractas  iusticiariorum  predictorum  eisdem  balliuis  seu 
ministris  liberandas,  quamdiu  nobis  placuerit  absque  aliquo  nobis  inde 
reddendo.”  Cf.  also  Writs  of  Privy  Seal,  Chancery,  Series  I,  File  374, 
no.  23,  870,  27  June,  32  Edw.  III. 

3  App.,  389-390. 

4 Chester  Recognizance  Rolls,  no.  41,  m.  2,  18  Dec.,  32  Edw.  Ill; 
“  Carta  abbatis  de  Valle  Regali  de  finibus  et  amerciamentis  operariorum 
et  artificum.”  The  grant  is  said  to  be  “  de  gracia  nostra  speciali  et  in 
opere  caritatis.” 

5See  e.  g.,  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  35,  Pasch.,  Recorda,  rot.  10,  Norffolchia, 
“  De  Iohanne  comite  Richemund’  de  clameo  finium  et  amerciamentorum 
operariorum.”  Cf.  p.  144,  note  2.  The  letters  patent  are  of  course  en¬ 
rolled  in  the  course  of  the  process. 


X48  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 


revenue  from  these  penalties,  a  careful  statistical  study 
should  be  made  of  the  cases  on  the  Memoranda  Rolls  and 
of  the  corresponding  entries  on  the  Pipe  Rolls.  Some  thir¬ 
teen  claimants  by  charters  have  come  under  my  observation, 
ecclesiastics  and  the  king’s  immediate  family  dividing  between 
them  the  gains  resulting  from  the  statutes :  1  the  former 
include  the  primate,2  five  abbots,3  and  three  bishops,4 *  while 
Edward,  as  duke  of  Cornwall  and  as  prince  of  Wales  ? 
figures  almost  as  frequently  as  his  cousin,  Henry  of  Lan¬ 
caster;  6  the  two  queens  make  up  the  list.7  Even  through 
the  medium  of  this  imperfect  study  of  the  claims  of  the 
lords  of  franchises  it  is  possible  to  see  the  importance  at¬ 
tached  by  them  as  well  as  by  the  crown,  to  the  penalties 
under  the  statutes  of  labourers. 

In  coming  to  the  end  of  the  subject  of  the  penalties,  there 


1  There  is  in  the  Record  Office  a  manuscript  list  which  I  neglected  to 
examine  in  which  is  recorded  an  abstract  of  the  claims  of  the  lords  to 
fines  in  general;  cf.  Scargill-Bird,  Guide ,  330.  My  list  may  easily  not 
be  complete;  and  I  give  merely  a  few  references  to  the  processes  on  the 
Memoranda  Rolls,  in  order  to  show  the  procedure  in  use. 

2App.,  378-379;  special  justices  had  been  appointed  within  his  liber¬ 
ties;  app.,  140. 

3 Peterborough,  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  14;  Fecamp, 
app.,  382-388;  Ramsey,  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  2d; 
Reading,  ibid. ,  34,  Mich.,  Precepta,  rot.  5,  Oxford  et  Berks.;  West¬ 
minster,  p.  145,  note  7.  Of  these  only  the  first  and  the  fourth  had  ob¬ 
tained  special  justices;  cf.  app.,  139. 

4Carlisle,  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  15  d;  Winchester, 
ibid .,  34,  Mich.,  Precepta,  rot.  5  d,  Oxford  and  Berks.;  Worcester, 

ibid.,  34,  Hill.,  Precepta,  rot.  6,  Warwick  and  Leicester.  None  of 
these  had  special  justices. 

6 Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  16,  Lincoln’. 

6 Ibid.,  rot.  15,  Lincoln’. 

’Isabel,  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  31,  Hill.,  Precepta,  rot.  6,  Notts,  and 
Derby;  Philippa,  ibid. ,  34,  Pasch.,  Precepta,  Kent.  These  last  four 
had  special  justices;  app.,  140-141. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  PENALTIES 


1 49 


are  two  aspects  that  need  special  emphasis:  first,  that  the 
exchequer  maintained  a  persistent  control  over  the  proceed¬ 
ings  of  the  justices  of  labourers  through  its  determination 
to  secure  the  penalties ;  and  second,  that  the  king  and  coun¬ 
cil  were  acting  steadily  in  close  connection  with  the  ex¬ 
chequer  and  in  supervision  of  it.  Frequently  it  has  ap¬ 
peared  that  royal  writs  stopped  exchequer  action  in  a  given 
case;  and  it  is,  of  course,  to  be  remembered  that  the  treas¬ 
urer  was  a  member  of  the  council.3  The  figures  of  the 
amounts  of  the  penalties  as  far  as  they  have  been  ascer¬ 
tained  and  the  eagerness  to  establish  a  right  to  the  penal¬ 
ties  shown  by  the  taxpayers  in  relation  to  the  subsidies,  by 
the  lords  in  their  claims  and  by  the  exchequer  at  every 
stage,  give  a  vivid  impression  of  the  importance  of  the 
statutes  in  the  eyes  of  the  community  and  afford  conclusive 
proof  that  they  were  not  at  this  time  dead  letters.  The 
justices  of  labourers  who  were  clearly  doing  their  work 
with  effectiveness  and  with  an  honesty  not  below  the  gen¬ 
eral  standard  of  contemporary  official  morality,  must  be 
regarded  as  an  important  factor  in  local  administration. 

1  Cf.  e.  g.,  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  33,  Hill.,  Breu.  Ret.,  Norf’,  a  writ  to  the 
justices  of  labourers  ordering  them  to  deliver  their  estreats  into  the  ex¬ 
chequer,  “  vt  execucio  pro  leuacione  finium  .  .  .  fieri  valeat,”  signed 
“per  ipsum  thesaurarium  et  alios  de  consilio.”  Also  Mem.  K.  R.,  24, 
Trin.,  Commissiones,  etc.,  York,  W.  R.  and  N.  R.,  a  writ  to  the 
barons  bidding  them  see  that  the  collectors  account,  signed  “per  ipsum 
thesaurarium  et  consilium.” 


PART  II 


THE  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS  IN  THE 
OLD  LOCAL  COURTS  AND  IN  THE  CENTRAL  COURTS 

The  organization  by  the  crown  of  the  office  of  justice  of 
labourers  for  the  express  purpose  of  executing  the  new 
labour  laws  is  not  the  only  method  by  which  they  were  en¬ 
forced.  They  are  included  as  a  matter  of  course  in  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  court  of  king’s  bench  and  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas ;  but  it  is  by  no  means  equally  obvious  that 
they  would  also  come  within  the  competence  of  the  old  local 
courts.  The  relation  of  these  latter  courts  to  this  national 
legislation  must  now  be  considered. 


CHAPTER  I 


THE  OLD  LOCAL  COURTS  :  COMMUNAL  COURTS  OF  THE  COUNTY 

AND  OF  THE  HUNDRED;  SEIGNORIAL  COURTS,  FEUDAL 
AND  franchise;  MUNICIPAL  COURTS 

From  the  point  of  view  of  the  administration  of  law,  the 
most  striking  phenomenon  of  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
centuries  is  the  development  of  the  justices  of  the  peace,  and 
the  gradual  transfer  to  these  crown-appointed  and  crown- 
controlled  officials  of  all  the  more  important  powers  of  the 
old  local  courts  of  the  county,  the  hundred,  and  the  manor.1 
As  part  of  the  same  movement  of  concentration  in  the  hands 
of  the  central  government  of  control  over  questions  form¬ 
erly  left  to  local  authorities,  must  be  regarded  the  short¬ 
lived  experiment  of  the  establishment  of  a  separate  set  of 
crown-appointed  officials  for  the  regulation  of  economic  mat¬ 
ters.  An  account  has  already  been  given  of  the  process  by 
which  the  justices  of  labourers  were  finally  merged  in  the 
justices  of  the  peace  and  the  enforcement  of  the  economic 
legislation  became  a  permanent  part  of  the  duties  of  the 
latter.2  The  long  transition  period,  lasting  at  least  a  hun¬ 
dred  and  fifty  years,  during  which  the  two  series  of  courts, 
quarter  sessions  and  the  old  local  courts,  existed  side  by 
side,  must  contain  many  instances  of  duplication  of  ma¬ 
chinery  and  of  conflict  of  jurisdiction,  involving  exactly 

1  Beard,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  16-17.  The  decay  of  the  old  local  courts 
included  a  decrease  of  the  judicial  and  police  functions  of  the  sheriff;  cf. 
Medley,  Eng.  Const.  Hist.,  392-393. 

2Pt.  1,  ch.  i,  ss.  1  and  2. 


153 


1 54  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

the  same  problems  that  arise  within  the  first  ten  years  after 
the  Black  Death.  During  this  limited  period  and  for  the 
present  subject  it  is  the  relation  between  the  old  courts  and 
the  separate  sessions  of  the  justices  of  labourers  that  is 
especially  important,  since  the  joint  commissions  of  the 
peace  and  for  labourers  were  in  force  for  only  a  small  part 
of  this  period. 

In  dealing  with  this  problem  there  are  two  specific  points 
to  be  settled.  First,  what  portion  of  the  substance  of  the 
ordinance  and  the  statute  was  already,  previous  to  1349, 
being  enforced  by  the  local  authorities?  Second,  did  this 
national  legislation  come  within  the  competence  of  the  old 
local  courts  ?  The  material  for  an  exhaustive  discussion  of 
these  two  points  exists  in  abundance  and  deserves  the  full¬ 
est  examination;  my  conclusions  are  unfortunately  based 
on  a  very  insufficient  study  of  the  sources,  and  must  be 
regarded  merely  as  tentative  and  indicative  of  the  direction 
that  future  research  should  take.1 

The  provisions  of  the  ordinance  and  statute  fall  naturally 
into  three  main  groups:  the  restrictions  on  wages  and 
prices;  the  interference  with  the  mobility  of  the  labourer; 
the  enforcement  of  the  contract  between  employer  and 
employee.2  The  first  of  these,  as  related  to  the  whole 
mediaeval  theory  of  reasonable  price,  has  attracted  the  great¬ 
est  share  of  attention  from  economic  historians.  In  their 

endeavor  to  connect  these  provisions  with  earlier  ones  of 

• 

1  For  the  sake  of  illustrating  as  completely  as  possible  all  phases  of  the 
relation  of  the  statutes  to  the  community,  it  seems  wise  to  undertake 
this  inadequate  survey  of  the  subject.  The  account  of  the  sources  is 
necessarily  so  slight  that  it  is  presented  in  the  footnotes  instead  of  in 
the  appendix. 

2  The  prohibition  of  alms  to  able-bodied  beggars  is  omitted  from  this 
discussion.  For  a  more  detailed  analysis  of  the  measures,  cf.  pt.  1,  ch. 
ii,  s.  3. 


THE  OLD  LOCAL  COURTS 


155 


a  similar  type  they  usually  lay  stress  on  the  assizes  of  bread 
and  ale  as  examples  of  economic  regulations  made  by  the 
central  government  and  applied  to  the  kingdom  as  a  whole,1 
although  enforced  in  the  local  courts,2  the  sheriff’s  turn,8 
and  the  leet,  either  seignorial,4  or  borough.5  Still  more 
direct  antecedents  of  the  wages  and  price  clauses  of  the 
ordinance  and  statute  are  the  regulations  of  the  craft  gilds 
and  of  the  municipal  authorities.6  The  earliest  limitation 
of  wages  that  I  have  seen  was  issued  by  the  London 
authorities  in  the  twelfth  century  or  even  before,  and  af¬ 
fects  various  artisans  in  the  building  trades.7  During  the 
next  century  and  a  half,  regulations  either  drawn  up  by 
members  of  trades  and  approved  by  the  London  municipal 
authorities,  or  originating  with  the  latter,  follow  each  other 
in  quick  succession.8  They  include  prices  of  victuals,  and 

1  Introduction,  p.  3,  note  2. 

2 Among  the  presentments  in  the  leets  and  turns  there  are  “those 
never  ceasing  breaches  of  the  assizes  of  bread  and  beer.”  Pollock  and 
Maitland,  Hist.  Eng.  Law ,  ii,  519-520. 

3 Ibid.,  i,  558-560. 

4  By  prescription  or  by  special  grant  certain  lords  claimed  the  view  of 
frankpledge  and  the  right  to  hold  a  court  co-ordinate  with  the  sheriff’s 
turn.  “  The  lord  who  has  the  view  usually  has  the  assize  of  beer,  more 
rarely  the  assize  of  bread  also.”  Ibid.,  i,  580-582. 

5 Ibid.,  i,  657-658;  cf.  also  Records  of  the  Borough  of  Nottingham  and 
Leet  Jurisdiction  in  Norwich. 

6 For  an  account  of  this  subject,  see  Gross,  Sources  of  Eng.  Hist., 
under  Boroughs,  Gilds  and  Municipal  records  in  index;  also  his  Bib. 
of  Municipal  Hist.  In  a  recent  monograph  on  the  Eng.  Craft  Gilds 
and  the  Government,  Miss  Kramer  maintains  that  the  municipal  author¬ 
ities  authorized  and  approved  the  gild  ordinances. 

7“  De  conditione  operariorum;”  printed  by  Cunningham,  Growth  of 
Eng.  Industry  and  Commerce ,  i,  567-568. 

8  Easily  available  in  the  Calendars  of  the  Letter-Books  of  the  city,  ed¬ 
ited  by  Sharpe,  and  in  the  volumes  edited  by  Riley,  Memorials  of  Lond. 
and  Munimenta  Gildhallae ,  including  Liber  Albus,  Liber  Custumarum 
and  Liber  Horn.  Lib.  Cast.,  in  Mun.  Gildhallae,  ii,  86,  contains  an 


!56  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

wages  in  many  crafts,  the  givers  as  well  as  the  takers  of 
excess  rates  being  liable  for  penalties.  The  point  to  be 
emphasized  is  the  striking  similarity  between  the  phrase¬ 
ology  of  these  local  regulations  and  that  of  the  national  en¬ 
actments.  It  is  especially  noticeable  in  the  regulations  for 
glovers  of  January,  1349,  which  refer  in  general  terms  to 
the  rates  prevailing  a  few  years  ago,  and  were,  as  the  date 
shows,  issued  but  five  months  before  the  great  ordinance.1 
Similarly,  the  specifications  of  1350  of  rates  of  wages  for 
carpenters,  masons  etc., 2  might  easily  be  inferred  to  have 
served  as  models  for  the  corresponding  specifications  in  the 
statute  of  labourers.  Although  the  prices  of  victuals  seem 
to  have  been  constantly  supervised  in  the  leets,  both  borough 
and  seignorial,  and  in  the  sheriffs’  turns,  specific  rates  of 
wages  were  established  and  enforced  only  by  the  gilds  and 
by  the  town  authorities,  and  therefore  concerned  artisans 
alone.  Previous  to  the  ordinance,  wages  of  agricultural 
labourers  were  apparently  regulated  by  custom  only,  and 
no  instance  has  come  to  my  notice  of  the  promulgation  of 
a  definite  rate.'1 

The  interference  with  the  mobility  of  the  labourer  result¬ 
ing  from  the  new  legislation  consists  partly  in  the  actual 

ordinance  as  to  wages  issued  as  early  as  1212.  Toward  the  end  of  the 
same  century  a  royal  writ  orders  the  observance  of  the  prices  and  wages 
ordained  by  the  common  council  of  the  city;  Lib.  A/bus,  in  A/un.  Gild- 
hallae,  i,  251,  289  and  334;  Cal.  Letter-Book  A,  xi. 

1  Cal.  Letter-Book  F,  200;  translated  and  printed  in  Memorials  of 
Lond .,  245-247.  Denton,  Eng.  in  Fifteenth  Century ,  31 1,  refers  to  an 
ordinance  of  Fitz  Ailwine,  mayor  of  London,  as  the  origin  of  the  ordi¬ 
nance  of  labourers  of  1349.  He  may  have  meant  the  regulations  of  1212, 
given  in  Lib.  Cust.  ( cf .  supra,  note  8),  but  I  see  no  evidence  for  Den¬ 
ton’s  theory. 

!  Cal.  Letter-Book  F,  212;  printed  in  Memorials  of  Lend.,  253-258. 

’*The  wording  of  the  ordinance  of  1349  shows  clearly,  however,  that 
previous  to  the  plague  certain  customary  rates  had  been  generally  ac¬ 
cepted  as  normal. 


THE  OLD  LOCAL  COURTS 


157 


prohibition  of  departure  in  summer  from  the  residence  of 
winter,  and  partly  in  the  implication  of  the  compulsory  ser¬ 
vice  clause,  which  insisted  on  the  acceptance  by  a  labourer 
of  work,  if  offered  at  the  legal  rate,  and  thus  forbade  his 
going  forth  in  search  of  higher  wages.  Of  the  practical 
results  of  villein  status  none  is  more  obvious  than  the  fact 
that  a  villein  is  adscriptus  glebae  and  has  no  right  to  leave 
the  manor.1  The  enforcement  of  the  lord’s  authority  in 
this  matter  was  within  the  competence  of  the  manorial 
courts,  and  their  rolls  are  full  of  instances  of  the  flight  of 
villeins,  of  orders  to  attach  the  fugitives,  and  of  records 
of  payment  of  chivage  for  license  to  live  outside  the  manor.2 
Ft  is  worthy  of  note  that  previous  to  1349,  restrictions  on 
the  mobility  of  the  free  labourer,  whether  working  in  agri¬ 
culture  or  in  handicraft,  or  on  his  right  to  be  an  idle  vagrant 
if  he  chose,  had  not  been  imposed  in  any  court  ;  in  fact, 
one  of  his  most  essential  privileges  had  been  that  he  could 
go  whither  he  liked,3  provided  of  course  that  he  was  not 
breaking  a  contract.  This  brings  up  at  once  the  question 
of  the  provision  of  the  ordinance  for  the  enforcement  of 
contracts  between  employer  and  employee,  a  provision  that 
has  been  strangely  neglected  by  commentators. 

At  this  date  unwritten  contracts  could  not  be  enforced 

'  Vinogradoff,  Villainage  in  England ,  77,  143,  157-158;  Page,  End 
of  Villainage ,  10-12. 

2  Vinogradoff,  op.  cit.,  157;  Page,  op.  cit.,  12-13.  Cf.  also  Vinogra- 
doff’s  review  of  Page  in  E.  H.  R.,  xv,  and  Davenport,  Norfolk  Manor , 

73- 

3  Vinogradoff ,  op.  cit.,  77,  79,  especially  note  3,  and  143.  It  is  not 
within  the  scope  of  this  monograph  to  discuss  the  problem  of  the  ex¬ 
tent  to  which  the  process  of  commutation  of  services  at  this  date  had 
gone,  or  the  question  of  the  existence  of  the  free  agricultural  labourer; 
cf.  Page,  op.  cit.,  passim,  for  the  whole  subject.  The  provisions  of  the 
ordinance  and  of  the  statute  certainly  imply  a  widespread  system  of 
money  wages. 


T 58  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

in  the  courts  of  king’s  bench  and  of  common  pleas;  it  re¬ 
mained  for  the  fifteenth  century  gradually  to  evolve  the 
action  of  assumpsit  as  a  common-law  remedy  in  such  cases.1 
There  is,  however,  abundant  evidence  to  show  that  con¬ 
tracts  of  this  type  came  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  old 
local  courts,  of  the  manor,  of  the  hundred,2  and  of  the 
borough.  A  few  instances  must  be  quoted  that  are  di¬ 
rectly  concerned  with  the  covenant  between  employer  and 
employee.  In  1275,  in  the  abbot  of  Ramsey’s  court  in  the 
Fair  of  St.  Ives,  a  servant  who  admits  breach  of  contract 
with  his  master,  is  ordered  by  the  court  to  complete  his  term 
of  service; 3  in  1301,  in  the  court  of  the  manor  of  the  lord 
of  Ruthin,  actions  are  brought,  under  the  head  of  breach 
of  contract,  against  a  servant  for  departure  within  the  term 
agreed  upon,  and  against  a  master  for  enticing  the  servant 

bollock  and  Maitland,  op.  cit .,  ii,  196,  219-222.  I  am  not  attempting 
to  present  an  account  of  the  complex  subject  of  contract  in  English  law, 
nor  do  I  touch  on  the  jurisdiction  of  the  church  and  of  the  court  of  chan¬ 
cery,  but  will  merely  refer  to  some  available  sources:  the  chapter  on 
“  Contract”  in  v.  ii  of  the  work  quoted  supra;  Principles  of  Contract 
by  Pollock;  also  '‘Contracts  in  Early  Eng.  Law”  in  Harvard  Law 
Review ,  vi,  by  the  same  author;  “Assumpsit”  and  “Parol  Contracts” 
by  Ames,  ibid. ,  ii  and  viii;  “  Early  Eng.  Equity”  by  Holmes  in  Law 
Quarterly  Review,  i;  “  Hist,  of  Contract”  by  Salmond.,  ibid. ,  iii. 

2 1  must  express  my  sincere  thanks  to  Mr.  G.  J.  Turner  for  having 
called  my  attention  to  the  importance  of  the  enforcement  of  unwritten 
contracts  in  the  courts  of  the  manor  and  of  the  hundred.  The  most  em¬ 
phatic  statement  in  print  is  by  Maitland  in  his  introduction  to  the  Little- 
port  court  roll:  “It  is  hard  to  believe  that  these  Littleport  villans,  who 
dared  not  send  their  children  to  school  without  their  lord’s  leave,  were 
very  ready  with  the  pen,  or  that  when  they  made  agreements  about 
their  petty  affairs,  they  procured  parchment  and  ink  and  wax  and 
a  clerk.  .  .  .  The  old  ‘  folk  law  ’  may  have  required  forms  enough;  but 
there  seems  no  absurdity  in  the  supposition  that  at  the  beginning  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  the  local  courts  were  already  enforcing  formless 
agreements.”  Court  Baron,  115-116. 

3 Select  Pleas  hi  Manorial  Courts,  156-157.  “  Conuencio  ”  or  “pac¬ 

tum  ”  is  the  term. 


THE  OLD  LOCAL  COURTS 


*59 


from  the  service  of  the  plaintiff  ;  1  in  1318,  in  the  bishop  of 
Ely’s  court  at  Littleport,  actions  for  breach  of  contract 
against  a  seamstress,2  and  against  a  carrier  of  sedge,3  both 
result  in  damages  for  the  plaintiffs.  The  evidence  from 
boroughs  is  equally  conclusive;  custumals  of  the  twelfth 
and  the  thirteenth  centuries  discuss  breach  of  covenant  on 
the  part  of  a  nurse,  also  of  a  weaver,4  and  forbid  the  hiring 
of  servants  who  are  in  the  service  of  another.5  It  is  clear 
that  these  conuenciones  were  not  in  writing  or  under  seal ; 
in  fact,  in  one  of  the  above  instances  witnesses  to  the  en¬ 
gaging  of  the  servant  are  advised  in  order  that  there  should 
be  no  difficulty  in  proving  the  contract.6  The  London 
regulations  as  to  wages  usually  include  the  prohibition  of 

1  Ruthin  Court  Rolls,  edited  for  the  Cymmrodorion  society,  47.  I  am 
indebted  to  Mr.  Turner  for  this  reference. 

2  Court  Baron,  115.  3  Ibid .,  125. 

4 Boi'ough  Customs,  ed.  M.  Bateson,  i,  215.  5 Ibid.,  i,  21 5-21 7. 

6/bid.,  i,  217.  Cf.  also  ibid.,  ii,  introduction,  lxxx:  “The  special 
characteristic  of  the  borough  law  of  agreement,  as  contrasted  with  the 
common  law  of  the  fourteenth  century,  was  its  acceptance  of  the  valid¬ 
ity  of  the  ‘  tides  facta  ’  as  sufficient  to  bind  a  bargain  and  give  an  action 
for  breach  of  covenant  in  the  borough  court.  The  contract  was  formal, 
though  a  once  elaborate  ceremonial  had  been  gradually  reduced  to  the 
simplest  of  forms,  a  mere  grasp  of  hands.  The  burgess  who  could 
*  affy,’  if  he  could  not  find  a  gage  or  pledge,  who  gave  his  faith  on  the 
bailiff’s  rod,  who  in  Lent  offered  affidation  in  lieu  of  the  oath,  could 
pledge  himself  by  the  hand-clasp,  an  act  visible,  audible,  that  could  be 
witnessed  of  sight  and  hearing;  and  if  a  party  to  the  agreement  sought 
remedy,  the  borough  court,  and  perhaps  some  other  of  the  local  courts, 
gave  the  action  for  breach  of  covenant.  .  .  .  All  this  was  contrary  to 
the  doctrines  which  the  royal  courts  were  laying  down  at  the  end  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  when  they  limited  the  sphere  of  the  action  of  cov¬ 
enant  to  the  case  in  which  a  deed  could  be  produced.” 

It  is  to  be  observed  that  this  “formal  contract”  is  somewhat  differ¬ 
ent  from  the  “formless  agreements”  described  by  Maitland;  cf.  supra , 
p.  158,  note  2.  Miss  Bateson,  while  her  introduction  was  still  in  pro¬ 
cess  of  writing,  expressed  her  own  belief  that  the  enforcement  of 
unwritten  contracts  had  originated  in  the  borough  courts  and  that  the 
practice  had  spread  thence  to  the  other  local  courts. 


t6o  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 


the  employment  of  a  servant  who  is  bound  by  agreement  to 
another  master.1  The  frequency  with  which  in  actual  prac¬ 
tice  unwritten  contracts  between  master  and  servant  were 
enforced  in  the  local  courts  can  be  determined  only  by  a 
thorough  examination  of  the  manuscript  sources,2  but  the 
fact  that  such  contracts  could  be  enforced  in  these  courts  is 
proved  beyond  doubt. 

The  conclusion,  therefore,  in  regard  to  the  first  of  the 
two  points  under  discussion  is  that  except  for  the  specific 
limitation  of  agricultural  wages,  and  for  the  interference 
with  the  mobility  of  the  free  labourer,  provisions  similar  in 
character  to  the  new  legislation  were  already  being  carried 
out  in  the  local  courts;  but  with  a  marked  difference.  Un¬ 
der  the  old  scheme,  a  few  of  the  regulations,  notably  the 
assizes  of  bread  and  ale,  were  framed  by  the  central  govern¬ 
ment,  and  were  put  into  effect  by  the  existing  local  authori¬ 
ties,  but  by  far  the  greater  number  of  the  provisions  were 
devised  as  well  as  enforced  by  the  local  authorities  and 
thus  varied  in  different  localities ;  whereas  the  enactments  of 
1349  and  1351,  as  has  long  been  recognized,  emanated  from 
the  central  government,  applied  uniformly  to  the  whole 
country,  and  were  administered  chiefly  by  officials  both  ap¬ 
pointed  and  supervised  directly  by  the  crown.  This  dis¬ 
tinction  between  the  old  method  and  the  new  at  once  brings 
up  the  second  point.  Did  these  national  enactments  come 
within  the  competence  of  the  old  local  courts? 

The  ordinance,  so  strangely  neglectful  of  assigning  duties 

1  Page  155,  note  8,  supra.  An  entry  in  Lib.  Aldus,  in  Mun.  Gild- 
hallae,  i,  214,  is  to  the  point:  “  Item,  accouns  de  dette  sount  mayn- 
tenables  par  usages  des  simples  grauntz,  et  dassignementz,  et  de 
plegiage,  et  de  covenaunt.  simplement  sauncz  especialtee.’ ’ 

2  Professor  Maitland  told  me  that  it  was  his  impression  that  the  en¬ 
forcement  of  the  contract  between  master  and  servant  was  not  very 
common  in  the  courts  of  the  manor  and  of  the  hundred. 


THE  OLD  LOCAL  COURTS 


161 


to  the  special  justices  responsible  for  its  enforcement,1  states 
that  actions  against  takers  and  givers  of  excess  wages  are  to 
be  brought  in  the  court  of  the  lord  of  the  place  in  which  the 
offence  occurred,  and  that  lords  if  guilty  of  infringement  of 
the  ordinance,  are  to  be  sued  in  the  court  of  the  county, 
wapentake,  or  trithing,  or  in  any  other  of  the  king’s  courts. 
Proof  of  refusal  to  serve  for  legal  wages  is  to  be  made  be¬ 
fore  two  witnesses  in  the  presence  of  the  sheriff,  bailiff, 
lord  or  constable  ;  mayors  and  bailiffs  of  towns  are  bound 
to  enforce  the  victuallers’  clause.2  The  net  result  of 
these  rather  confused  administrative  provisions  certainly 
gives  the  impression  that  the  old  local  courts  were  to  deal 
with  the  ordinance;  in  the  case  of  the  statute,  however, 
there  is  no  warrant  for  any  such  assumption,  since  no 
courts  are  mentioned  save  quarter  sessions.  As  far  as  my 
limited  investigation  goes,3  the  facts  of  the  case  are  as  fol¬ 
lows.  The  one  county  court  record  for  this  decade  that  I 

lSee  p.  io.  2App.,  9“ii. 

3  Rolls  of  the  communal  courts,  that  is  of  the  old  county  courts,  and 
of  hundred  courts  not  in  private  hands  are  rare;  cf.  Select  Pleas  in 
Manorial  Courts ,  introduction,  xv.  Rolls  of  seignorial  courts,  how¬ 
ever,  exist  in  great  abundance,  both  of  the  ordinary  feudal  courts  of  the 
manor  and  of  the  hundred,  and  of  franchise  courts;  and  are  to  be  found 
in  all  the  great  repositories,  e.  g .,  the  British  Museum,  the  Bodleian, 
the  Cambridge  University  library,  and  the  Public  Record  Office,  as  well 
as  in  many  private  collections.  (For  these  latter,  cf.  the  reports  of  the 
Hist.  MSS.  Comm.)  For  an  account  of  printed  rolls,  see  Gross, 
Sources  of  Eng.  Hist.,  s.  57,  “Local  Records  and  Local  Annals;” 
also  Davenport,  Classified  List  of  Printed  Court  Rolls.  The  number 
in  print  is  being  steadily  increased  each  year. 

The  group  in  the  Record  Office  though  including  some  hundreds  of 
rolls  (see  List  of  Court  Rolls,  Lists  and  Indexes ,  no.  vi)  is  small  in 
comparison  with  the  total  number  in  existence.  As  it  was  impossible 
for  me  to  make  an  exhaustive  study  of  even  this  group,  still  less  to  ex¬ 
amine  rolls  in  other  archives,  I  endeavored  merely  to  gain  an  impres¬ 
sion  of  the  attitude  of  these  courts  toward  the  statutes.  For  this  pur¬ 
pose  I  went  through  some  50  rolls  for  the  decade  1349-1359,  selected 


1 62  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 


have  discovered,  contains  many  indictments  for  the  giving 
and  taking  of  excess  wages  “  contrary  to  the  statute 1  a 
fair  proportion  of  the  rolls  that  I  have  examined,  of  the 
hundred  courts  and  of  the  ordinary  manorial  courts  (not 
counting  the  court  leets)  include  among  a  relatively  larger 
number  of  the  usual  entries,  scattered  instances  2  of  offences 
against  the  new  legislation,  usually  for  the  receipt  of  ex¬ 
cess  wages  and  for  breach  of  contract  by  the  eloigning  of 
servants  already  in  service.  In  the  case  of  the  latter  class 
of  actions  it  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  determine  whether 
they  are  based  on  the  ordinance,  or  whether  they  are  simply 
the  old  actions  of  covenant  that  have  already  been  in  use 
in  the  local  courts.  A  comparison  of  the  form  of  the  action 
for  breach  of  contract  brought  on  the  ordinance  of  labourers 
in  the  Hereford  quarter  sessions,3  with  a  similar  action 
brought  in  the  Ruthin  manorial  court  at  a  date  previous  to 
1 349, 4  reveals  exactly  the  same  phraseology  in  both  cases, 
with  the  addition  in  the  former  of  contra  statutnm  after 
de  placito  conuencionis.  In  the  manorial  courts  after  1349 

quite  at  random,  and  in  these  I  noted  all  instances  of  offences  against 
the  labour  legislation;  cf.  app.,  E.  The  results  of  such  a  limited  in¬ 
vestigation  have  value  only  if  these  few  rolls  are  typical  of  hundreds  of 
others;  my  own  belief  is  that  they  may  be  so  considered,  but  it  is,  of 
course,  possible  that  some  future  investigation  will  prove  that  this  belief 
was  ill-founded. 

1  While  examining  Chester  Assize  Rolls  ( List  of  Plea  Rolls,  no.  iv) 
in  my  search  for  sessional  records,  by  accident  I  stumbled  across  a  roll 
of  a  county  court  from  which  I  print  extracts  in  the  appendix,  (391-392), 
inasmuch  as  so  few  county  court  records  have  as  yet  been  discovered. 
Mr.  Turner,  however,  who  is  preparing  for  the  Selden  society  a  volume 
on  the  old  county  court,  warns  me  that  it  is  not  safe  to  infer  the  action 
of  a  court  of  a  normal  county  from  that  of  a  county  palatine. 

2  The  courts  of  Ruyton  are  an  exception  and  are  dealing  with  an  un¬ 
usually  large  proportion  of  offences  against  the  statutes;  cf.  app.,  397- 
399- 

3  App.,  185. 


4  Ruthin  Court  Rolls,  47;  cf.  pp.  158-159. 


THE  OLD  LOCAL  COURTS 


163 

the  entry  is  sometimes  de  placito  conuencionis  simply,1  and 
sometimes  noui  statuti  is  added  ;2  but  it  seems  perfectly  pos¬ 
sible  that  this  latter  phrase  is  often  omitted  through  care¬ 
lessness  or  that  it  is  not  considered  essential.  The  records 
of  the  borough  court  of  Nottingham  contain  for  the  decade 
1349-1359  several  cases  dealing  with  unwritten  contracts 
between  master  and  servant ; 3  but  curiously  enough  it  is  the 
master  who  is  being  sued  for  breaking  an  agreement  to  em¬ 
ploy  the  servant,  not  a  usual  occurrence  at  this  date.  Al¬ 
though  these  cases  are  subsequent  to  the  enactment  of  the 
ordinance,  there  is  no  indication  that  they  are  based  on  it; 
it  is  more  than  probable  that  they  are  examples  of  the 
validity  of  parol  contracts  in  borough  law. 

In  answering  the  question  as  to  the  competence  of  the  old 
local  courts  to  deal  with  the  new  labour  laws  it  must  be 
confessed  that  the  phrase  noui  statuti  so  frequently  found 
may  conceivably  in  contemporary  usage  refer  to  the  ordin¬ 
ance  only;  so  that  my  inadequate  researches  do  not  prove 
beyond  doubt  that  the  measure  of  1351  as  well  as  that  of 
1349  was  being  enforced.  Fortunately,  however,  a  case  re¬ 
corded  a  few  years  later  affords  conclusive  evidence  that 
the  statute,  not  the  ordinance,  is  the  enactment  on  which  the 
action  is  brought 4  and,  therefore,  establishes  the  fact  that 
the  jurisdiction  of  these  courts  extended  to  the  national 

1  App . ,  394-395  •  2  App . ,  394  • 

3 Records  of  the  Borough  of  Nottingham,  ed.  Stevenson,  i,  158-159, 

166-167.  Cf.  Maitland,  introduction  to  Littleport  court  roll,  Court 
Baron,  118.  For  bibliography  of  material  on  boroughs,  see  supra,  p.  155, 
note  6;  for  parol  contracts  in  borough  courts,  cf.  supra ,  p.  159,  note  6. 

4  An  entry  on  the  court  roll  of  Forncett  records  the  withdrawing  of  a 
labourer  from  the  vill  and  from  the  lord’s  domain  contrary  to  the  statute 
and  to  the  prohibition  of  the  steward.  Davenport,  Norfolk  Manor,  73, 
and  note  3.  Professor  Page  wrote  me  in  March,  1904,  that  he  had  seen 
many  cases  in  the  court  records  dating  both  before  and  after  the  rising 
of  1381,  in  which  fines  were  imposed  for  violation  of  the  statutes. 


j64  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

legislation  in  its  entirety.1  The  regularity  with  which  the 
jurisdiction  was  exercised  can  be  learned  only  by  an  ex¬ 
tensive  study  of  the  sources,  but  it  seems  unlikely  that  this 
phase  of  the  enforcement  of  the  statutes  was  important  in 
comparison  with  the  vigorous  administration  effected  by  the 
special  justices  appointed  for  the  purpose.2 

Even  if  the  local  courts  made  use  of  their  rights  spas¬ 
modically,  there  must  have  been  some  instances  of  conflicts 
of  jurisdiction  and  some  occasions  on  which  a  given  in¬ 
dividual  ran  the  risk  of  being  punished  twice  for  the  same 
offence.  My  only  definite  information  on  this  point  is  in  re¬ 
gard,  not  to  the  communal  courts  or  the  ordinary  feudal 
courts,  but  to  seignorial  courts  that  were  the  result  of  a 
special  franchise  and  therefore  included  the  right  to  enforce 
the  assizes  of  bread  and  ale.  In  Warwickshire,3  a  long  list 
of  such  franchise-holders  complain  to  king  and  council  that 
their  tenants  are  being  punished  by  the  justices  of  labourers 
for  the  infraction  of  these  two  assizes,  even  when  they  have 
already  been  fined  for  this  offence  in  the  seignorial  court. 
The  petitioners  succeed  in  obtaining  royal  writs  addressed 
to  the  justices  quoting  the  clause  in  the  supplementary 
statute  of  victuallers  as  to  the  rights  of  the  holders  of 
franchises,4  and  ordering  the  justices  to  cease  proceedings 
against  delinquents  who  had  been  already  fined  in  the  lords’ 
courts.  Exactly  the  same  course  of  events  takes  place  in 

’This  is  contrary  to  the  view  expressed  by  Professor  Beard  in  Justice 
of  the  Peace ,  56:  “  Unless  specially  mentioned  the  statutes  did  not  fall 
within  the  competency  of  private  jurisdictions.” 

2  Creighton’s  theory  that  the  act  applied  especially  to  fugitive  villeins 
and  would  have  been  inoperative  except  on  the  basis  of  the  manorial 
court  as  the  unit  of  government  is  certainly  wide  of  the  mark.  Hist, 
of  Epidemics,  i,  183. 

3App.,  219-221. 

4App.,  220. 


THE  OLD  LOCAL  COURTS 


165 


Herefordshire,1  whereas  in  Wiltshire,2  where  a  large  part 
of  the  work  of  quarter  sessions  is  concerned  with  the  pun¬ 
ishment  of  offending  brewers  and  bakers,  there  is  no  trace 
of  any  protest  on  the  part  of  the  franchise-holders.  It  is 
more  than  probable  that  the  solution  of  what  might  other¬ 
wise  have  proved  a  serious  difficulty  lay  in  the  fact  that  the 
profits  of  jurisdiction  were  deemed  more  important  than  the 
jurisdiction  itself.  The  owners  of  franchises  had  been  suc¬ 
cessful  in  their  contention  that  to  them  belonged  the  penal¬ 
ties  imposed  in  quarter  sessions  on  their  tenants  for  in¬ 
fringement  of  all  clauses  of  the  statutes  of  labourers ;  it  was 
natural,  therefore,  that  they  should  prefer  to  leave  to  the 
justices  of  labourers  the  troublesome  task  of  convicting  of¬ 
fenders  while  they  themselves  with  very  little  effort  secured 
the  pecuniary  advantage  of  such  convictions.3 

Assize  Rolls,  Hereford,  313;  see  app.,  189-192,  for  a  portion  of  this 
roll.  The  entry  just  quoted  is  too  illegible  for  transcription. 

2 App.,  228-234. 

3  If  my  explanation  is  correct,  it  is  clear  that  Mr.  Savine  presents  a 
somewhat  exaggerated  account  of  the  situation  when  he  writes:  “The 
agents  of  the  King  and  of  the  common  law,  the  justices  of  assize  and 
the  justices  of  peace,  entered  into  the  sacred  precinct  of  the  manor  in 
order  to  control  the  relations  between  the  lord  and  his  villeins.” 
“Bondmen  under  the  Tudors,”  in  Trans.  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  xvii,  254. 


CHAPTER  II 


CENTRAL  COURTS!  COURT  OF  KING'S  BENCH  AND  COURT  OF 

COMMON  PLEAS,  I349-I3 

It  has  already  been  shown  that  actions  on  the  statutes 
of  labourers,  brought  in  the  first  instance  before  the  justices 
of  labourers,  were  occasionally  removed  to  a  higher  court, 
that  of  the  king  and  council,  of  the  chancellor,  or  of  the 
king’s  bench ;  1  it  remains  necessary  to  ascertain  the  extent 
of  the  original  jurisdiction  over  the  statutes  exercised  by 
both  the  court  of  king’s  bench  and  the  court  of  common 
pleas. 

( i )  The  treatment  of  the  sources. — The  choice  of  the 

* 

most  effective  method  of  dealing  with  the  great  mass  of 
material  in  existence  has  been  a  difficult  one.2  On  the  one 

*Pt.  i,  ch.  ii,  s.  7  and  app.,  239-241. 

2  The  exigencies  of  this  portion  of  my  subject  have  led  me  here  as  in 
pt.  ii,  ch.  i,  to  depart  from  my  plan  of  describing  the  sources  in  the  ap¬ 
pendix,  and,  instead,  to  discuss  them  in  the  text  and  in  the  footnotes. 
The  brief  summary  of  official  records  given  in  this  note  will  be  followed 
by  further  analysis  in  the  remaining  sections  of  this  chapter. 

Court  of  common  pleas. 

De  Banco  Rolls.  Classified  by  regnal  year  and  law  term,  and  so 
listed  in  List  of  Plea  Rolls;  they  are  unindexed  and  there  is  no  guide 
to  their  contents  except  the  name  of  the  county  on  the  margin  of  each 
action.  Normally  there  is  one  roll  for  each  term,  consisting  of  from 
about  400  to  600  membranes,  each  membrane  being  about  three  feet 
long  and  about  nine  inches  wide,  closely  written  on  both  sides. 

Court  of  king’s  bench. 

Coram  Rege  Rolls.  The  same  description  applies,  except  that  the 
number  of  membranes  in  each  roll  is  considerably  less  than  in  the  De 
Banco  rolls,  varying  between  200  and  300. 

Ancient  Indictments.  For  an  account  of  these,  see  app.,  143.  The 
series  is  made  up  largely  of  Coram  Rege  indictments. 

Coroners’  Rolls.  See  List  of  Plea  Rolls ,  Select  Cases  from  Coroners' 
166 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


167 

hand,  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  vigor  of  the  attempt 
to  enforce  the  statutes  during  the  years  1349-1359,  the  es¬ 
sential  requirement  is  an  enumeration  of  all  the  actions  on 
the  Plea  Rolls  of  both  courts  for  the  whole  decade,  supple¬ 
mented  by  information  derived  from  the  Controlment  Rolls, 
Coroners’  Rolls,  and  Ancient  Indictments.  A  limitation, 
however,  to  these  official  records  and  to  this  short  period 
would  preclude  the  possibility  of  using  the  unofficial  evi¬ 
dence  contained  in  the  Year  Books,  since  the  majority  of 
reported  cases  on  the  statutes  belongs  to  the  latter  part  of 
the  reign;  and  neglect  of  the  reports  would  mean  failure 
to  present  a  sufficient  account  of  the  legal  issues  involved 
in  the  interpretation  of  the  statutes  by  the  upper  courts. 
On  the  other  hand,  from  the  point  of  view  of  law,  an  ex¬ 
haustive  treatise  (Fitzherbert’s  is  by  no  means  adequate) 
can  be  written  only  on  the  basis  of  a  study  of  all  the  re¬ 
ports  dealing  with  the  statutes,  down  to  the  reign  of  Henry 
VIII,  as  well  as  of  the  corresponding  records ;  such  a  study 
should  also  include  the  Rcgistrum  Brevium,  Novae  Nar- 
rationes,  Fitzherbert’s  commentary  in  his  New  Natara 
Brevium,  his  abridgment,  and  those  of  Statham  and 
Brooke.1  For  this  purpose  the  printed  Year  Books  will 
not  answer.  The  editions  of  Mr.  Pike  have  not  yet  reached 
the  Black  Death ; 2  while  the  old  editions  omit  the  years 

Rolls ,  ed.  Gross,  and  app.,  413.  Among  the  Coroners’  Rolls  proper 
there  are  a  few  rolls  of  exigends  of  offenders  convicted  in  the  two  upper 
courts  with  cross-references  to  the  Plea  Rolls.  Pardons  for  outlawry  are 
recorded  on  the  Patent  Rolls. 

Controlment  Rolls  and  Gaol  Delivery  Rolls  have  neither  of  them 
been  included  in  my  search;  for  the  former,  see  Scargill-Bird,  Guide  to 
the  Public  Records ,  168,  and  for  the  latter,  ibid.,  170,  and  List  of  Plea 
Rolls. 

JFor  exact  titles  and  dates  of  publication,  see  my  bibliography. 

2  Published  in  the  Rolls  series.  The  Selden  Society  editions  are  for 
the  reign  of  Edw.  II. 


!68  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


31-37  Eclw.  Ill,1  and  the  entire  reign  of  Richard  II,2  and 
are  frequently  erroneous  or  misleading.  It  would  there¬ 
fore  be  necessary  to  establish  authoritative  versions  of  the 
text  by  an  examination  and  collation  of  all  the  manuscript 
Year  Books, — a  task  evidently  beyond  the  scope  of  the 
present  work.3 

The  course  adopted  for  my  investigation  is  a  compromise 
and  as  such  has  no  claim  to  completeness.  I  extended  my 
period  to  the  death  of  Edw.  Ill,  and  using  the  seventeenth- 
century  edition  of  the  Year  Books,  I  noted  for  1349-1377 
all  the  reports  of  cases  on  the  statutes  or  involving  the 
statutes,  a  total  of  33,  distributed  between  the  two  courts.1 
An  examination  of  the  three  great  abridgments  showed 
that  Fitzherbert  had  discovered  10  additional  reports,  two 
of  which  are  for  the  date  for  which  there  are  no  printed 
Year  Books.5  A  search  through  the  manuscript  Year 
Books  in  the  British  Museum  and  in  the  libraries  of  Cam¬ 
bridge  University,  of  Lincoln’s  Inn,  and  of  the  Temple,  had 
chiefly  negative  results;  the  33  reports  appeared  in  approxi- 

‘This  is  equally  true  of  the  edition  of  1678-1680,  and  of  the  numerous 
sixteenth-century  editions. 

2Bellewe’s  compilation  to  some  extent  supplies  the  reports  of  the 
reign  of  Richard. 

3  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  Professor  Maitland’s  incompar¬ 
able  editions  for  the  Selden  Society  will  ever  remain  the  ideal  to  which 
future  editors  will  strive  to  approximate,  and  that  his  introductions  are 
invaluable  for  the  whole  subject  of  reports  and  records. 

4  A  comparison  of  this  edition  of  1678-1680  with  the  various  sixteenth- 
century  editions  in  the  Boston  Public  library,  the  Harvard  Law  library 
and  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  did  not  increase  this  total.  The  cases 
in  the  earlier  editions  are  not  only  the  same  as  those  in  the  later,  but 
identical  in  form  and  phraseology.  Cf.  Pike,  in  introduction  to  the 
Year  Books  of  12  and  13  Edw.  Ill,  xxxii,  and  also  Soule,  “  Year  Book 
Bibliography,”  in  Harvard  Law  Review,  xiv,  568. 

5  The  abridgments  of  Statham  and  Brooke  give  many  of  the  same 
cases  but  add  no  new  ones. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


169 

mately  the  same  form  as  in  the  printed  editions;  only  one 
more  report  was  found  1  and  not  a  single  one  of  Fitz- 
herbert’s  additional  ten  cases.  His  sources  are  therefore 
still  to  be  sought.2 

Fortunately  these  44  reports  are  fairly  intelligible  even 
in  their  present  versions  and  touch  on  nearly  all  the  im¬ 
portant  points  of  law  arising  from  the  enforcement  of  the 
statutes,  but  need  of  course  to  be  corroborated  and  inter¬ 
preted  by  the  records.  In  turning  to  the  Plea  Rolls,  my  first 
object  was  to  discover  the  reported  cases;3  while  looking- 
for  these,  I  took  brief  notes  on  all  actions  on  the  statutes 
or  involving  the  statutes  (whether  reported  or  not)  that 
had  reached  at  least  the  stage  of  an  attachment,4  and  in 
some  rolls  I  made  a  count  of  all  such  actions  that  were 
merely  begun.  Since  my  search  was  necessarily  rapid,  it 

*App.,  419-420. 

2 Professor  Maitland  was  interested  in  the  problem  of  finding  the 
sources  used  by  Fitzherbert,  and  was  good  enough  to  aid  me  in  my 
search  in  Cambridge. 

3  Unless  possessed  of  technical  legal  knowledge,  one  scarcely  dares 
venture  into  the  realm  of  Plea  Rolls,  without  a  special  apology  to  Mr. 
Pike,  so  earnestly  has  he  sought  to  deter  the  layman  from  such  an 
attempt.  See  his  “Action  at  Law  in  the  Reign  of  Edw.  Ill:  the  Re¬ 
port  and  the  Record,”  in  Harvard  Law  Review ,  vii,  267-268.  Both  he 
and  Professor  Maitland,  however,  have  done  far  too  much  to  show  the 
value  of  Plea  Rolls  to  make  it  possible  to  leave  them  untouched. 

With  only  limited  time  at  my  disposal,  the  main  difficulty  in  finding 
the  records  of  the  Year  Book  cases  lay  in  the  fact  that  the  mistakes  as 
to  year  and  term  in  the  reports  dealing  with  the  statutes  exceeded  even 
the  usual  number  of  such  errors;  also  that  there  was  often  no  clue  as  to 
court,  and  that  in  some  of  the  reports,  notably  in  those  given  only  by 
Fitzherbert,  too  few  details  of  the  actions  appeared  to  render  identifica¬ 
tion  certain.  The  form  of  the  actions  on  the  statutes,  however,  made 
them  comparatively  easy  to  pick  out,  even  in  a  rapid  glance  at  a  mem¬ 
brane;  moreover,  I  was  fortunate  in  having  much  patient  help  and 
many  useful  suggestions  from  Mr.  G.  J.  Turner,  whose  knowledge  of 
the  Plea  Rolls  is  unrivalled. 

K  Including  of  course  all  that  reached  further  stages. 


I  JO  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

is  possible  that  occasionally  a  case  was  overlooked,  and 
since  only  about  a  quarter  of  the  total  number  of  Plea  Rolls 
was  examined,  the  resulting  information  does  not  allow 
absolutely  dogmatic  statements  as  to  the  working  of  the 
statutes;  it  is,  however,  based  on  the  study  of  a  suffi¬ 
ciently  large  proportion  of  the  facts  to  warrant  definite 
conclusions  as  to  the  attitude  of  the  courts  and  as  to  the 
general  trend  of  legal  interpretation. 

My  method  of  treatment  has  therefore  taken  the  follow¬ 
ing  form.  First:  in  the  appendix,  I  give  a  list  of  the  44 
reports  with  cross  references  to  the  abridgments  and  to  the 
Plea  Rolls,  and  examples  of  writs  from  the  Registrum 
Brevium;  I  also  print  thirteen  typical  reports  and  the  cor¬ 
responding  records  (when  possible),  and  a  few  extracts 
from  Coroners’  Rolls  and  Ancient  Indictments.  Second :  in 
my  text,  on  the  basis  of  the  data  obtained  from  the  Plea 
Rolls,  I  have  compiled  a  few  statistics  1  as  to  the  frequency 
of  actions  on  the  statutes,  the  status  of  the  offenders,  the 
nature  of  the  verdicts  etc. ;  and  further,  I  discuss  from  all 
the  above  sources  the  most  important  questions  of  law  con¬ 
nected  with  the  statutes. 

(2)  Numerical  account  of  the  actions  on  the  statutes  of 
labourers. — As  far  as  could  be  ascertained  from  the  Year 
Books,  the  distribution  of  the  44  reported  cases  between 
the  two  upper  courts  was  as  follows : 2 3 *  king’s  bench,  4 ; 
common  pleas,  24  certainly,  and  7  probably;8  no  clue  to 
court,  9.  The  preponderance  of  reports  for  the  court  of 
common  pleas  established  a  presumption  that  the  majority 
of  the  16  doubtful  cases  would  belong  to  it  rather  than  to 


1 A  caution  has  just  been  given  as  to  the  nature  of  these  statistics. 

?App.,  416-419. 

3  Fitzherbert’s  extra  cases;  3  of  the  10  were  clearly  in  the  common 

pleas. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


171 

the  court  of  king’s  bench,1  and  resulted  in  an  examination 
of  a  larger  number  of  De  Banco  than  of  Coram  Rege  Rolls.2 

The  following  account  will  show  the  extent  of  my  re¬ 
searches  in  these  two  series.  For  the  period  extending 
from  the  beginning  of  the  twenty-fifth  year  of  Edw.  Ill  to 
the  end  of  his  reign,  assuming  one  roll  for  each  law  term, 
there  should  be  107  rolls  in  existence  for  each  court.3  Of 
the  De  Banco  Rolls  1  made  a  complete  examination  of  41, 
— between  a  half  and  a  third  of  the  total  number, — as  well 
as  a  partial  examination  of  6.4  Counting  only  those  ac¬ 
tions  on  the  statutes  or  involving  the  statutes  that  are  fin¬ 
ished,  or  that  are  argued  out  to  an  issue  of  law  or  of  fact, 
or  that  have  at  least  reached  the  stage  of  an  attachment  of 
the  defendant,  it  appears  that  the  41  rolls  contain  270  cases, 
and  the  6  rolls,  18,  an  average  of  6y2  cases  per  roll  or 
per  term.5  If  this  average  be  maintained  through  the 
remaining  60  terms, — there  seems  no  reason  to  doubt  that 
it  will  be, — there  will  be  for  the  whole  reign  about  700 
cases.  Further,  on  each  roll  there  are  many  instances  where 
it  is  recorded  that  the  plaintiff  has  brought  a  writ,  but 
where  there  is  no  indication  that  the  defendant  has  ever 
been  produced,  or  that  any  subsequent  process  ever  takes 

1  The  form  of  writs  in  the  Registrant  is  given  for  both  courts;  cf.  p.  175, 
note  1,  for  references. 

2  It  has  already  been  emphasized  that  my  primary  object  was  the  iden¬ 
tification  of  the  reported  cases;  cf.  s.  1. 

3  There  are  in  reality  not  quite  so  many.  Of  the  De  Banco  Rolls  six 
are  missing,  while  the  37th  year  has  two  rolls  for  the  Easter  term,  a 
total  of  102;  the  compiler  of  the  List  of  Plea  Rolls ,  in  numbering  these 
rolls  consecutively,  has  by  a  slight  error  omitted  the  number  “385.” 
Of  the  Coram  Rege  Rolls  two  are  missing,  leaving  a  total  of  105. 

4  In  each  of  these,  the  reported  case  chanced  to  occur  early  in  the  roll, 
thus  obviating  the  necessity  of  reading  all  the  membranes. 

5The  two  may  be  considered  as  synonymous,  since  there  is  only  one 
exception. 


172 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


place  in  court.1 2  A  conservative  estimate  of  the  ratio  be¬ 
tween  the  number  of  records  of  this  type  and  the  number 
of  those  first  described  is  about  eleven  to  one,  showing*  that 
there  were,  roughly  speaking,  7700  actions  that  never  went 
beyond  the  initial  stage.  The  addition  to  these  figures  of 
the  700  cases  already  referred  to  results  in  a  total  of  about 
8400  suits  brought  in  the  court  of  common  pleas  between 
1351  and  1377. 

For  the  king’s  bench,  my  investigation  was  unfortunately 
less  extensive,  and  my  results  therefore  less  conclusive. 
Only  12  Coram  Rege  Rolls  were  examined;  they  contain 
24  cases,  varying  from  4  to  1  per  roll  or  per  term,  an  aver¬ 
age  of  2.  Assuming  this  average  to  hold  for  the  remaining 
95  terms,  there  will  be  a  little  over  200  cases  for  the  whole 
reign,  corresponding  to  the  700  in  the  other  court.  It  is 
also  to  be  noted  that  one  of  the  rolls  contains  an  important 
record  consisting  of  proceedings  begun  before  a  joint  com¬ 
mission  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers,  and  removed  into 
the  court  of  king’s  bench.  Undoubtedly  there  are  more 
such  cases,  not  originating  in  this  court,  and  therefore  not 
to  be  included  in  the  present  discussion."  The  ratio  be¬ 
tween  the  number  of  actions  in  which  only  the  plaintiff 
appears  and  the  number  of  those  in  which  further  stages  are 
recorded,  differs  in  degree  from  the  corresponding  ratio  in 
the  other  court,  being  only  about  3  to  2.  300,  therefore, 

will  represent  the  number  of  these  unfinished  actions,  and 
500  the  total  number  of  suits  brought  in  the  court  of  king’s 
bench  during  this  period  of  twenty-six  years.  Since  the 
bulk  of  the  De  Banco  Rolls  exceeds  that  of  the  Coram  Rege 

1 1  do  not  know  what  happened  in  such  cases;  cf.  p.  207,  note  1,  for 
an  explanation  of  the  blanks  on  the  rolls  in  actions  that  had  reached 
later  stages. 

2  App.,  250-254  and  p.  97. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


1 73 


Rolls,  averaging  perhaps  three  times  as  great,1  the  smaller 
total  of  cases  in  the  king’s  bench  dealing  with  the  statutes 
bears  approximately  the  same  relation  to  the  number  of  ac¬ 
tions  on  all  other  subjects  in  this  court  as  does  the  larger 
total  of  cases  on  the  statutes  in  the  common  pleas  to  all 
other  actions  recorded  on  its  rolls. 

In  accordance  with  the  estimates  just  given  the  combined 
figures  for  the  two  courts  are :  900  for  the  first  type  of  re¬ 
cords,  and  8000  for  the  second,  a  total  of  nearly  9000.  With¬ 
out  statistics  as  to  the  frequency  of  the  other  common  forms 
of  actions,  covenant,  debt,  trespass  vi  et  armis  etc.,  an  ac¬ 
curate  appreciation  of  the  relative  numerical  importance  of 
the  actions  on  the  statutes  is  impossible,  but  the  conclusion 
is  certainly  warranted  that  the  upper  courts  were  a  valuable 
factor  in  the  enforcement  of  the  labour  legislation.  More¬ 
over,  it  is  clear  that,  as  indicative  of  widespread  economic 
disturbance,  the  actions  that  are  only  begun  are  precisely  as 
significant  as  those  that  are  argued  out,  and  that  for  a 
period  of  twenty-six  years  and  in  a  population  of  about  two 
millions  and  a  half,2  nearly  9000  cases,  involving  from  two 
to  five  or  six  individuals  each,  represent  a  considerable 
amount  of  litigation. 

Apart  from  this  attempt  to  calculate  the  probable  total 
number  of  actions,  my  investigation  of  the  work  of  the 
upper  courts  is  based  chiefly  on  a  detailed  analysis,  from 
various  points  of  view,  of  the  288  De  Banco  cases  and  the 
24  Coram  Rege  cases  that  reached  the  stage  where  both 
plaintiff  and  defendant  made  their  appearance.  The  dis¬ 
tribution  of  these  312  cases  according  to  the  county  in 
which  the  action  is  brought  is  as  follows:  London,  48;  Nor¬ 
folk,  21 ;  York,  19;  Cambridge,  18;  Northampton,  16;  Kent, 
15;  Suffolk,  14;  Lincoln,  12;  Buckingham,  11;  Essex,  Dor- 


1  Cf.  p.  166,  note  2. 


2  Cf.  pp.  1-2. 


174  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

set  and  Leicester,  io  each;  Surrey,  9;  Middlesex,  South¬ 
ampton,  Warwick  and  Wiltshire,  8  each;  Hertford,  7;  Bed¬ 
ford,  Berkshire  and  Oxford,  6  each;  Devon,  Gloucester, 
Somerset  and  Sussex,  5  each;  Huntingdon,  4;  Rutland  and 
Stafford,  2  each;  Derby,  Northumberland,  Nottingham, 
Westmoreland  and  Worcester,  1  each;  name  of  county 
illegible,  9.  The  three  counties  palatine  are,  of  course, 
omitted,  but  except  for  Cornwall,  Cumberland,  Hereford 
and  Shropshire,  all  the  other  counties  are  represented.1 
London,  with  nearly  a  sixth  of  the  whole  number  of  cases, 
has  more  than  its  share,  possibly  because  of  its  propinquity 
to  the  seat  of  the  court  of  common  pleas ;  but  on  the  whole, 
it  may  be  said  that  the  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of 
labourers  by  the  upper  courts  was  not  sectional  but  was 
fairly  uniform  throughout  the  kingdom. 

(3)  Clauses  of  the  ordinance  and  of  the  statute  on  which 
the  actions  are  brought . — It  has  been  already  shown  that 
the  justices  of  labourers  in  their  sessions,  while  occasionally 
dealing  with  all  clauses  of  the  legislation,  gave  the  fullest 
measure  of  their  energies  to  the  punishment  of  the  receipt 
of  excess  wages  and  excess  prices ; 2  precisely  the  same 
statement  is  true  in  regard  to  the  juries  that  were  making 
presentments  before  the  king’s  bench  for  offences  against 
the  ordinance  and  the  statute,  as  recorded  in  the  series  of 
documents  known  as  Ancient  Indictments.3  Further  pro¬ 
cess  as  to  these  presentments  should  be  sought  on  the  Coram 
Rege  Rolls  of  corresponding  years  and  terms ;  my  researches 
in  this  direction  were  but  slight  and  did  not  solve  the  prob¬ 
lem  of  the  ultimate  fate  of  such  indictments  or  of  their  con¬ 
nection  with  the  work  of  the  court  of  king’s  bench.4  The 

1  It  is  more  than  probable  that  these  counties  will  appear  on  the  re¬ 
maining  rolls.  2Pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  ss.  3,  4  and  5.  3  Cf.  s.  1  and  app.,  F,  1. 

4  Is  it  possible  that  the  suggestion  made  on  p.  68  is  true  here  also  and 
that  these  presentments  were  considered  conclusive  evidence  of  guilt? 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


175 


✓ 

writs  printed  in  the  Registrum 1  cover  all  the  essential 
clauses  of  both  ordinance  and  statute,  except  the  price 
clause;  namely,  departure  of  a  servant,  retention  of  an¬ 
other’s  servant,  compulsory  service,  excess  wages,  rights 
of  lords,  service  by  the  usual  terms  and  the  summer  and 
winter  clause.  One  is  therefore  led  to  expect  to  find  on  the 
Plea  Rolls  records  of  suits  brought  under  these  various 
forms  of  writs,  especially  suits  on  the  wages  clause,  so 
frequent  in  Ancient  Indictments. 

The  result  of  an  analysis  of  the  312  cases  occurring  on 
the  59  rolls  examined  does  not  fulfil  this  expectation.  I11 
the  court  of  common  pleas  there  are  277  cases  on  the  con¬ 
tract  clause,  either  for  departure  or  for  retention,  or  for 
both ; 2  2  cases  on  the  compulsory  service  clause,3  and  2  on 
the  statute  of  the  35th  year.4  There  are  also  7  cases  in- 

1Reg.  Brev.  Orig.,  119,  189-191;  Reg.  Brev.  Jud.,  27-28.  See  app., 
411-413.  Most  of  these  writs  appear  in  the  middle  of  the  Registrum  in 
that  section  described  by  Maitland  as  an  appendix,  since  it  includes 
“  Brevia  de  Statuto,’ ’  i.  e.,  writs  on  comparatively  new  statutes;  “  Reg¬ 
ister  of  Original  Writs,”  in  Harvard  Law  Review ,  iii,  100.  I  exam¬ 
ined  in  the  Harvard  Law  library  nine  editions  of  the  Natura  Brevium , 
printed  between  1525  and  1584,  but  did  not  find  a  single  instance  of 
writs  on  the  statutes  of  labourers. 

2  The  references  to  all  these  cases  would  take  too  much  space,  but  in 
the  course  of  this  chapter  many  of  them  will  be  referred  to  specificallv. 

The  Registrum  includes  three  forms  of  writs  on  the  contract  clause: 
first,  against  a  servant  for  departure  before  the  end  of  his  term ; 
second,  against  an  employer  for  the  retention  of  a  servant  who  had  thus 
illegally  departed  ;  and  third,  against  both  servant  and  employer 
for  departure  and  retention  respectively;  189. 

3De  Banco,  38,  Trin.,  86,  Camb.;  46,  Hill.,  102,  York  and  46,  Pasch., 
221  d,  York. 

*Ibid.,  41,  Trin.,  248  d,  Line.;  45,  Trin.,  247,  Camb.  and  46,  Trin., 
361,  Camb. 

For  the  discussion  of  the  date  of  this  statute,  cf.  p.  25,  note  1. 
OnR  35  De  Banco  and  8  Coram  Rege  Rolls  were  examined  for  the 
period  subsequent  to  its  enactment. 


376  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

volving  the  statutes,  6  of  which  refer  to  the  contract 1  and 
one  to  the  compulsory  service  clause.2  In  the  court  of 
king’s  bench  there  are  22  cases  on  the  contract  clause,  and 
2  cases  involving  the  statutes  in  general.3  Therefore  of 
the  312  cases,  299  are  on  the  contract  clause,  and  6  involve 
it, — a  total  of  305  ;  whereas  there  are  only  2  cases  on  the  com¬ 
pulsory  service  clause,  and  one  involving  it;  2  on  the  statute 
of  the  35th  year,  and  2  involving  the  statutes  in  general, — a 
total  of  7.  Of  actions  that  have  reached  merely  the  initial 
stage,  the  47  De  Banco  Rolls  contain  one  on  the  summer 
and  winter  clause,4  9  on  the  statute  of  the  35th  year,  and 
nearly  60  on  the  compulsory  service  clause.  The  last  group, 
while  numerous  in  comparison  with  the  two  that  have  reached 
a  later  stage,  in  absolute  numbers  is  still  far  less  than  the 
actions  on  the  contract  clause  in  the  initial  stage,  which, 
roughly  speaking,  amount  to  over  2500.  Several  important 
suits  for  breach  of  contract  deal  with  the  rights  of  lords  over 
their  tenants,  both  villein  and  free,  but  no  action  has  come 
under  my  observation  based  directly  on  this  clause,  nor  a 
single  instance  of  a  case  on  the  wages  or  price  clause.  In 
view  of  the  figures  just  given  it  is  natural  that  the  rolls  of 
exigends  5  and  the  pardons  for  outlawry  c  should  show  few 
examples  of  infringement  of  the  statutes  other  than  of  the 
contract  clause. 

The  later  legal  treatises  (not  counting  the  Registrant) 
reveal  the  same  emphasis  on  the  contract.  The  form  of 

1  Cases  10,  17  and  43,  app.,  F,  5  and  6;  case  30,  list  in  app.,  F,  3;  De 
Banco,  40,  Pasch.,  175,  Suff.;  40,  Mich.,  175  d,  Essex  and  41,  Trin., 
312,  Essex.  Throughout  this  chapter  “  list  in  app.”  refers  to  the  list 
in  F,  3. 

2  De  Banco,  50,  Hill.,  345,  Surrey.  s  App.,  213,  and  pp.  123-124,  note  1. 

4De  Banco,  29,  Pasch.,  135  d,  Notts. 

5 Included  among  Coroners’  Rolls;  see  p.  166,  note  2,  and  app.,  413- 

G  Enrolled  on  the  Patent  Rolls;  see  p.  166,  note  2,  and  app.,  415. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


1 77 


the  one  count  on  the  statute  of  labourers  given  in  Novae 
N arrationes  is  for  an  action  for  departure,1  and  the  two  pleas 
recorded  in  Liber  Intrationum  are  both  for  departure  and 
retention.2  Fitzherbert  in  his  commentary  touches  on  the 
compulsory  service  and  the  summer  and  winter  clauses,  and 
on  the  relation  of  the  lord  to  his  villein,  but  for  the  first 
two  gives  no  reference  to  reported  cases;  he  omits  the 
wages  clause  altogether  and  lays  all  the  stress  on  the  terms 
of  the  contract/5  It  is  significant  that  Brooke  in  mention¬ 
ing  the  summer  and  winter  clause  merely  quotes  Fitz- 
hert’s  remarks.4  The  conclusion  from  all  the  above  data 
is  certainly  warranted  that,  in  sharp  contrast  to  what  was 
happening  in  quarter  sessions,  the  two  upper  courts  were 
concentrating  their  attention  on  the  enforcement  of  the  con¬ 
tract  clause  of  the  ordinance.5  An  explanation  of  this 
phenomenon  must  be  attempted. 

It  is,  of  course,  clear  that  the  receipt  of  excess  wages  and 
of  excess  price  was  a  question  of  fact  the  truth  of  which 
could  be  easily  and  legitimately  determined  by  justices  of 
labourers  and  their  juries;  while  the  question  of  contract 
involved  legal  problems  needing  the  opinion  of  the  trained 
and  learned  lawyers  of  the  upper  courts.6  It  is  also  true 
that  a  breach  of  contract  would  naturally  be  worth  while 
to  a  servant  only  if  he  were  enabled  thereby  to  secure  higher 
wages  than  he  was  already  receiving.  The  writs  for  de- 

1  App.,  413. 

2  *  ‘  Statuta  de  laboratoribus  contra  magistrum  et  seruientem  qui  placi- 
tant  licenciam  etc.,”  xxxii  f.;  “  Narratio  versus  seruientem  qui  recessit 
ante  finem  termini;”  lxve.  The  latter  is  given  in  the  table  of  contents 
but  I  have  not  succeeded  in  finding  it. 

2  New  Natura  Brevium ,  388-392. 

4  La  Graunde  Abridgement,  Laborers,  51. 

5  Leaving  aside  the  puzzling  question  of  the  presentments  in  Ancient 
Indictments. 

6 1  am  indebted  to  Professor  Vinogradoff  for  this  suggestion. 


iyg  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

parture  and  retention  as  given  in  the  Registrum  include 
the  significant  phrase  facta  .  .  .  promissione  .  .  .  de 
salario  plus  solito  recipiendo,1  and  although  on  the  Plea 
Rolls  the  writs  are  usually  shortened  by  the  omission  of 
just  this  phrase,  even  here  it  sometimes  appears.2  There 
are  instances  where  the  actual  figures  are  mentioned  in  the 
count.  For  example,  in  an  action  for  departure  and  re¬ 
tention  it  appears  that  the  plaintiff’s  terms  had  been  as  fol¬ 
lows:  for  one  servant,  2d.  per  day  and  food,  for  the  other 
servant,  a  quarter  of  corn  every  ten  weeks  and  7s.  a  year; 
while  the  tempting  advance  offered  by  the  defendant  was 
1 2d.  per  day  for  each  servant.3  Indirectly  therefore  the 
wages  legislation  was  being  enforced  through  the  medium 
of  the  enforcement  of  contracts.  More  important,  how¬ 
ever,  than  either  of  the  above  considerations  is  the  status 
of  the  common  law  in  relation  to  parol  contracts.  Stress 
has  previously  been  laid  on  the  fact  that  at  this  date  only 

contracts  based  on  writing  had  validity  in  the  courts  of 

king’s  bench  and  of  common  pleas ; 4  in  a  later  section  5  it 
will  be  shown  somewhat  in  detail  that  the  ordinance  ren¬ 
dered  it  possible  to  enforce  in  these  courts  agreements  be- 

JApp.,  411. 

2 1  give  a  few  references  to  writs  enrolled  on  the  Plea  Rolls  which  in¬ 
clude  the  phrases  beginning  “  nec  ullus  eciam  mercedes  etc.,”  or 

“facta  .  .  .  promissione  etc.,”  or  both.  Case  3,  list  in  app.;  De 

Banco;  29,  Hill.,  59,  Bucks.;  69,  Norfolk;  29,  Pasch.,  157  d,  Wilts.; 
152  d,  Dorset.  Coram  Rege;  27,  Trin.,  Shareshull,  45  d,  Midd.;  27, 
Mich.,  Shareshull,  94,  Norfolk;  77  d,  Suffolk;  28,  Hill.,  Shareshull, 
40,  Lincoln;  74,  Surrey;  59  d,  Oxford.  My  impression  is  that  as  the 
years  went  by  the  shorter  form  of  the  writ  became  more  usual. 

3  Case  3,  list  in  app.  This  is  the  only  instance  that  has  come  to  my 
notice  where  wages  are  as  high  as  those  mentioned  by  Knighton,  ii, 
62,  quoted  by  Professor  Tout,  Polit.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  372.  The  counts 
furnish  excellent  opportunities  for  adding  to  our  knowledge  of  the  rates 
of  wages. 

4Pt.  ii.  ch.  i,  and  especially  pp.  157-158,  notes  1  and  2. 


5S.  5. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


179 

tween  masters  and  servants,  even  though  not  made  in 
writing. 

The  significance  of  the  discovery  through  this  analysis 
of  cases  that  only  the  contract  and  compulsory  service 
clauses  were  dealt  with  by  the  two  upper  courts  lies  partly 
in  the  circumstance  that  it  is  thus  proved  that  the  ordinance, 
not  the  statute,  was  the  essential  document,  and  that  dur¬ 
ing  the  long  period  before  it  was  made  a  statute  1  it  had 
all  the  force  of  statute  law. 

(4)  Classes  to  which  the  compulsory  service  and  contract 
clauses  applied. — The  analysis  of  the  work  of  quarter  ses¬ 
sions  showed  that  the  juries,  in  by  far  the  majority  of  in¬ 
stances,  were  making  presentments  against  the  takers  of 
excess  wages  and  prices,  chiefly  agricultural  labourers,  do¬ 
mestic  servants,  victuallers,  and  representatives  of  handi¬ 
crafts,  and  only  very  occasionally  against  members  of  the 
employing  class,  even  in  contract  cases ; 2  for  practical  pur¬ 
poses  it  may  be  said  that  the  justices  of  labourers  were  en¬ 
forcing  the  law  against  manual  labourers  only.  It  must 
now  be  ascertained  whether  this  statement  is  also  to  be 
made  of  the  application  by  the  upper  courts  of  the  two 
clauses  of  which  they  took  cognizance. 

Compulsory  service.  The  wording  of  the  ordinance  is 
explicit :  3  all  able-bodied  men  and  women  under  sixty.4 

1  Cf.  p.  2,  note  8. 

2  See  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  ss.  3,  4  and  5.  Suits  brought  by  individuals  are  so 
few  in  comparison  with  presentments  of  juries  that  they  need  scarcely 
be  counted,  but  the  same  description  applies  to  them. 

3  Already  summarized  and  discussed  in  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  3. 

4 The  minimum  age  is  not  indicated.  There  is  some  ambiguity  in 
Fitzherbert’s  comment:  “  An  Infant  of  12  Years  of  Age  shall  be  bound 
by  his  Covenant  to  serve  in  Husbandry  .  .  .  although  he  may  spend 
40  Shillings  or  12  Marks  by  the  Year.”  New  Nat.  Brev.,  390-391. 
This  seems  rather  to  apply  to  liability  of  minors  for  a  contract;  cf. 
pp.  185--186. 


l8o  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 


both  free  and  bond,  not  living  by  trade  or  handicraft,  and 
without  land  sufficient  to  occupy  them,  are  bound  to  ac¬ 
cept  service  with  the  first  employer  who  offers  them  work 
at  the  legal  rate  of  wages.1  It  is  obvious  that  the  clause 
is  not  meant  to  apply  to  persons  above  the  labouring  class,2 
and  that  of  the  latter  it  would  affect  mainly  agricultural 
labourers  and  domestic  servants.  The  differentiation  of  in¬ 
dividuals  liable  to  compulsory  labour  from  those  not  liable 
is  purely  an  economic  one  and  naturally  causes  some  diffi¬ 
culties  of  interpretation.  Accordingly,  a  petition  in  parlia¬ 
ment  complains  that  labourers  make  insufficient  holdings  an 
excuse  for  idleness ; 3  in  one  reported  case  issue  is  taken  on 
the  question  of  the  performance  of  how  many  services 
exempts  a  man  from  the  clause ; 4  in  another,  a  labourer,  on 
being  put  into  the  stocks  for  refusal  to  serve,  brings  an 

1  Fitzherbert,  op.  tit.,  389:  “And  if  a  Man  be  required  to  serve,  and 
hath  not  Lands  nor  Tenements  to  live  upon,  nor  other  Art  or  Trade, 
and  he  refuseth  to  serve,  then  he  who  requireth  him  to  serve,  shall  have 
this  Writ  .  .  .  .”  For  the  writ  cf.  app.,  412. 

2 Fitzherbert,  op.  tit.,  391:  “  He  who  hath  not  sufficient  Lands  of  his 
own  to  occupy,  shall  be  compelled  to  serve.”  Again:  “  And  so  a  Gen¬ 
tleman  by  his  Covenant  shall  be  bound  to  serve,  although  he  were  not 
compellable  to  serve.  For  if  a  Gentleman,  or  Chaplain,  or  Carpenter, 
or  such  which  shall  not  be  compelled  to  serve,  yet  if  they  covenant  to 
serve,  they  shall  be  bound  by  their  Covenant,  and  an  Action  will  lie 
against  them  for  departing  from  their  service.” 

In  Reeves,  Hist.  Evg.  Law,  ii,  275,  a  Year  Book  report  of  an  action 
for  departure  against  a  chaplain  (10  H.  VI,  f.  8,  p.  30)  is  quoted  to  the 
effect  that  the  statute  “  was  not  made  but  for  labourers  in  husbandry;  as 
in  the  case  of  a  knight,  or  esquire,  or  a  gentleman,  you  cannot  compel 
him  to  be  in  your  service  by  the  statute,  for  that  the  statute  is  not  to  be 
understood  [but]  of  labourers  who  are  in  grant,  and  have  nothing 
whereby  to  live.”  Evidently  at  this  date  there  is  some  confusion  be¬ 
tween  the  contract  and  the  compulsory  service  clauses. 

3 Rot .  Pari.,  ii,  261  b;  labourers  “  pernent  bovees  de  terre,  ou  demy 
bovee,  des  Seignurs,  quele  n’est  pas  sufficiancie  pur  eux  dount  vivre,  ou 
estre  occupez,  de  lour  excuser  de  servir  par  termes  ...”  cf.  also  ibid., 
iii,  17  a,  and  pp.  73-74  of  this  monograph. 

*  Case  20,  app.  F,  4. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


181 


action  of  false  imprisonment  against  the  official  who  had 
administered  the  penalty,  on  the  plea  that  he  (the  labourer) 
held  enough  land  to  secure  exemption  from  the  law.1  Evi¬ 
dence  that  employers  frequently  succeeded  in  securing  this 
penalty  of  stocks  for  labourers  unwilling  to  work  is  af¬ 
forded  by  the  numerous  instances  of  actions  of  trespass  in 
which  it  appears  that  such  delinquents  had  been  rescued 
vi  et  armis  from  their  confinement.2  At  this  time  of  great 
scarcity  of  labourers  of  all  kinds,  there  was  inevitably  much 
wandering  from  place  to  place  of  both  free  men  and  villeins, 
seeking  to  take  advantage  of  the  situation  by  demanding 
the  highest  possible  wages.  In  the  crisis  the  ordinance 
tried  to  provide  labour  for  employers  at  the  old  rates  by 
giving  them  this  right  of  seizing  idle  vagrants,  and  putting 
them  to  work; 3  the  right  is,  however,  subject  to  two  im¬ 
portant  limitations  which  must  be  analyzed  later,  the  pre¬ 
ference  given  to  former  masters  in  the  case  of  free  men,1 
and  to  lords  in  the  case  of  villeins.5 

Contract  clause.  The  299  cases  for  breach  of  contract 6 
fall  into  three  groups:  1.  136  actions  brought  by  masters 
against  servants  for  departure  before  the  end  of  their  term ; 
2.  1 16  brought  by  masters  against  other  masters  for  re¬ 
tention  of  servants  out  of  their  service  before  the  end  of 
their  term ;  3.  47  brought  by  masters  against  both  servants 
for  departure  and  other  masters  for  retention.  To  these 

1Case  39,  list  in  app.  Cf.  Reeves,  op.  cit.,  ii,  247,  for  a  commentary 
on  this  report. 

2  See  p.  176,  note  2,  for  a  reference  to  one  of  these  cases.  In  an  action 
for  departure  it  appears  that  the  plaintiff  having  found  the  defendant 
“  vagantem  ”  and  refusing  to  work  although  “  potens  in  corpore  ”  and 
possessing  nothing  wherewith  to  live,  had  caused  the  constable  to  put 
him  in  stocks  until  he  agreed  to  make  a  contract  within  the  terms  of 
the  law;  De  Banco,  51,  Pasch.,  206,  Surrey. 

JSee  p.  3,  and  note  1;  also,  Reeves,  op.  cit.,  ii,  247. 

4S.  5.  5S.  6. 


6S.  3. 


1S2  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 


must  be  added  the  6  cases  involving  the  contract  clause; 
they  include  one  action  of  false  imprisonment  brought  by  a 
servant  against  a  master  and  five  actions  of  trespass  vi  et 
armis  brought  by  masters  against  other  masters  for  taking 
servants  out  of  their  service.  It  appears  therefore  that  a 
sixth  of  the  cases  for  breach  of  contract  are  against  em¬ 
ployers  as  well  as  servants  and  that  over  a  third  in  addition 
are  against  employers  alone;  in  contrast  then  to  quarter 
sessions,  the  upper  courts  were  making  a  vigorous  attempt 
to  compel  the  employing  class  to  obey  the  law.  Now  to 
what  social  and  economic  status  do  the  delinquent  employees 
belong,  for  convenience  des’gnated  by  the  general  term  of 
“servants?”  The  wording  of  the  ordinance,  “reaper, 
mower,  or  other  workman  or  servant,  of  whatever  condi¬ 
tion  he  may  be  ”  certainly  suggests  manual  labourers,  es¬ 
pecially  those  occupied  in  agriculture;  but  a  classification  of 
the  employees  1  concerned  in  the  305  contract  cases  gives  a 
definite  answer  to  the  question.  The  s;x  involving  the  con-' 
tract  clause  may  be  dismissed  first :  they  include  two  vil¬ 
leins,  a  labourer,  a  ploughman  and  carter,  a  housemaid, 
and  two  servants.2  The  299  cases  are  divided  as  follows: 
agricultural  labourers,  116;3  household  servants,  30; 4 

*In  the  departure  cases,  the  employees  are  of  course  the  defendants, 
but  in  the  retention  cases  they  are  not  parties  to  the  suit  although  the 
cause  of  the  suit. 

2  See  p.  175,  note  1. 

3  It  would  take  too  much  space  to  print  all  my  references  to  the  Plea 
Rolls;  I  merely  give  a  list  of  the  occupations  represented,  some  of 
which  appear  more  frequently  than  others.  Bercarius,  carectarius,  car- 
ectarius  et  carucarius  (or  order  reversed),  carucarius,  earthwoman,  in 
officio  colligendi  garbas,  in  officio  custodiendi  equos,  in  officio  ad  erad- 
icandum  spinas,  custos  aueriorum,  deye,  fugator  caruce,  herbarius, 
laborarius,  communis  laborarius,  messor,  mower,  pastor,  porcarius, 
shepherd,  tentor  caruce,  vaccarius. 

4Ancilla,  bona  ancilla,  communis  ancilla,  cellarius,  cokus,  lotrix, 
nutrex,  in  officio  cariandi  aquam,  communis  seruiens  et  ad  sellas  faci- 
endas,  communis  seruiens,  ostillarius  et  seruiens  demi. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


183 

artisans,  30;  1  victuallers,  17; 2  servants,  with  no  account  of 
duties,  36 ;  unclassified,  4 ; 3  above  the  class  of  manual  la¬ 
bourers,  19; 4  occupation  illegible  or  not  recorded  in  my 
notes,  47.  In  the  83  doubtful  instances  it  is  safe  to  infer  that 
a  third  are  concerned  with  agriculture;  therefore  nearly 
a  half  of  the  total  number  of  “  servants  ”  are  agricultural 
labourers,  half  again  of  these  being  ploughmen.5  Of  the 
servants  not  coming  under  the  head  of  agricultural  la¬ 
bourers,  fully  a  third  came  from  London  alone;  as  far  as 
the  country  at  large  is  concerned  therefore,  the  popular  be¬ 
lief  that  this  legislation  affected  chiefly  the  tillers  of  the 

'Building  trade:  carpentarius,  faber,  plumbarius,  seruiens  tegularii. 
Clothing  trade:  alutarius,  breoderer,  cissor,  cordewaner,  fullator,  ser¬ 
uiens  in  officio  apprenticii  pannarii,  sutrex,  taillor  et  clothier,  textor, 
zonarius.  Various:  aurifaber,  armirarius,  cardemaker,  Sagittarius,  ser¬ 
uiens  of  a  sporiere. 

2Ancilla  pro  taberna  bocher,  braciator,  braciatrix,  garcon  ad  custodi- 
endum  shopam  et  ad  vendendum  carnes,  molendinarius,  pandoxatrix, 
pistor,  pistor  et  braciator,  pistrix  et  braciatrix,  pulter,  tabernarius  vin- 
orum,  tapester,  vinetarius. 

3  Malieman,  marinarius,  hobelarius  ad  arma,  seruiens  in  officio  mares- 
calcie. 

4  For  the  occupations  represented,  see  pp.  186-187. 

6 Eulogium  Historiarum,  iii,  214:  “  Cessante  pestilentia  nutu  Divino 
tanta  facta  est  paucitas  servientium  quod  non  sunt  inventi  ad  agricul- 
turam  faciendam,  pro  quorum  defectu  mulieres  et  parvuli  invise  missi 
sunt  ad  carucas  et  ad  plaustra  fuganda.”  Was  Chaucer’s  description  of  a 
ploughman  a  satire? 

“  With  him  ther  was  a  Plowman,  was  his  brother, 

That  hadde  y-lad  of  dong  ful  many  a  fother, 

A  trewe  swinker  and  a  good  was  he, 

Livinge  in  pees  and  parfit  charitee. 

God  loved  he  best  with  al  his  hole  herte 
At  alle  tymes,  thogh  him  gamed  or  smerte, 

And  thanne  his  neighebore  right  as  hym-selve. 

He  wolde  thresshe,  and  ther — to  dyke  and  delve, 

For  Christes  sake,  for  every  povre  wight, 

Withouten  hyre,  if  it  lay  in  his  might.” 

— Prologue  to  the  Canterbury  Tales ,  verses  529-538. 


1 84  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

soil  receives  strong  confirmation.  The  application  of  the 
contract  clause  to  members  of  the  victualling  trade,  to  house¬ 
hold  servants,  and  to  agricultural  labourers,  raises  no  legal 
questions,  except  in  regard  to  the  last-named  class  in  those 
actions  in  which  the  plea  of  villeinage  is  urged.  The  dis¬ 
cussion  of  this  subject  is  reserved  for  a  future  section;1 
here  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  there  is,  of  course,  no  instance 
of  an  action  against  a  villein  as  such  for  breach  of  the 
statutory  contract;2  the  lord’s  court  already  had  remedies 
against  fugitive  bondmen.  In  the  case,  however,  of  arti¬ 
sans,  of  apprentices,  of  minors,  and  of  men  above  the  la¬ 
bouring  class,  during  the  course  of  Edward’s  reign,  several 
interesting  problems  arose  as  to  the  application  of  the  new 
law. 

Artisans.  For  a  time  the  contract  clause  was  enforced 
without  question  against  artisans;  3  but  in  1364,  in  the  court 
of  common  pleas  in  an  action  brought  against  a  carpenter 
for  departure,4  as  learned  a  lawyer  as  Bealknap  urges  on 
behalf  of  the  defendant  that  only  the  excess  wages  clause 
applied  to  a  carpenter;  the  plea  is  not  allowed  by  the  court 
and  the  defendant  is  forced  to  deny  the  covenant.  Ap¬ 
parently  this  precedent  was  not  held  sufficient;  for,  nine 
years  later,  in  a  similar  action  in  the  same  court  against  a 
“  breoderer,”  counsel  puts  in  a  still  more  general  plea  that 
the  clause  applied  only  to  servants  and  labourers,  not  to 
artificers;  the  ruling  of  the  court  that  the  clause  applied 
equally  to  artificers  must  have  settled  the  matter.5 

1S.  6. 

sThe  one  possible  exception  to  this  statement  is  an  action  for  the  re¬ 
tention  of  a  natiuum  et  seruientem;  see  p.  205,  note  4. 

3 E.  g.,  De  Banco,  30,  Pasch.,  183  d,  Sussex;  33,  Pasch.,  232  d,  Lond. 
In  30  actions  against  artisans  the  question  is  raised  only  twice.  Cf. 
Fitzherbert,  S7ipra,  p.  180,  note  2,  and  Reeves,  op.  cit.,  ii,  247.  The 
latter  merely  quotes  the  argument  in  case  40,  list  in  app. 

4  Case  44,  app.,  F,  4.  5  Case  40,  list  in  app. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


185 

Apprentices.  In  one  of  the  earliest  cases  on  the  contract 
clause  brought  in  the  court  of  king’s  bench  by  a  draper  for 
the  retention  of  his  servant,  the  latter  is  described  in 
the  count  as  bound  to  him  for  seven  years  as  apprentice  in 
the  clothing  trade;  the  plea  of  the  defendants  is  an  action 
of  ravishment  of  ward  pending  in  the  court  of  common 
pleas  between  the  same  parties  for  the  same  cause,  and  in¬ 
cludes  no  reference  to  the  question  of  apprenticeship.3  It 
looks  therefore  as  if  at  first  the  courts  permitted  the  con¬ 
tract  clause  to  apply  to  apprentices  as  well  as  to  servants; 
by  1365,  however,  it  is  distinctly  ruled  that  an  action  for 
departure  on  the  statute  does  not  lie  against  an  apprentice; 
the  defendant  is  forced  to  plead  that  he  was  a  servant,  not 
an  apprentice.2 

Minors.  The  clearest  statement  of  the  law  is  in  a  report 
of  a  case  of  which  I  have  not  found  the  record; 8  in  an  action 

1Case  2,  list  in  app.:  “  seruientem  ipsius  Willelmi  in  seruicio  sito, 
videlicet,  in  officio  apprenticii  pannarii  .  .  .  nuper  retentum  ad  com- 
morandum  .  .  .  vsque  ad  terminum  septem  annorum.”  Note  from  the 
record.  Cf.  also  the  case  summarized  on  p.  21 1,  in  which  the  issue  of 
apprenticeship  is  not  raised. 

2  Case  16,  list  in  app. ;  cf.  also  case  31 ,  app. ,  F,  4.  There  are  several  in¬ 
stances  of  this  plea;  e.  g.,  De  Banco,  47,  Hill.,  297,  Lond.  Cf.  Fitz- 
herbert,  op.  cit.,  391:  “  And  a  Man  shall  not  have  an  Action  against  an 
Apprentice  upon  his  Departure,  upon  the  Statute;”  also  Reeves,  of. 
cit.,  ii,  247. 

3 Case  27,  list  in  app.  In  case  12,  list  in  app.,  it  is  ruled  that  the 
child  in  question  was  too  young  to  make  a  contract  but  that  neverthe¬ 
less  it  was  illegal  to  take  him  out  of  his  service.  The  question  had 
been  apparently  decided  in  the  same  way  some  years  before;  cf.  case  6, 
app.,  F,  4,  a  case  in  which  there  is  a  strange  difference  between  the 
report  and  the  record.  Fitzherbert,  op.  cit.,  390:  “If  a  Man  take  an 
Infant  or  other  out  of  another’s  Service,  he  shall  be  punished,  although 
the  Infant  or  other  were  not  retained.”  Hale’s  note  is  based  on  the 
reports  of  my  cases  6  and  12:  “  See  where  a  Servant  was  but  9  Years 
old,  in  a  Writ  against  him,  and  the  Husband  and  Wife  who  had  retained 
him,  the  Infant  was  discharged,  but  the  Husband  and  Wife  put  to 
answer,  and  they  plead  that  he  was  not  retained  by  them,  and  Issue 


1 86  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


brought  against  a  child  of  five  for  departure  and  a  master 
for  its  retention,  judgment  is  given  for  the  defendants,  on 
the  ground  that  since  the  child  is  too  young  to  make  a  con¬ 
tract,  no  action  lies  against  him  for  departure;  and  since 
none  lies  against  the  principal,  there  can,  therefore,  be  none 
against  the  accessory,  the  master,  for  retention.  In  other 
words,  the  contract  clause  does  not  apply  to  minors  al¬ 
though  it  appears  that  there  is  a  remedy  at  common  law 
for  the  actual  “  taking  ”  of  a  child  out  of  service.  Some¬ 
where  between  thirteen  and  either  fifteen  or  sixteen,  depend¬ 
ing  on  whether  one  takes  the  evidence  of  the  report  or  of 
the  record  of  the  same  case,  is  the  age  at  which  for  the 
purpose  of  contracting,  a  child  ceases  to  be  a  minor.1 

Above  the  class  of  manual  labourers.  Except  in  the  case 
of  chaplains  which  I  shall  discuss  at  length,  there  is  no  evi¬ 
dence  that  issue  was  taken  during  Edward’s  reign  on  the 
applicability  of  the  contract  clause  to  men  employed  for 
salaries  in  occupations  that  cannot  be  described  as  merely 
manual.  The  records  show  actions  for  departure  or  reten¬ 
tion  involving  the  following:  armiger  et  camerarius ,2  five 
balliui ,3  two  camerarii  et  sagittarii4  two  clerici ,5  one  of 

taken,  but  as  it  seems  to  me  Finchden  there  takes  a  good  Diversity,  if 
the  Servant  departs  first  (where  he  was  never  lawfully  retained)  there 
an  Action  does  not  lie  against  him  who  shall  afterwards  retain  him: 
contra  if  he  be  taken  with  Force,  etc..  Action  lies,  tho  he  found  the 
Infant  Vagrant  and  retained  him.”  See  also  p.  195  and  note  4. 

1  Case  26,  list  in  app.;  but  Fitzherbert  and  Hale  both  put  the  limit  a 
little  earlier,  i.  e.,  at  twelve  for  a  covenant  in  husbandry;  see  supra , 
p.  179,  note  4. 

2 Coram  Rege,  48,  Mich.,  Cavendissh,  18,  Lond. 

3De  Banco,  33,  Mich.,  250,  Hunts.;  39,  Pasch.,  287  d,  Dorset;  50, 
Hill.,  487  d,  Norfolk;  record  of  case  33  and  case  34,  list  in  app.  An 
analysis  of  the  last  is  given  infra ,  p.  188,  note  2. 

4Coram  Rege,  48,  Mich.,  Cavendissh,  18  d,  Lond.;  De  Banco,  47, 
Hill.,  79,  Camb. 

5 Ibid.,  46,  Pasch.,  350  d,  York;  47,  Hill.,  377  d,  York.  In  the  latter 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


1 87 

whom  is  a  school-teacher,  decanns  decannatus,1  hospiciar- 
ius ,2  mercator ,3  a  man  who  had  been  retained  m  officio  ad 
colligendum  elemosinas  Sancti  Antonii  et  Sancti  Spirit  us," 
senescallus.5  The  pleas  are  all  perfectly  commonplace,  issue 
being  taken  on  mere  questions  of  fact, — permission  to  depart, 
difference  of  dates  of  contract,  lack  of  payment,  denial  of 
retention  or  of  departure.  It  is  true  that  a  plea  to  the  ef¬ 
fect  that  the  statute  was  not  applicable  to  this  class  of  em¬ 
ployees,  if  not  allowed  by  the  court,  would  not  have  found 
its  way  on  to  the  records;  it  would,  however,  almost  surely 
have  been  noted  by  some  reporters  and  therefore  appeared 
in  the  Year  Books  ; 6  the  silence  of  the  latter  for  the  reign 
of  Edw.  Ill,  confirmed  by  the  evidence  of  the  above  cases, 
certainly  proves  that  at  this  time  the  contract  clause  was 
applied  very  generally. 

Chaplains.  Objections  were  made  only  in  the  case  of 
chaplains.  In  this  instance  also  it  is  important  to  use  the 
records  of  cases  not  reported  as  well  as  the  reports;  the 
former  afford  conclusive  proof  that  for  a  time  writs  based 
on  the  contract  clause  were  upheld  by  the  courts  against 
chaplains  just  as  against  bailiffs  and  school-teachers.  There 

the  defendant  had  been  retained  by  the  plaintiff:  “ad  deserviendum  ei 
in  arte  sua,  videlicet,  ad  adiscendum  scolares  suos  in  scolis  suis  grama- 
tice.”  Cf.  in  Gasquet’s  Great  Pestilence ,  48,  a  quotation  from  Contin- 
uatio  Chronici  Guillelmi  di  Nangiaco:  “And  few  were  found  who 
could  or  would  teach  children  the  rudiments  of  grammar  in  houses,  cities 
or  villages.” 

*  De  Banco,  42,  Hill.,  381  d,  Norfolk. 

2 Ibid.,  49,  Mich.,  77  d,  Suffolk. 

3  Ibid.,  46,  Mich.,  644,  Lond. 

4 Ibid. ,  50,  Mich.,  471,  Wilts.  Ibid.,  49,  Trin.,  250  d,  Leic. 

6  In  case  33,  list  in  app.,  an  action  for  departure,  the  defendant  had 
merely  denied  the  retention;  the  reporter  quotes  the  case  for  a  point  on 
the  law  of  contract,  and  it  only  appears  from  the  record  that  the  defend¬ 
ant’s  occupation  was  that  of  a  bailiff. 


1 88  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


are  several  cases  where  issue  is  taken  on  questions  of  fact, — 
denial  of  retention  or  reasonable  cause  for  departure ; 1  but 
at  the  very  end  of  the  reign  a  successful  attempt  is  made  to 
take  chaplains  out  of  the  category  of  those  against  whom 
an  action  on  the  ordinance  could  be  brought.  In  the  first 
case  in  which  the  change  is  noted  the  report  is  exceedingly 
condensed ; 2  to  the  plaintiff’s  count  that  the  defendant  had 
broken  a  covenant  to  be  seneschal  and  to  celebrate  divine 
services,  the  plea  is  urged  that  he  had  merely  been  retained 
to  chant  masses — which  does  not  come  under  the  statute ;  no 
argument  is  given  either  in  report  or  record.  The  report  and 
record  of  the  second  case,  a  year  later,  are  more  explicit  ;3  the 

'De  Banco,  30,  Pasch.,  217  d,  Warwick;  41  d,  Devon;  in  the  latter 
the  defendant’s  contract  with  “  parsona  ecclesie’’  had  been  “quod  de- 
seruiret  ei  in  officio  capellani  parochialis  ecclesie  sue  de  Beworth  et 
haberet  curam  rectorie  sue  ibidem.’’  Ibid.y  39,  Pasch.,  392,  Midd., 
contains  a  record  of  a  case  in  which  the  contract  had  been  “  in  officio 
capellani  parochialis,”  and  the  defendant’s  plea  is  reasonable  cause  for 
departure:  “quod  tempore  conuencionis  predicte  facte  inter  eos,  con- 
cordatum  fuit  quod  idem  Walterus  inter  alia  inueniret  ipsi  Thome  per 
totum  tempus  predictum  tabulam  suam,  videlicet,  victum  vt  in  cibis  et 
potubus  et  eciam  vnam  cameram  pro  huiusmodi  seruicio  et  dicit  quod 
ad  prefatum  festum  Pasche  predictus  Walterus  tabulam  suam  ipsi  Thome 
subtraxit  .  .  .  camera  sua  expulsit  et  eas  ei  vlterius  inuenire  noluit.” 

2  Case  34,  list  in  app.  In  the  record  the  plaintiff  claims  that  the  de¬ 
fendant’s  contract  had  been  “in  officio  balliui  et  colectoris  firmarum  et 
reddituum  ad  capellam  .  .  .  spectantium.”  To  which  the  defendant 
replied  that  his  contract  had  been  not  “  in  officio  balliui”  but  “  in  officio 
capellani  ad  celebrandum  missas  et  alia  diuina  facienda  que  ad  officium 
sacerdotis  in  ecclesia  Dei  spectant.”  Although  there  is  a  difference  in 
the  dates  of  the  report  and  the  record,  as  well  as  a  slight  discrepancy 
between  the  counts,  my  belief  is  that  they  refer  to  the  same  action. 
With  the  exception  of  two,  I  have  examined  all  the  De  Banco  Rolls 
until  the  end  of  the  reign  and  have  found  no  other  chaplain  case  except 
the  record  of  case  42,  app.,  F,  4.  Moreover  out  of  312  cases,  there  are 
in  all  only  four  cases  besides  this  one  that  deal  with  chaplains,  and  as 
errors  in  the  dates  of  the  reports  are  frequent,  the  chances  are  in  favour 
of  the  correctness  of  my  hypothesis. 

3 Case  42,  app.,  F,  4. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


189 

chaplain  is  not  an  ordinary  labourer,  but  a  servant  of  God, 
and  he  should  be  punished  by  the  ecclesiastical  courts;  re¬ 
ferring  to  a  case  in  a  previous  term,  the  chief  justice  of 
common  pleas  says :  “it  is  our  opinion  and  that  of  our  com¬ 
panions  of  the  king’s  bench  that  a  chaplain  is  not  bound  by 
the  statute  as  other  people  are.”  The  plea  in  the  record  of 
this  action  that  the  ordinance  is  general,  referring  to  every 
kind  of  person  of  whatever  condition  or  rank,  while  not 
maintained  in  the  case  of  chaplains,  certainly  shows  the 
attitude  at  this  time  toward  the  contract  clause.1  In  the 
next  century  when  the  question  came  up  again,  limitations 
were  made  by  the  courts  on  this  elastic  interpretation  of  the 
law; 2  but  it  is  significant  and  worthy  of  emphasis  that  dur¬ 
ing  Edward's  reign,  while  quarter  sessions  were  enforcing 
the  wages  and  price  clauses  against  what  are  technically 
called  the  labouring  classes,  the  upper  courts  were  uphold¬ 
ing  an  extension  of  the  contract  clause  so  wide  as  to  make 
it  apply  to  all  who  were  working  for  salaries ;  an  extension 
undoubtedly  never  contemplated  by  the  framers  of  the 
ordinance. 

(5)  The  contract. — The  reason  for  the  application  by  the 
courts  of  the  contract  clause  of  the  ordinance  to  employees 
of  all  ranks  and  conditions  3  and  also  the  nature  of  this 
novel  form  of  contract,  can  best  be  understood  by  emphasiz- 

1  Fitzherbert,  curiously  enough,  although  he  summarizes  the  reports 
of  both  these  cases  in  his  abridgment,  does  not  refer  to  them  in  New 
Nat.  Brev.;  he  there  states  explicitly  that  a  chaplain  is  bound  by  a  sta¬ 
tutory  retainer;  see  supra ,  p.  180,  note  2.  Cf.  Reeves,  op.  cit.,  ii,  247, 
note:  “  Of  course  it  was  held  that  such  persons  {i.c.,  chaplains)  were  not 
within  the  statute.”  The  change  in  the  practice  of  the  courts  becomes 
apparent  only  by  a  study  of  the  Plea  Rolls.  It  seems  strange  that  the 
instructions  to  bishops  at  the  end  of  the  first  ordinance  were  not  quoted 
or  the  regulation  of  chaplains’  wages  by  36  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  8,  Statutes. 

2 Cf.  Reeves,  op.  cit.,  ii,  274,  note. 

3  See  s.  4  for  exceptions. 


jgo  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

ing  the  difference  between  the  latter  and  the  old  “covenant’ ? 
of  the  common  law;  the  discussion  in  this  section  is  re¬ 
stricted  to  cases  in  which  free  men  are  concerned.  The 
essential  distinction  although  not  specified  by  the  ordin¬ 
ance  is  made  clear  by  the  interpretation  of  the  courts;  in 
several  important  cases  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that 
an  action  of  covenant  at  common  law  can  be  maintained  only 
when  specialty  can  be  produced,  that  is,  when  the  covenant 
had  been  made  under  seal,1  while  a  retainer  under  the  or¬ 
dinance  is  an  engagement  not  based  on  a  written  document.2 
I  have  found  no  reference  to  the  necessity  of  witnesses  for 
the  validity  of  such  a  retainer  3  and  only  one  instance  of  the 
mention  of  the  taking  of  an  oath.4  The  contract  seems  to 
be  merely  a  parol  agreement,  with  no  formalities  prescribed 
as  to  the  method  according  to  which  it  was  to  be  made,5 
but  plainly  indicates  a  status  different  from  that  of  service 
without  any  agreement  at  all,  or  pro  volantate?  In  a 
number  of  cases  it  is  emphasized  by  the  courts  that  the  mere 
making  of  a  contract  of  this  kind,  even  if  the  service  has 

1  Cases  28  and  32,  app.,  F,  5;  cf.  pt.  ii,  ch.  i. 

2 Case  31,  app.,  F,  4;  “communis  retencio  siue  conduccio.”  The 
term  “  conuencio  ”  is  frequently  used;  e.  g.,  in  case  q,  app.,  F,  6.  It  is 
to  be  noted  that  both  on  the  Plea  Rolls  and  in  Fitzherbert’s  com¬ 
mentary,  the  ordinance  is  commonly  referred  to  as  the  statute;  1  shall 
try  in  this  section  to  distinguish  between  them. 

3  Such  as  are  suggested,  e.  g.,  in  the  Waterford  custumal;  see  p.  *59, 
note  6;  cf.  also  app.,  249,  for  reference  to  witnesses  in  a  compulsory 
service  case. 

4  Pat.,  28,  pt.  1,  m.  20,  16  Jan.;  “  Pro  priore  et  fratribus  de  Wytham.” 

r°Cf.  the  account  of  the  borough  law  of  agreement;  p.  159,  note  6. 

6De  Banco,  50,  Mich.,  545,  York.  The  request  of  the  insurgents 

recorded  in  the  Anominalle  Cronicle  (printed  by  Trevelyan  in  E.  H .  R., 
xiii,  517)  is  to  the  point:  “  que  null  ne  deveroit  servire  ascune  home 
mes  a  sa  volunte  de  mesme  et  par  couenante  taille.”  Mr.  Kriehn  has 
already  pointed  out  that  this  is  a  demand  for  the  repeal  of  the  statutes  of 
labourers;  “The  Social  Revolt  in  1381,“  in  A.  H.  R.,  vii,  282. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


19  X 

not  actually  begun,  is  equivalent  to  the  corporaliter  in  ser¬ 
vice  of  the  common  law.1 

Although  information  is  lacking  of  the  way  in  which  this 
parol  agreement  was  solemnized,  many  details  of  its  terms 
and  conditions  are  given  in  the  ordinance  or  appear  as  the 
result  of  decisions  of  the  courts.  The  statute  had  specified 
that  engagements  of  labourers  should  be  by  terms  of  the 
usual  length,  i.  e.  a  year  or  six  months,  and  not  by  the 
day;2  the  courts  therefore  hold  that  a  contract  for  a  day’s 
work  or  for  several  days  cannot  be  enforced  under  this 
legislation,  and  that  to  disprove  the  existence  of  a  statutory 
retainer  it  is  sufficient  to  show  that  the  agreement  had  been 
for  a  day  at  a  time  merely.3  An  extreme  instance  has  come 
to  my  notice  in  an  action  for  departure  and  retention  where 
the  justices  of  labourers  had  apparently  construed  such  ser¬ 
vice  by  the  day  as  equivalent  to  a  state  of  “  vagabondage.”  4 
As  early  as  1356  issue  is  raised  as  to  the  legality  under  the 
new  law,  of  a  contract  for  a  term  longer  than  a  year;  it  is 
at  this  date  decided  that  a  contract  of  even  seven  years  is 
admissible  5  and  records  of  actions  continue  for  some  time 
afterwards  to  show  examples  of  terms  varying  from  two  to 

1  Cases  28  and  36,  app.,  F,  5;  but  cf.  the  report  of  case  33,  list  in 
app.,  for  an  apparently  different  decision. 

2 App.,  13.  Hence  the  writ:  “Quod  servientes  deserviant  per  ter- 
minos  usuales  et  non  per  dietas,”  in  the  Registrum.  Cf.  also  the  quo¬ 
tation  from  Vox  Clamantis  given  on  p.  75,  note  2. 

3 Case  3,  list  in  app.;  De  Banco,  39,  Mich.,  233,  Camb.;  41,  Pasch., 
199  d,  York.  Fitzherbert,  op.  cit.,  391:  “And  if  a  Man  do  retain  one 
to  serve  him  for  40  Days,  and  another  doth  afterwards  retain  him  to 
serve  him  for  a  Year,  the  first  Covenant  is  avoided,  because  the  Retainer 
was  not  according  to  the  Statute. 

And  so  if  a  Man  be  retained  to  serve  at  every  Time  he  shall  be  re¬ 
quired,  it  is  no  Retainer  according  to  the  Statute,  but  a  Covenant  if  it 
be  by  Deed;  and  without  Deed  it  is  void.” 

4De  Banco,  38,  Pasch.,  198,  York. 

5 Case  6,  app.,  F,  4. 


JQ2  ENFORCEMENT  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 


ten  years.3  Subsequently,  however,  when  the  question 
comes  up  again,  the  justices  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
are  unable,  on  the  spot,  to  give  judgment; 2  but  since  later 
instances  occur  of  contracts  for  more  than  a  year,3  it  is  to 
be  inferred  that  their  decision  was  in  favour  of  the  long 
terms.  Other  elements  of  the  agreement  between  master 
and  servant,  such  as  the  amount  of  wages  and  the  details 
of  the  tasks  to  be  performed,  evidently  enter  into  the  mak¬ 
ing  of  the  contract,  as  they  are  often  explicitly  stated  in  the 
plaintiff’s  count,4  while  the  defendant  frequently  denies 
that  the  contract  had  been  of  the  form  thus  described. 

The  wording  of  the  clause  in  the  ordinance  stipulates  cer¬ 
tain  conditions  under  which  the  servant  is  released  from  his 
contract."  The  simplest  of  these  is  permission  from  the 
employer  to  depart,  a  fairfy  common  plea  on  the  part  of 
the  defendant.0  In  one  case  a  servant’s  wages  are,  by 
agreement,  deducted  for  his  absence ; 7  in  another,  a  writing 
releasing  the  servant  from  his  contract  is  produced  in  courts 

1  De  Banco,  33,  Pasch.,  11  d,  Line.,  3  years;  34,  Hill.,  205,  Devon, 
10  years;  case  26,  list  in  app.,  9  years;  record  of  case  29,  list  in  app., 
2  years;  case  18,  list  in  app.,  3  years. 

2 Case  31,  app.,  F,  4;  the  record  shows  that  Fitzherbert’s  summary  is 
not  correct. 

'SE.  g.,  De  Banco,  49,  Pasch.,  274  d,  Line.,  2  years;  cf.  Fitzherbert, 
op.  cit.,  391:  “  And  a  Man  may  retain  one  for  two  or  three  Years,  and 
it  is  good;”  also:  “  And  if  a  Man  do  retain  one  to  serve  him,  and  doth 
not  express  for  how  long  he  shall  serve  him,  he  shall  serve  him  for  a 
Year,  for  that  Retainer  is  according  to  the  statute.” 

*De  Banco  and  Coram  Rege  Rolls,  passim.  Cf.  e.  g.,  case  3,  list  in 
app.,  quoted  in  s.  3  or  the  following  description:  a  labourer  had  been 
retained  “  in  quodam  officio  ad  eradicandum  spinas,  tribulos  et  genettas 
in  quadam  pastura  vocata  le  Broom,  et  eandem  pasturam  mundandam 
et  claustrandam  .  .  .  per  vnum  annum  integrum.”  De  Banco,  45, 
Mich.,  434  d,  Essex.  5  App.,  9. 

0 E.g .,  De  Banco,  45,  Trin.,  259,  Camb.;  50,  Pasch.,  465  d,  Norfolk. 

7  Ibid.,  50,  Pasch.,  340  d,  Herts.  9 Ibid.,  40,  Mich.,  132  d,  Lond. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


l93 


A  justification  for  the  departure  of  a  servant,  allowed  by 
the  ordinance,  but  more  difficult  to  prove,  is  “  reasonable 
cause.”  This  is  interpreted  by  the  courts  in  varying  ways: 
unpaid  salary,  either  in  money  or  in  kind;1  lack  of  suffi¬ 
cient  food ;  2  ill-treatment,  of  which  there  are  many  specific 
instances;  thus  a  servant's  life  is  threatened,3  or  a  servant 
is  beaten  so  that  she  departs  pur  doute  de  mortd  In  addi- 

1  In  case  3,  list  in  app.,  an  action  against  a  master  for  retention  and 
against  two  servants  for  departure,  the  plea  of  one  of  the  latter  is  that 
his  wages  had  not  been  paid;  the  plea  is  traversed  by  the  plaintiff,  and 
the  issue  was  on  the  question  of  fact.  In  case  22,  list  in  app.,  the  de¬ 
fendant  justifies  his  departure  by  the  failure  of  the  plaintiff  to  pay  the 
wages  stipulated  and  issue  was  joined  on  the  question  as  to  whether  the 
payment  had  been  made.  In  De  Banco,  34,  Hill.,  276,  Kent,  the  de¬ 
fendant  justifies  his  departure  by  the  neglect  of  the  plaintiff  to  pay  the 
promised  wages  of  “  unum  quarterium  bladi  et  duos  solidos  argenti;” 
.  .  .  therefore  he  had  departed  “post  rationabilem  promonicionem 
eidem  Thome  prout  moris  est  factam.”  See  also  De  Banco,  41,  Mich., 
244  d,  Oxford;  45,  Hill.,  408,  Suffolk.;  49,  Pasch.,  298  d,  Kent.  In 
case  18,  list  in  app.,  when  a  servant  sues  an  employer  for  his  arrears  of 
wages  it  is  apparently  held  by  the  court  that  the  plaintiff’s  departure 
within  the  term,  if  proved,  would  bar  his  action. 

:!De  Banco,  39,  Pasch.,  392,  Midd.  ( ct .  p.  188,  note  1);  40,  Mich., 
142,  Camb.;  Fitzherbert,  op.cit.,  391:  “And  keeping  from  the  Servant 
Meat  and  Drink  is  a  good  Cause  for  his  Departure  from  his  Service. 

And  so  for  Battery;  or  Licence  to  depart,  is  a  good  Cause  of  De¬ 
parture.” 

::  De  Banco,  46,  Mich.,  299  d,  Leic.;  the  defendant,  a  “communis 
ancilla,”  had  departed  because  her  employer  had  threatened  to  take  her 
life  on  her  refusal  to  be  his  mistress.  Ibid.,  49,  Pasch.,  274  d,  Line.; 
the  plaintiff  is  accused  by  the  servant  of  having  threatened  him  “  de 
vita  et  membris.”  Ibid.,  38,  Trin.,  388  d,  Kent,  the  servant  (Willel- 
mus)  “  dicit  quod  Matilldis,  vxor  predicti  Iohannis  Colkyn  (the  first 
employer),  ipsum  Willelmum  de  die  in  diem  sepius  verberauit,  et  sim¬ 
iliter  idem  Iohannes  Colkyn  ipsam  Matilldem  manutenens  etc.,  ipsum 
de  vita  et  membris  minatus  fuit  et  ad  ipsum  verberandum  quendam  cul- 
tellum  extraxit,  per  quod  ipse  metu  mortis  sue  vel  perdicionis  aliquorum 
membrorum  etc.,  recessit  alibi  pro  seruicio  sibi  querendo,  ...” 

4Case  25,  list  in  app.  Fitzherbert,  op.  cit.,  392:  “If  the  Master’s 
Wife  do  beat  the  Servant,  it  is  good  Cause  for  the  Servant  to  depart  and 
leave  his  Service.” 


194 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


tion  to  these  specifications  by  the  ordinance  of  the  rights  of 
the  employee,  the  courts  hold  that  a  conditional  contract 
made  by  the  latter  is  valid  and  need  be  carried  out  only  if 
the  conditions  are  fulfilled;  for  example,  there  is  one  in¬ 
stance  of  an  engagement  made  subject  to  the  consent  of  the 
servant’s  parents,1  and  another,  to  that  of  a  previous  master.2 
It  is  also  ruled  by  the  courts  that  a  contract  made  by  a  ser¬ 
vant  under  compulsion  need  not  be  kept ; 8  that  imprison¬ 
ment  by  another  master  is  a  good  plea  to  justify  a  ser¬ 
vant’s  departure,4  also  forced  obedience  to  the  orders  of  the 
justices  of  labourers.5  In  nearly  half  the  departure  cases, 
however,  without  relying  on  any  of  the  above  justifications, 
the  servant  is  content  with  the  plea  of  a  bald  denial  of  the 
retainer ; 6  very  frequent  also  is  his  denial  of  his  departure 
within  the  term,  or  his  assertion  of  the  completion  of  his 
term ;  the  two  latter  pleas  being  often  based  on  the  claim  of 
a  difference  in  the  length  and  the  dates  of  the  term  agreed 
upon  from  those  named  by  the  plaintiff  in  his  count. 

It  is  evident  that  this  new  form  of  contract  gave  certain 
well-defined  rights  to  employees;  it  is  equally  evident  that 
it  bestowed  far  more  important  advantages  on  employers 
than  they  had  possessed  at  common  law,  both  as  against 

xCase  32,  app.,  F,  5.  For  other  forms  of  conditional  contract,  cf .  the 
record  of  case  22,  list  in  app.,  and  case  42,  app.,  F,  4. 

2De  Banco,  46,  Trin.,  327,  Line. 

3 Ibid.,  33,  Pasch.,  181  d,  Hunts.;  33,  Mich.,  224,  Dorset;  40,  Mich., 
142,  Midd.  Cf.  also  case  4,  list  in  app.;  the  second  master  in  a  de¬ 
parture  and  retention  case  claimed  that  the  plaintiff  had  kept  the  servant 
in  prison  and  compelled  him  to  make  a  contract  “  par  force  et  par  dur¬ 
esse.” 

4De  Banco,  41,  Pasch.,  223  d,  Kent. 

5 Ibid.,  38,  Pasch.,  198,  York.;  cf.  p.  191,  note  4. 

6Space  prevents  me  from  giving  the  long  list  of  references  to  the 
commonplace  pleas. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


195 

their  employees  and  as  against  competing  employers.  These 
advantages  are  worth  noting.  At  common  law  a  master 
can  keep  an  unwilling  servant  in  his  service  by  force ; 1  but 
if  the  servant  once  make  good  his  escape,  or  if  a  servant 
after  agreeing  to  enter  the  service  of  a  given  master,  never 
appears,  the  master  has  no  remedy.2  According  to  the  or¬ 
dinance  on  the  contrary,  in  either  of  the  last  two  circum¬ 
stances,  the  master  has  a  right  to  re-capture  the  servant 
and  even  to  use  imprisonment  or  other  means  of  forcible  re¬ 
straint;  in  an  interesting  test  case  the  plea  of  a  servant  to 
the  effect  that  only  a  suit  is  legitimate  for  the  master  in 
such  circumstances  is  not  allowed  by  the  court.3  Again,  at 
common  law,  a  master  has  an  action  of  trespass  against  a 
second  master,  only  if  the  latter  actually  “  take  ”  the  form¬ 
er’s  servant  vi  et  armis  out  of  his  service.4  This  action  is 
not  abolished  by  the  ordinance,5  but  by  the  latter’s  pro¬ 
visions  essential  additions  to  the  rights  of  the  first  master  are 
made,  namely :  if  a  second  master  persuade  a  servant  to  leave 

1  Case  10,  app.,  F,  5.  2  Case  36,  app.,  F,  5. 

3 Case  10,  app.,  F,  5. 

4  Cases  6  and  36,  app.,  F,  4  and  5.  Cf.  summary  of  case  12,  list  in  app., 
quoted  on  p.  185,  note  3.  In  case  27,  list  in  app. ,  discussed  on  pp.  185-186, 
the  issue  turns  on  the  question  of  the  minority  of  one  of  the  servants;  the 
judgment  includes  the  statement  that  at  common  law  an  action  lies  only 
if  a  servant  is  actually  taken  out  of  service.  Reeves,  op.  cit.,  ii,  274-275, 
note,  in  a  translation  of  a  Year  Book  case,  11  H.  IV,  f.  23,  affords  the 
most  explicit  account  of  the  distinction  between  the  common  law  and 
the  ordinance:  “  Thermug,  If  my  servant,  before  the  statute,  went  out  of 
my  service,  I  suppose  well  that  no  action  is  given  to  the  master,  but  if 
a  man  took  my  servant  out  of  my  service,  then  action  of  trespass  lay  at 
the  common  law,  and  still  lies;  ....  Hankford,  I  am  of  the  same 
opinion  as  my  master  has  expressed,  that  if  my  servant  depart  out  of  my 
service,  at  common  law  I  can  have  no  action,  and  the  cause  was  for 
that  between  me  and  my  servant  it  is  a  contract,  upon  which  no  action 
lay  at  the  common  law  without  a  specialty,  and  for  this  mischief  the 
statute  was  made,  and  action  given  on  it.” 

4  Cf.  quotation  in  note  4,  siipra,  and  case  17,  app.,  F,  5. 


IQ 6  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

his  first  master,1  or  to  fail  to  keep  his  agreement  to  enter  the 
service  of  the  first  master  ; 2  or  if  a  second  master,  without 
any  overt  act  inducing  a  servant  to  leave  the  service  in 
which  he  is  bound,  has  merely  taken  into  his  service  a  ser¬ 
vant  who  has  previously  of  his  own  accord  broken  contract 
with  his  first  master,3 — in  all  these  cases,  the  first  master  has 
rights  and  remedies  under  the  new  law.  In  the  first  place, 
if  he  chance  to  come  across  his  fugitive  servant  anywhere, 
he  can  carry  him  off  bodily,4  but  it  is  assumed  though  no¬ 
where  explicitly  stated,  that  to  accomplish  this  end  he  can¬ 
not  employ  violence  against  the  second  master.5  In  the 
second  place,  the  first  master  in  the  three  cases  enumerated 
above,  can  serve  notice  on  the  second  master,  demanding 
back  his  servant,  and  if  the  second  master  fail  to  comply 
with  this  request,  the  first  master  then  has  an  action  on  the 
ordinance  against  him.6 

1  Cf.  supra ,  p.  195,  note  4.  Fitzherbert,  op.  cit.,  392:  “  If  the  Servant 
be  drawn  away,  the  Master  may  re-apprehend  him,  and  keep  him  in 
Spight  of  him.”  Also  388:  “  If  a  Man  do  retain  my  Servant  being  in 
my  Service,  for  which  the  Servant  departeth  from  me,  etc.,  and  goeth 
to  serve  the  other,  I  shall  have  an  Action  against  him  who  retained 
him,  and  against  the  Servant,  upon  the  Statute  of  23  Edw.  III.” 

2 This  follows  from  cases  28  and  36,  app.,  F,  5. 

:iThe  wording  of  the  ordinance  implies  this;  also  the  form  of  the  writ 
for  retention;  cf.  also  the  argument  in  case  6,  app.,  F,  4,  Fitzherbert, 
note  6,  infra ,  and  note  3  on  p.  185. 

4  Cf.  note  1,  supra;  also  case  17,  app.,  F,  5,  where  the  record 
includes  the  phrase:  “  inuenit  et  reduxit.”  In  case  10,  app.,  F,  5,  the 
master  re-captured  and  imprisoned  the  servant;  in  case  9,  app.,  F,  6,  it 
is  asserted  that  a  master  could  have  taken  his  servant  who  had  departed 
even  if  he  had  been  free;  in  De  Banco,  40,  Pasch.,  175.  Suffolk,  an  action 
of  trespass  vi  et  artnis,  the  defendant  pleads  previous  contract  with  the 
servant  which  gave  him  a  right  to  take  her. 

5 Cf.  case  17,  app.,  F,  5,  in  which  vi  et  armis  are  denied. 

°Theformof  the  writ  includes  a  phrase  as  to  notice;  app.,  41 1;  Fitzher¬ 
bert,  op.  cit.,  390:  ‘‘And  if  a  Man  be  retained  in  Service,  and  go  wan- 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


*97 

In  more  than  half  of  the  suits  of  this  character 
noted  in  my  investigation  the  defence  of  the  second 
master  is  merely  the  denial  of  the  retention,  with  no 
further  plea.  Other  cases  include  interesting  details;  for 
example,  two  actions  are  recorded  in  both  of  which  it  is 
claimed  that  there  had  been  no  retention  by  the  defendant 
who  had  been  merely  performing  his  duty  as  constable;  in 
one,  the  defendant  had  found  the  servant  vagrant  and  had 
compelled  him  to  serve  a  former  master ; 1  in  the  other,  the 
defendant  had  put  a  servant  in  stocks  in  obedience  to  the 
justices  of  labourers.2  Occasionally  the  second  master 
denies  the  existence  of  a  contract  between  the  plaintiff  and 
servant  or  claims  that  there  had  been  such  a  contract  but 
that  it  had  been  already  carried  out  or  broken  for  just 
cause;  sometimes  he  states  that  he  had  had  a  contract  with 
the  servant  antedating  that  with  the  plaintiff ; 3  in  one  case 
he  is  able  to  show  a  technical  error  in  the  form  of  the  plain¬ 
tiff’s  writ.4  A  fairly  usual  plea  of  the  second  master  is  that 
he  had  found  the  servant  in  question  a  vagrant,5  or  even 
begging  for  help,6  and  that  therefore  he  had  rightfully  re¬ 
dering  abroad  out  of  his  Service,  another  Man  may  compel  him  to  serve 
him,  etc.,  because  he  is  out  of  Service. 

And  so  if  a  Man  do  retain  another’s  Servant,  not  knowing  that  he 
was  in  the  Service  of  the  other,  he  shall  not  be  punished  for  so  doing, 
if  he  do  not  retain  him  after  Notice  of  his  first  Service.” 

1  De  Banco,  34,  Hill.,  142,  Berks. 

2 Ibid .,  39,  Pasch.,  328  d,  Devon.  3  Case  4,  list  in  app. 

4 Case  8,  list  in  app.;  a  technical  error  in  the  writ  is  also  pleaded  in 
De  Banco,  38,  Pasch.,  198,  York. 

hE.  g.,  De  Banco,  34,  Hill.,  106  d,  Stafford;  38,  Trin.,  199,  Bucks.; 
347,  Lond.;  39,  Hill.,  248  d,  York;  40,  Mich.,  553,  Glouc.;  389  d,  War¬ 
wick;  41,  Pasch.,  329  d,  Northants.;  116  d,  Wilts.;  45,  Mich.,  281  d, 
Berks.;  50,  Hill.,  223  d.,  Norfolk;  case  3,  list  in  app. 

6De  Banco,  39,  Mich.,  372 d,  Leic.;  the  defendant  had  found  the  ser¬ 
vant  (bercarium)  “  infirmum  .  .  .  requisiuit  .  .  .  vt  sibi  sucourreret  et 
auxiliaret.” 


igS  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

tained  him.  This  appeal  to  the  compulsory  service  clause 
seems  to  prove  that  it  was  more  effective  than  had  been 
indicated  by  the  few  cases  brought  directly  on  it.  Now 
the  ordinance  had  stipulated  that  the  vagrant  must  be  alteri 
non  seruiens;  from  the  above  discussion  it  results  that  if 
a  new  employer  is  honestly  ignorant  of  the  previous  con¬ 
tract,  he  is  not  punishable  for  employing  a  vagrant,  even  if 
the  latter  has  left  his  legitimate  service.  He  runs  two  risks, 
however,  from  the  rights  of  a  previous  employer: 1  the  lat¬ 
ter  may  chance  to  come  across  his  servant  and  in  this  case, 
as  has  been  shown,  has  a  right  to  re-take  him,2  and  thus 
to  cause  the  employer  of  the  vagrant  to  lose  his  service; 
or  the  first  employer  may  serve  notice  on  the  new  employer 
demanding  back  the  servant,  and  the  new  employer  must 
either  restore  the  vagrant  or  be  sued.3  Toward  the  end 
of  the  reign  certainly,  and  possibly  before,  a  distinction 
grew  up  between  the  employment  of  vagrants  in  the  same 
county  as  that  in  which  their  first  retainer  had  been  and  their 
employment  in  a  different  county  from  that  of  the  first 
retainer.  Greater  laxity  is  allowed  in  the  latter  case:  the 
new  employer  is  not  obliged  to  recognize  the  retainer  in  the 
other  county  unless  the  previous  master  has  served  him 
notice ; 4  or  to  put  it  in  the  other  way,  the  first  master,  if  his 

1  Granting  that  he  be  a  bona-fide  employer.  Cf.  case  13,  list  in  app.; 
to  the  defendant’s  plea  in  a  compulsory  service  action  of  a  previous 
contract,  the  plaintiff  replies  that  the  contract  was  a  fraud  as  the  alleged 
master  was  only  a  child  and  did  not,  in  any  case,  have  enough  land  to 
entitle  him  to  a  servant. 

2  See  supra ,  p.  196. 

3  In  case  3,  list  in  app.,  an  action  against  two  servants  for  departure 
and  against  a  master  for  their  retention,  the  plea  of  the  latter  is  that  he 
had  found  the  servants  vagrants  and  out  of  service;  the  plea  is  accepted 
provided  that  it  can  be  proved  that  the  servants  were  really  not  in  the 
plaintiff’s  service. 

4  Case  43,  app.,  F,  6,  if  correctly  interpreted  by  Fitzherbert  in  his 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


199 


servant  has  escaped  into  another  county,  cannot  re-take  him 
without  first  serving  notice  on  the  new  master.  In  spite 
of  this  partial  exception  in  the  matter  of  different  counties, 
it  is  obvious  that  on  the  whole  there  was  under  the  contract 
clause  a  considerable  extension  of  the  rights  of  the  first  em¬ 
ployer  as  compared  with  his  rights  at  common  law,  and  that 
this  extension  came  into  conflict  with  the  provisions  of  the 
compulsory  labour  clause,  and  thus  caused  one  of  the  two 
limitations  on  the  power  of  a  given  individual  to  compel 
service  from  a  vagrant.1 

In  the  peculiar  stress  of  circumstances  due  to  the  plague, 
employers  almost  universally  were  having  serious  difficul¬ 
ties  in  keeping  employees  to  their  agreements,  and  since 
during  this  period  only  the  local  courts  were  enforcing  un¬ 
written  contracts  of  the  type  usual  in  the  relations  between 
employers  and  employees,  the  former  had  no  remedies  in 
the  upper  courts.2  This  unsatisfactory  status  of  the  law 
of  parol  contract  is  undoubtedly  the  explanation  3  of  the 
successful  attempt  made  by  the  lawyers  and  judges  of  the 
king’s  bench  and  of  common  pleas  to  widen  the  application 
of  the  contract  clause,  and  to  bring  it  about  that  a  bailiff 
or  a  school-teacher  could  be  sued  for  breach  of  contract  un¬ 
der  the  same  form  of  writ  as  a  ploughman  or  a  carter. 

(6)  The  effect  of  the  compulsory  service  and  contract 
clauses  on  the  lord’s  relation  to  his  villeins. — The  lord’s 

summary  certainly  proves  this.  Cf.  also  Hale’s  note  to  Fitzherbert, 
op.  cit.,  390:  “If  it  be  in  the  same  County,  he  (the  new  employer) 
ought  to  take  Notice  of  the  first  Retainer  at  his  Peril,  but  he  is  not  pun¬ 
ishable,  if  he  (the  servant)  be  found  Vagrant  in  another  County.  .  . 
Hale  refers  to  a  Year  Book  report,  17  Edw.  IV,  f.  7,  which  contains  a 
clear  recognition  of  this  distinction  between  counties  by  Littleton,  and 
which  gives  a  cross-reference  to  my  case  43.  This  latter  must  be  dis¬ 
cussed  again  in  connection  with  villeins;  see  s.  6. 

1S.  4,  p.181.  2  See  pp.  157-158. 


3  Page  178. 


200  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


relation  to  his  tenants  causes  the  second  limitation  on  the 
right  of  employers  to  compel  work  from  vagrants.1  The 
ordinance  had  provided  that  lords  should  receive  prefer¬ 
ence  both  as  to  their  bondmen  and  as  to  their  free  tenants; 2 
accordingly  in  an  action  against  a  labourer  for  refusal  to 
serve,  the  plea  is  urged  that  the  defendant  was  holding  land 
of  a  lord  for  whom  he  had  services  to  perform,  and  is  up¬ 
held  by  the  court  on  the  ground  that  if  the  labourer  had 
made  a  contract  with  another  master,  he  could  not  legally 
have  left  him  to  perform  the  necessary  services  for  his  lord. 
It  is  added  that  the  statute  had  been  made  for  the  advant¬ 
age  of  the  lords.3  In  a  case  summoned  to  Westminster 
from  quarter  sessions  the  justices  of  labourers  had  decided 
that  a  labourer  is  justified  in  refusing  to  serve  an  employer 
when  required,  if  he  can  prove  that  he  is  a  villein  of  an¬ 
other  man;  the  result  is  the  peculiar  situation  in  which  a 
villein  is  himself  interested  in  proving  the  fact  of  his  vil¬ 
leinage.4  The  lords  were  not  slow  to  perceive  their  ad¬ 
vantage;  as  early  as  1351  the  bishop  of  Winchester  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  obtaining  a  commission  of  oyer  and  terminer  to 
punish  a  bondman  who  had  refused  to  serve  him  in  pur¬ 
suance  of  the  ordinance  of  labourers.5  It  has  already  been 
shown  how  some  years  later  the  abbot  of  Pippewell  was  able 
through  special  orders  issued  by  the  king  to  compel  the 
justices  of  labourers  in  Warwickshire  to  furnish  him  with 
the  necessary  supply  of  labourers.6 

lPage  181  and  p.  199.  App.,  9.  ’  Case  20,  app.,  F,  4. 

# 

*App.,  248-250,  and  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  7.  Cf.  Vinogradoff,  Villainage  in 
E?igland,  53-55.  In  discussing  the  case  printed  in  his  app.  (case  7  in 
my  list)  he  writes:  “The  peculiarity  of  the  case  is  that  a  third  person 
has  an  interest  to  prove  that  the  man  claimed  as  villain  had  been  as  a 
free  man.” 

5Pat.,  25,  pt.  2,  m.  10  d;  16  Aug.  Cal.,  ix,  161. 

6  App.,  217-218,  and  pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  7. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


201 


It  is  not  easy  to  ascertain  the  precise  effect  of  the  con¬ 
tract  clause.  Up  to  nearly  the  end  of  the  reign  there  is 
clear  evidence  in  both  reports  and  records  that  if  a  villein, 
who  had  escaped  from  his  lord  or  who  had  by  payment  of 
chivage  acquired  the  right  to  live  outside  the  manor,1  made 
a  contract  with  a  new  employer,  he  could  be  re-taken  by 
his  lord.  The  verbs  used  to  describe  such  a  recovery  of 
villeins  are:  seisiuit,2  recepit  et  reduxit ,3  abstidit  et  recepit ,4 
arestauit ,5  prisomus,G  cepit  et  abduxit /  cepit. s  The  coun¬ 
sel  for  the  other  side  does  not  deny  the  lord’s  right  to  re- 

1 1  am  indebted  to  Professor  Vinogradoff  for  suggesting  the  import¬ 
ance  of  the  second  class. 

2  The  record  of  case  7,  list  in  app.,  printed  by  Vinogradoff  ;  the  report 
has  “  prisomus.” 

3 The  record  of  case  9,  app.,  F,  6;  the  report  has  “prisomus.” 

4 Case  30,  list  in  app.;  in  an  action  of  trespass  “  vi  et  armis  ”  for  tak¬ 
ing  servant  out  of  plaintiff’s  service,  the  defendant's  plea  is  that  said 
servant  was  his  “  natiuus;”  therefore  “dictum  Thomam  ab  ecdem 
Iobanne  Ewyn  (plaintiff)  abstulit  et  recepit  sicut  ei  bene  licuit.’’  Plain¬ 
tiff  claimed  that  servant  was  free;  issue  joined  on  question  of  villeinage 
versus  freedom. 

5  Case  38,  app.,  F,  6. 

6 Case  41,  list  in  app.;  record  not  found.  In  an  action  on  the  statute 
of  labourers  for  the  taking  of  a  servant  out  of  plaintiff’s  service,  the  de¬ 
fendant’s  plea  is  that  as  bailiff  of  the  countess  of  Pembroke  he  had 
taken  said  servant  as  villein  regardant  to  her  manor. 

7De  Banco,  33,  Hill.,  176  d,  Wilts;  in  an  action  for  the  retention  of 
a  servant,  the  defendant’s  plea  is  that  said  servant  was  his  villein  and 
that  having  found  “  eundem  Walterum  villanum  suum  a  dominio  suo 
sine  licencia  et  voluntate  sua  elongatum,  cepit  eum  et  abduxit,  prout  ei 
bene  licuit.”  Issue  was  joined  on  question  of  villeinage  versus  freedom. 

*Ibid.,  45,  Mich.,  579  d,  Devon,  an  action  similar  to  the  last:  “  Et 
predictus  Willelmus  (defendant)  .  .  .  dicit  quod  predictus  Dauid  est 
natiuus  ipsius  Willelmi  vt  de  manerio  suo  de  West  Woguill  et  ipse  seis- 
itus  de  ipso  Dauid  vt  de  natiuo  suo  toto  tempore  predicto.  Et  quia  pre¬ 
dictus  Willelmus  indigebat  de  seruicio  ipsius  Dauid,  idem  Willelmus 
cepit  predictum  Dauid  de  seruicio  predicti  lohannis  (plaintiff) ,  vt  nati- 
uum  suum,  prout  ei  bene  licuit.”  Plaintiff  denies  that  servant  was  de¬ 
fendant’s  villein:  issue  on  this  point. 


202  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


claim  his  villein  but  almost  always  merely  tries  to  prove 
that  the  labourer  in  question  is  free,  not  villein.  A  curious 
case  originating-  before  the  justices  of  labourers  and  sum¬ 
moned  to  Westminster  is  to  the  point.  Five  brothers  bring 
an  action  on  the  statute  of  labourers  against  a  lord,  on  the 
ground  that,  after  each  of  them  had  entered  into  a  contract 
with  an  employer,  the  defendant  had  come  and  taken  them 
each  back  to  his  manor  and  by  thus  preventing  them  from 
fulfilling  their  contracts  had  caused  them  damages  to  the 
extent  of  20s.  each.  The  plea  of  the  defendant  that  they 
are  all  his  villeins  is  held  a  good  plea  by  the  justices  and 
the  plaintiffs  are  all  in  mercy;  there  is  apparently  no  ques¬ 
tion  raised  as  to  his  right  as  their  lord  to  take  them  out  of 
the  service  of  their  new  employers.1  As  a  logical  result  of 
the  recognition  of  the  lord’s  right  to  re-take  his  villein  even 
though  bound  by  contract,  it  is  decided  by  the  courts  that 
a  servant  can  justify  his  departure  within  the  term  by 
proving  that  he  had  been  distrained  2  or  actually  seized  as  a 
villein  3  by  the  agents  of  his  lord.  Since  the  ordinance  had 
stipulated  that  a  lord  might  keep  only  as  many  villeins  as  he 
needed  it  is  natural  that  in  some  of  the  cases  the  lord  should 
add  to  his  statement  of  the  villeinage  of  the  servant  in 
question  the  plea  that  he  needed  his  services ; 4  yet  when 

lApp.,  244-248,  and  p.  96.  It  is  more  accurate  to  say  that  the  ques¬ 
tion  had  not  been  raised  before  the  justices  of  labourers;  I  do  not  know 
the  final  result  of  the  case. 

2  Case  7,  list  in  app.,  printed  by  Vinogradoff;  r/.also  Fitzherbert,  op. 
cit.,  Hale’s  note,  391. 

3Coram  Rege,  47,  Hill.,  Cavendissh,  9,  Derby;  William  Gande,  a 
carter,  was  attached  to  answer  Thomas  de  Grenehill  for  departure 
within  the  term:  “  Willelmus  Gande  .  .  .  dicit  quod  ipse  die  Lune  pre- 
dicto  a  seruicio  predicti  Thome  contra  voluntatem  suam  captus  fuit  per 
Willelmum  Shepey,  balliuum  episcopi  Couentrensis  et  Lychfeldensis,  vt 
natiuus  predicti  episcopi,  apud  Sallowe  et  detentus  ibidem  per  predictum 
Willelmum  Shepeye  et  alios  ministros  dicti  episcopi.  ...” 

4  See  p.  201,  note  8;  also  case  38,  app.,  F,  6. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


203 


there  is  an  attempt  to  make  an  issue  of  the  fact  as  to  whether 
a  lord  needed  this  particular  villein,  the  court  rules  that  this 
point  is  not  issuable.1 

As  far  as  these  cases  go,  if  the  above  analysis  be  correct, 
it  is  clear  that  at  this  date  neither  the  compulsory  service 
nor  the  contract  clause  interfered  with  the  legal  bond  be¬ 
tween  a  lord  and  his  villeins ;  he  merely  had  to  state  that  he 
required  their  labour  and  was  then  entitled  to  take  them.2 
In  other  words  the  relation  of  a  lord  to  his  villeins  or  to 
his  tenants  who  were  not  villeins  3  was  equivalent  to  the  re¬ 
lation  of  a  master  to  a  free  servant  under  the  terms  of  a 
contract ;  4  both  relations  stood  in  the  way  of  the  rights  of 
a  new  employer. 

The  real  difficulty  comes  up  in  the  interpretation  of  an 
action  at  the  very  end  of  the  reign  including  the  compli¬ 
cation  of  the  escape  of  villeins  into  another  county.5  Ac- 

1  Case  9,  app.,  F,  6.  The  report  had  left  the  matter  in  doubt,  but  the 
record  shows  that  the  issue  was  not  allowed. 

2 Fitzherbert,  op.  cit .,  391:  “The  Lord  may  take  his  Villain  out  of 
the  Service  of  another  if  he  hath  need  of  Servants,  otherwise  not.” 
(19  R.  II,  50  Edw.  Ill,  22.)  Hale’s  note  somewhat  modifies  this  bald 
statement;  he  quotes  30  Edw.  Ill,  31  (case  9)  and  also  reports  of  later 
reigns  where  the  lord  re-took  his  villeins.  Reeves,  op.  cit.,  ii,  247, 
note:  “a  lord  could  take  away  his  villein  even  from  the  service  of 
another  person.”  Vinogradoff,  loc.  cit. :  “  One  of  the  difficulties  in  work¬ 
ing  the  statute  came  from  the  fact  that  it  had  to  recognize  two  different 
sets  of  relations  between  the  employer  and  the  workman.  The  statute 
dealt  with  the  contract  between  master  and  servant,  but  it  did  not  do 
away  with  the  dependence  of  the  villain  on  the  lord,  and  in  case  of  con¬ 
flict  it  gave  precedence  to  this  latter  claim;  a  lord  had  the  right  to  with¬ 
draw  a  villain  from  a  stranger’s  service.” 

3  De  Banco,  33,  Pasch.,  181  d,  Hunts.;  in  an  action  for  retention  and 
departure,  one  of  the  defendants  (the  emplo3^er),  claims  that  the  other 
defendants  (the  two  servants),  “  ipsi  fuerunt  tenentes  sui  et  tenuerunt 
diuersa  tenementa  sua  in  villenagio.”  Apparently  they  were  not  villeins 
by  status.  4S.  5,  p.  198. 

5 Case  43,  app.,  F,  6,  referred  to  by  Fitzherbert  as  50  Edw.  Ill,  22;  see 
note  2,  supra.  Cf.  pp.  198-199. 


204  ENFORCEMENT  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

cording  to  the  report  in  the  printed  Year  Book  and  to  Fitz- 
herbert’s  version  of  the  case  1  the  courts  have  arrived  at  the 
same  conclusion  in  regard  to  the  employment  of  a  vagrant 
villein  as  had  already  been  reached  in  regard  to  the  employ¬ 
ment  of  a  vagrant  free  labourer,  bound  by  a  previous  con¬ 
tract  which  he  was  seeking  to  avoid;  i.  e.  if  a  villein  is 
vagrant  in  another  county  and  there  enters  into  the  service 
of  a  new  employer,  his  lord  can  legally  re-take  him  only 
after  serving  notice  on  the  new  master.  Brooke’s  summary 
omits  the  distinction  between  counties;2  while  the  record, 
if  indeed  it  be  the  record  of  this  action,3  shows  that  the 
case  turned  on  an  issue  quite  different  from  that  presented 
in  the  report.  Although  the  necessity  of  notice  is  clearly 
emphasized  in  later  cases  on  the  contract  of  a  free  labourer, 
I  have  come  across  no  further  reference  to  it  in  regard  to 
a  villein ; 4  on  the  other  hand  there  are  cases  after  this  date 

1  It  is  strange  that  Fitzherbert  should  omit  in  his  commentary  the 
discussion  of  this  point. 

2App.,  460. 

3  It  is  with  much  hesitation  that  I  print  the  record  as  probably  refer- 
ing  to  the  report  under  discussion,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Professor 
Vinogradoff,  who  was  so  good  as  to  consider  the  evidence,  is  inclined  to 
believe  that  the  report  and  record  do  not  refer  to  the  same  case.  That 
there  are  striking  differences  as  well  as  striking  similarities  must 
be  admitted;  but  the  fact  that  so  very  few  actions  occur  that  involve 
both  the  statutes  of  labourers  and  the  question  of  villeinage  increases 
the  likelihood  that  this  is  the  record  of  the  reported  case. 

4  See  p.  198,  note  4.  It  will  be  seen  that  I  am  forced  to  differ  from 
Mr.  Savine  in  his  understanding  of  case  43;  cf.  “  Bondmen  under  the 
Tudors,”  in  Trans.  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  xvii,  254:  “Though  perfectly 
hostile  to  liberal  tendencies,  the  labour  legislation  in  the  long  run  cer¬ 
tainly  assisted  to  loosen  the  dependence  of  the  bondman  on  his  lord. 
.  .  .  The  lord  retains  the  preferential  right  over  the  working  power  of 
his  villein;  but  when  the  villein  does  not  find  employment  in  his  manor 
and  is  vagrant  everybody  can  seize  and  put  him  to  work,  and  the  lord 
cannot  take  him  back  into  his  manor  until  the  end  of  the  statutory  con¬ 
tract.” 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


205 


in  which  the  lord  plainly  did  reclaim  his  villein,  without 
anything  being  said  as  to  notice.1  Undoubtedly,  therefore, 
this  statutory  interference  between  lords  and  their  villeins 
was  limited  to  instances  that  involved  a  second  county  and 
cannot  be  considered  as  introducing  any  serious  innovation 
into  their  legal  relations.  The  requirement  of  notice  was 
more  important  practically  than  juridically;  from  the  point 
of  view  of  law  the  distinction  was  one  of  procedure  and 
lay  in  the  difference  between  a  remedy  offered  by  a  posses¬ 
sory  as  against  that  furnished  by  a  petitory  action.2 

Out  of  the  312  cases  occurring  on  the  59  Plea  Rolls  ex¬ 
amined,  only  9  deal  with  villeins ;  3  the  reports  naturally 
show  a  much  larger  proportion,  namely  6  out  of  44,  but  on 
the  whole  the  inference  is  sound  that  the  enforcement  of  the 
statutes  did  not  very  often  touch  directly  on  the  question  of 
villeinage.4  It  is,  however,  possible  that  since  it  had  be¬ 
come  difficult  to  recover  fugitive  villeins  by  the  ordinary 
machinery  of  the  manorial  courts,  lords  who  needed  la¬ 
bourers  made  use  of  the  compulsory  service  clause  of  the 
ordinance ;  5  on  this  hypothesis  the  very  absence  of  many 

1  Cf.  quotation  from  Hale,  p.  203,  note  2,  supra\  also  the  two  later  cases 
quoted  by  Mr.  Savine  which  contain  decisions,  as  he  himself  recognizes, 
contrary  to  his  interpretation  of  my  case  43;  and  make  him  admit  that 
it  is  “  possible  to  overestimate  the  disintegrating  influence  of  this  labour 
legislation,”  and  also  that  “  such  judgments  as  those  pronounced  in  the 
last  two  cases  certainly  limited  very  much  the  action  of  the  Statute  of 
Labourers  as  far  as  it  concerned  the  villeins  if  they  did  not  annul  it 
altogether.”  Op.  cit.,  255-256. 

I  am  indebted  to  Professor  Vinogradoff  for  pointing  out  this  aspect 
of  the  question. 

3  Of  the  six  reported  cases  the  records  have  been  found  of  all  but  one. 
In  addition  there  are  four  records  of  cases  not  reported  and  one  record 
dealing  with  villeins  by  tenure;  these  are  all  quoted  in  this  section. 

4  One  instance  has  come  to  my  notice  in  which  the  lord  used  the  ordi¬ 
nance  as  a  means  of  recovering  “  natiuum  et  seruientem;”  De  Banco, 
47,  Mich.,  406,  Glouc. 

6  Cf.  note  to  Reeves,  op.  cit .,  ii,  247. 


206  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 


cases  in  the  courts  on  this  clause  may  be  interpreted  to 
mean  that,  a  lord  instead  of  bringing  suit  to  recover  his  own 
fugitive  villein,  found  it  easier  to  employ  the  vagrant  villein 
of  some  other  lord. 

The  epoch  is  one  of  transition  during  which  the  position 
of  villeins  was  undergoing  radical  changes  by  no  means  due 
to  direct  legislation.  Nowhere  are  these  changes  more  em¬ 
phatically  revealed  than  in  the  cases  already  quoted  in  which 
villeins  were  bringing  actions  on  the  statutes  of  labourers 
against  their  lords ;  especially,  perhaps,  in  the  case  in  which 
it  appears  that  villeins  were  themselves  employers  of 
servants  and  were  suing  their  lords  for  eloigning  these 
servants.1 

(7)  Judgments  and  verdicts. — Of  the  312  actions  consid¬ 
ered  in  the  preceding  pages,  299  were  on  the  contract  clause.2 
These,  as  has  been  pointed  out,  were  classified  as  follows :  3 
136  against  servants  for  departure,  116  against  masters  for 
retention,  and  47  against  both  masters  and  servants  for  re¬ 
tention  and  departure  respectively.  Of  the  6  actions  in¬ 
volving  the  contract  clause,  there  is  one  of  false  imprison¬ 
ment  brought  by  a  servant  against  a  master,4  and  five  of 
trespass  vi  et  armis  brought  by  masters  against  other 
masters,  four  of  them  for  taking  servants  r>  and  one  for 
taking  villeins.6  There  is  in  addition  a  report  of  a  case 
of  which  I  have  not  found  the  record,  an  action  for  debt 
brought  by  a  servant  against  a  master  and  which  involves 
the  contract  clause.7 

1  See  pp.  95-96.  ?  S.  3. 

3S.  4.  4  Case  10,  app.,  F,  5. 

5 Case  1 7,  app.,  F,  5;  case  30,  list  in  app.;  De  Banco,  40,  Pasch., 
175,  Suff.;  40,  Mich.,  175  d,  Essex  and  41,  Trin.,  312,  Essex.  In  the  last 
case  the  servant  was  being  punished  by  stocks. 

6 Case  43,  app.,  F,  6. 

7  Case  18,  list  in  app.;  see  p.  193,  note  1. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


20  7 


A  further  analysis  of  the  299  cases  gives  the  follow¬ 
ing  results.  136  actions  for  departure:  attachment  (no 
further  process),  15;  jury  on  question  of  fact  (result  not 
given),  107;  judgment  on  question  of  law,  8;  jury  on  one 
point  (result  not  given)  and  judgment  on  another,  1;  jury 
on  question  of  fact,  verdict  given,  5. 

1 16  actions  for  retention:  attachment,  7;  jury  on  ques¬ 
tion  of  fact,  101 ;  judgment  on  question  of  law,  1;  judg¬ 
ment  asked  but  not  recorded,  1 ;  jury  on  one  point  and 
judgment  asked  on  another,  1 ;  jury  on  question  of  fact, 
verdict  given,  5. 

47  actions  for  retention  and  departure:  attachment,  3 ; 
jury  on  question  of  fact,  39;  jury  on  one  point  and  judg¬ 
ment  on  another,  2;  jury  on  question  of  fact,  verdict 
given,  3. 

Totals:  attachment,  25;  jury,  247;  judgment,  9;  judg¬ 
ment  asked  but  not  recorded,  1 ;  jury  on  one  point  and 
judgment  on  another,  in  one  instance  asked  but  not  re¬ 
corded,  4;  jury  on  question  of  fact,  verdict  given,  13. 

In  the  comparatively  few  instances  where  the  final  re¬ 
sults  are  recorded,1  the  important  question  to  be  answered 
is :  are  the  findings  of  the  courts  for  or  against  the  labouring 
classes?  The  judgments  may  be  considered  first.  By  a 
strange  coincidence  I  have  failed  to  find  the  records  cor- 

1  It  is  not  only  in  actions  on  the  statutes  of  labourers  that  the  results 
do  not  appear.  Cf.  Introduction  to  Year  Book,  3  Edw.  II,  lxxi  (Selden 
Soc.) :  “  A  day  is  given  to  the  parties  to  hear  their  judgment.  A  blank 
space  for  the  judgment  is  left  upon  the  roll,  and  blank  it  remains  after 
the  lapse  of  six  centuries.  What  happens  in  these  cases  we  do  not 
know;  but  we  fancy  that  very  often  the  parties,  weary  of  waiting  for  a 
judgment,  patch  up  their  quarrel  without  telling  the  Court  anything 
about  the  compromise.  In  some  future  volume  we,  or  some  of  our  suc¬ 
cessors,  may  be  able  to  explain  more  fully  than  we  could  at  present  how 
it  comes  about  that  so  many  records  finish  with  an  issue  of  fact  or  with 
an  issue  of  law,  and  show  no  judgment  and  no  verdict.” 


208  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 


responding  to  six  reports  where  judgment  was  given,  four 
of  which  belong  to  the  group  of  contract  cases,  in  addition 
to  the  judgments  included  in  the  figures  given  above.  In 
the  first  of  these  four,  an  action  for  retention,  judgment  is 
for  the  defendant,  on  the  ground  of  the  minority  of  the 
servant ; 1  in  the  second,  an  action  for  retention  and  de¬ 
parture,  for  the  defendants,  on  the  same  ground ; 2  in  the 
third,  an  action  for  the  departure  of  two  servants,  for 
the  defendants,  on  the  ground  that  there  should  have  been 
two  writs  instead  of  one;  in  the  fourth,  an  exactly  similar 
action,  a  similar  judgment."  Of  the  two  cases  in 
which  the  judgment  although  asked  is  not  recorded,  one 
is  an  action  for  retention  in  which  the  defendants  ask 
for  judgment  on  the  plea  of  another  action  pending 
between  the  same  parties  for  the  same  cause ; 4  the 
other  is  also  an  action  for  retention,  in  which  the  de¬ 
fendant  asks  for  judgment  on  the  ground  that  the  ordin¬ 
ance  does  not  apply  to  contracts  for  a  term  longer  than  a 
year.5  In  the  nine  cases  where  judgment  is  recorded,  the 
details  are  as  follows:  in  three  departure  cases,  the  judg¬ 
ment  is  for  the  plaintiff,  on  admission  of  guilt  by  the  de¬ 
fendant  ; 6  in  four  departure  cases,  for  the  defendant,  be- 

1  Case  12,  list  in  app.;  cf.  p.  185,  note  3;  also  p.  195,  note  4. 

-Case  27,  list  in  app.;  cf.  ut  supra. 

’  Cases  19  and  37,  list  in  app.;  the  latter  is  worded  as  follows:  “  et 
init  demaunde  judgement  de  brief  .  .  .  le  covenant  de  lun  nest  pas  le 
covenant  de  lautre,  ne  le  service,  et  per  consequens,  le  departure  de  lun 
nest  pas  le  departer  lauter.” 

1  Case  2,  list  in  app. 

r>Case  31,  app.,  F,  4,  and  s.  5.  p.  192. 

r,De  Banco,  33,  Mich.,  161,  Northants;  fine  of  2s.  for  defendant, 
laborarius.  Ibid.,  34,  Hill.,  195  d,  Londt?).  (the  defendant  is  allutar- 
i us).  “  Ita  consideratum  estquod  predictus  Ricardus  Freman  (plaintiff) 
habeat  predictum  Ricardum  Perre,  seruientem  suum,  de  sibi  seruiendo 
per  tempus  supradictum  in  officio  predicto  in  forma  predicta  .  .  .  venit 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


209 


cause  the  plaintiff  failed  to  prosecute ; 1  in  one  action  for 
departure,  for  the  defendant,  on  the  ground  that  the  plain¬ 
tiff’s  offer  of  waging  his  law  as  to  the  truth  of  the  facts  at 
issue  was  not  acceptable  ;2  in  an  action  for  retention,  for  the 
defendant;  writ  abated  on  ground  that  it  had  been  brought 
in  the  wrong  couiffy.s  There  are  three  cases  where  there 
is  a  judgment  recorded  on  one  point  and  an  appeal  to  a 
jury  on  another:  in  a  departure  case,  judgment  is  for  the 
defendant,  on  the  ground  that  the  statute  does  not  apply  to 
the  contract  of  a  chaplain ; 4  in  a  departure  and  retention 
case,  for  one  defendant,  the  servant,  on  the  ground  of  his 
minority ; 5  in  another  departure  and  retention  case,  for 
one  defendant,  also  the  servant,  on  the  ground  that  distraint 
by  his  lord  exempts  a  villein  from  the  penalties  of  the  or- 

predictus  Ricardus  Perre  hie  in  curia  et  fecit  finem  cum  domino  Rege 
pro  duobus  solidis  per  plegiagium  .  .  ,  Ideo  eat  inde  quietus  etc.  Et 
deliberatur  eidem  Ricardo  Freman  per  curiam  etc.,  ad  deseruiendum  ei 
in  forma  predicta  etc.”  Ibid.,  40,  Pasch.,  196  d,  Bucks.;  defendant, 
carucarius,  is  assessed  100s.  as  damages.  “Ideo  consideratum  est  quod 
predictus  prior  (plaintiff)  recuperet  seruientem  suum  et  dampna  etc. 
Et  idem  prior  in  presencia  curie  remittit  dampna  etc.” 

’  Ibid.,  38,  Trin.,  405  d,  Bucks.;  defendant,  carucarius;  ibid.,  4 2, 
Hill.,  480  d,  Oxford,  defendant,  seruiens;  ibid.,  45,  Mich.,  539  d, 
Lond.,  defendant,  seruiens;  Coram  Rege,  48,  Hill.,  Cavendissh,  9, 
Lond.;  defendant,  a  card-maker. 

“Case  25,  list  in  app.;  cf.  s.  5,  p.  193,  note  4.  The  defendant,  nutrex, 
pleaded  that  she  had  left  because  she  had  been  beaten  by  plaintiff  and 
also  that  she  had  had  permission  to  depart;  when  forced  to  choose 
between  the  two  pleas  she  chose  the  latter.  Note  from  the  record:  “  et 
predictus  Willelmus  (plaintiff)  dicit  ex  quo  ipse  paratus  est  facere  legem 
suam  quod  ipse  non  dedit  ei  licenciam  a  seruicio  suo  recedendi  quem 
quidem  exitum  predicta  Matilldis  recusat  petit  iudicium  et  dampna  sua 
etc.  Et  quia  huiusmodi  exitus  non  est  acceptabilis  consideratum  est 
quod  predictus  Willelmus  nichil  capiat  per  breue  suum  set  sit  in  miseri- 
cordia.  Et  predicta  Matilldis  inde  sine  die.”  For  wager  of  law,  see 
Pollock  and  Maitland,  hist.  Eng.  Law,  ii,  634,  et  seq. 

5  Case  8,  list  in  app.;  servant  involved,  seruiens. 

‘Case  42,  app.,  F,  4,  and  pp.  188-189.  5 Case  6,  app.,  F,  4,  and  p.  185. 


2io  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


dinance.1  In  the  action  of  false  imprisonment  brought  by 
the  servant  judgment  is  for  the  defendant,  i.  e.  the  master, 
on  the  ground  that  under  the  contract  clause  re-capture  by 
force  is  legal  as  a  means  of  holding  a  servant  to  his  agree¬ 
ment.2  Therefore,  of  these  seventeen  actions,  in  eleven  the 
judgments  are  in  favor  of  the  servants,  and  in  two  of  the 
second  masters  and  therefore  of  the  servants  also;  and  in 
only  four  are  they  against  the  servants,  and  in  three  of 
these  because  of  their  own  confessions. 

In  turning  to  the  verdicts  of  the  juries,  it  is  to  be  recalled 
that  out  of  the  299  cases  on  the  contract  clause,  thirteen 
verdicts  are  recorded  and  out  of  the  six  cases  involving  the 
clause,  one;  these  verdicts  must  be  considered  somewhat  in 
detail,  the  plea  of  the  defendant  and  the  occupation  of  the 
servant  being  noted,  as  well  as  the  penalty. 

Actions  for  departure. 

1  Denial  of  date  of  contract  by  carucarius  et  carectar- 
ius;  damages  of  40s.  for  plaintiff.3 

2  Denial  of  contract  by  bercarius;  damages  of  2  marks 
for  plaintiff.4 

3  Denial  of  date  of  contract  by  communis  ancilla ; 
damages  of  20s.  for  plaintiff;  defendant  also  fined 
2s.5 

4  Ill-treatment  and  failure  of  plaintiff  to  pay  wages  to 
laborarius;  damages  of  10  marks  for  plaintiff;  de¬ 
fendant  also  fined  2  marks.6 

1  Case  7,  list  in  app.,  printed  by  Vinogradoff;  cf.  s.  6,  p.  202. 

2  Case  10,  app.,  F,  5;  also  p.  195. 

3  De  Banco,  33,  Pasch.,  11  d,  Line.;  plaintiff  had  sued  for  10  marks. 
The  plaintiffs  regularly  asked  for  much  higher  damages  than  they  ob¬ 
tained. 

4 Ibid.,  38,  Trin.,  343  d,  Sussex. 

5 Ibid.,  47,  Trin.,  231,  Warwick. 


6  Ibid.,  42,  FI  ill.,  475,  Lond. 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


211 


5  Denial  of  contract  by  carectarius ;  damages  of  2s. 
for  plaintiff;  defendant  also  fined.1 

Actions  for  retention. 

1  Denial  of  retention  of  ancilla;  damages  of  io  marks 
for  plaintiff.2 

2  Denial  of  retention  of  servant  contrary  to  the  ordin¬ 
ance;  damages  of  4  marks  for  plaintiff.3 

3  Denial  of  knowledge  of  previous  contract  of  servant 
who  had  been  engaged  in  officio  custodis  aueriorum; 
damages  of  50s.  for  plaintiff.4 

4  Denial  of  retention  of  servant  who  had  been  engaged 
by  plaintiff  as  apprentice  in  artificio  cellarii;  dam¬ 
ages  of  10  marks  for  plaintiff ;  defendant  also  fined 
half  a  mark.5 

5  Vagrancy  of  carucarius  pleaded  by  second  master 
and  mistress;  damages  of  £10  for  plaintiff,  remitted 
because  of  general  pardon  at  death  of  Edward  III.6 

Actions  for  retention  and  departure. 

1  Denial  of  retention  by  second  master,  and  of  de¬ 
parture  by  lotrix;  damages  of  40s.  for  plaintiff; 
second  master  fined  4od.  and  lotrix  fined  I2d.7 

2  Vagrancy  pleaded  by  second  master,  ill-treatment  by 
ancilla;  damages  for  plaintiff  of  40  marks  from 
second  master  and  10  marks  from  ancilla .8 

1  Coram  Rege,  4 7,  Trin.,  Cavendissh,  22  d,  Rutland;  two  justices  “de 
Banco”  appeared  in  this  case. 

2  De  Banco,  41,  Mich.,  270  d,  Suff. 

3 Ibid.,  506,  Devon;  plaintiff  had  asked  for  £20. 

4 Coram  Rege,  47,  Hill.,  Cavendissh,  51,  Northants.;  defendant 
claimed  that  he  had  even  asked  servant  if  he  were  already  bound  by 
contract.  Plaintiff  had  asked  for  ^40. 

5 Ibid.,  28,  Hill.,  Shareshull,  43,  Midd. 

6De  Banco,  50,  Trin.,  192,  Kent. 

7 Ibid. ,  40,  Mich.,  275,  Lond.  8 Ibid.,  553,  Gloucester. 


2i2  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


3  Vagrancy  pleaded  by  both  the  second  masters;  lack 
of  contract  and  also  lack  of  food  and  clothing  by  the 
two  ancille;  damages  for  plaintiff  of  i6d.  from  one 
ancilla  and  2s.  from  the  other;  and  36s.  8d.  from 
each  of  the  masters.1 

In  the  action  of  trespass  vi  et  armis  for  taking  servant, 
the  plea  of  previous  contract  urged  by  the  defendant  is  not 
upheld,  because  the  plaintiff  is  able  to  prove  that  the  defend¬ 
ant’s  ill-treatment  had  justified  the  servant’s  departure;  the 
verdict  is  damages  of  4  marks  for  the  plaintiff  and  also  a 
fine  of  5s.  for  the  defendant.2  Out  of  these  14  verdicts, 
therefore,  there  is  not  one  explicitly  for  the  servant  although 
in  the  last  case  he  benefits  by  the  verdict  for  the  plaintiff. 

In  the  small  number  of  actions  on  the  compulsory  ser¬ 
vice  clause,  only  two  altogether,  and  one  involving  the 
clause,3  no  example  occurs  either  of  a  verdict  or  of  a  judg¬ 
ment;  but  to  these  actions  found  on  the  Plea  Rolls  must  be 
added  the  reports  of  two  cases,  for  which  I  have  not  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  identifying  the  records.  In  one  of  these  the  judg¬ 
ment  is  for  the  defendants  on  a  technicality;  there  should 
have  been  two  writs  instead  of  one;4  and  in  the  second 

’  De  Banco,  50,  Hill.,  223  d,  Norfolk;  “  Et  eedem  Cristiana  et  Sibilla 
separatim  dicunt  quod  quedam  Alicia  mater  ipsarum  Cristiane  et  Sibille 
fuit  comorans  per  longum  tempus  cum  predicto Thoma  (plaintiff),  quasi 
arnica  et  seruiens  eiusdem  Thome,  ipsis  adtunc  tenuris  etatis  et  cum 
eadem  matre  sua  in  domo  ipsius  Thome  comorantibus,  et  postea  mater 
earundem  obiit;  post  cuius  mortem  ipse  comorabantur  cum  eodem 
Thoma  quasi  filie  sue  et  ipsi  deseruiebant  absque  aliqua  conuencione,  et 
postea  cum  etas  earundem  accrescebat  et  idem  Thomas  eis  pro  victu  et 
vest.itu  suis  necessariis  pro  earum  statu  et  labore  competencia  non  in- 
veniebat,  eedem  Cristiana  et  Sibilla  ab  eodem  Thoma  recesserunt.” 

2  Case  1 7,  app.,  F,  5. 

3  See  pp.  175-176,  for  references  to  these,  and  also  to  the  remaining 
four  cases  making  up  the  total  of  312. 

‘Case  14,  list  in  app.;  Hale’s  note  to  Fitzherbert,  op.  cit.,  389,  quotes 


CENTRAL  COURTS 


213 


the  judgment  is  also  for  the  defendant,  on  the  ground  that 
he  had  sufficient  services  to  perform  for  a  lord  of  whom  he 
held  some  land  and  that  therefore  he  was  exempt  from 
the  clause.1 

The  result  of  these  figures  is  to  prove  that  the  courts  were 
perfectly  ready  to  allow  to  servants  or  to  masters  offend¬ 
ing  against  the  labour  legislation  the  full  advantage  of  any 
legal  technicalities ;  but  that  the  juries  almost  never  gave  ver¬ 
dicts  in  favor  of  servants  or  even  of  employers  who  were 
charged  with  infringement  of  the  law.  It  has  already  been, 
shown  what  kind  of  questions  of  fact  arose  in  actions  for 
breach  of  contract;  but  it  has  also  been  admitted  that  no  in¬ 
formation  has  come  to  my  notice  as  to  the  necessity  of  any 
formality,  such  as  the  presence  of  witnesses,  for  the  validity 
of  the  parol  agreement  between  master  and  servant.  If  a 
servant  said  in  court  that  no  such  agreement  existed,  or  if 
a  second  master  claimed  a  previous  contract  with  the  ser¬ 
vant,  it  must  have  been  difficult  to  establish  either  the  truth 
or  the  falsity  of  the  statement.  In  the  existing  conditions 
of  the  labour  market  the  sympathy  of  witnesses  called  in  to 
testify  and  also  of  the  jurors  was  likely  to  be  on  the  side  of 
the  plaintiff,  while  the  presumption  of  guilt  was  certainly  on 
the  side  of  the  defendant.  There  is  small  cause  for  wonder 
that  even  by  conscientious  jurors  the  acquittal  of  servants 
and  masters  on  trial  was  not  frequent. 

An  exhaustive  study  of  the  Plea  Rolls  for  the  reign  of 
Edward  would  undeniably  still  further  confirm  the  im¬ 
pression  that  the  upper  courts  were  giving  full  measure  of 
attention  to  the  statutes  of  labourers,  thus  supplementing 

this  report:  “  One  cannot  join,  in  one  Writ,  two  Persons  who  refuse  to 
serve.”  It  is  strange  that  the  writ  in  the  Registrum  should  be  against 
two:  app.,  412. 

^ase  20,  app.,  F,  4;  cf.  also  s.  4  and  s.  6. 


214 


ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


to  an  important  extent  the  work  of  the  special  machinery 
devised  for  the  enforcement  of  the  legislation.  So  ap¬ 
parent  is  this  whole  aspect  of  the  execution  of  the  statutes 
that  one  is  surprised  at  the  remark  of  the  chief  justice  of 
common  pleas :  Lestatut  fuit  fait  par  cause  de  seruant  pris 
deuant  I  notices  de  laborers  en  pays  et  nemy  deuant  nous.1 
Not  only  have  the  records  proved  valuable  as  showing 
changes  in  the  interpretation  of  the  law  by  the  courts  that 
had  escaped  the  notice  of  the  reporters,  but  also  as  contain¬ 
ing  a  veritable  store-house  of  details  illustrating  the  relations 
between  masters  and  servants  and  thus  throwing  light  on 
the  homeliest  incidents  of  every-day  life. 


1  Case  29,  list  in  app. 


PART  III 

SUMMARY  OF  THE  WORK  OF  THE  KING’S  COUNCIL 

At  many  points  in  the  preceding  study  of  the  labour 
legislation  and  of  its  enforcement,  reference  has  been  made 
to  the  part  played  by  the  king’s  council ;  in  conclusion,  there¬ 
fore,  it  seems  desirable  to  recapitulate  the  more  important 
phases  of  its  activity,  in  order  to  convey  an  impression  of 
its  relation  to  the  whole  administrative  machinery.1 

Owing  to  the  inability  of  parliament  to  meet  during  the 
plague,  the  first  ordinance  was  framed  and  promulgated  by 
the  council,  and  proved  to  be  not  a  mere  temporary  ex¬ 
pedient,  but  a  permanent  measure  having  all  the  force  of 
parliamentary  legislation,  and  in  many  ways  a  more  im¬ 
portant  enactment  than  the  statute  by  which  it  was  after¬ 
wards  supplemented.  With  the  council  originated  the  in¬ 
genious  device  proclaimed  in  the  second  ordinance,  namely 
the  relief  of  the  taxpayers  by  the  application  in  aid  of  the 
current  subsidy  of  the  penalties  resulting  from  the  first  or¬ 
dinance.  Even  during  the  running  of  the  next  subsidy, 
when  a  similar  application  of  these  penalties  had  been  care¬ 
fully  regulated  in  parliament,  the  council  steps  in  with  a 
special  provision  for  a  certain  town,  or  with  the  issue  of 
spec'al  commissions  to  investigate  the  carrying-out  of  the 
scheme.  It  seems  more  than  probable  that  it  was  the  di¬ 
rect  initiative  of  the  council,  in  consultation  with  the  treas- 

1 1t  is  necessary  always  to  remember  that  I  have  omitted  the  whole 
subject  of  ecclesiastical  responsibilities  for  the  administration  of  the  sta¬ 
tutes;  cf.  the  last  clause  of  the  ordinance  and  quotations  cited  by  Gas- 
quet,  Great  Pestilence ,  186. 


215 


216  enforcement  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

urer  and  the  barons  of  the  exchequer,  that  twice  after¬ 
wards  in  the  course  of  the  decade  caused  changes  in  the 
law  as  to  the  disposition  of  these  same  penalties;  first,  in 
the  matter  of  the  claims  of  the  lords  of  franchises,  and 
second,  in  the  application  of  certain  arrears  of  penalties.  It 
was  the  council  again,  apparently  at  the  instigation  of  the 
king,  which  issued  special  grants  of  the  penalties  to  certain 
favored  individuals.  It  is  to  be  kept  constantly  in  mind 
that  the  systematic  control  exercised  by  the  exchequer 
over  the  work  of  the  justices  of  labourers,  was  undoubt¬ 
edly  on  many  more  occasions  than  have  been  noted,  subject 
to  the  supervision  and  advice  of  the  council  through  the  con¬ 
necting  link  of  the  treasurer  who  was  a  member  of  the 
council. 

The  form  of  the  commissions  issued  to  the  justices  of 
labourers  and  the  limits  of  the  geographical  districts  with¬ 
in  which  they  were  to  act,  seem  to  have  been  decided  by 
the  council;  and  while  there  are  on  record  many  petitions 
in  parliament  in  the  matter  of  the  extension  of  the  juris¬ 
diction  of  the  justices  of  labourers,  notably  in  their  relation 
to  the  preservation  of  the  peace,  and  of  the  question  of  the 
consolidation  of  the  two  commissions,  it  appears  that  the 
council  had  really  settled  the  matter  previous  to  the  par¬ 
liamentary  legislation  on  the  subject.  The  appointment  of 
the  justices  and  their  removal  are  chiefly  in  the  hands  of  the 
council,  subject  undoubtedly  to  suggestions  from  local 
communities;  the  supervision  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
justices  is  steadily  exercised  by  the  council,  through  the 
issue  of  supplementary  instructions  to  them,  or  through  the 
appointment  of  special  commissions  of  investigation;  on  at 
least  one  occasion,  even  during  the  short  period  under  con¬ 
sideration,  there  is  an  appeal  to  the  council  from  the  parties 
to  a  suit  brought  in  the  first  instance  before  the  justices  of 
labourers.  More  rarely,  the  council,  instead  of  acting 


THE  KING’S  COUNCIL 


217 


through  the  existing  administrative  machinery,  carries  out 
the  provisions  of  the  statutes  directly;  for  example,  it  em¬ 
powers  two  citizens  of  Norwich  to  compel  labourers  to 
serve  in  accordance  with  the  compulsory  service  clause  of 
the  ordinance,1  or  it  appoints  a  special  commission  to  aid  the 
bishop  of  Winchester  in  securing  service  from  one  of  his 
villeins,  also  in  accordance  with  a  clause  of  the  ordinance.' 
The  more  important  functions  of  the  council,  however, 
are  those  to  which  reference  has  already  been  made,  the 
initiation  of  legislation  or  of  changes  in  the  law  without 
recourse  to  legislation,  and  the  persistent  control  of  the 
administrative  machinery. 

Since  the  distinctive  feature  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 
is  that  they  represent  the  first  thorough-going  attempt  to 
impress  uniform  economic  standards  on  the  country  at  large, 
and  since  the  special  machinery  created  to  enforce  these 
standards  became  a  permanent  part  of  the  new  centralized 
system  of  local  justice  that  was  cutting  into  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  old  local  courts,  it  was  inevitable  that  these  statutes 

lPat.,  26,  pt.  1,  m.  10  d,  16  April;  “  De  operariis  capiendis  pro  ciui- 
tate  Norwici  pauianda  et  muris  eiusdem  ciuitatis  dirrutis  reparandis;” 
Cal.,  ix,  283-284.  “Cum  .  .  .  intellexerimus  quod  predicti  ciues  circa 
pauiamentum  et  reparacionem  predicta  facienda  et  dictam  ciuitatem 
mundandam  seruitoribus  et  operariis  multum  indigent,  et  quod  quam- 
plures  homines  et  mulieres  fortes  et  ad  laborandum  potentes  in  eadem 
ciuitate  vagantur  ociosi  et  pro  salario  competenti  operari  recusant  et 
quia  in  ordinacione.  .  .  .” 

There  is,  of  course,  the  regular  practice  of  the  issue  by  the  crown  of 
writs  empowering  certain  individuals  to  engage  labourers  for  the  royal 
works  at  the  statutory  rates  of  wages;  cf.  e.  g.,  Pat.,  31,  pt.  2,  m.  11, 
1  Aug.;  “  De  operariis  capiendis.”  There  were  sometimes  difficulties 
in  carrying  out  such  instructions;  cf.  Pat.,  29,  pt.  1,  m.  27  d,  30  Jan.; 
“  De  quibusdam  cementariis  arestandis.”  This  is  a  commission  to 
Walter  Albyn,  serjeant-at-arms,  and  to  the  sheriff  of  Kent  to  arrest  four 
labourers  for  certain  “  contemptibus  et  inobedienciis  ”  and  to  imprison 
them  in  the  Tower  until  further  notice. 

2  Cf.  p.  200. 


jiS  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


should  be  mainly  under  the  control  of  the  council,  the  main¬ 
spring  of  the  central  government.1  What  the  privy  council 
of  the  Tudors2  and  of  the  Stuarts  attempted  to  do  in  rela¬ 
tion  to  the  justices  of  the  peace  and  the  enforcement  of  the 
poor  law,3  is  what  Edward’s  council,  though  of  course  less 
systematically,  was  attempting  to  do  in  relation  to  the  jus¬ 
tices  of  labourers  and  to  the  statutes  which  these  justices 
were  appointed  to  enforce. 

1Mr.  J.  F.  Baldwin  has  become  the  authority  on  the  king’s  council 
for  this  early  period;  see  his  articles  listed  in  my  bibliography.  His 
conception  of  the  council  as  “  a  power  working  with  great  persistency 
in  legislation  and  administration,  which  it  would  be  no  exaggeration  to 
call  the  mainspring  of  the  government”  (article  in  A.  H.  R.,  xi,  15), 
is  fully  borne  out  by  the  traces  of  its  activity  in  relation  to  the  labour 
legislation. 

2  Beard,  Justice  of  the  Peace ,  chs.  4  and  5. 

3  Leonard,  Early  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poor  Relief ,  passim. 


CONCLUSION 


It  is  now  time  to  try  to  answer  the  questions  suggested 
in  the  introduction  as  to  the  legitimacy  and  effectiveness 
of  the  statutes  of  labourers.  In  regard  to  the  ethics  of  the 
most  familiar  and  obvious  aspect  of  the  legislation, — the 
endeavor  to  keep  wages  and  prices  at  the  rates  prevailing 
before  the  plague, — authoritative  statements  will  be  war¬ 
ranted  only  after  an  exhaustive  study  of  the  available  sources 
has  resulted  in  statistics,1  but  the  subject  is  so  full  of  com¬ 
plexities  that  even  with  statistics  a  decisive  opinion  will  not 
be  easily  formed. 

The  case  against  the  government  rests  chiefly  on  two 
considerations.  First;  the  statutory  rates  of  wages  are  too 
low,  recurring  to  standards  already  obsolete.2  Second;  the 
apparent  fairness  in  the  regulation  of  prices  as  well  as  of 
wages  is  misleading;  the  prices  are  for  the  most  part  of 
goods  sold  directly  by  the  makers  and  therefore  constitute 
really  a  labour  wage,  while  the  prices  of  victuals  etc.  not 
coming  under  this  head,  are  to  be  “  reasonable  ”  instead  of 
going  back  to  an  antiquated  rate.3  The  case  for  the  gov¬ 
ernment  is  in  my  opinion  even  stronger.  The  scattered  in¬ 
stances  noted  in  this  monograph  where  a  direct  compari¬ 
son  between  the  old  and  new  rates  is  possible  reveal  such 
an  enormous  increase  in  both  wages  and  prices,  the  demands 
of  both  producers  and  labourers  (whether  combined  in  the 
same  individuals  or  not)  went  so  far  beyond  what  con¬ 
sumers  and  employers  could  pay,  the  latter  were  also  under 
such  unusual  pressure  of  taxation,  that  the  situation  was 

JPt.  i,  ch.  ii,  s.  6.  2 Ibid.,  p.  87,  note  4. 

3  Professor  Benjamin  Terry  writing  to  me  in  April,  1907,  made  a 
forcible  presentation  of  this  argument. 


219 


220  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 

plainly  a  crisis  of  an  unprecedented  character,  involving  real 
danger  to  the  welfare  of  the  community.  In  an  age  when 
the  idea  of  a  competitive  price  had  not  yet  been  evolved 
and  when  for  normal  conditions  regulation  by  local  authori¬ 
ties  of  both  wages  and  prices  was  the  accepted  custom,1 
it  was  natural  and  equitable  that  in  an  emergency  the  cen¬ 
tral  government  should  exert  itself  to  the  utmost  to  check 
the  evil.  The  evidence  of  the  records  examined  in  this 
investigation  goes  to  show  that  the  attempt  was  honestly 
meant  to  include  prices  as  well  as  wages  whenever  there 
had  been  a  rise  in  the  former  also;  under  these  circum¬ 
stances  it  seems  unreasonable  to  consider  such  an  attempt 
as  unfair  oppression  of  the  working  classes.  From  the 
point  of  view  of  injustice,  the  inequity  of  the  low  statutory 
rates  of  wages  was  surpassed  by  the  exorbitance  of  the  de¬ 
mands  of  the  labourers. 

In  turning  to  the  problem  of  whether  success  or  failure 
is  to  be  attributed  to  the  endeavor  to  lower  wages  and 
prices,  it  is  clear  that  the  preceding  study  warrants  at 
least  one  positive  conclusion.  The  large  number  of  justices 
appointed  within  a  short  interval  to  enforce  the  laws,  the 
existing  records  of  their  sessions,  the  references  to  similar 
records  that  have  ceased  to  exist,  the  entries  for  the  pay¬ 
ment  of  their  wages, — convincing  proof  of  the  regularity 
of  their  sessions, — the  importance  to  various  claimants  of 
the  penalties  imposed  by  the  justices, — chiefly,  as  has  ap¬ 
peared,  for  the  receipt  of  excess  wages  and  prices, — the 
figures  of  the  amounts  of  these  penalties, — evidence  of  the 
large  sums  actually  levied  on  the  labouring  classes,  —  all 
these  facts  point  to  the  zealous  administration  of  this  por¬ 
tion  of  the  enactments.  To  the  work  of  the  special  justices 
in  convicting  labourers  must  be  added  the  occasional  efforts 


1  Page  4,  note  3;  pt.  ii,  ch.  i. 


CONCLUSION 


221 


of  the  old  local  courts,  while  the  importance  of  the  action 
of  the  upper  courts  in  attempting  to  compel  employers  as 
well  as  employees  to  obey  the  law  can  not  easily  be  over¬ 
estimated.1  In  view  of  this  cumulative  evidence  it  is  im¬ 
possible  to  doubt  that  during  this  first  decade  the  wages 
and  price  clauses  were  thoroughly  enforced.  The  fact  that 
rates  remained  high  after  the  plague  2  by  no  means  proves 
that  the  thorough  enforcement  had  no  effect;  on  the  con¬ 
trary,  it  may  prove  that,  had  it  not  been  for  the  deterrent 
influence  of  the  levying  of  penalties  under  the  statutes,  the 
rise  would  have  been  even  greater.  Although  from  the 
nature  of  the  case  there  is  no  positive  method  of  showing 
what  would  have  happened  to  wages  and  prices  had  no  such 
restrictions  existed,  my  belief  is  that  regulations  as  effi¬ 
ciently  carried  out  as  these  were  for  a  short  period,  at  least, 
could  not  fail  during  that  period  to  achieve  their  purpose 
to  some  extent,  although  not,  of  course,  to  the  extent  de¬ 
sired  by  their  framers.  That  is  to  say,  wages  were  not 
kept  at  the  statutory  level,  but  they  were  kept  for  ten  years 
at  a  lower  level  than  would  have  resulted  from  a  regime 
of  free  competition.3 

1  It  has  been  shown  that  the  cases  on  the  contract  clause  in  the  upper 
courts  dealt  indirectly  with  the  wages  clause;  p.  178. 

2  Pages  4-5,  note  1. 

3  For  a  recent  statement  of  this  view,  see  Oman,  The  Great  Revolt , 
7:  “The  Black  Death  permanently  raised  the  price  of  labour— despite 
of  all  statutes  to  the  contrary—  though  its  effects  would  have  been  much 
greater  if  they  had  not  been  checked  by  the  legislation  of  Parliament.’’ 

The  whole  subject  of  economic  restrictions  is  a  matter  of  serious  con¬ 
troversy  among  economists.  On  one  side  it  is  maintained  that  the 
usury  laws  tended  on  the  whole  to  raise,  not  lower,  the  rate  of  interest: 
on  the  other  it  is  urged  that  the  regulation  of  cab  fares  actually  reduces 
the  price  of  cabs.  It  must,  however,  be  confessed  that  the  weight  of 
economic  opinion  is  against  my  view.  Without  here  attempting  an 
analysis  of  the  conditions  that  go  to  determine  the  possibility  of  accom¬ 
plishing  a  given  end  by  such  regulations,  it  will  be  universally  admitted 
that  thoroughness  of  administration  is  essential,  and  that  in  the  instance 
under  discussion  this  at  least  was  secured. 


222  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  STATUTES  OF  LABOURERS 


To  the  question  as  to  whether  the  statutes  represent  an 
influence  in  favor  of  or  opposed  to  the  system  of  villein¬ 
age,  it  is  not  easy  to  give  a  categorical  answer.  The  en¬ 
deavor  to  check  the  mobility  even  of  the  free  labourer  seems 
at  first  sight  an  extension  of  the  whole  theory  of  villeinage ; 
but  it  is  to  be  emphasized  that  this  provision  was  merely 
aimed  at  preventing  a  given  labourer  from  refusing  the 
legal  wages  offered  in  his  own  district  and  from  going  to  a 
place  where  he  could  obtain  higher  wages.  Likewise,  the 
compulsory  service  clause  was  not  so  much  concerned  with 
stopping  the  vagrancy  of  either  free  or  bond,  as  with 
securing  for  the  employer  a  sufficient  supply  of  labour  at 
the  normal  rate.  The  specification  that  a  lord  could  keep 
only  as  many  villeins  as  he  actually  needed  is  theoretically  a 
direct  interference  with  the  relations  between  lord  and 
villein  and  might  conceivably  have  tended  to  put  an  end  to 
the  old  system;  but  the  conservative  attitude  taken  by  the 
upper  courts  on  this  question,  as  shown  by  their  decision 
that  a  lord  might  re-capture  his  villein  in  spite  of  a  statutory 
contract  between  the  latter  and  another  employer,  neces¬ 
sitates  considerable  modification  of  the  statement  that  “  the 
Edwardian  statutes  struck  a  very  heavy  blow  at  the  whole 
fabric  of  the  manorial  system.”  1  It  has,  however,  been 
suggested  in  the  preceding  pages  that  the  provisions  for  the 
employment  of  vagrants  were  an  indirect  admission  that  the 
machinery  of  the  manorial  courts  had  become  inadequate 
for  the  task  of  recovering  fugitive  villeins,  and  that  the 
lords  needed  some  other  means  of  securing  labourers,  and 
that  therefore  a  remedy  was  provided  for  them  by  the 
agency  of  the  central  government.2  The  fact  that  villeins 

1  Petrushevsky,  quoted  by  Savine,  in  “  Bondmen  under  the  Tudors,” 
in  Trans.  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  new  series,  xvii,  254. 

*  Pages  205-206. 


CONCLUSION 


223 


were  being  tried  and  convicted  by  the  justices  of  la¬ 
bourers  exactly  like  free  men,  and  that  they  were  them¬ 
selves  bringing  audacious  suits  in  quarter  sessions  against 
their  own  masters;  the  fact  that  these  masters  evidently 
preferred  to  leave  to  the  crown-appointed  officials  the  brunt 
of  the  work  of  enforcing  these  measures  against  their 
tenants  whether  free  or  bond,  while  they  themselves  merely 
received  the  fiscal  profits  resulting  from  convictions;  these 
facts,  as  well  as  many  others,  all  point  in  the  same  direc¬ 
tion.  The  cataclysm  of  the  Black  Death  had  hastened  the 
break-down  of  the  old  system  and  had  accelerated  changes 
in  economic  and  social  relations  throughout  the  community ; 
the  statutes  of  labourers  must  be  regarded  not  as  having 
created  a  new  system  or  a  new  set  of  economic  relations, 
but  as  affording  proof  that  radical  changes  had  occurred, 
ushering  in  a  new  era. 

Finally,  in  defence  of  the  theory  that  this  legislation 
was  on  the  whole  equitable,  emphasis  must  be  laid  on  that 
aspect  of  the  statutes  which  has  been  usually  neglected, 
namely  their  relation  to  the  existing  law  of  parol  contract. 
From  a  modern  point  of  view  the  endeavor  of  the  upper 
courts  to  enforce  contracts  is  obviously  justified  and  com¬ 
mands  sympathy  and  approbation.  Although  to  a  certain 
extent  this  endeavor  was  successful,  the  number  of  actions 
on  the  contract  clause  against  masters  proves  the  truth  of 
the  statement  that  it  was  in  the  end  the  keen  competition  of 
employers  that  made  it  impossible  permanently  to  check  the 
rise  in  wages.1 

For  this  decade,  then,  the  evidence  is  conclusive  in  favor 
of  the  belief  that  the  statutes  were  enforced  and  tends  to 
show  that  they  were  by  no  means  inoperative,  but  for  the 
course  of  events  during  the  remainder  of  Edward’s  reign, 


1  Petrushevsky,  reviewed  by  Savine  in  E.  H.  R.,  xvii,  781. 


224  ENFORCEMENT  of  the  statutes  of  labourers 

except  for  the  work  of  the  upper  courts,  there  is  as  yet  very 
little  definite  information.  The  petitions  in  parliament  in¬ 
dicate  a  possible  falling-off  in  the  energy  with  which  the 
statutes  were  administered;  certainly  d  priori,  no  officials 
would  be  as  zealous  as  the  justices  of  labourers,  who  had 
no  other  duties,  and  whose  salaries  depended  directly  on 
securing  a  goodly  number  of  convictions;  but  all  opinions 
are  more  or  less  of  the  nature  of  guess-work  until  the 
sources  for  the  last  part  of  the  reign  have  been  thoroughly 
examined.  Only  after  such  an  examination  will  there  be  a 
possibility  of  understanding  the  precise  relations  of  the 
statutes  to  the  great  revolt.1 

My  main  object  has  been  to  give  an  account  of  admin¬ 
istrative  methods,  and  to  call  attention  to  the  manuscript 
sources;  there  has  proved  to  be  an  almost  inexhaustible 
wealth  of  material  for  statistics  of  wages  and  prices,  and 
for  detailed  information  as  to  the  manner  of  life  of  the 
ordinary  people.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  in  the  near  future 
some  one  better  fitted  for  the  task  than  is  the  present  writer 
will  make  use  of  this  material  for  the  purpose  of  giving  a 
vivid  picture  of  this  daily  life,  in  order  that  “  the  thoughts 
of  our  forefathers,  their  common  thoughts  about  common 
things,  will  have  become  thinkable  once  more.”  2 

1  Langland  is  worth  quoting: 

“  And  thanne  curseth  he  the  kynge  and  al  his  conseille  after, 

Suche  lawes  to  loke  laboreres  to  greue.” 

Vision  of  Piers  the  Plowman ,  ed.  Skeat,  B.  Passus  vi,  318-319. 

Valuable  results  might  be  obtained  if  an  investigator  were  to  take  a 
given  county,  Essex,  for  example,  and  examine  all  the  material  having 
to  do  with  the  statutes  for  the  whole  period  from  1349  to  1381. 

Maitland,  Domesday  Book  and  Beyond ,  520. 


APPENDIX 


I.  ACCOUNT  OF  SOURCES 

II.  DOCUMENTS,  EXTRACTS  FROM  DOCUMENTS,  LISTS 
AND  TABLES 


‘  I.  ACCOUNT  OF  SOURCES 

The  explanation  of  the  inadequate  treatment  hitherto  ac¬ 
corded  the  statutes  of  labourers  lies  in  the  scarcity  of  the 
printed  sources.  The  contemporary  writers,  chroniclers  and 
others  (a  convenient  bibliography  for  the  period  is  to  be  found 
in  Tout's  Polit.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  1216-1377,  app.  451-460)  have 
long  been  available  and  have  been  freely  used  by  later  com¬ 
mentators.  They  are  important  as  reflecting  the  attitude  of 
certain  sections  of  the  community,  much  as  do  the  daily  papers 
of  the  present;  but  for  the  description  of  administrative  meth¬ 
ods,  they  by  no  means  take  the  place  of  the  official  records 
on  which  the  preceding  study  of  the  enforcement  of  the  stat¬ 
utes  has  been  based.  These  official  records  fall  into  three 
main  classes,  belonging  to,  first,  the  central  government;  sec¬ 
ond,  the  old  local  courts,  communal,  seignorial,  and  municipal; 
third,  the  church. 

For  the  church,  the  important  records  for  my  purpose  are 
the  episcopal  registers  preserved  in  the  diocesan  registries. 
For  an  account  of  these,  cf.  Gross,  Sources  of  Eng.  Hist.,  40 2. 
For  a  list  of  those  in  print  or  calendared  for  this  decade,  cf. 
ibid.,  loc.  cit.;  and  Tout,  op.  cit.,  app.  449-450. 

With  the  necessary  limitation  of  the  length  of  my  stay  in 
England,  I  decided  to  omit  altogether  a  study  of  the  admin¬ 
istration  in  the  hands  of  the  church,  since  the  material  for 
such  a  study  is  scattered  throughout  the  country.  Further,  I 
have  not  attempted  to  deal  thoroughly  with  the  old  local 
courts,  since  so  small  a  proportion  of  their  rolls  are  to  be 
found  in  the  Public  Record  Office.  In  the  case  of  the  central 
government,  however,  the  sources,  as  far  as  they  exist  at  all 
for  the  years  1349-1359,  are  preserved  in  the  Record  Office. 

3* 


4 


APPENDIX 


* 

Almost  the  only  important  exceptions  are  the  manuscript  Year 
Books,  which  must  be  sought  in  other  archives ;  cf.  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii, 
s.  i  of  my  text.  It  seemed  wise,  therefore,  to  concentrate  my 
efforts  on  the  endeavor  to  make  as  complete  as  possible  an 
examination  of  these  sources. 

The  various  classes  of  records  and  their  contents  have  been 
analyzed  and  described  by  competent  authorities ;  for  example, 
by  Scargill-Bird  in  his  invaluable  Guide  to  the  Public  Records, 
by  Gross,  in  the  excellent  summaries  preceding  the  different 
sections  of  his  Sources  of  Eng .  Hist.,  or  in  less  technical  form 
by  Tout  in  the  appendix  to  Polit.  Hist,  of  Eng.  Further,  the 
publications  of  the  old  Record  Commission  and  the  calendars 
in  the  annual  reports  of  the  deputy  keeper  cover  a  wide  field, 
while  the  present  official  series  of  calendars  and  of  lists  and 
indexes  will  eventually  constitute  a  complete  catalogue  of  the 
documents  in  the  Record  Office.  In  the  meantime  many  manu¬ 
script  lists  available  only  on  the  spot  are  of  great  assistance 
to  the  investigator. 

No  general  description  of  the  material  being  needed,  my 
plan  in  the  following  pages  is  to  give  brief  summaries  of  the 
various  classes  of  manuscript  records  important  for  my  pur¬ 
pose,  with  references  to  any  portions  that  are  in  print,  and  to 
note  what  proportion  of  each  class  has  been  included  in  my 
search ;  also  to  point  out  certain  errors  and  inadequacies 
in  the  official  calendars  and  lists  and  to  call  attention  to  a 
notable  omission  on  the  part  of  nearly  all  authorities  of  one 
whole  class  of  records  essential  for  my  subject. 

These  summaries  and  critical  comments  will  serve  as  intro¬ 
ductions  to  the  groups  of  documents  and  extracts  from  docu¬ 
ments  constituting  the  bulk  of  this  appendix.  Except  in  a 
very  few  instances,  these  documents  have  not  been  hitherto 
printed  and  have  been  selected  from  each  important  class  of 
records,  the  greater  number  being  taken  from  those  classes 
that  are  least  likely  in  the  near  future  to  be  calendared  or 
printed.  To  these  texts  have  been  added  certain  lists  and 
tables  based  on  the  manuscript  sources. 


ACCOUNT  OF  SOURCES  5  * 

A  word  must  be  said  in  explanation  of  the  method  chosen 
for  grouping  the  documents.  The  three  great  departments 
responsible  for  the  enrollment  and  the  custody  of  the  records 
of  the  central  government  are  chancery,  the  exchequer  and  the 
courts  of  law.  For  purposes  of  investigation  it  proved  con¬ 
venient  to  consider  separately  the  chief  enactments  of  parlia¬ 
ment  and  council,  to  distinguish  the  judicial  from  the  admin¬ 
istrative  side  of  chancery,  and  to  regard  the  courts  as  being 
of  two  types,  local  courts  under  crown-appointed  justices,  and 
upper  courts,  including  the  king’s  bench,  common  pleas,  chan- 
eery  and  the  council.  To  these  must  be  added  a  third  type — 
the  old  local  courts  already  mentioned,  communal,  seignorial 
and  municipal — some  of  their  rolls  being  also  in  the  Public 
Record  Office. 

The  resulting  classification — A.  Parliament  and  council ;  B. 
Chancery  on  the  administrative  side;  C.  Local  courts  under 
crown-appointed  justices;  D.  Exchequer;  E.  Old  local  courts; 
F.  Upper  courts; — is  roughly  analogous  (except  for  A.)  to  the 
main  divisions  of  my  administrative  study.  The  correspond¬ 
ence  is  not  exact,  the  chief  difficulty  being  the  part  played 
by  the  council,  which  has  to  be  treated  under  every  depart¬ 
ment.  There  are  also  frequent  cross-classifications ;  e.  g.,  par¬ 
dons  for  outlawry  mark  one  step  in  the  judicial  system  and 
yet  are  necessarily  recorded  on  the  Patent  Rolls.  On  the  whole, 
however,  it  is  believed  that  the  groups  of  documents  as  ar¬ 
ranged  will  serve  to  illustrate  with  some  clearness  the  various 
phases  of  the  administrative  process,  and  it  is  hoped  that  they 
will  be  studied  in  connection  with  the  corresponding  sections 
of  my  text. 


II.  DOCUMENTS,  EXTRACTS  FROM  DOCUMENTS, 

LISTS  AND  TABLES 


A.  Parliament  and  Council 

INTRODUCTORY  NOTE 

Parliamentary  and  other  Petitions  (Chancery  and  Exchequer). 

These  include  almost  all  the  extant  petitions  of  the 
period  to  king,  council,  parliament,  and  chancellor 
in  his  executive  capacity.  Cf.  Scargill-Bird,  op.  cit., 
284-285,  and  Maitland,  Records  of  the  Parliament  of 
1305,  introduction,  xxvi. 

Index  of  Ancient  Petitions  of  the  Chancery  and  the  Ex¬ 
chequer,  Lists  and  Indexes ,  no.  1. 

Merely  a  list  of  names  of  the  petitioners,  with  no 
indication  of  the  contents  of  the  petitions ;  in  many 
cases  the  latter  are  undated,  and  are,  therefore,  unin¬ 
telligible.  About  a  tenth  are  printed  in  Rotidi  Par- 
liamentorum. 

Throughout  my  account  of  administrative  methods 
it  has  been  emphasized  that  traces  of  the  activity  of 
the  council  in  relation  to  the  statutes  of  labourers 
are  everywhere  apparent ;  this  fact  thus  confirms  the 
truth  of  Mr.  Baldwin’s  theory  that  before  the  era  of 
the  keeping  of  formal  council  records,  its  doings  can 
be  followed  by  a  study  of  the  records  of  other 
branches  of  government.  It  seems  probable,  there¬ 
fore,  that  an  exhaustive  examination  of  these  petitions 
with  a  given  subject  in  view,  like  the  statutes  of 
labourers,  and  in  connection  with  other  available 


6* 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


y  * 

sources,  would  reveal  the  date  and  real  significance  of 
innumerable  undated  petitions,  and  would  thus  throw 
light  on  the  working  of  mediaeval  machinery.  My  in¬ 
vestigation  has  included  so  few  out  of  the  mass  of 
about  16,000  petitions  that  the  results  are  not  im¬ 
portant. 

Royal  and  Historical  Letters,  collected  from  various  classes  of 
documents;  cf.  Scargill-Bird,  op.  cit.,  330-331. 

List  of  Ancient  Correspondence  of  the  Chancery  and  Ex¬ 
chequer ,  Lists  and  Indexes ,  no.  xv. 

Undoubtedly  some  of  these  would  also  reveal  coun¬ 
cil  methods  but  have  not  been  included  in  my  search. 

Parliament  Rolls.  (Chancery.) 

Parliamentary  and  other  Proceedings.  (Chancery). 

Parliamentary  Proceedings.  (Exchequer,  K.  R.) 

Statute  Rolls ;  imperfect,  supplemented  by  the  above. 

Rotuli  Parliamentorum. 

These  include  parliament  rolls  from  various  sources, 
some  of  the  material  contained  in  the  second  of  the 
two  series  of  “  Parliamentary  Proceedings/’  and 
many  petitions  from  “Parliamentary  and  other  Peti¬ 
tions.”  Cf.  Maitland,  Records  of  the  Parliament  of 
1305,  introduction,  xxvii,  xxxii,  lxii. 

I  have  relied  altogether  on  the  printed  Rotuli. 

The  Statutes  of  the  Realm. 

These  include  the  Statute  Rolls,  some  of  the  ma¬ 
terial  contained  in  the  second  of  the  two  series  of 
“  Parliamentary  Proceedings,”  and  a  number  of 
British  Museum  transcripts  of  documents  of  various 
kinds. 

As  illustrative  of  parliament  and  council  action, 
the  statutes  and  ordinances  are,  of  course,  the  most 
important;  in  this  case  it  has,  therefore,  seemed  wise 
to  depart  from  my  plan  of  including  in  the  appendix 


8  * 


APPENDIX 


•f  !•< 

i 

only  documents  hitherto  unprinted,  and  for  conveni¬ 
ence  to  give  the  text  of  the  labour  legislation  of  the 
decade.  The  statutes  have  been  reprinted  from  the 
Statutes  of  the  Realm ,  but  have  been  collated  with 
the  originals  on  the  Statute  Roll.  The  first  ordinance, 
also  reprinted  from  the  Statutes ,  has  been  collated 
with  the  Close  Roll  enrollment  and  has  been  grouped 
with  the  other  enactments;  but  the  second  ordinance 
and  the  “Statutum  de  Forma,  etc,”  which  the  editors 
of  the  Statutes  took  from  British  Museum  transcripts, 
with  some  consequent  errors,  are  now  printed  from 
exchequer  enrollments  and  grouped  with  other  ex¬ 
chequer  documents.1 * 


i.  List  of  Parliaments  1349-1359.2 


1351- ■ • 

...25 

Edw. 

III . 

.9  Feb. — 1  March. 

1352... 

. .  .25-26  Edw.  III. . . 

.13  Jan. — 11  Feb. 

1353- •• 

...27 

Edw. 

Ill . 

.23  Sept. — 12  Oct. 

1354- • • 

u 

.28  April — 20  May. 

I35S- •• 

...29 

tt 

.  12  Nov. — 30  Nov. 

1356... 

...30 

(( 

.No  parliament. 

1357- •• 

...31 

CC 

.  10  April — 16  May. 

1358- •• 

...32 

CC 

.5  Feb. — 27  Feb. 

1359*. • 

•••33 

cc 

.No  parliament. 

2.  Enactments.  Extracts  from  Close  Rolls  and  Statute  Rolls. 

Rotuli  Literarum  Clausarum,  23  Edw.  Ill,  pt.  1,  m.  8  d. :  3 
De  proclamacione  facienda  de  seruientibus. 

Rex  vicecomiti  Kane’,  salutem.  Quia  magna  pars  populi  et 
maxime  operariorum  et  seruientum  iam  in  ista  pestilencia  est 

1  App.  D,  1  and  2. 

1  Parry,  Parliaments  and  Councils ,  introduction,  lvi. 

3  Statutes,  23  Edw.  Ill,  cc.  1-7;  Rymer,  iii,  pt.  i,  198;  the  latter  gives 
the  erroneous  date  of  24  Edw.  iii.  A  summary  appears  in  Cal.  Close 
Rolls ,  ix,  87-88;  and  it  is  enrolled  in  London  Letter  Book  F;  cf.  Cal., 
192. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


9 


* 


defuncta,  nonnulli  videntes  1  necessitatem  dominorum  et  pauci- 
tatem  seruientum  seruire  nolunt  nisi  salaria  recipiant  excessiua, 
et  alii  mendicare  malentes  in  ocio  quam  per  laborem  querere 
victum  suum;  nos  pensantes  grauia  que  ex  carencia  presertim 
cultorum  et  operariorum  huiusmodi  peruenire  possent  incom- 
moda,  super  hoc  cum  prelatis  et  nobilibus  et  peritis  aliis  nobis 
assistentibus  deliberacionem  habuimus  et  tractatum ;  de  quorum 
vnanimi  consilio  duximus  ordinandum: 

Quod  quilibet  homo  et  femina  regni  nostri  Anglie,  cuius- 
cumque  condicionis  fuerit,  libere  vel  seruilis,  potens  in  corpore 
et  infra  etatem  sexaginta  annorum,  non  viuens  de  mercatura, 
nec  certum  excercens  artificium,  nec  habens  de  suo  proprio 
vnde  viuere  vel  terrain  propriam  circa  culturam  cuius  se  poterit 
occupare,  et  alteri  non  seruiens,  si  de  seruiendo  in  seruicio 
congruo  considerato  statu  suo  fuerit  requisitus,  seruire  teneatur 
illi  qui  ipsum  sic  duxerit  requirendum ;  et  percipiat  dumtaxat 
vadia,  liberaciones,  mercedes,  seu  salaria,  que  in  locis  vbi  ser¬ 
uire  debeat  consueta  sunt  prestari  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie 
vicesimo,  vel  annis  communibus  quinque  vel  sex  proxime  pre- 
cedentibus.  Prouiso  quod  domini  preferantur  aliis  in  natiuis 
seu  terram  suam  tenentibus  sic  in  seruicio  suo  retinendis.  Ita 
tamen  quod  huiusmodi  domini  sic  retineant  tot  quot  sibi  fuerint 
necessarii  et  non  plures ;  et  si  tabs  vir  vel  mulier,  sic  de  serui¬ 
endo  requisitus  vel  requisita,  hoc  facere  noluerit,  hoc  probato 
per  duos  fideles  homines  coram  vicecomite,  balliuo,  domino, 
aut  constabulario  ville  vbi  hoc  fieri  contigerit,  statim  per  eos 
vel  eorum  aliquem  capiatur  et  mittatur  proxime  gaole,  ibidem 
sub  arta  moretur  custodia  quousque  securitatem  inuenerit  de 
seruiendo  in  forma  predicta. 

Et  si  messor,  falcator  aut  alius  operarius  uel  seruiens,  cuius- 
cumque  status  fuerit  seu  condicionis,  in  seruicio  alicuius  re- 
tentus,  ante  finem  termini  concordati,  a  dicto  seruicio  sine 
causa  racionabili  vel  licencia  recesserit,  penam  imprisonamenti 
subeat,  et  nullus  sub  eadem  pena  talem  in  seruicio  suo  recipere 
vel  retinere  presumat. 


1  MS.  videndes. 


APPENDIX 


IO  * 

Nullus  eciam  vadia,  liberaciones,  merceries  seu  salaria  maiora 
solito,  sicut  predictum  est,  alicui  soluat  vel  soluere  promittat ; 
nec  aliquis  ea  alio  modo  exigat  vel  recipiat,  sub  pena  dupli 
illius  quod  sic  solutum,  promissum  fuerit,  aut  exactum  vel  re- 
ceptum,  illi  qui  ex  hoc  se  senserit  grauatum ;  et  nullo  tali 
volenti  prosequi,  tunc  cuicumque  de  populo  qui  hoc  prosecutus 
fuerit  applicandum ;  et  fiat  huiusmodi  prosecucio  in  curia 
domini  loci  quo  tabs  casus  acciderit ;  et  si  domini  villarum  vel 
maneriorum  contra  presentem  ordinacionem  nostram,  per  se 
vel  ministros  suos,  in  aliquo  venire  presumpserint,  tunc  in 
comitatibus,  wapentachiis  et  trithingis,  vel  aliis  curiis  nostris 
huiusmodi,  ad  penam  tripli  per  eos  vel  ministros  suos  sic  soluti 
vel  promissi,  in  forma  predicta  fiat  prosecucio  contra  eos;  et 
si  forsan  aliquis  ante  presentem  ordinacionem  cum  aliquo  de 
sic  seruiendo  pro  maiori  salario  conuenerit,  ipse  racione  dicte 
conuencionis  ad  soluendum  vltra  id  quod  alias  tali  consuetum 
est  soluere  minime  teneatur ;  immo  soluere  plus  sub  pena  pre¬ 
dicta  non  presumat. 

Item,  sellarii,  pelletarii,  allutarii,  sutores,  cissores,  fabri,  Car¬ 
pentaria  cementarii,  tegularii,  batellarii,  carectarii,  et  quicumque 
alii  artifices  et  operarii,  non  capiant  pro  labore  et  artificio  suo 
vltra  id  quod  dicto  anno  vicesimo  et  aliis  communibus  annis 
precedentibus  vt  premittitur,  in  locis  quibus  eos  operari  con- 
tigerit  talibus  solui  consueuit;  et  si  quis  plus  receperit  gaole 
proxime  modo  quo  premittitur  committatur. 

Item  quod  carnifices,  piscenarii,  hostellarii,  braciatores,  pis- 
tores,  pullettarii,  et  omnes  alii  venditores  victualium  quorum- 
cumque,  teneantur  huiusmodi  victualia  vendere  pro  precio  ra- 
cionabili,  habita  consideracione  ad  precium  quo  huiusmodi  vic¬ 
tualia  in  locis  propinquis  venduntur:  ita  quod  habeant  huius¬ 
modi  venditores  moderatum  lucrum,  non  excessiuum,  prout 
distancia  locorum  a  quibus  victualia  huiusmodi  cariantur  dux- 
erit  racionabiliter  requirendum ;  et  si  quis  victualia  huiusmodi 
alio  modo  vendiderit,  et  inde  in  forma  predicta  conuictus  fuerit, 
soluat  duplum  illius  quod  receperit  dampnificato,  vel  in  defectu 
illius  alteri  qui  prosequi  voluerit  in  hac  parte ;  et  habeant  po- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  n  * 

testatem  maior  et  balliui  ciuitatuum  et  burgorum,  villarum 
mercatoriarum  et  aliarum,  ac  portuum  et  locorum  maritimorum 
ad  inquirendum  de  omnibus  et  singulis  qui  contra  hoc  in  aliquo 
deliquerint  et  ad  penam  predictam  ad  opus  illorum,  ad  quorum 
sectam  huiusmodi  delinquentes  conuicti  fuerint,  leuandum ;  et 
in  casu  quo  iidem  maior  et  balliui  execucionem  premissorum 
facere  neclexerint,  et  de  hoc  coram  iusticiariis  per  nos  assig- 
nandis  convicti  fuerint,  tunc  iidem  maior  et  balliui  ad  triplum 
rei  sic  vendite  huiusmodi  dampnificato,  vel  alteri  in  defectu 
illius  prosequenti,  soluendum  per  eosdem  iusticiarios  compel- 
lantur,  et  nichilominus  versus  nos  grauiter  puniantur. 

Et  quia  multi  validi  mendicantes,  quamdiu  possent  ex  men- 
dicatis  elemosinis  viuere,  laborare  renuunt,  vacando  ociis  et 
peccatis,  et  quandoque  latrociniis  et  aliis  flagiciis,  nullus  sub 
pena  imprisonamenti  predicta,  talibus  qui  commode  laborare 
poterunt,  sub  colore  pietatis  vel  elemosine  quicquam  dare  seu 
eos  in  sua  desidia  confouere  presumat,  vt  sic  compellantur 
pro  vite  necessario  laborare. 

Tibi  precipimus  firmiter  iniungentes  quod  premissa  omnia  et 
singula  in  civitatibus,  burgis  et  villis  mercatoriis,  portubus 
maris  et  aliis  locis  in  balliua  tua  vbi  expedire  videris,  tarn 
infra  libertates  quam  extra,  publice  proclamari  et  teneri,  et 
execucionem  debitam  inde  fieri  facias,  sicut  predictum  est;  et 
hoc  sicut  nos  et  communem  vtilitatem  regni  nostri  diligis  et  te 
ipse  indempnem  seruare  volueris  nullatenus  omittas. 

Teste  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium,  xviii  die  Iunii  per  ipsum 
Regem  et  totum  consilium. 

Consimilia  breuia  diriguntur  singulis  vicecomitibus  per  An- 
gliam. 

Rex  venerabili  in  Christo  patri  W.  eadem  gracia  episcopo 
Wyntoniensi,  salutem.  Quia  magna  pars  populi  etc.  vt  supra, 
usque  pro  vite  necessario  laborare,  et  tunc  sic:  et  ideo  vos 
rogamus  quod  premissa  in  singulis  ecclesiis  et  locis  aliis  vestre 
diocesis  quibus  expedire  videritis,  publicari  faciatis ;  mandantes 
rectoribus,  vicariis  ecclesiarum  huiusmodi,  ministris  et  aliis  sub- 


12 


APPENDIX 


* 

ditis  vestris,  vt  parochianos  suos  ad  laborandum  et  ad  tenendum 
ordinaciones  predictas,  sicut  instans  necessitas  exigit,  salu- 
taribus  monitis  solicitent  et  inducant:  Vos  eciam  capellanos 
stipendiaries  dicte  vestre  diocesis,  qui  similiter  iam  sine  exces- 
siuo  nolunt,  vt  dicitur,  seruire  salario,  compescatis ;  et  ad  serui- 
endum  pro  consueto  salario  prout  expedit,  sub  pena  suspen¬ 
sion^  et  interdicte  compellatis.  Et  hoc  sicut  nos  et  communem 
vtilitatem  dicti  regni  nostri  diligitis,  nullatenus  omittatis. 

Teste  ut  supra. 

per  ipsum  Regem  et  totum  consilium. 

Consimile  litere  rogatiue  diriguntur  singulis  episcopis  An- 
glie  ac  custodi  spiritualitatis  archiepiscopatus  Cantuariensis, 
sede  vacante,  sub  eadem  data. 

Ex  magno  Rotulo  Statutorum  .  .  .  m.  18. 

Statuta  in  parliamento  tento  apud  Westmonasterium  in  octabis 
Purificacionis  beate  Marie  virginis  anno  regni  domini  Ed- 
wardi  Regis  Anglie  .  .  .  vicesimo  quinto  .  .  } 

Come  nadgairs  contra  la  malice  de  seruantz,  queux  furent 
preciouses  et  nient  voillantz  seruir  apres  la  pestilence,  sanz 
trop  outrageouses  lowers  prendre,  feut  ordine  par  nostre  seig- 
nur  le  Roi  et  par  assent  des  prelatz,  nobles  et  autres  de  son 
conseil,  que  tieux  maners  des  seruantz,  sibien  hommes  come 
femmes,  fussent  tenuz  de  seruir,  receyuantz  salaries  et  gages 
accustumez  es  lieus  ou  ils  deueront  seruir,  lan  du  regne  le  dit 
nostre  seignur  le  Roi  vintisme,  ou  cink  ou  sis  annz  deuant,  et 
que  mesmes  les  seruantz  refusantz  seruir  par  autiele  manere 
fuissent  punys  par  emprisonement  de  lour  corps,  sicome  en 
mesme  lordenance  est  contenuz  plus  au  playn;  Sur  qoi  com¬ 
missions  furent  faites  as  diuerses  gentz  en  chescun  counte  den- 
quere  et  punir  touz  ceaux  que  venissent  au  contraire ;  Et  ia 
par  tant  que  done  est  entendre  a  nostre  dit  seignur  le  Roi  en 
cest  present  parlement,  par  la  peticion  de  la  commune,  que  les 
ditz  seruantz  nient  eiantz  regard  a  la  dite  ordenance,  mes  a 

1  Statutes,  25  Edw.  Ill,  st.  2,  cc.  1-7;  Rot.  Par/.,  ii,  233b-235a;  en¬ 
rolled  in  London  Letter  Book  F;  cf.  Cal.,  232. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


13 


* 


lour  eses  et  singulers  couetises,  se  retreent  de  seruir  as  grantz 
ou  as  autres  sils  neyent  liueresons  et  lowers  au  duble  ou  treble 
de  ceo  quils  soloient  prendre  le  dit  an  vintisme  et  deuant,  a 
grant  damage  des  grantz,  et  empouericement  des  touz  ceux  de 
la  dite  commune,  dont  il  estoit  prie  par  mesme  la  commune  de 
remedie;  par  qoi  en  mesme  le  parlement,  par  assent  des  pre- 
latz,  countes,  barons,  et  autres  grantz,  et  de  la  dite  commune 
illoques  assemblez,  pur  refreyndre  la  malice  des  ditz  seruantz 
sont  ordenes  et  estables  les  choses  suzescriptz.  Cest  assauoir : 

Que  chescun  charetter,  caruer,  chaceour  des  carues,  bercher, 
porcher,  deye,  et  touz  autres  seruantz,  preignent  liueresons  et 
lowers  accustumes  le  dit  an  vintisme  et  quatre  annz  deuant; 
issint  qen  pays  ou  furment  soleit  estre  done  preignent  pur  le 
bussel  x  d.  ou  furment  a  la  volunte  le  donur,  tanques  autre- 
ment  soit  ordeigne;  et  qils  soient  allowes  de  seruir  par  lan 
entier  ou  autres  termes  vsuels,  et  nemye  par  iournes,  et  que 
nul  preigne  en  temps  de  sarcler  ou  feyns  faire  forsques  i  d.  le 
iour;  et  fauchours  des  preez  pur  lacre  v  d.  ou  par  la  iourne 
v  d.,  et  sciours  des  blees  en  la  primere  symaigne  daust  ii  d.  et 
en  la  seconde  iii  d.  et  issint  tanques  au  fyn  Daust,  et  meyns 
en  pays  ou  meyns  soleit  estre  done,  saunz  mangier  ou  autre 
curtoysie  demander,  doner  ou  prendre;  et  que  tieux  ouerours 
portent  ouertement  en  lour  meyns  as  villes  marchantz  lour  in- 
strumentz,  et  illoeques  soient  alowes  en  lieu  commune  et  nemye 
priue. 

Item  que  nul  preigne  pur  le  batre  de  vn  quarter  de  furment 
ou  segle,  outre  ii  d.  ob.,  et  pur  le  quarter  dorge,  feues,  poys, 
et  aueynes  i  d.  ob.  si  tant  soleit  estre  done;  et  en  pays  ou 
homme  soleit  scier  pur  certeyns  garbes  et  batre  pur  certeyns 
busseux,  ne  preigne  plus  nen  autre  manere  qil  soleit  le  dit  an 
vintisme  et  deuant ;  et  que  mesmes  les  seruantz  soient  sermentez 
deux  foitz  par  an  deuant  seignurs,  seneschals,  baillifs  et  cone- 
stables  de  chescune  ville,  a  ceste  chose  tenir  et  faire,  et  que  nul 
de  eux  irra  hors  de  la  ville  ou  il  demoert  en  yuer,  pur  seruir 
en  estee,  sil  puisse  auoir  seruice  en  mesme  la  ville,  pernant 
come  deuant  est  dit;  sauve  que  les  gentz  des  countez  de  Staf- 


14 


APPENDIX 


* 

ford,  Lancastre  et  Derby,  et  gentz  de  Crauen  et  de  la  marche 
de  Gales  et  Descoce,  et  autres  lieux  puissent  venir  en  temps 
Daust,  de  laborer  en  autres  countes,  et  saluement  returner 
come  ils  soloient  faire  auant  ses  heures ;  et  que  ceux  que  re- 
fusent  de  faire  tiel  serement  ou  perfourner  ceo  qils  ount  iures, 
ou  empris,  soient  mys  en  ceppes  par  les  ditz  seignurs,  sene- 
schaux,  baillifs  et  conestables  des  villes,  par  trois  iours  ou 
pluis,  ou  mandez  a  la  procheyn  gaole,  a  demorer  illoeques 
tanques  ils  se  voillent  iusticer;  et  que  ceppes  soient  faitz  en 
chescune  ville  par  celle  encheson  enter  cy  et  la  Pentecost. 

Item  que  carpenters,  masons,  teglers,  et  autres  couerours  des 
mesons,  ne  preignent  le  iour  pur  lour  ouereygne  forsque  en 
manere  come  ils  soleient,  cest  assauoir,  mestre  carpenter  iii  d. 
et  autre  ii  d. ;  mestre  meson  de  franche  peer  iiii  d.  et  autre 
mason  iii  d.  et  lour  seruantz  i  d.  ob. ;  teguler  iii  d.  et  son  gar- 
ceon  i  d.  ob.  et  couerour  de  ros  et  estreym  iii  d.  et  son  garceon 
i  d.  ob. 

Item  plastrers  et  autres  ouerours  des  mures  darzill  et  lour 
garceons  par  mesme  la  manere,  saunz  mangier  ou  boire,  cest 
assauoir,  de  la  Pasche  tanques  a  la  Seynt  Michel ;  et  de  cel 
temps  meyns  solonc  lafiferant  et  discrecion  des  iustices  qi  ser- 
ront  a  ce  assignez ;  et  que  ceux  qui  fount  cariage,  par  terre  ou 
par  ewe,  ne  preignent  pluis  pur  tiel  cariage  faire,  qils  ne 
soloient  le  dit  an  vintisme  et  quatre  annz  devant. 

Item  que  coiuoisers  ne  suours  ne  vendent  botes,  soulers, 
nautre  chose  touchant  lour  mister  par  autre  manere  qils  ne 
soleint  le  dit  an  vintisme :  et  que  orfeures,  sellers,  ferrours  des 
chiuaux,  esporoners,  tannours,  correours,  pelleters,  taillours,  et 
touz  autres  ouerours,  artificers,  et  laborers,  et  touz  autres 
seruantz  nient  especifiez,  soient  sermentez  deuant  les  dites  ius¬ 
tices  de  faire  et  vser  leur  artes  et  offices  en  manere  come  ils 
fesoient  le  dit  an  vintisme  et  en  temps  deuant,  sanz  les  refuser 
par  cause  de  ceste  ordinance ;  et  si  nul  des  ditz  seruantz,  la¬ 
borers,  oeuerours,  ou  artificers  apres  tiel  serment  fait  viegne 
encontre  celle  ordinance,  soit  puny  par  fin,  ranceon,  et  cm- 
prisonement,  selonc  la  discrecion  des  dites  iustices. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  I5  * 

Item  que  les  ditz  seneschalx,  baillifs  et  conestables  des  dites 
villes,  soient  sermentez  deuant  meismes  les  iustices  denquere 
diligeanment,  par  totes  les  bones  voies  quils  purront,  de  touz 
ceux  qi  vendront  contre  ceste  ordinance,  et  de  certifier  meismes 
les  iustices  de  lours  nouns,  a  totes  les  foitz  qils  vendront  en 
pays  pur  faire  lour  sessions;  issint  que  les  dites  iustices  ewe 
certificacion  de  meismes  les  seneschalx,  baillifs  et  conestables, 
des  nouns  de  rebeaux,  les  facent  attacher  par  lour  corps,  destre 
deuant  meismes  les  iustices  a  respondre  des  tielx  contemptz, 
issint  qils  facent  fyn  et  raunceon  au  Roi  en  cas  qils  soient 
atteintz,  et  outre  soient  commandez  a  la  prisone,  a  y  demurer 
tanqils  aueront  troue  seurete  de  seruir  et  prendre,  et  lour  oue- 
reignes  faire,  et  choses  vendables  vendre,  en  la  manere  auant- 
dite;  et  en  cas  que  nul  de  eux  viegne  contre  son  serement,  et 
de  ce  soit  atteint,  eit  la  prisone  de  xl  iours,  et  si  autrefoitz  il 
soit  conuict  eit  la  prisone  dun  quarter  del  an,  issint  que  a 
chescun  foitz  qil  trespas,  et  soit  conuict,  eit  la  penance  au 
double:  et  que  meismes  les  iustices  enquergent  a  chescune 
foitz  qils  vendront,  des  ditz  seneschalx,  baillifs  et  conestables 
sils  eient  fait  bone  et  loiale  certificacion  ou  nule  concele,  par 
doun,  procurement,  ou  affinite,  et  les  punir  par  fyn  et  ranceon 
sils  soient  trouez  coupables :  et  que  meismes  les  iustices  eient 
poair  denquere  et  faire  due  punissement  des  ditz  ministres, 
ouerours,  laborers,  et  autres  seruantz  queconques,  et  auxint 
des  hostelers,  herbergers,  et  ceux  qi  vendont  vitailles  en  retaille, 
et  autres  choses  nient  especifiez,  si  bien  a  la  suite  de  partie, 
come  par  presentment,  et  doier  et  terminer  et  mettre  la  chose 
en  execucion  par  Exigend  apres  le  primer  Capias,  si  mestier 
soit,  et  de  deputer  autres  soutz  eux,  tantz  et  tielx  come  ils 
verront  que  mieltz  soit,  pur  la  garde  de  meisme  ceste  ordinance ; 
et  que  ceux  qi  vorront  suir,  vers  tielx  seruantz,  ouerours,  et 
laborers,  pur  excesse  pris  deux  et  ils  soient  de  ce  atteintz  a 
lour  suite,  qils  puissent  reauoir  cel  excesse;  et  en  cas  que  nul 
voudra  suir  pur  tiel  excesse  reauoir,  adonqes  soit  leue  des  ditz 
seruantz,  ouerours,  laborers  et  artificers  et  liuere  as  coillours 
de  la  quinzisme,  en  alleggeance  des  villes  ou  tiel  excesse  fut  pris.. 


APPENDIX 


l6* 

Item  que  viscontes,  conestables,  baillifs,  gaolers,  et  clercs  des 
iustices  ou  des  viscontes,  nautres  ministres  queconqes,  rienz  ne 
preignent  par  cause  de  lour  offices,  de  meismes  les  seruantz, 
pur  fees,  suete  de  prisone,  nen  autre  manere ;  et  sils  eient 
rienz  pris  en  tiele  manere,  qils  les  facent  deliuerer  as  coillours 
des  disme  et  quinzisme,  en  eide  de  la  commune  pur  temps  qe 
les  disme  et  quinzisme  courgent,  auxibien  pur  tout  le  temps 
passe  come  pur  le  temps  auenir;  et  que  les  dites  iustices  en- 
quergent  en  lour  sessions  si  les  ditz  ministres  eient  rienz  receuz 
de  meismes  les  seruantz  et  ce  quils  troueront  par  dels  enquestes 
que  les  ditz  ministres  aueront  receuz,  facent  meismes  les  ius¬ 
tices  leuer  de  chescun  des  ditz  ministres  et  liuerer  as  ditz  coil¬ 
lours  ensemblement  od  lexcesses,  fins  et  ranceons  faitz,  et 
auxint  les  amerciementz  de  toux  ceux  qi  serront  amerciez 
deuant  les  ditz  iustices,  en  allegeance  des  villes  come  desus  est 
dit;  et  en  cas  que  lexcesse  troue  en  vne  ville  passe  la  quantite 
de  la  quinzisme  de  meisme  la  ville,  soit  le  remenant  de  del 
excesse  leue,  et  paie  par  les  ditz  coillours  a  les  plus  proscheines 
villes  poures,  en  eide  de  lour  quinzisme,  par  auisement  des  ditz 
iustices;  et  que  les  fins,  raunceons,  excesses  et  amerciementz 
des  ditz  seruantz  et  laborers  pur  temps  auenir,  currante  la  dite 
quinzisme,  soient  liuerez  as  ditz  coillours  en  la  forme  susdite, 
par  endenture  afifaire  entre  eux  et  les  ditz  iustices,  issint  que 
meismes  les  coillours  puissent  estre  chargez  sur  lour  accompt 
par  meismes  les  endentures,  en  cas  que  les  ditz  fins,  raunceons, 
amerciementz  et  excesses,  ne  soient  paiez  en  eide  de  la  quin¬ 
zisme  auantdite,  et  cessante  meisme  la  quinzisme,  soit  leue  al 
oeps  le  Roi  et  respondu  a  lui  par  le  viscont  du  countee. 

Item  que  les  ditz  iustices  facent  lour  sessions  en  touz  les 
countes  Dengleterre  au  meins  quatre  foitz  par  an,  cest  assauoir, 
a  les  festes  del  Annunciacion  de  nostre  Dame,  Seinte  Mar- 
garete,  Seint  Michel,  et  Seint  Nicholas,  et  auxint  totes  les 
foitz  qil  busoignera  selonc  la  descrecion  des  iustices;  et  que 
ceux  qi  parlent  en  presence  des  dites  iustices,  ou  autres  choses 
facent  en  lour  absence  ou  presence,  en  abaudissement  ou  mein- 
tenance  des  ditz  seruantz  et  laborers,  au  contraire  de  cest  ordi- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  iy  * 

nance,  soient  greuement  punys  selonc  la  discrecion  des  dites 
Justices :  et  si  nul  des  ditz  laborers,  artificers  ou  seruantz  senfue 
dun  countee  tanques  en  autre,  par  cause  de  ceste  ordinance, 
que  les  viscontes  des  countes  ou  tiels  futiues  serront  trouez  les 
facent  prendre,  au  mandement  des  iustices  des  countes  dont  ils 
senfuerent,  et  le  mesnent  a  la  chief  gaole  de  meisme  cel  counte, 
illoeques  a  demurer  tanques  a  la  proscheine  session  des  meismes 
les  iustices,  et  que  les  ditz  viscontz  returnent  tielx  mandementz 
deuant  meismes  les  iustices  a  lour  proscheines  sessions,  et  que 
ceste  ordinance  soit  tenue  et  garde,  sibien  deinz  la  citee  de 
Londres  come  en  autres  citees  et  burghs  et  aillours  parmy  la 
terre,  sibien  deinz  franchise  come  dehors. 

Ex  magno  Rotulo  Statutorum  ...  m.  15. 

Statutum  contra  adnullatores  iudiciorum  curie  Regis  factum 
anno  XXVII0.1 

•  ••«••••* 
Ensement  pur  les  grantz  et  outraieouses  chiertees  des  vitail- 
les,  que  les  hostelers  des  herbergeries  et  autres  regraters  de 
vitailles  fount  par  tout  le  roialme,  a  grant  damage  du  poeple 
qi  passe  parmie  le  roialme,  accorde  est  et  establi,  que  iustices 
sachantz  de  lei,  qi  soient  bones  et  couenables  soient  de  nouel 
eslutz  denquere  des  faitx  et  des  outrages  de  tieux  hostelers, 
regraters,  laborers,  et  touz  autres  compris  en  lestatut  autre- 
foitz  ent  fait;  et  de  les  punir,  et  outre  faire  droit  au  Roi  et 
au  poeple:  Sauuant  totesfoitz  a  chescun  seignur  et  autres  leur 
franchises  en  toutz  pointz. 

Ex  magno  Rotulo  Statutorum  .  .  .  m.  14. 

Statutum  de  anno  vicesimo  octauo  Regis  Edwardi  tercii.2 
•  •••••••* 

Item,  acorde  est  et  establi,  que  feer  fait  en  Engleterre,  et 
feer  mesne  en  Engleterre  et  illoeques  vendu,  ne  soit  mesne  hors 
du  roialme  Dengleterre  sur  peine  de  forfaire  le  double  deuers 
le  Roi : 

1  Statutes,  27  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  3. 

2 Ibid.,  28  Edw.  Ill,  c.  5. 


APPENDIX 


18  * 

Et  eient  les  iustices  assignez  denquere  de  laborers,  et  autres 
iustices  queux  le  Roi  vodra  a  ce  assigner,  poer  denquere  de 
ceux  qui  vendent  le  feer  a  trop  cher  pris  et  de  les  punir  solonc 
la  quantite  de  trespas. 

Ex  magno  Rotulo  Statutorum  ...  m.  13. 

Statutum  editum  apud  Westmonasterium  die  Lune  proximo 
post  septimanam  Pasche  anno  XXXI0.1 

•  ••••  ••  •• 

Item,  coment  que  par  estatut  nadgairs  fait  fuist  ordine,  que 
les  issues,  fins  et  amercimentz  des  seruantz,  artificers  et  autres 
ouerours,  aiuggez  deuant  iustices  des  laborers,  serroient  au 
Roi  apres  les  trois  anns  de  la  quinzisme  triennale,  adonqes 
grante  au  Roi  par  la  commune  de  son  roialme ;  acorde  est  et 
assentu,  que  les  seignurs  des  fraunchises,  qi  ont  fins,  issues  et 
amerciementz  par  point  de  chartre  ou  en  autre  manere,  eient 
desore  enauant  les  dites  fins,  issues,  et  amerciementz  des  la¬ 
borers,  que  a  eux  appartiegnent  de  droit,  tant  come  la  iusti- 
cerie  des  laborers  dure :  Issint  totes  voies  que  les  ditz  seignurs 
facent  contribucion  a  paiement  des  feez  de  tieux  iustices  des 
laborers,  selonc  lafferant  des  profitz  qils  enprendront. 

Item,  acorde  est  que  lestatut  des  laborers  soit  aussibien  tenuz 
en  la  citee  et  les  suburbes  de  Loundres  et  en  les  cynk  portz  et 
autres  franchises  qeconqes  come  aillours  en  Engleterre. 

1  Statutes,  31  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  cc.  6-7. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


19  * 

B.  Chancery  (Administrative  side;  cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  1.) 

INTRODUCTORY  NOTE 

Close  Rolls. 

Calendar;  v.  ix,  1349-1354. 

Rymer’s  Foedera  contain  a  number  of  letters  close. 

Patent  Rolls. 

Calendars ;  v.  viii,  1348-1350;  v.  ix,  1350-1354. 
Calendarium  Rotulorum  Patentium. 

Selections  only;  of  no  importance  in  comparison 
with  the  new  series  of  calendars. 

Rymer’s  Foedera  contain  a  number  of  letters  patent. 
Calendar  of  Letter  Books  of  the  City  of  London ,  A-G. 
Contains  enrollments  of  letters  close  and  patent. 
(Cf.  also  Munimenta  Gildhallae  and  Memorials  of 
London.) 

Fine  Rolls  and  Liberate  Rolls  have  neither  of  them  been  ex¬ 
amined  ;  see  Scargill-Bird,  op.  cit.,  37  and  42. 

Originalia  Rolls. 

Exchequer  duplicates  of  enrollments  on  the  Close, 
Patent  and  Fine  Rolls  having  to  do  with  income  due 
the  exchequer ;  classed  here  for  convenience. 
Rotulorum  Originalium  Abbreviatio. 

Chancery  Lists. 

Chancery  Files,  Tower  series. 

Writs,  original  and  judicial,  Letters  Patent,  orig¬ 
inal  and  uncancelled. 

Warrants  for  the  Great  Seal;  series  i;  Writs  of 
Privy  Seal,  Bills  of  Privy  Seal,  Warrants  under  the 
Signet. 

Miscellaneous  Rolls,  etc.  Tower. 

Cf.  Scargill-Bird,  op.  cit.,  241-248. 

The  Palatinates. 

Chester. 

Recognizance  Rolls. 

Alphabetical  calendar;  R.  D.  K.,  xxxvi,  app.  2. 
Durham. 


20 


APPENDIX 


* 


Cursitors’  Records. 

Alphabetical  calendar;  R.  D.  K.t  xxxi,  app.,  112  et  seq . 

Lancaster. 

Chancery  Rolls,  Duchy  of  Lancaster. 

No.  i;  4  Henry,  Duke  of  Lancaster. 

No.  ii;  4-1 1  Henry,  Duke  of  Lancaster. 

Calendar;  R.  D.  K.,  xxxii,  app.  i,  331  et  seq. 

List  of  the  Records  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster ,  Lists 
and  Indexes,  no.  xiv. 

In  the  case  of  the  palatinate  material  and  of 
the  Close,  Patent  and  Originalia  rolls,  my  search 
has  been  exhaustive ;  but  in  the  case  of  the 
Chancery  Lists  I  have  examined  only  the  groups 
under  Warrants  for  the  Great  Seal. 

It  will  appear  that  the  bulk  of  the  informa¬ 
tion  on  the  topics  included  in  pt.  i,  ch.  i,  is  ob¬ 
tained  from  the  various  series  of  records  just 
described,  although  some  supplementary  sources 
are  also  necessary.  It  is  also  clear  that  while 
there  are  some  enrollments  having  to  do  with 
exchequer  or  judicial  processes,  the  greater  num¬ 
ber  of  the  entries  as  to  the  statutes  of  labourers 
in  any  of  these  chancery  records  deal  with  the 
subjects  of  ch.  i,  namely,  the  form  of  the  com¬ 
missions,  the  lists  of  justices  appointed,  exemp¬ 
tions,  exonerations,  removals,  etc. 

When  I  began  my  work  in  London  in  the 
spring  of  1905,  the  calendars  of  the  Close  and 
Patent  Rolls  for  the  years  1349-1359  had  not  yet 
been  published ;  although  through  the  courtesy  of 
Mr.  Scargill-Bird  I  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing 
the  proof-sheets  of  v.  viii  of  the  Calendar  of 
Patent  Rolls.  The  two  volumes  issued  since  then 
cover  about  half  of  the  decade,  but  as  the  printed 
calendars  contain  some  rather  serious  errors  in 
regard  to  my  subject,  it  is  not  to  be  regretted 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  2l  * 

.  j 

that  I  was  forced  to  examine  the  rolls  in  manu¬ 
script.  It  seems  advisable  merely  to  point  out 
these  errors,  and  to  print  comparatively  few  of 
the  enrollments,  and  instead,  to  supply  from  these 
sources  certain  lists,  which  it  is  believed  will  aid 
in  a  clear  understanding  of  the  course  of  events, 
lists  which  would  still  have  to  be  compiled  even 
were  the  series  of  calendars  complete  and  en¬ 
tirely  free  from  mistakes. 

1.  Extracts  from  Chancery  enrollments,  chiefly  Patent  Rolls, 

and  corresponding  documents  for  the  palatinates. 

2.  Chronological  list  of  commissions  to  enforce  the  statutes  of 

labourers  issued  during  the  years  1349-1359. 

3.  List  of  the  671  justices  responsible  for  the  enforcement  of 

the  statutes  during  the  decade. 

4.  List  of  territorial  districts  for  which  separate  commissions 

for  labourers  were  issued  between  1352  and  1359. 

1.  Extracts  from  Chancery  enrollments,  chiefly  Patent  Rolls, 

and  corresponding  documents  for  the  palatinates. 

Rotuli  Literarum  Patencium,  25  Edw.  Ill,  pt.  1,  m.  15  d.  ;x 

De  pace  conseruanda. 

Rex  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis,  Willelmo  de  Clynton,  comiti 
Huntyngdon’,  Iohanni  de  Cobham,  Ricardo  de  Wylughby,  Ot- 
toni  de  Grandissono,  Henrico  Grene,  Willelmo  de  Notton, 
Iohanni  Bray  et  Roberto  Vyneter,  salutem.  Sciatis  quod  as- 
signauimus  vos,  septem,  sex,  quinque,  quatuor,  tres  et  duos 
vestrum  ad  pacem  nostram  necnon  ad  statuta  apud  Wyntoniam 
et  Norhamptoniam  pro  conseruacione  pacis  eiusdem  edita  in 
omnibus  et  singulis  suis  articulis  in  comitatu  Kancie  custo- 
dienda  et  custodiri  facienda,  et  ad  omnes  illos  quos  contra 
formam  statutorum  predictorum  delinquentes  inueneritis  casti- 
gandos  et  puniendos  prout  secundum  formam  statutorum 
eorundem  fuerit  faciendum,  et  ad  ordinandum,  superuidendum 


'Cal.,  ix,  85,  et  seq. 


22 


APPENDIX 


* 

et  faciendum  quod  omnes  et  singuli  homines  in  comitatu  pre- 
dicto  infra  libertates  et  extra  iuxta  eorum  status  et  facilitates 
armis  competentibus  muniantur,  arraientur  et  parentur,  et  de 
incedendo  et  auxiliando  vobis  et  cuilibet  vestrum  in  hiis  que 
pacis  et  statutorum  predictorum  conseruacionem  concernunt, 
sint  compulsi,  prout  melius  fore  videbitur  expedire.  Assigna- 
uimus  eciam  vos,  septem,  sex,  quinque,  quatuor,  tres  et  duos 
vestrum  iusticiarios  nostros  ad  inquirendum  per  sacramentum 
proborum  et  legalium  hominum  de  comitatu  predicto  tarn  infra 
libertates  quam  extra  per  quos  rei  veritas  melius  sciri  poterit, 
qui  vagabundi  et  alii  aggregata  sibi  ingenti  multitudine  male- 
factorum  et  pacis  nostre  perturbatorum  alligaciones,  confed- 
eraciones  et  conuenticula  illicita  tarn  infra  libertates  quam  extra 
de  die  et  nocte  facientes  in  comitatu  predicto  vagantur  et  dis- 
currunt,  passus  in  boscis  et  aliis  locis  publicis  et  priuatis  ob- 
seruantes  et  hominibus  per  partes  illas  transeuntibus  insidiantes 
et  quosdam  de  bonis  et  rebus  suis  depredantes,  et  ad  ferias, 
mercata  et  alia  loca  vi  armata  accedentes  homines  verberantes, 
vulnerantes  et  male  tractantes,  et  quosdam  membris  mutilantes, 
et  quosdam  nequiter  interficientes,  et  quosdam  capientes  et 
penes  se  quousque  fines  et  redempciones  cum  eis  ad  voluntatem 
suam  fecerint,  detinentes,  et  alia  felonias,  transgressiones  et 
maleficia  in  comitatu  predicto  perpetrantes,  et  qui  dictos  male- 
factores  postmodum  scienter  receptarunt,  seu  manutenuerunt, 
sen  ipsis  assensum,  consensum,  vim  aut  auxilium  ad  hoc  pre- 
buerunt,  et  qualiter  et  quo  modo  et  de  omnibus  aliis  articulis 
et  circumstanciis  premissa  qualitercumque  contingentibus  ple- 
nius  veritatem,  et  omnes  illos  quos  inde  indictari  contigerit  in- 
sequendos,  arestandos  et  capiendos  et  in  prison  is  nostris  saluo 
custodiri  faciendos  donee  inde  deliberentur  secundum  legem  et 
consuetudinem  regni  nostri  Anglie,  ac  eciam  ad  ordinaciones 
de  operatoribus,  artificibus  et  seruitoribus  per  nos  et  consilium 
nostrum  pro  communi  vtilitate  ipsius  regni,  tarn  in  consilio 
nostro  quam  in  vltimo  parliamento  nostro  apud  Westmonas- 
terium  tentis,  factas  quas  vobis  mittimus  sub  pede  sigilli  nostri, 
in  omnibus  et  singulis  suis  articulis  in  comitatu  predicto  infra 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  23  * 

libertates  et  extra  custodiendas  et  custodiri  faciendas,  et  omnes 
illos  quos  contra  formam  earnndem  inueneritis  in  aliquo  de- 
linquentes,  castigandos  et  puniendos  prout  secundum  formam 
earundem  fuerit  faciendum,  et  ad  ordinandum,  superuidendum 
et  faciendum  quod  omnes  et  singuli  articuli  in  dictis  ordina- 
cionibus  contenti  in  comitatu  predicto  infra  libertates  et  extra 
debite  execucioni  demandentur,  et  ad  inquirendum  de  vice- 
comitibus,  senescallis,  balliuis,  ministris  et  aliis  quibuscumque 
qui  colore  ordinacionum  predictarum  huiusmodi  operarios,  arti¬ 
fices  et  seruitores  ceperunt  et  eos  per  fines  et  redempciones  ad 
vsus  suos  proprios  applicandos  auctoritate  sua  propria,  con- 
dicionibus  in  dictis  ordinacionibus  contentis  non  obseruatis, 
deliberarunt,  et  de  taxatoribus  et  collectoribus  decime  et  quinte- 
decime  nobis  per  laicos  concessarum  in  comitatu  predicto  et 
eorum  subtaxatoribus  et  subcollectoribus  villarum  infra  liber¬ 
tates  et  extra  et  deputandis  ab  eis  in  comitatu  predicto,  si  ipsi 
omnes  artifices,  seruitores  et  operarios  singularum  villarum 
earundem  ad  totas  illas  summas  quas  vltra  id  quod  anno  regni 
nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  vel  annis  communibus  quinque  vel  sex 
proxime  precedentibus  pro  laboribus,  seruiciis  et  artificiis  suis 
perceperunt  in  alleuiacionem  villarum  earundem  in  auxilium 
solucionis  summarum  ad  quas  eedem  ville  seu  homines  earun¬ 
dem  ad  decimam  et  quintamdecimam  iam  currentes  assessi 
fuerunt,  assederint  et  summas  illas  ab  eis  leuauerint  iuxta 
tenorem  commissionis  nostre  eisdem  taxatoribus  et  collectoribus 
inde  facte  nec  ne,  ac  eciam  de  hiis  qui  huiusmodi  artifices, 
seruitores  et  operarios  pro  laboribus,  seruiciis  et  artificiis  suis 
vel  pro  alio  suo  dando  contra  dictas  ordinaciones  vel  aliquo  in 
eisdem  contento  arte  vel  ingenio  fouerunt  vel  nutrierunt,  fouent 
vel  nutriunt,  in  hac  parte  et  ad  ea  omnia  et  singula  que  contra 
formam  ordinacionum  predictarum  fuerint  attemptata,  tarn  ad 
sectam  nostram  et  aliorum  quorumcumque  coram  vobis  con- 
queri  vel  prosequi  volencium,  quam  ad  transgressiones  pre- 
dictas  ad  sectam  nostram,  tantum  audiendas  et  terminandas 
secundum  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri  Anglie  ac  for¬ 
mam  ordinacionum  predictarum,  et  ad  processus  versus  omnes. 


APPENDIX 


24  * 

quos  de  homicidiis  et  feloniis  huiusmodi  contigerit  indictari  in 
hac  parte  quousque  capiantur,  reddantur  vel  vtlagentur  faci- 
endos.  Assignauimus  eciam  vos,  septem,  sex,  quinque,  qua¬ 
tuor,  tres  et  duos  vestrum,  quorum  aliquem  vestrum  vos  prefati 
Ricarde,  Henrice  et  Willelme  de  Notton  vnum  esse  volumus 
iusticiarios  nostros  ad  homicidia  et  felonias  predicta  audienda 
et  terminanda  et  ad  omnia  indictamenta  feloniam  tangencia 
coram  vobis  prefate  comes  et  sociis  vestris  nuper  iusticiariis 
nostris  in  hac  parte  vltimo  assignatis  facta,  ad  vos,  septem,  sex, 
quinque,  quatuor,  tres  et  duos  vestrum  iusticiarios  nostros  ad 
omnia  alia  indictamenta  coram  vobis  prefate  comes  et  dictis 
sociis  vestris  facta  feloniam  non  tangencia  ac  recorda  et  pro¬ 
cessus  in  hac  parte  nondum  terminata  debito  fine  terminanda 
secundum  legem  et  consuetudinem  supradictas.  Et  ideo  vobis 
mandamus  quod  ad  certos  dies  et  loca  quos  vos  septem,  sex, 
quinque,  quatuor,  tres  vel  duo  vestrum  ad  hoc  prouideritis,  in¬ 
dictamenta  ac  recorda  et  processus  predicta  coram  vobis  venire 
et  inquisiciones  super  premissis  ac  processus  et  puniciones 
huiusmodi  faciatis  et  premissa  omnia  et  singula  audiatis  et  ter- 
minetis  in  forma  predicta  facturi  etc.  saluis  etc.  Mandauimus 
enim  vicecomiti  nostro  -comitatus  predicti  quod  ad  certos  etc. 
quos  etc.  ei  scire  faciatis  venire  faciat  coram  vobis  etc.  tot  etc. 
tarn  infra  libertates  quam  extra  per  quos  etc.,  et  inquiri  in 
forma  supradicta. 

In  cuius  etc.,  teste  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium,  xv  die 
March. 

Per  consilium. 

Consimiles  commissiones  habent  subscript  in  comitatibus  sub¬ 
scripts  sub  eadem  data,  videlicet : . 

Rotuli  Literarum  Patencium,  30  Edw.  Ill,  pt.  1,  m.  17  d. ;  De 
inquirendo  de  operariis,  artificibus  et  seruientibus  in  comitatu 
Derbb 

Rex  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis,  Roberto  Fraunceys  et  Thome 
Adam  de  Asshebourn,  salutem.  Sciatis  quod  assignauimus  vos 
ad  ordinacionem  et  statutum  de  operariis,  artificibus  et  seru- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  2$  * 

ientibus  in  consilio  nostro  ac  parliamento  nostro  apud  West- 
monasterium  nuper  tentis  pro  communi  vtilitate  regni  nostri 
Anglie  facta  in  omnibus  et  singulis  suis  articulis  in  comitatu 
Derb’  infra  libertates  et  extra  custodienda  et  custodiri  facienda, 
et  ad  inquirendum  de  vicecomitibus,  senescallis,  balliuis,  min- 
istris  et  aliis  quibuscumque  qui  colore  ordinacionis  et  statuti 
predictorum  huiusmodi  operarios,  artifices,  et  seruientes  cepe- 
runt  et  eos  per  fines  et  redempciones  ad  vsus  suos  proprios 
applicandos,  auctoritate  sua  propria,  condicionibus  in  dictis 
ordinacione  et  statuto  contentis  non  obseruatis,  deliberarunt,  et 
ad  omnia  et  singula  que  contra  formam  statuti  et  ordinacionis 
predictorum  in  comitatu  predicto  infra  libertates  et  extra  fuer- 
int  attemptata,  tarn  ad  sectam  nostram  quam  aliorum  quorum- 
cumque,  coram  vobis  prosequi  vel  conqueri  volencium  audienda 
et  terminanda  iuxta  vim  et  efifectum  ordinacionis  et  statuti  pre¬ 
dictorum.  Assignauimus  eciam  vos  iusticiarios  nostros  ad 
omnia  indictamenta  et  processus  huiusmodi  operarios,  artifices 
et  seruientes  tangencia  coram  iusticiariis  nostris  in  eodem  comi¬ 
tatu  vltimo  assignatis  in  hac  parte  facta  et  nondum  terminata 
audienda  et  debito  fine  terminanda.  Et  ideo  vobis  mandamus 
quod  circa  premissa  omnia  et  singula  ad  certos  dies  et  loca 
quos  vos  ad  hoc  prouideritis  intendatis  et  ea  audiatis  et  termi- 
netis  in  forma  predicta  facturi  inde  quod  ad  iusticiam  pertinet, 
secundum  vim  et  efifectum  ordinacionis  et  statuti  predictorum, 
saluis  nobis  amerciamentis  et  aliis  ad  nos  inde  spectantibus. 
Mandauimus  enim  vicecomiti  nostro  comitatus  predicti  quod 
ad  certos  etc.  quos  ei  scire  faciatis  venire  faciat  coram  vobis 
tot  etc.  tarn  infra  libertates  quam  extra  per  quos  etc.  et  inquiri. 
In  cuius  etc.,  teste  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium,  x  die  Marcii. 
Per  consilium. 

Consimiles  commissiones  habent  subscripti  in  comitatibus  et 
villis  subscriptis,  videlicet: . 

Rotuli  Literarum  Patencium,  31  Edw.  Ill,  pt.  1,  m.  20  d. ;  De 
inquirendo  de  excessibus  operariorum  et  de  abusu  mensur- 
arum  et  ponderum. 

Rex  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis  Ricardo,  comiti  Arundell,  An- 


APPENDIX 


26  * 

dree  Peverell,  Willelmo  Fifhide  et  Roberto  de  Halsham,  salu- 
tem.  Sciatis  quod  assignauimus  vos  tres  et  duos  vestrum 
iusticiarios  nostros  ad  ordinaciones  et  statuta  de  operariis,  arti- 
ficibus  et  seruientibus  in  consiliis,  ac  de  ponderibus  et  mensuris 
in  parliamentis  nostris  apud  Westmonasterium  nuper  tentis  pro 
communi  vtilitate  regni  nostri  Anglie  facta  in  omnibus  et  sin¬ 
gulis  suis  articulis  in  comitatu  Sussex’  infra  libertates  et  extra 
custodienda  et  custodiri  facienda,  et  ad  inquirendum  de  vice- 
comitibus,  senescallis,  balliuis,  ministris  et  aliis  quibuscumque, 
qui  colore  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  predictorum  huiusmodi 
operarios,  artifices  et  seruientes  ceperunt,  et  eos  per  fines  et 
redempciones  ad  vsus  suos  proprios  applicandos  auctoritate  sua 
propria,  condicionibus  in  dictis  ordinacionibus  et  statutis  con- 
tentis  non  obseruatis,  deliberarunt,  et  ad  omnia  et  singula  que 
contra  formam  statutorum  et  ordinacionum  predictarum  in 
comitatu  predicto  infra  libertates  et  extra  fuerint  attemptata, 
tarn  ad  sectam  nostram  quam  aliorum  quorumcumque  coram 
vobis  prosequi  vel  conqueri  volencium  audienda  et  terminanda 
iuxta  vim  et  efifectum  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  predictorum. 
Assignauimus  eciam  vos  tres  et  duos  vestrum  iusticiarios  nos¬ 
tros  ad  omnia  indictamenta  et  processus  huiusmodi  operarios, 
artifices  et  seruientes  tangencia  coram  iusticiariis  nostris  in 
eodem  comitatu  vltimo  assignatis  in  hac  parte  facta  et  nondum 
terminata  audienda  et  debito  fine  terminanda,  necnon  ad  in¬ 
quirendum  per  sacramentum  proborum  et  legalium  hominum 
de  comitatu  predicto  infra  libertates  et  extra  per  quos  rei  veri- 
tas  melius  sciri  poterit  de  nominibus  omnium  et  singulorum 
qui  in  abusu  mensurarum  et  ponderum  contra  formam  statu¬ 
torum  inde  editorum  deliquerint,  et  ad  dictos  delinquentes 
castigandos  et  puniendos  iuxta  formam  statutorum  eorundem, 
et  ad  omnia  et  singula  que  contra  formam  dictorum  statutorum 
de  premissis  attemptata  fuerint  in  eodem  comitatu  similiter 
audienda  et  terminanda.  Et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  quod  circa 
premissa  omnia  et  singula  ad  certos  dies  et  loca  quos  vos  tres 
et  duo  vestrum  ad  hoc  prouideritis  intendatis  et  ea  audiatis  et 
terminetis  in  forma  predicta  facturi  inde  quod  ad  iusticiam 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


27  * 

pertinet  secundum  vim  et  effectum  ordinacionum  et  statutorum 
predictorum,  saluis  etc.  Mandauimus  enim  vicecomiti  nostro 
comitatus  predicti  quod  ad  certos  etc.  quos  etc.  ei  scire  faciatis 
venire  faciat  coram  vobis  etc.  tot  etc.  tam  infra  libertates  quam 
extra  per  quos  etc.  et  inquiri,  et  quascumque  commissiones  de 
inquirendo  de  huiusmodi  operariis,  artificibus  et  seruientibus 
ac  mensuris  1  et  ponderibus  in  comitatu  predicto  aliis  ante  hec 
tempora  factas  tenore  presencium  duximus  reuocandas. 

In  cuius  etc.,  teste  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium,  quinto  die 
Februarii. 

Per  ipsum  Regem  et  consilium. 

Consimiles  commissiones  habent  subscripti  in  comitatibus  sub¬ 
scripts  sub  eadem  data,  videlicet: . 

Exactly  identical  with  the  form  of  the  above,  mntatis  mu¬ 
tandis,  is  the  commission  issued  on  10  Oct.  by  the  duke  of 
Lancaster ;  De  statuto  operariorum  conseruando  necnon  de 
statuto  mensurarum  conseruando.  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  Chan¬ 
cery  Rolls  of  the  Palatinate,  ii,  no.  24  d.2  (7th  year  of  the 
duke,  1357). 

Durham,  Cursitors’  Records,  30,  rot.,  1,  Hatfield,  ann.  5,  m. 
5  d. ;  no.  6.3 

Rotulus  Cancellarii  domini  Thome  de  Hatfield,  episcopi,  de 
anno  pontificatus  sui  quinto,  quinto,  quinto. 

Commissio  de  operariis  iuxta  proclamacionem  domini  Regis. 

Thomas  Dei  gracia  episcopus  Dunelmiensis,  dilectis  et  fideli- 
bus  suis  Thome  4  Gray,  Willelmo  de  Mordon,  vicecomiti  suo 

XMS.  mesuris.  2R.  D.  K.,  xxxii,  app.,  i. 

3  The  heading  proves  the  nature  of  this  enrollment  and  seems  to  have 
escaped  the  notice  of  Mr.  Pike  and  Mr.  Lapsley;  for  they  both  describe 
the  document  as  a  special  commission  for  the  better  execution  of  justice 
within  the  county  palatine,  issued  by  the  bishop  in  accordance  with  the 
king’s  commands.  Cf.  R.  D.  K.,  xxxi,  app.,  134,  Cal .  Curs.  Records, 
and  The  County  Palatine  of  Durham,  178. 

*  MS.  Thomas. 


APPENDIX 


28  * 

Dunelm’,  Willelmo  de  Wessyngton  et  Iohanni  de  Meneuill, 
salutem.  Cum  dominus  Rex  racione  superioris  dominii  sui 
breue  suum  quam  plurimos  continens  articulos  nobis  nuper 
mandauerit  supplicando  vt  congruum  remedium  tarn  maioribus 
quam  minoribus  infra  nostram  regiam  libertatem,  veluti  in 
regno  suo  vbique  extra  eandem  libertatem  exhibetur  super  arti- 
culis  predictis  adhibere  velimus,  Nos  dicti  domini  Regis  man- 
dato  prout  decet  obedire  et  omnibus  et  singulis  tarn  maioribus 
quam  minoribus  infra  nostram  regiam  libertatem  predictam 
fieri  volentes  quod  est  iustum,  assignauimus  vos  quatuor,  tres 
et  duos  vestrum  iusticiarios  nostros  in  warda  de  Cestria  iuxta 
discreciones  vestras  super  articulis  vniuersis  in  predicto  breui 
regio  contends  plenius  veritatem  inquirendam  1  et  ad  eosdem 
articulos  in  warda  predicta  audiendos  et  terminandos.  Et  ideo 
vobis  mandamus  quod  ad  certos  dies  et  loca  quos  vos  quatuor, 
tres  et  duo  vestrum  ad  hoc  prouideritis,  omnibus  aliis  preter- 
missis,  super  articulis  vniuersis  in  predicto  breui  regio  contends 
per  sacramentum  proborum  et  legalium  hominum  warde  pre- 
dicte  diligenter  inquiratis,  et  eisdem  articulis  audiatis  et  fine 
debito  terminetis  facturi  inde  quod  ad  iusticiam  pertinet  secun¬ 
dum  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  Anglie  et  nostre  regie  liber- 
tatis.  Saluis  nobis  amerciamentis  et  aliis  ad  nos  inde  spectan- 
tibus.  Damus  autem  vobis  quatuor,  tribus  et  duobus  vestrum 
potestatem  arrestandi,  attachiandi  et  prisone  nostre  commit- 
tendi  omnes  et  singulos  qui  coram  vobis  quatuor,  tribus  et 
duobus  vestrum  super  articulis  predictis  in  predicto  breui  regio 
contends  seu  aliquo  eorundem  conuicti  fuerint  ibidem  mora- 
turos  quousque  aliter  de  eis  duxerimus  ordinandum,  libertate 
ecclesiastica  in  omnibus  semper  salua.  Mandauimus  enim  vice- 
comiti  nostro  Dunelm’  quod  ad  certos  dies  et  loca  quos  vos 
quatuor,  tres  et  duo  vestrum  ei  scire  faciatis  coram  vobis  qua¬ 
tuor,  tribus  et  duobus  vestrum  predictum  breue  regium  seu 
eiusdem  copiam  recitari  faciat,  et  de  eisdem  articulis  coram 
vobis,  quatuor,  tribus  et  duobus  vestrum  seu  de  aliquo  eorun- 

^he  clerk  has  omitted  the  “ad”  before  the  gerundive,  a  rather  fre¬ 
quent  usage. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


29  * 

dem  conuictos  quodque  per  vos  quatuor,  tres  vel  duos  vestrum 
arrestatos  et  attachiatos  a  vobis  quatuor,  tribus  vel  duobus 
vestrum  recipiat  et  in  prisona  nostra  saluo  custodiri  faciat 
donee  aliter  duxerimus  ordinandum. 

In  cuius  rei  testimonium,  has  literas  nostras  fieri  fecimus 
patentes. 

Date  Dunelm’  per  manum  Willelmi  de  Westle  decani  Auke- 
land’  cancellarii  nostri,  xv  die  Iunii  anno  pontificatus  nostri 
quinto. 

Consimiles  commissiones  habent  predicti  Thomas  et  Willelmus 
vna  cum  aliis  sibi  associatis  in  wardis  de  Derlyngton,  Stok- 
ton,  et  Esyngton,  et  in  wapentachio  Sadberg’,  in  forma 
suprascripta,  etc. 

Duchy  of  Lancaster;  Chancery  Rolls  of  the  Palatinate;  ii,  no. 
10.  De  iusticiariis  assignandis  super  statutum  servientium. 

Dux  dilectis  et  fidelibus  Iohanni  Cokayn,  Rogero  de  Faryng- 
ton,  Iohanni  de  Haueryngton,  Ricardo  de  Radeclif,  Willelmo 
de  Radeclif,  Roberto  de  Syngleton  et  Roberto  de  Prestecote, 
salutem.  Cum  per  excellentissimum  principem  dominum  nos¬ 
trum,  dominum  Edwardum,  Regem  Anglie,  ac  prelatos,  duces, 
comites,  barones  et  alios  magnates  ad  parliamentum  ipsius 
Regis  nuper  apud  Westmonasterium  conuocatos  concessum 
fuisset  communitati  regni  Anglie  in  auxilium  decime  et  quinte- 
decime,  quas  eadem  communitas  dicto  Regi,  pro  guerre  sue 
Francie  expedicione  et  regni  predicti  defensione  pro  tribus 
annis  tunc  proxime  futuris  concesserunt,  fines,  exitus,  redemp- 
ciones,  amerciamenta  et  omnia  alia  proficua  que  fuerunt  seu 
essent  leuata  aut  recepta  de  operariis,  artificibus,  hostelariis  et 
omnibus  aliis  seruientibus,  prout  in  statuto  inde  ad  parliamen¬ 
tum  dicti  Regis  in  octabis  Purificacionis  beate  Marie  anno 
eiusdem  Regis  vicesimo  quinto  tentum  edito,  continetur,  a  festo 
Pasche  tunc  vltime  preterito  vsque  ad  vltimum  terminum  solu- 
cionis  decime  et  quintedecime  predictarum.  Necnon  concessum 
fuit  eidem  communitati  quod  si  aliquod  de  dictis  finibus,  exi- 
tibus,  redempeionibus,  amerciamentis  et  proficuis  predictis  are- 


APPENDIX 


2°* 

tro  esset  a  confeccione  eiusdem  statuti  quod  hominibus  villarum 
et  hamelettorum  dicte  communitatis  in  auxilium  decime  et 
quintedecime  ante  hec  tempora  currencium  soluisse  debuisset, 
seu  de  summis  de  quibus  eidem  Regi  non  fuit  responsum,  tunc 
eadem  communitas  haberet  id  quod  sic  aretro  esset  in  auxilium 
decime  et  quintedecime  ad  dictum  vltimum  parliamentum  con- 
cessarum;  ita  semper  quod  dictis  decima  et  quintadecima  ces- 
santibus,  huiusmodi  fines,  exitus,  redempciones,  amerciamenta 
et  omnia  alia  proficua  que  extunc  de  huiusmodi  operariis,  arti- 
ficibus  et  aliis  seruientibus  quibuscumque  essent  leuanda  ad 
opus  ipsius  Regis  leuarentur.  Et  quia  vltimus  terminus  solu- 
cionis  decime  et  quintedecime  predictarum  ad  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis  Archangeli  proxime  preteritum  extitit  pro  certo,  per 
quod  huiusmodi  fines,  exitus,  redempciones  et  amerciamenta 
ad  nos  et  non  ad  alium  iuxta  libertates  nobis  per  ipsum  domi- 
num  nostrum  Regem  ante  hec  tempora  concessas  infra  duca- 
tum  predictum  a  dicto  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  sic  proxime 
preterito  vsque  nunc  et  exnunc  de  iure  pertinere  debeant.  As- 
signauimus  vos,  sex,  quinque,  quatuor,  tres  et  duos  vestrum 
iusticiarios  nostros  ad  dictum  statutum  de  seruientibus  infra 
ducatum  predictum  custodiendum  et  custodiri  faciendum,  et  ad 
inquirendum  de  operariis  et  aliis  seruientibus  quibuscumque  et 
eorum  factis  tarn  a  dicto  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  proxime  pre¬ 
terito  quam  de  tempore  futuro  secundum  tenorem  statuti,  con- 
cessionis  et  ordinacionis  predictorum,  et  ad  audiendum  et  ter- 
minandum  omnia  quecumque  facta  fuerint  contra  statutum, 
concessionem  et  ordinacionem  supradicta,  tarn  ad  sectam  nos- 
tram  quam  aliorum  conqueri  volencium  infra  libertates  et 
extra,  et  ad  omnes  illos  quos  contra  formam  eorundem  inuen- 
eritis  in  aliquo  delinquentes  castigandos  et  puniendos  secun¬ 
dum  formam  eorundem  et  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  An- 
glie.  Et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  quod  ad  certos  dies  et  loca 
quos  vos,  sex,  quinque,  quatuor,  tres  vel  duo  vestrum  ad  hoc 
prouideritis,  inquisiciones  ac  puniciones  super  premissis  faciatis 
et  premissa  omnia  et  singula  audiatis  et  terminetis  in  forma 
predicta  prout  ad  iusticiam  pertinet.  Mandauimus  enim  vice- 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  3I  * 

comiti  nostro  ducatus  predicti  quod  ad  certos  dies  et  loca  quos 
vos,  sex,  quinque,  quatuor,  tres  vel  duo  vestrum  ei  scire  faciatis, 
venire  faciat  coram  vobis  sex,  quinque,  quatuor,  tribus  vel  duo- 
bus  vestrum  tot  et  tales  probos  et  legales  homines  de  balliua 
sua  tarn  infra  libertates  quam  extra  per  quos  rei  veritas  super 
premissis  melius  sciri  poterit  et  inquiri. 

In  cuius  etc.,  teste  Henrico  de  Walton  archidiacono  Riche- 
mund’  locum  Ducis  tenente  in  ducatu  predicto  apud  Preston, 
primo  die  Augusti.  Et  mandatum  est  vicecomiti  Lane’  quod 
eisdem  Iohanni,  Rogero,  Ricardo,  Roberto  et  Roberto  in  pre- 
missis  faciendis  intendens  sit  et  respondens,  sub  eadem  data. 
(5th  year  of  the  duke,  1355. ) 1 

Writs  of  Privy  Seal,  Chancery,  Series  I ;  File  369,  no.  23335. 

Edward  par  la  grace  de  Dieu  Roi  Dengleterre  et  de  France 
et  Seignur  Dirlande  a  lonurable  piere  en  Dieu  leuesque  de 
Wyncestre  nostre  chanceller  saluz.  Porce  que  tout  plein  des 
mals  et  errours  sont  auenuz  par  cause  des  especiales  commis¬ 
sions  que  ont  este  faites  piecea  en  diuerses  franchises  et  villes 
pur  enquere  des  exces  des  laborers  si  auons  ordene  et  volons 
qe  desore  toutes  tieles  commissions  especiales  grantees  en  qe- 
cunqes  franchises  et  villes  de  nostre  roialme  soient  repellees  et 
qe  certeines  gentz  bones  et  loialx  soient  assignez  generalment 
parmy  touz  les  countez  du  dit  roialme,  les  queux  et  nuls  autres 
facent  les  sessions  des  ditz  laborers,  si  vous  mandons  qe  repel¬ 
lees  les  dites  especiales  commissions  come  dessus  est  dit,  facent 
assigner  suffisantes  gentz  pur  meismes  les  sessions  parmy  les 
countez  dessusditz. 

Done  souz  notre  priue  seal  a  Westmonster  le  viii  jour  de 
feuerer,  lan  de  nostre  regne  dengleterre  trente  primer  et  de 
France  disoytisme.2 

Rotuli  Literarum  Clausarum,  33  Edw.  Ill,  m.  10  d; 

1 R.  D.  K.,  xxxii,  app.,  i;  the  reference  to  the  ending  of  the  subsidy 
seems  to  me  to  prove  the  date  conclusively. 

2  Cf.  the  final  clause  of  the  commission,  app.,  27. 


32 


APPENDIX 


* 

De  supersedendo  execucioni  commissionis  iusticiariorum  ad 
statutum  de  operariis  factum  faciende. 

Rex  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis  Iohanni  de  Lyouns  et  sociis  suis 
iusticiariis  ad  ordinacionem  et  statutum  de  operariis,  seruien- 
tibus  et  artificibus  ac  de  ponderibus  et  mensuris  in  comitatu 
Norht’  custodienda,  salutem.  Quibusdam  certis  de  causis  nos 
mouentibus,  vobis  mandamus  quod  execucioni  commissionis 
nostre  vobis  in  hac  parte  facte  vlterius  faciende  supersedeatis 
quousque  aliud  a  nobis  inde  habueritis  in  mandatis. 

Teste  Thoma  filio  nostro  carissimo  custode  Anglie  apud 
Wodestok,  quarto  die  Nouembris, 

Per  ipsum  custodem  et  consilium. 

Consimilia  breuia  diriguntur  singulis  iusticiariis  ad  statutum 
predictum  in  singulis  comitatibus  per  Angliam  custodiendum 
assignatis  quod  execucioni  commissionis  Regis  eis  inde  facte 
supersedeant  in  forma  predicta. 

Teste  vt  supra. 

2.  Chronological  list  of  commissions  to  enforce  the  statutes  of 
labourers  issued  during  the  years  1349-1359  and  enrolled 
among  the  letters  patent. 

In  cases  where  commissions  are  duplicated  almost  abso¬ 
lutely,  both  as  to  date  and  names  (evidently  by  a  clerical 
error),  the  second  has  been  omitted  from  the  lists  and  merely 
indicated  in  a  note;  but  although  there  are  usually  several 
districts  (in  one  instance,  nineteen)  that  receive  two  or  three 
commissions  annually,  these  repeated  districts  are  counted  over 
again.  Divisions  of  counties,  e.  g.  Holland,  etc.,  are  counted 
as  counties ;  the  palatinates  are  omitted,  removals  are  not  re¬ 
ferred  to,  and  vacated  commissions  only  in  the  notes ;  asso¬ 
ciations  are  given  merely  as  totals  for  each  regnal  year. 

For  the  first  and  second  periods  the  marginal  headings  on 
the  Patent  Rolls  are  misleading;  they  contain  no  reference  to 
the  labour  legislation,  but  are :  “  De  custodia  pads,”  or  “  De 
pace  conseruanda,”  or  “De  audiendo  et  terminando  felonias,” 
etc.  Cf.  my  article  in  E.  H.  R.,  522,  for  the  exact  phraseology. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


33 


* 


For  the  third  period,  1352-1359,  *  *  shows  that  a  commis¬ 
sion  of  the  peace  was  appointed  on  the  same  date  for  the  same 
district;  *  shows  that  a  commission  of  the  peace  was  ap¬ 
pointed  for  the  same  district  during  the  same  regnal  year ;  the 
result  of  this  comparison  appears  in  the  table  in  pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  2. 
The  references  to  the  Patent  Rolls  for  the  separate  commis¬ 
sions  for  labourers  are  usually  under  the  headings :  “  De  in- 
quirendo  de  operariis,”  or  “De  inquirendo  de  excessibus  oper- 
arioruin  ”  (the  lists  are  duplicated  in  the  Originalia  almost , 
without  variation).  Three  of  these  commissions  are  referred 
to  in  Cal.  Rot.  Pat.,  Rec.  Comm.,  167  a  and  b,  170  a;  six  of 
them  are  noted  in  Rot.  Orig.  Abbreviatio,  Rec.  Comm.,  ii,  233, 
238,  242,  246,  249  and  255. 

The  references  for  the  separate  commissions  of  the  peace 
are  as  follows,  under  the  headings  “  De  pace  conseruanda,” 
or  “De  custodia  pacis  ”  (duplicated  in  Originalia)  :  26,  pt.  3, 
m.  4  d  (Cal.,  ix,  394)  ;  27,  pt.  1,  m.  25  d  (Cal.,  ix,  449-450), 
pt.  2,  m.  26  d  (Cal.,  ix,  508)  ;  28,  pt.  1,  m.  21  d,  pt.  2,  m.  14  d; 
29,  pt.  1,  m.  29  d;  30,  pt.  1,  ms.  20,  19  and  16  d;  31,  pt.  I, 
ms.  17  and  11  d;  32,  pt.  1,  m.  31  d;  33,  pt.  1,  m.  18  d,  pt.  2, 
m.  12  d,  pt.  3,  m.  4  d  (Rymer,  iii,  pt.  1,  463-464). 

Period  i.  Separate  commissions  for  labourers,  except  when 

indicated. 

23,  pt.  3>  m.  8  d.  6  Dec.  University  and  city  of  Ox¬ 

ford.1 

(Joint  commissions  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers.) 

24,  pt.  1,  m.  23  d.2  20  Feb.  Bedford,  Bucks.,  Camb., 

Holland  and  Kesteven 
(Line.),  Hunts.,  Leices¬ 
ter,  Norfolk. 

1  Cal.,  viii,  458;  assigned  by  an  error  to  m.  9  d.  A  commission  to 
the  mayor  and  sheriffs  of  London,  8  Dec.  of  the  same  year,  is  enrolled 
in  Letter  Book  F;  Cal.,  199. 

2  Bucks,  is  given  twice;  there  is  also  an  unfinished  commission  with 
no  county  noted.  In  Cal.,  viii,  526,  the  summary  of  the  form  of  this 
commission  fails  to  include  the  clause  in  regard  to  the  ordinance  of 
labourers;  moreover  Dorset  is  printed  for  Bedford. 


APPENDIX 


34* 

24,  pt.  3,  m.  13  d.1  20  Oct.  Lancaster. 

24,  pt.  3,  m.  10  d.2  1 2  Nov.  Lindsey  (Line.). 

18  Nov.  Suffolk. 

Period  ii.  Joint  commissions  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers* 

25  Edw.  III. 

pt.  I,  ms.  15  and  14.  15  March.3  Bedford,  Berks.,  Bucks., 
Camb.,  Cumberland,  Derby,  Devon,  Dorset,  Essex, 
Gloucester,  Hereford,  Herts.,  Hunts.,  Kent,  Leicester, 
Holland,  Kesteven  and  Lindsey  (Line.),  Midd.,  Nor¬ 
folk,  Northants.,  Northumberland,  Notts.,  Oxford,  Rut¬ 
land,  Shropshire,  Somerset,  Southampton,  Stafford,4 
Suffolk,  Surrey,  Sussex,  Warwick,  Westmoreland, 
Wilts.,  Worcester,  E.  R.,  N.  R.  and  W.  R.5 6  (York), 
town  of  Stamford. 

pt.  1,  m.  19  d.  27  March.  City  of  Lincoln.® 

pt.  3,  m.  19  d.  3  Nov.  City  of  York.7 

27  associations;  pt.  1,  m.  13  d.8 

26  Edw.  III. 

pt.  1,  m.  28  d.9  8  Feb.  Newcastle-on -Tyne, 

m.  15  d.10  15  Feb.  Kingston-on-Hull. 

m.  21  d.11  20  Feb.  Scarborough,  Lib.  of  Hoi- 

derness. 


1  Cal.,  ix,  26. 

2 Ibid.,  27-28;  printed  in  full,  although  with  slight  mistakes,  by 
Rymer,  iii,  pt.  1,  210-21 1. 

3  Cal.,  ix,  85-91;  cf.  app.,  B,  1,  for  form  of  the  commission. 

*  Repeated  on  6  Dec.  with  almost  the  same  names. 

5  Repeated  on  20  May  with  almost  the  same  names  but  a  slightly  dif¬ 
ferent  form  of  commission. 

6  Cal. ,  ix,  83;  the  summary  fails  to  include  the  clause  as  to  the  statutes 
of  labourers. 

7  Ibid .,  201. 

9  Ibid. ,  274-275. 


8 Ibid.,  91-92. 

10 Ibid.,  281.  11  Ibid.,  278. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


35* 


pt.  1,  m.  9  d.1 

20  April. 

Warwick,  Worcester. 

15  May. 

Shropshire. 

pt.  2,  m.  20  d.2 

25  June. 

Beverley. 

pt.  1,  m.  9  d.3 

2  July. 

Worcester. 

15  July. 

Cornwall. 

5  associations: 

26,  pt.  1,  m. 

8  d.4 

1 

Period  iii. 

Separate  commissions  for  labourers. 

Edw.  III. 

pt.  3,  m.  7  d.5 

1 7  Dec. 

Bucks. 

m.  4  d.° 

1  Jan. 

*  Berks.,  *  Oxford. 

m.  1  d.7 

1  Jan. 

*  *  Carlisle. 

3  counties,  1  town. 

Edw.  III. 

pt.  1,  m.  24  d.8 

12  Feb. 

*  Worcester,  *  *  Kingston- 
on-Hull,  *  *  Stamford. 

4  May. 

*  Kesteven  (Line.). 

27  May. 

Wilts. 

3  June. 

*  *  Essex. 

20  June. 

*  *  Retford-in-the-Clay. 

3  July. 

*  W.  R.  (York). 

20  July. 

*  *  Devon. 

pt.  2,  m.  25  d.° 

3  Aug. 

*  *  Gloucester,  *  *  Worces¬ 
ter.10 

25  Aug. 

*  *  Beverley. 

26  Oct. 

*  Lindsey  (Line.),  West¬ 
moreland. 

3  Nov. 

*  *  Camb. 

8  Nov. 

Essex. 

1  Cal,,  ix,  284-285;  the  summary  fails  to  include  the  clause  as  to  the 
statutes  of  labourers. 

2 Ibid.,  332.  3 Ibid.,  284-285. 

*Ibid.,  285.  *Ibid.,  392.  6 Ibid.,  394. 

7 Ibid .,  395.  *Ibzd.,  451.  9 Ibid.,  508-509. 

10  Essex  also,  but  vacated. 


36* 


APPENDIX 


22  Nov.  Bedford,  Norfolk. 

26  Nov.  *  Northants. 

1  Dec.  *  *  Hunts. 

15  Jan.  *  *  Grimsby. 

20  Jan.  Holland  (Line.). 

9  associations:  2  on  25,  pt.  1,  m.  13  d;  1  on  26,  pt.  1,  m. 

8  d;  2  on  27,  pt.  1,  m.  23  d;  4  on  27,  pt.  2,  m.  25  d.1 

17  counties,  5  towns ;  Worcester  and  Essex  twice. 

28  Edw.  III. 


pt.  1,  m.  22  d.  10  Feb. 
and 

pt.  2,  m.  13  d. 

18  Feb. 

28  Feb. 

20  March. 
26  April. 

8  May. 

14  May. 
18  May. 
20  June. 

26  June. 
28  June. 

1  July. 

2  July. 


Wap.  of  Claro,  Ewcros,  Sky- 
rack,  and  Staincliffe, 
(York),  *  Lib.  of  Rich¬ 
mond. 

*  *  Leicester. 

*  *  Coventry. 

Town  &  Lib.  of  Ripon. 

Northants. 

Holland,  Lindsey  and  *  Kes- 
teven  (Line.),  *  Somerset. 

Suffolk. 

*  *  Warwick,  *  *  Worcester. 

Shropshire,  *  Surrey,  *  * 

Sussex,  Lib.  of  abbot  of 
Peterborough. 

*  Norfolk. 

*  *  Coventry. 

Worcester. 

Bucks.,  *  *  Derby,  Essex, 
*  *  Leicester,  *  *  Holland 
(Line.),  *  *  Notts.,  *  * 
Oxford,  *  *  Rutland,  *  * 
Southampton,  *  *  Wilts., 


'Cal.,  ix,  92,  285,  452,  509. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


3  J«iy- 
26  Sept. 
3  Oct. 
20  Oct. 
8  Nov. 

26  Nov. 
16  Dec. 
20  Jan. 


37* 

*  *  Wap.1  of  Herthill  and 
Hovedenshire,  *  *  Wap.  of 
Dickering,  Bucrose,  Ouse 
and  Derwent  (York,  E. 
R .),  *  *  Wap.  of  Allerton, 
Birdforth  and  Richmond, 

*  *  Wap.  of  Bulmer  and 
Rydale,  *  *  Wap.  of  Cleve¬ 
land  and  Pickering  (York, 
N.  R.),  *  *  Wap.  of  Ain- 
sty,  Barkston  and  Claro 
(York,  W.  R.),  *  Lib.  of 
Holderness. 

*  Lindsey  (Line.).2 

*  *  Kent.3 

*  *  Scarborough. 

*  *  Leicester. 

Lib.  of  dean  and  chapter  of 
St.  Peter  of  York. 

*  *  Northants. 

*  *  Cornwall. 

*  *  Bedford,  *  Dorset,  *  * 
town  of  Huntingdon. 


10  associations:  7  on  pt.  1,  m.  22  d;  2  on  pt.  2,  m.  13  d, 
and  1  on  pt.  3,  m.  15  d. 

31  counties,  4  towns,  5  liberties,  7  groups  of  wapentakes. 
Leicester  and  Northants.  three  times;  Holland  and 
Lindsey  (Line.),  Worcester  and  Coventry  twice. 


29  Edw.  III. 

pt.  1,  m.  28  d.  26  Jan.  *  *  Notts. 


1 1  have  counted  the  following  six  groups  of  wapentakes  as  correspond¬ 
ing  to  the  peace  commission  of  the  same  date  for  Yorkshire. 

2  On  25  July  there  was  also  a  commission  for  Northants.,  but  it  was 
vacated. 

3  Repeated  with  almost  the  same  names. 


pt.  2,  m.  8  d. 


APPENDIX 


14  Feb. 

Scarborough. 

1  March. 

Lib.  of  Holderness. 

21  March. 

Herts. 

26  April. 

Northants. 

15  May. 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and 
Claro  (York,  W.  R.). 

16  May. 

*  Stafford. 

20  June. 

*  *  Town  of  Huntingdon, 
Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary 
of  York. 

4  July. 

Scarborough. 

12  July. 

*  *  Rutland. 

20  July. 

*  *  Lynn. 

i  Aug. 

Leicester,  Northants.,  Notts., 
Oxford,  Warwick  (except 
Coventry). 

28  Aug. 

Essex. 

1  Oct. 

Midd. 

2  Oct. 

Hereford. 

16  Oct. 

Boston. 

20  Oct. 

*  Bedford,  *  Kent. 

2  Nov. 

*  Stafford. 

30  Nov. 

Cumberland,  Herts.,  *  Nor¬ 
folk  (except  Lynn). 

1  Dec. 

Lindsey  (Line.). 

3  Dec. 

Worcester. 

10  Dec. 

*  *  Cornwall. 

20  Dec.1 

Bedford  (n.  d.),  Berks,  (n. 

d.),  Bucks,  (n.  d.),  Camb., 
Cumberland,  Cornwall,  Der¬ 
by,  Devon,  Dorset,  Essex, 
*  Gloucester,  *  Hereford, 
Herts.,  Kent  (n.  d.),  *  Hol- 


*The  counties  marked  “  n.  d.”  are  undated  but  follow  immediately 
after  those  those  of  20  Dec.,  and  in  the  Originalia  duplicates  are  all 
thus  dated. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


39 


* 


land,  Kesteven,  Lindsey 
(Line.),  Midd.,  Norfolk 
(except  Lynn),  *  North- 
ants.,  Notts.,  Oxford  (n. 
d.),  Rutland,  Shropshire,  * 
Somerset,  Southampton  (n. 
d.),  Stafford,  *  Suffolk, 
Surrey,  Warwick,  *  West¬ 
moreland,  Wilts,  (n.  d.), 
Worcester,  E.  R.,  N.  R., 
W.  R.  (York).1 

pt.  3,  m.  4  d.  12  Jan.  Lib.  of  abbot  of  Reading. 

pt.  2,  m.  8  d.  17  Jan.  Westmoreland. 


7  associations. 

59  counties,  5  towns,  3  liberties,  1  group  of  wapentakes, 
Herts.,  Northants.,  Notts,  and  Stafford  three  times. 

Bedf.,  Cornwall,  Cumberland,  Essex,  Hereford,  Kent, 
Lindsey,  Midd.,  Norfolk,  Oxford,  Rutland,  Warwick. 
Westmoreland,  Worcester,  Scarborough,  twice. 


Edw.  III. 

pt.  1,  m.  17  d.  10  March. 

1 2  March. 
15  March. 
20  March. 


26  March. 


1  April. 

1  Northumberland 


*  *  Derby. 

Sussex. 

Boston. 

Manors,  etc.,  of  Cheshunt  and 
Bassingbourn  of  earl  of 
Richmond,  borough  of  Wy¬ 
combe. 

*  *  Northants.,  Honours  of 
Wallingford,  etc.,  and  hun¬ 
dreds,  towns,  etc.,  in  vari¬ 
ous  counties,  of  duke  of 
Cornwall. 

*  Worcester. 

w  A  I 

it  not  acted  upon. 


' 


40 


APPENDIX 


6  April. 
15  April. 
28  April. 

1  May. 

8  May. 
20  May. 

25  May. 

27  May. 

28  May. 
30  May. 

8  June. 

8  July. 

pt.  3,  m.  17  d.  10  July. 


pt.  1,  m.  17  d.  12  July. 

15  July. 
20  July. 

26  July. 

11  Sept. 

16  Sept. 

•  j- 

18  Sept. 

12  Oct. 

16  Oct. 


20  Oct. 


City  of  Lincoln. 

*  Notts. 

Lib.  of  Ripon  of  archbishop  of 
York. 

Lib.  of  Leominster  of  abbot  of 
Reading. 

Lib.  of  prior  of  Bustlesham. 

Prince  of  Wales’  manor  of 
Kir  ton. 

Town  of  Nottingham. 

*  Newark. 

*  *  Shrewsbury. 

Southwell. 

Lib.  of  King’s  free  chapel  of 
Windsor. 

Manors,  etc.,  of  duke  of  Lan¬ 
caster  in  Lincolnshire. 

Lib.  of  Queen  Isabel  in  towns 
of  Cambridge  and  Chester¬ 
ton. 

*  Derby,  N.  R.  (York). 

Southwell. 

Lib.  of  Hospital  of  St.  Leon¬ 
ard  of  York. 

Queen  Philippa’s  Lib.  of 
Knaresborough. 

Manors,  etc.,  of  church  of  St. 
Paul  in  various  counties. 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canter¬ 
bury  in  Kent. 

*  Shrewsbury. 

Bishop  of  Durham’s  Lib.  of 
Howden. 

*  *  Southampton,  Lib.  of  duke 
of  Lancaster  in  W.  R.. 
(York). 

*  Somerset. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


41 


* 


27  Oct. 

pt.  3,  m.  22  d. 

28  Oct. 

pt.  3,  m.  17  d. 

30  Oct. 

8  Nov. 

15  Nov. 

16  Nov. 

20  Nov. 

11  Dec. 

Lib.  of  St.  Mary’s  church  of 
Lincoln. 

Lib.  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in 
various  counties. 

Lib.  of  Pickering  and  wap. 
of  Rydale  (York,  N.  R), 
Scarborough. 

Warwick. 

Prince  of  Wales’  manor  of 
Kirton. 

*  *  Town  of  Leicester. 

City  of  Exeter. 

*  Derby. 


21  associations. 

11  counties,  12  towns,  18  liberties,  1  group  of  wapentakes. 
Derby  three  times;  Shrewsbury  and  Southwell  twice. 


Edw.  III. 

pt.  1,  m.  20  d.  5  Feb.  Bedford,  Berks.,  Bucks., 

Camb.,  Cumberland,  Derby, 
*  Devon,  Dorset,  Essex, 
Gloucester,  *  Hereford, 
Herts.,  Hunts.,  Isle  of 
Wight,  *  Kent,  Leicester, 
Holland,  Kesteven  and 
Lindsey  (Line.),  Midd.,  * 
Norfolk,  Northants.,  North¬ 
umberland,  *  Notts.,1  Ox¬ 
ford,  Rutland,  Shropshire,  * 
Somerset,  *  Southampton, 
Stafford,  Suffolk,  Surrey, 
Sussex,  Warwick,  West¬ 
moreland,  Wilts.,  Worces¬ 
ter,  E.  R.,  N.  R.  and  W.  R. 
(York). 


1  Repeated  with  slight  variations  in  the  names. 


42 


APPENDIX 


* 


32 


33 


pt.  1,  m.  19  d.  1 2  March. 

Town  of  Oxford. 

pt.  1,  m.  20  d.  1  Aug. 

London. 

26  Nov. 

N.  R.  (York). 

5  associations;  pt.  1,  m.  20  d. 

41  counties,  2  towns. 

N.  R.  (York),  twice. 

Edw.  III. 

pt.  1,  m.  34  d.  26  Jan. 

*  Somerset. 

16  Feb. 

*  Leicester. 

20  Feb. 

*  Cornwall. 

16  May. 

Herts. 

18  June. 

W.  R.  (York). 

14  July. 

Lib.  of  bishop  of  Ely. 

16  July. 

W.  R.  (York). 

20  Oct. 

Lib.  of  Cinque  Ports.1 

20  Nov. 

E.  R.  (York). 

28  Nov. 

*  Northants. 

1  Dec. 

Town  of  Oxford. 

15  Dec. 

*  Worcester. 

10  associations. 

9  counties,  2  towns,  1  liberty. 

W.  R.  (York),  twice. 

Edw.  III. 

pt.  1,  m.  27  d.  6  March. 

*  Essex. 

26  March. 

*  Holland  (Line.). 

4  May. 

*  Bucks. 

18  May. 

*  Dorset. 

28  May. 

*  Oxford,  *  W.  R.  (York) 

4  Aug. 

*  Berks. 

10  Aug. 

*  Herts. 

12  Sept. 

*  N.  R.  (York). 

pt.  3,  m.  21  d.  6  Oct. 

Town  of  Oxford. 

9  counties,  1  town. 

5  associations;  pt.  1,  m.  27  d. 

99  associations  for  the  decade. 


1  Included  under  towns  but  counted  as  one. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


43* 

3.  List  of  the  6yi  justices  responsible  for  the  enforcement  of 
the  statutes  during  the  decade. 

The  difference  in  number  between  671  and  664  as  given  in 
my  article  in  E.  H.  R .,  527,  is  due  to  the  addition  to  the  list 
of  the  names  from  two  cancelled  commissions  and  also  of  a 
name  from  a  source  other  than  the  Patent  Rolls,  and  to  the 
decision  in  two  instances  that  the  same  name  belonged  to 
more  than  one  man.  The  total  number  is  really  somewhat 
greater  than  even  this  present  list:  the  mayor  of  Oxford  and 
also  the  mayor  and  sheriffs  of  London  had  on  several  occa¬ 
sions  received  commissions,  although  these  officials  are  not  in¬ 
cluded  here.  Further,  the  lists  for  the  first  uncertain  period 
are  by  no  means  complete;  e.  g.  Mauny  and  Thorpe  both  had 
colleagues  whose  names  I  have  not  yet  discovered. 

Unless  otherwise  specified,  the  manuscript  references  are  to 
the  Patent  Rolls,  the  first  number  in  each  case  meaning  the 
regnal  year.  The  list  of  justices  whose  names  are  derived 
from  other  sources  are  given  in  pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  2.  In  some 
cases  the  date  of  an  appointment  is  not  recorded  on  the  Patent 
Rolls  but  is  supplied  from  the  Originalia  duplicate  enrollment. 

The  names  given  are  of  justices  appointed  on  a  separate 
commission  for  labourers,  except  when  the  name  is  preceded 
by  the  letters  L.  and  P. ;  these  show  that  the  appointment  was 
for  a  joint  commission  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers.  J  shows 
that  a  justice  of  labourers  was  during  the  years  1352-1359  ap¬ 
pointed  on  a  separate  commission  of  the  peace ;  f  shows  that 
at  some  time  during  his  career  a  given  justice  of  labourers 
served  as  judge  in  one  of  the  upper  courts.  Removals  and 
associations  are  indicated.  A  bracket  around  “de”  or  “le,” 
etc.,  indicates  that  the  word  sometimes,  but  not  invariably, 
occurs  with  the  name. 


APPENDIX 


44* 

J  Adam,  Thomas,  of  Asshebourn 
Derby 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  10  March;  ibid.,  12  July. 
{ibid.,  8  Aug.  “dominus  Rex  ...  a  commis- 
sione  ilia  duxit  amouendum.”  H.  de  la  Pole 
assoc,  in  his  place.) 

{  Alanby,  Thomas  de 
Carlisle 

26  pt.  3,  m  1  d ;  1  Jan. 

J  Albert,  Alberd,  Richard 

Hunts,  (except  the  town  of  Huntingdon) 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  15  Oct.  (assoc.) 

Hunts. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Aldestowe.  See  Oldestowe. 

Aleyn,  John,  of  Wonford 
Exeter 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d ;  20  Nov. 

Alkebarowe,  Alkebarwe,  John  de,  clerk  (parson  of  the  church 
of  Sibseye) 

Lindsey  (Line) 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  12  Jan.  (assoc.). 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May;  ibid.,  3  July. 

Manors,  etc.,  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  Lincolnshire 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  July. 

J  Allerstan,  John  de 

Lib.  of  Pickering  and  wap.  of  Rydale,  N.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d ;  30  Oct. 

J  Alveton,  John  de 
Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March 
Honours,  towns,  etc.,  of  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall  in  vari¬ 
ous  counties. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  26  March. 

Angus,  Earl  of.  See  Umframvill. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


45* 

Apethorp,  William  de 
Stamford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Apoldrefeld,  William  de 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  Kent 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Sept. 

Ardale,  Adam  de 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  16  May  (assoc.). 

$  Arserugge,  Assherugge,  Thomas  de 
Kent 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Sept,  (repeated). 

%  Artureth,  William  de 
Carlisle 

26  pt.  3,  m  1  d;  1  Jan. 

Arundel,  Earl  of.  See  Fitz  Alan. 

J  Ask,  Richard  de 

Bishop  of  Durham’s  Lib.  of  Howden 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  Oct. 

J  Aspale,  John  de,  (knight) 

Suffolk  • 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  18  Nov. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  14  May. 

Assh,  Robert  de 
Northants. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  20  Feb.  (in  place  of  William  Broun) 
Void. 

J  Asshewell,  Assewell,  Eustace  de 
Stamford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

J  Asteleye,  Thomas  de 
Leicester 

*  1 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 


APPENDIX 


46  * 

{  Aston,  Hugh  de 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  May  (assoc.). 
Northampton 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  20  May  (assoc.;  apparently 
an  error  in  the  list  of  names  to  which  this  name  is 
added). 

Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  May. 

Stafford 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  16  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  2  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

Warwick 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

Worcester 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  3  Aug. 

Coventry 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  28  Feb.;  ibid.,  28  June. 

Shrewsbury 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  May;  ibid.,  18  Sept. 

|  Aston,  Roger  de 

Stafford 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  16  May. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

J  Aton,  William  de 

Wap.  of  Cleveland  and  Pickering,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d ;  2  July. 

Scarborough 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  4  July. 

Lib.  of  Pickering  and  Wap.  of  Rydale,  N.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

$  Ayrmynne,  William  de 
Kesteven  (Line.) 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d ;  4  May. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  47  * 

Baa,  Thomas  de 
Norfolk 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  11  July  (assoc.). 

Bacon,  Robert 

Suffolk 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Bampton,  John  de 
Essex 

27  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  8  July  (assoc.). 

$  Banastre,  William,  (of  Hadenhale) 

Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d ;  15  May. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Shrewsbury 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  May;  ibid.,  18  Sept. 

J  Bardolff,  Bardolf,  John,  (of  Wyrmegeye) 

Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

Barentyn,  Thomas 
Oxford 

1  - 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d ;  5  Feb. 

Barton,  Henry  de,  clerk 

Lib.  of  Ripon  of  archbishop  of  York 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  April. 

Barton,  John  de 
Scarborough 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  14  Feb. 

J  Barton,  Roger  de 

Scarborough 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d ;  3  Oct. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  14  Feb. 

{  Basset,  Simon 

Gloucester 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  3  Feb.  (29th  year;  assoc.). 


APPENDIX 


48* 

f  J  Basset,  William 
Cumberland 
L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 
Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

N  or  thumber  land 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 
Westmoreland 
ditto 

York,  E.  R. 
ditto 

York,  N.  R. 
ditto 

York,  W.  R. 

ditto  (repeated,  20  May) 

Beverley 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  2,  m  20  d;  25  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  25  Aug. 
Kingston-on-Hull 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  Feb. 
Scarborough 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 
City  of  York 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  3,  m  19  d;  3  Nov. 

Bathelay,  Batheleye,  William  de 
Southwell 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  15  July. 

Nottingham 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d ;  5  Feb. 

Bayard,  William 
Boston 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  16  Oct. 

Beauchaump,  John  de,  of  Somerset 
Somerset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


49 


* 


Beauchaump,  Roger  de 
Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

J  Beauchaump,  Bello  Campo,  Thomas  de,  earl  of  Warwick 
Warwick 


L.  &  P. 
L.  &  P. 
Worcester 
L.  &  P. 
L.  &  P. 

J  Beauchaump, 
Worcester 


25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April;  ibid.,  2  July. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

Bello  Campo,  William  de 


L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d ;  20  April  (de  Campo  merely). 
(Granted  a  general  patent  of  exemption  on  account 
of  age;  26  pt.  2,  m  21 ;  13  June.  Exonerated  from 
service  in  Worcester,  “  certis  de  causis  coram  con- 
silio;”  Claus.  26  m.  15  ;  28  Aug.). 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

4  Beek,  Henry  de 

Derby 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  16  Dec.  (assoc.). 

Beek,  James  atte 
Lindsey  (Line) 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  12  Nov. 

Beek,  Nicholas  de  • 

Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Bekwell,  Henry  de 

Surrey  ••  •  ' 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

J;  Belesby,  William  de 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  3  July. 


APPENDIX 


Belewe,  Belowe,  John 
Southwell 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  30  May;  ibid.,  15  July, 
f  Belknappe,  Robert  de 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  Battle  in  Surrey 

Assize  Rolls,  Surrey,  907 ;  spring  of  25  Edw.  Ill ;  app. 
C,  1. 

Belkthorp,  William  de 
York,  E.  R. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d ;  20  Nov. 

Bello  Campo.  See  Beauchaump. 

J  Benteleye,  Bentele,  John  de 
York,  E.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

(His  place  is  taken  by  Illard  de  Usfeld;  26  pt.  1 
m  8  d ;  6  May.) 

Beverley 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  2,  m  20  d;  25  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  25  Aug. 

Bishop  of  Durham’s  Lib.  of  Howden. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  Oct. 

Kingston-on-Hull 

26  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  Feb. 

Scarborough 

26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

Berdeseye,  William 

Cumberland 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Bere,  Richard  de  la 

Hereford  * 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Berewe,  Bergh,  Walter  atte 
Wilts. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  24  Jan.  (assoc.). 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d ;  5  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  51  * 

%  Berewyk,  Berwyk,  Gilbert  de 
Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  27  May. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

Berewyk,  Berewik,  Berwyk,  Hugh  de 
Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March  (repeated:  20  May). 
Bergh,  Martin  de 

Manors  and  towns  of  Cheshunt  and  Bassingbourn  of  the 
earl  of  Richmond. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  March. 

Bergh.  See  Berewe. 

Berkele,  Thomas  de 
Gloucester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

%  Berkele,  Thomas  de,  of  Coberle 
Gloucester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  3  Aug. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Berland,  John  de 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  6  May  (assoc.). 

J  Bernard,  Gilbert 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  3  Nov. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Lib.  of  bishop  of  Ely 

32  pt.  i,  m  34  d;  14  July. 


APPENDIX 


52  * 

Bernard,  Richard,  the  elder 

Lib.  of  Pickering  and  Rydale,  N.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

$  Berneye,  John  de 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Nov. 

(“quibusdam  .  .  .  certis  de  causis  commissiones 
.  .  .  duximus  revocandas  ”  (includes  W.  de  Wych- 
yngham)  ;  Claus.  28  m.  29;  1  Feb.). 

(Except  Lynn) 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  30  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

Norfolk 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Berton,  John  de,  the  elder 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  Kent 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Sept. 

%  Beseby,  Robert  de 

Grimsby 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  15  Jan. 

$  Beverleye,  John  de 
Beverley 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  25  Aug. 

Bifeld,  Thomas  de 

Northants. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  Feb.  (assoc.), 
t  Birton,  Richard  de 

T  7 

Berks. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Cornwall 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  July. 

Devon 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Dorset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 


* 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


53 


Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Somerset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Southampton 

ditto  < 

Surrey- 
ditto 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

J  Biteryng,  William  de 
Lynn 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  July. 

Blake,  John 

Herts. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  21  March. 

Blankeneye,  John  de 

Manors,  etc.,  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  Essex,  Kent,  Midd. 
and  Sussex. 

30  pt.  3,  m  22  d;  28  Oct. 

Blaykeston,  Blaikeston,  Roger  de 
Cumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Westmoreland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

York,  E.  R. 
ditto 

York,  N.  R. 
ditto 

Kingston-on-Hull 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  Feb. 
Newcastle-on-Tyne 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  8  Feb. 

Scarborough 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 


APPENDIX 


54 


* 


Blenkansopp,  Thomas 
Westmoreland 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Blundell,  Richard 
Northants. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Blyton,  William  de 
City  of  Lincoln 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  19  d;  27  March. 

Bockyng,  Ralph  de 
Suffolk 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  18  Nov. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  24  June  (assoc.). 

|  Bohun,  John  de 
Sussex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

Bolle,  Ranulf 

Holland  (Line.) 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  26  March. 

J  Botetourt,  Butetourt,  Buttetourt,  John 
Warwick 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  Sept,  (assoc.). 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May. 

Worcester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  Sept,  (assoc.). 

(“certis  de  causis  coram  consilio  ”  ...  he  is 
appointed  to  Warwick;  therefore  “exonerandus” 
from  service  in  Worcester;  Claus.  26  m.  19,  15 
April.) 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  2  July. 

(Again  “exonerandus”  from  service  in  Wor¬ 
cester  by  a  writ  very  similar  to  the  above ; 
Claus.  26  m.  15;  28  Aug.) 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  3  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1  April. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


55 


* 


Botheby,  John  de,  (clerk) 

Lib.  of  Holderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  1  March. 

J  Botiller,  Thomas  le 
Gloucester 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Worcester 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

%  Boure,  Hugh  de  la 
Westmoreland 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Oct. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d,  20  Dec.;  ibid.,  17  Jan. 

Bowode,  Robert  de 

Stafford 

30  pt.  i,  m  17  d,  28  May  (assoc.)  ;  ibid.,  26  Oct.  (in 
place  of  Roger  de  Hillary,  who  has  died). 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

|  Bozoun,  Bozon,  John 

Notts. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  Jan. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  15  April. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  10  Nov.  (in  place  of  Thomas  de 
Neumarche). 

|  Bracy,  Robert 
Worcester 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  15  Dec. 

Bradenham,  Leonet  de 

Essex 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d,  28  Aug. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

J  Bradeston,  Thomas  de 
Gloucester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  3  Aug. 

Braibrok.  See  Braybrok. 


APPENDIX 


56* 

J  Brankescombe,  Brauncecombe,  Braunkescombe,  Braunkes- 
coumbe,  Richard  (de) 

Devon 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  i,  m  24  d;  20  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Brauncescombe,  Walter  de 
Devon 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  9  Feb.  (with  R.  de  Chiselden  in 
place  of  Thomas  de  Crou thorn  and  William  de 
Luscote). 

J  Braunche,  Robert 
Lynn 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  July. 

%  Bray,  Braye,  John  (de) 

Kent 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Middlesex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Oct. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Bray,  William 

Lindsey  (Line.) 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Dec. 

J  Braybrok,  Brabrok,  Braibrok,  Gerard  de 
Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d ;  15  March. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

J  Braylesford,  Henry  de 
Derby 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  57  * 

Brewes,  Thomas  de 
Surrey 

County  Placita,  no.  8;  spring  of  24  Edw.  Ill;  app., 
C,  2. 

%  Brian,  Bryan,  Bryene,  Guy  de 
Berks. 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  1  Jan. 

Gloucester 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  3  Aug. 

Oxford 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  3  May  (with  G.  Chasteleyn 
in  place  of  J.  de  Grey  and  J.  Golafre). 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  1  Jan. 

Worcester 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  3  Aug. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  1  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1  April. 

Brigeham,  John  de 

Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Broun,  William 
Northants. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  April. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

(because  he  cannot  attend  to  his  office,  Robert 
Assh  is  appointed  in  his  place;  32  pt.  1,  m  34  d; 
20  Feb.  Void.) 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  Peterborough 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

X  Brugge,  Brugges,  Roger  de 
Worcester 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May;  ibid.,  1  July. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1  April. 

Bruggeford,  John  de 

Town  of  Nottingham 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  25  May. 


APPENDIX 


58* 

Bruyn,  John  (de),  (le) 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb.  (repeated). 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

Warwick 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

Bruys,  Robert 

Lib.  of  Pickering  and  wap.  of  Rydale,  N.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

Buketot,  Philip  (de) 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb.  (repeated). 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

J  Bures,  Andrew  de 
Suffolk 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  18  Nov. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  14  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec.  (his  place  is  taken 
by  M.  de  Bures  and  T.  Morieux;  30  pt. 
1,  m  17  d;  13  Oct.). 

%  Bures,  Michael  de 
Suffolk 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  13  Oct.  (with  T.  Morieux  in  place 
of  A.  de  Bures). 

Brughbrigg,  John,  son  of  Nicholas  de 

Lib.  of  Knaresborough  of  Queen  Philippa 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  26  July. 

Burnel,  Nicholas 
Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  May. 

J  Burton,  William  (de),  (of  Burton) 

Rutland 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  12  July. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


59* 

York,  E.  R. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  May  (assoc.). 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  8  Feb.  (in  place  of  Robert  de  Hal- 
denby). 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  6  April  (assoc.). 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  6  March  (30th  year;  assoc.). 
Burwell,  John  de 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  Claus.  25  m.  16;  12  July  (writ  for  wages). 
$  Bussy,  John,  of  Lavyngton 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  4  May. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Bustiler,  Robert 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Butetourt,  Buttetourt.  See  Botetourt. 

Byngham,  William  de 
Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  12  Feb.  (27th  year; 
assoc.). 

Byntre,  Walter  de 
Suffolk 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  14  May. 

Carbonel,  William 
Suffolk 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  18  Nov. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Careles,  William 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

(Referred  to)  Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no. 
19  d;  3  May,  6  duke  Henry  (in  assoc,  of  R.  de 
Singleton). 


APPENDIX 


6o  * 


$  Carrue,  Nicholas  de 
Surrey 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 
}  Cary,  Thomas 
Dorset 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 
J  Catesby,  William  de 
Warwick 


L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  June  (assoc. 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May. 

%  Causton,  Robert  de,  (knight) 

Norfolk 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

Lib.  of  bishop  of  Ely 

32  pt.  I,  m  34  d;  14  July, 
f  J  Cavendissh,  John  de 
Essex 


L.  &  P. 

Suffolk 
L.  &  P. 


25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  June. 


25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  14  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Caynton,  William  de 
Shropshire 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 


Cecill,  William,  of  Howden 

Bishop  of  Durham’s  Lib.  of  Howden 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  Oct. 

J  Chabham,  Thomas  de 
Essex 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  June. 

J  Charnels,  John 

Leicester 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  6l  * 

Charnels,  Nicholas 
Warwick 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  8  Nov. 
t  Chasteleyn,  Gilbert 
Oxford 

L  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  3  May  (assoc,  with  Guy 
Brian  in  place  of  J.  de  Grey  and  J.  Golafre). 
Southampton 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Oct. 

Warwick 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

Worcester 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  2  July. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  1 2  Feb. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May;  ibid.,  1  July. 

Lib.  of  Holderness 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  1  March. 

{  Chastilleyn,  Hugh 

Bucks. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  4  May. 

Chastilloun,  John 
Bucks. 

L.  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

J  Chaumont,  Chaumon,  John  (de),  (knight) 

York,  W.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  26  Oct.  (assoc.). 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  16  July. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  28  May. 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and  Claro,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July  {ibid.,  20  Jan.;  his  place  is 
taken  by  John  de  Shirburn,  “quibusdam  certis  de 
causis  ”). 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  15  May. 

Lib.  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  W.  R. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Oct. 


APPENDIX 


62  * 

Chaundos,  Roger 
Hereford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

%  Chaworth,  Thomas  de,  the  elder 
Leicester 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  Feb. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug. 

}  Chelereye,  Edmund 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  Reading 

29  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  12  Jan. 

Cherleton,  John  de 

Shropshire 

28  pt,  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

J  Chesterton,  Robert  de 

Lib.  of  Queen  Isabel  in  towns  of  Cambridge  and  Chesterton 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  10  July. 

Chestre,  John  de 

Stamford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Cheyny,  Edmund  de 
Somerset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
t  Cheyny,  John 
Cambridge 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 
t  Chiltenham,  William  de 

Gloucester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  3  Aug. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Hereford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


63* 


Stafford 

ditto 

Worcester 

ditto 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

J  Chilterne,  John.de 
Herts. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  16  May. 

$  Chiselden,  Richard  de 

Devon 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  9  Feb.  (with  W.  de,  Braunkescombe 
in  place  of  T.  de  Crouthorn  and  W.  de  Luscote). 

Chorley,  William  de,  clerk 
Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  38  d;  26  April, 
9  duke  Henry. 

Cirgeaux,  Richard  (le  piere) 

Cornwall 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d,  10  Dec. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  20  Feb. 

J  Claymond,  Cleymond,  John 
Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d,  3  March  (assoc.)  ;  ibid.,  8 
May;  ibid.,  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

J  Clere,  Robert 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Nov. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

(Except  Lynn) 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  30  Nov. 


APPENDIX 


64  * 

(Except  Lynn) 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

J  Clerk,  Andrew 
Grimsby 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  15  Jan. 

Clotherum,  Clotherom,  John  de 

Town  and  Lib.  of  Ripon  of  archbishop  of  York 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  March 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  April. 

Clynton,  Ivo  de 
Kent 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  April  (assoc.). 
Clynton,  William  de,  earl  of  Huntingdon 
Kent 

L.  &  P.  25  pt. 
t  Clyvedon,  Edmund  de 
Somerset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt. 

28  pt. 

30  pt. 

31  Ph 

32  pt. 

Cobham,  John  de 
Kent 

L.  &  P.  25  pt. 

J  Codyngton,  John  de 
Leicester 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Coggeshale,  John  de 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
Cokayn,  John 
Derby 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

1,  m  17  d;  20  Oct. 

1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

1,  m  34  d ;  26  Jan. 

1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  65  * 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  10;  1  Aug.,  5 
duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  24  d;  10  Oct.,  7  duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  38  d;  26  April,  9  duke  Henry. 

J  Cokeseye,  Cogeseye,  Hugh  de 
Worcester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April;  ibid.,  2  July. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  3  Aug. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May;  ibid.,  1  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  3  Dec. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

Colbrok,  William  de 
Middlesex 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  12  April  (with  J.  de  Tamworth  in 
place  of  R.  atte  Watre  and  J.  de  Munden). 

%  Colby,  John  de 
Norfolk 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

(Except  Lynn)  j 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  30  Nov. 

Cohere,  Richard 

Town  of  Nottingham 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  25  May. 

|  Colvill,  John 
Norfolk 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb.  (“  certis  de  causis  ”  .  .  .  his 
place  is  taken  by  R.  de  Eccles;  32  pt.  1,  m  34  d; 
4  July). 

t  Colvill,  Robert  de 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Kesteven  (Line.)  : 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  4  May. 


66  *  APPENDIX 

J  Colvill,  Coluyll,  William  de 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

Colyngburn,  Roger  de 

Prior  of  Bustleham’s  Lib.  at  Bustleham  and  elsewhere  in 
Berks. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  May. 

%  Conestable,  Marmaduke 

York,  E.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Conyngesby,  John  de 
Warwick 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Cotyngham,  John  de 

Lib.  of  St.  Peter  of  York 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  8  Nov. 

X  Cou deshale,  John  de 

Lynn 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  July. 

Coupeland,  John  de 

Westmoreland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Courtenay,  Hugh  de,  earl  of  Devon 
Devon 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Cradelegh,  Adam  de 
Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13d;  8 April  (27th  year;  assoc.). 
Cranesle,  John  de 
Northants. 

L.  &  P.  Claus.  25  m  16;  12  July  (writ  for  wages). 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


* 


%  Croft,  Hugh  de 
Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  1  Dec.  (At  his  death  his 
place  is  taken  by  R.  de  Elyngton;  28  pt. 
3,  m  15  d;  12  Nov.) 

X  Crouthorn,  Thomas  (de) 

Devon 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

[Because  he  is  infirm,  his  place  and  that  of  W. 
de  Luscote  (for  other  reasons)  are  taken  by  W. 
de  Braunkescombe  and  R.  de  Chiselden ;  33  pt.  1, 
m  27  d ;  9  Feb.] 

Croyser,  William 
Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 


Croxford,  John  de 
Oxford 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  28  May. 

Cubeldik,  Roger  de 
Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


X  Daber,  Roger 
Sussex 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

X  Dabernoun,  John 
Cornwall 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  July. 
Devon 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 
27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  20  July. 

Exeter 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  20  Nov. 


68  *  APPENDIX 

Dalderby,  Robert  de,  of  Lincoln 
City  of  Lincoln 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  6  April. 

J  Dale,  William  de 
Southampton 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Oct. 

{  Daneys,  Dauneys,  Roland 
Rutland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  12  July. 

J  Daumarle,  William 

Devon 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  20  July. 

Dayncourt.  See  Deyncourt. 

Dayvill,  Adam  de,  of  Laxton 

Bishop  of  Durham’s  Lib.  of  Howden 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  Oct. 

Dayvill.  See  Deyvill. 

$  Debenham,  Depenham,  Gilbert  de 
Suffolk 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  18  Nov. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March  (“quibusdam 
.  .  certis  de  causis  .  .  commissiones  .  .  .  duximus 
revocandas;”  Claus.  28  m.  29;  1  Feb.). 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

f  J  Delves,  John 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  May. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


69* 

Dene,  William  atte,  of  Wycombe 
Wycombe 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  March. 

{  Dengayn,  Dengeyne,  John 
Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  1  Dec. 

Dersham,  William  de  (iuxta  Donewych) 

Suffolk 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  14  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  16  Feb.  (30th  year;  assoc.). 
(Repeated)  30  pt.  1,  m  19  d;  16  Feb. 

Derwentewater,  John  de 
Westmoreland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Deschalers,  Thomas 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Devon,  earl  of.  See  Courtenay. 

{  Deyncourt,  Dayncourt,  William 
Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug. 

J  Deyvill,  Dayvill,  de  Eyvill,  John,  (of  Tokwyth) 

York,  W.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  26  Oct.  (assoc.). 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  16  July. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  28  May. 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and  Claro,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  15  May. 

Disny,  William 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 


APPENDIX 


7  o 


* 


\ 


Ditton,  Benedict  de 
Essex 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Jan.  (with  Goldyngham  in  place 
of  Tyrel). 

Doily,  Thomas 
Bucks. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

J  Drewe,  Geoffrey 
Lynn 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  July. 

Duxfeld,  Gilbert 

Jr 

N  ewcastle-on-Tyne 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  8  Feb.  '  ■ 

Dyk,  Reginald  de 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  Kent 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Sept. 

Dynelay,  John  de 

Lib.  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  York,  W.  R. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Oct. 

J  Eccles,  Reginald  de 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  Nov.  (assoc.). 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Nov. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  July  (assoc.). 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  4  July  (in  place  of  John 
Colvill). 

$  Eleford,  Elleford,  Robert  de 
Cornwall 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  July. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  16  Dec. 

Exeter 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  20  Nov. 

J  Eleford,  Elford,  Elleford,  Thomas  (de) 

Oxford 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  2  Dec.  (in  place  of  John  de  Laundels). 
(Repeated:  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig.) 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  yi  * 

Manors  and  towns  of  Duchy  of  Cornwall  in  various  coun¬ 
ties 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  26  March. 

Elkyngton,  Robert  de 
Holland  (Line.) 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

Lindsey  (Line.) 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Dec. 

Manors,  etc.,  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  Lincolnshire 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  July. 

|  Ellesfeld,  Gilbert  de 
Herts. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  21  March. 

J  Elstede,  Elsted,  Robert  de 
Sussex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

Elyngton,  Roger  de 
Hunts. 

28  pt.  3,  m  15  d;  12  Nov.  (in  place  of  Hugh  de  Croh 
who  is  dead). 

4  Elys,  John,  (of  Thame) 

Bucks. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  4  May. 

Oxford 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m8d;i  Aug.  (repeated:  no  date.  20  Dec. 
Orig.) 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d ;  5  Feb. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  28  May. 

|  Estbury,  John  de 
Southampton 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Oct. 


APPENDIX 


72  * 

%  Estfeld,  William  de,  (of  Tykhull) 

York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 

X  Estham,  Richard  de 
Worcester 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1  April. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  20  Nov.  (assoc.). 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  15  Dec. 

X  Eston,  John  de 

Northants. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  8  Nov.  (assoc.). 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  26  March. 

X  Eston,  Roger  de 

Wap.  of  Claro,  Ewcross,  Skyrack  and  Staincliffe,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

County  of  Richmond 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

X  Everard,  John 
Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  28  May  (assoc.). 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Everyngham,  Adam  de,  of  Rokeleye 

York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March  (repeated:  20 
May.) 

Eyvill,  de.  See  Deyvill. 

Fairfax,  William 
York,  W.  R. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  3  Nov.  (assoc.). 

Faryngton,  Roger  de 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  10;  1  Aug.,  5 
duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  24  d ;  10  Oct.,  7  duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  38  d ;  26  April,  9  duke  Henry. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  73  * 

%  Faucomberge,  Fauconberge,  John  de 
Lib.  of  Holderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

J  Felton,  William  de 

N  orthumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec.  Void, 
f  $  Fencotes,  Thomas  de 

Cumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Northumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Westmoreland 

ditto 

York,  E.  R. 
ditto 

York,  N.  R. 

ditto 

Beverley 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  2,  m  20  d;  25  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  25  Aug. 

County  of  Richmond 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

Fenton,  John  de,  the  younger 
Town  and  Lib.  of  Ripon 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  March. 

Fenton,  William  de,  (master) 

York,  W.  R. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 

Wap.  of  Claro,  Ewcross,  Skyrack  and  Staincliffe,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and  Claro,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July 
Town  and  Lib.  of  Ripon 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  March. 


APPENDIX 


7  4 


* 


Fenwyk,  John  de 
Northumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Ferers,  Ferrers,  Ralph  de 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  27  Oct.  (assoc.). 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

J  Feriby,  John  de 
Beverley 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  25  Aug. 

Lib.  of  St.  Peter  of  York 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  8  Nov. 

Ferumbaud,  Thomas 

Bucks. 


L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  27  Nov.  (assoc.). 
J  Fifhide,  Fifide,  William  (de) 

Southampton 


L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 


Sussex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  March. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d ;  -  5  Feb. 

%  Fillilod,  William  de 

Lib.  of  Iiolderness 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  June  (assoc.), 
t  Fitz  Alan,  Richard,  earl  of  Arundel 
Shropshire 


L.  &  P. 
L.  &  P. 
Sussex 

L.  &  P. 


25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  May. 

25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  March. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  75  * 

$  Fitz  James,  Thomas 
Somerset 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  Oct. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d ;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  26  Jan. 

Fitz  Payn,  Robert 

Dorset 

(Referred  to)  L.  &  P.,  24  Edw.  Ill,  Mem.  L.  T.  R., 
31,  Hill.,  Recorda,  rot.  9. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Fitz  Symond,  Hugh 
Herts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Fitz  Waryn,  William 
Berks. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Flemmyng,  Alan 
Newark 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  27  May. 

Foljambe,  Godfrey 

Derby 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

%  Folvill,  Folevill,  John  de 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

(For  reference  to  his  removal,  see  Pakeman.) 

28  pt.  1,  m.  22  d;  18  Feb. 

Forster,  Reginald 
Surrey 

County  Placita,  no.  8,  spring  of  24  Edw.  Ill ;  app., 
C,  2. 

J  Foucher,  John 
Derby 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Newark 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  27  May. 


APPENDIX 


76 


Fraunceys,  Adam 
London 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  1  Aug. 

J  Fraunceys,  Robert 
Derby 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  10  March;  ibid.,  12  July. 
J  Frebern,  Richard 

Coventry 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d,  28  Feb.;  ibid.,  28  June. 
Frenyngham,  Ralph  de,  (knight) 

Kent 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  Kent 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Sept. 

Frere,  John,  of  Doncaster 

York,  N.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Fresel,  Thomas 

Bucks. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  4  May. 

Freysel,  Froysel,  Richard 
Suffolk 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  18  Nov. 

25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 


L.  &  P. 

Frivill,  John  de 
Cambridge 
L.  &  P. 

$  Frome,  William  de 
Hereford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d,  2  Oct. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 
31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

J  Frost,  Thomas,  (of  Beverley) 

Beverley 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  2,  m  20  d ;  25  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  25  Aug. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


77* 

$  Frowyk,  Thomas  de 
Middlesex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Frylond,  John 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  Reading 

29  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  12  Jan. 

$  Fulthorp,  John  de 

York,  N.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb.;  ibid.,  26  Nov. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  12  Sept. 

•j*  J  Fyncheden,  William  de,  (the  younger) 

Notts. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  3  June  (assoc.). 

York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March  (repeated:  20 
May.) 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and  Claro,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  15  May. 

Wap.  of  Claro,  Ewcross,  Skyrack  and  Staincliffe,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

Retford-in-the-Clay 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  20  June. 

Lib.  of  duke  of  Lancaster,  in  York,  W.  R. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Oct. 

{  Gaddesby,  Richard  de 

Leicester 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  16  Feb. 

%  Gaunt,  John  (de) 

Lindsey  (Line.) 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  3  July. 

City  of  Lincoln 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  6  April. 

Manors,  etc.,  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  Lincolnshire 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  July. 


APPENDIX 


78* 

Gervays,  Thomas 
Wycombe 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  March. 

Manors  and  towns  of  Duchy  of  Cornwall  in  various 
counties. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  26  March. 

Prior  of  Bustlesham’s  Lib.  of  Bustlesham  and  elsewhere 
in  Berks. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  May. 

Giffard,  John  (le  Boef) 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  in  23  d;  20  Feb.  (repeated). 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Gillyng,  Richard  de 

Lib.  of  St.  Peter  of  York 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  8  Nov. 

Gist,  John 
Exeter 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  20  Nov. 

Godhestre,  Godester,  Godestre,  Roger  (de) 

Kent 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Sept. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Oct. 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  Kent 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Sept. 

Manors,  etc.,  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  Kent,  Essex,  Sus¬ 
sex  and  Midd. 

30  pt.  3,  m  22  d;  28  Oct. 

Golafre,  John 
Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

(“Nos  certis  de  causis  coram  consilio  .  .  .  ab 
officio  .  .  duximus  exonerandum  .  .  26  pt.  1,  m 

8  d ;  3  May.  J.  de  Grey  likewise ;  their  places 
taken  by  G.  de  Brian  and  G.  Chasteleyn.) 

J  Goldsmyth,  William 
Town  of  Leicester 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  16  Nov. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


pr |n.  • 

Goldyng,  John,  of  Beverley 
Beverley 


* 


L.  &  P.  26  pt.  2,  m  20  d;  25  June. 

Goldyngham,  John  de,  (knight) 

Essex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Jan.  (with  Ditton  in 
place  of  Tyrel). 

Gosenargh,  Thomas  de 
Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  in  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Gosynton,  William 

Lib.  of  Leominster  of  abbot  of  Reading 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1  May. 

%  Gour,  John 
Hereford 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  8  March  (assoc.). 

Lib.  of  Leominster  of  abbot  of  Reading 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1  May. 

J  Gower,  Nicholas 
York,  N.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  July. 

Wap.  of  Allerton,  Birdforth  and  Richmond,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Bulmer  and  Rydale,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Cleveland  and  Pickering,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

j  Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

;  (Referred  to)  28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  12  Oct.  (in  assoc,  of 

•  T.  de  Metham). 

Scarborough 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  4  July. 


APPENDIX 


8o* 

%  Grandissono,  Otto  de 
Kent 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  in  13  d;  26  Sept,  (repeated). 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Oct.  (repeated:  no  date. 
20  Dec.  Orig.) 

Grandissono,  Peter  de 
Hereford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Grave,  John  de  la 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Gray,  Thomas 

Palatinate  of  Durham ;  wards  of  Chester,  Darlington, 
Stockton  and  Easington,  and  wapentake  of  Sadberg. 
Cursitors’  Records,  30,  rot.  1,  Hatfield,  m.  5  d,  no.  6; 
15  June,  5th  year. 

•j-  J  Grene,  Henry  (de) 

Essex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Herts. 

ditto 

Kent 

ditto 

Northants. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Nov. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  April. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Nov. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  April. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Aug. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  26  March. 

Surrey 

L.  &  P. 

Sussex 
ditto 


25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


81  * 


Lib.  of  abbot  of  Peterborough 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

Grey,  John  de,  of  Codenore 
Derby 


L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Grey,  John  de,  of  Rotherfield 
Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

(“Nos  certis  de  causis  coram  consilio  .  .  ab 
officio  duximus  exonerandum  .  .  .  26  pt.  1,  m 

8  d;  3  May.  J.  Golafre  likewise.  Their  places 
taken  by  G.  de  Brian  and  G.  Chasteleyn.) 

|  Grey,  Ralph  de 
Berks. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  1  Jan. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  4  Aug. 

J  Grey,  Gray,  Greye,  Richard  (de),  of  Landford 
Derby 


L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  15  July  (assoc.). 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  15  July  (assoc.). 
Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  18  July  (assoc.). 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d  ;  18  July  (assoc.). 
Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Aug. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  15  April. 


82* 


APPENDIX 


York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P,  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  18  July  (assoc.). 
Retford-in-the-Clay 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  20  June. 

Grey,  Greye,  Roger  de 
Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March, 

j  Grey,  William  de,  of  Sandyacre 
Derby 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  11  Dec. 

Grete,  Groete,  Groot,  Peter  (de) 

Worcester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April;  ibid.,  2  July. 

Grove,  John  atte 
Essex 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  8  Nov. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  28  Aug. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

t  Grymmesby,  Peter  de 
Lib.  of  Holderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d ;  20  April  (27th  year ;  assoc. 
29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  1  March. 

York,  E.  R. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  20  Nov. 

Gyenne,  Robert 
Somerset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  2  May  (assoc.). 

$  Hadresham,  John  de 
Surrey 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  Battle 

Assize  Roll,  907,  Surrey;  27  Edw.  Ill;  app.  C,  1. 
Hagh,  John  de 

Holland  (Line.) 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  7  July  (30th  year;  assoc.). 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


83* 


Haket,  Thomas 
Isle  of  Wight 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Haldenby,  Robert  de 
York,  E.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

(“Certis  de  causis  coram  nobis  et  consilio  nos¬ 
tro  propositis  ....,”  his  place  is  taken  by  W. 
de  Burton;  32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  8  Feb.) 

%  Hale,  John  de  la,  knight 
Dorset 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  18  May. 

Halsale,  Oto  de 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  38  d;  26  April, 
9  duke  Henry. 

Halsham,  Robert  de 
Sussex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1 2  March. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

|  Hamby,  Geoffrey  de 

Kingston-on-Hull 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  Feb. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

{  Hamden,  Hammeden,  John  de 
Bucks. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Hardy,  William 

Hospital  of  St.  Leonard  of  York 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  July. 

{  Harewedon,  Haroughdon,  Harwedon,  John  de 
Hunts. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  3  Nov.  (in  place  of  John  de  Sty- 
uecle,  who  has  died). 


84  *  APPENDIX 

Northants. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Nov. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  April. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Nov. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  April. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Oct.  (assoc.). 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  Peterborough 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

Harewedon,  William  de 
Northants. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  28  Nov. 

Haryngton,  Haveryngton,  John  de,  (Luncle) 

Cumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  10;  1  Aug.,  5 
duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  24  d;  10  Oct.,  7  duke  Henry. 
Haryngton,  Roger  de 
Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Hatton,  William  de 
Herts. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  21  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  30  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d ;  16  May. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  10  Aug. 

Middlesex 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Oct. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


85* 


$  Hauberk,  Lawrence 
Leicester 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  Feb.;  ibid.,  2  July. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug. 

Haydok,  Gilbert  de 

Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Heppescotes,  William  de 
N  orthumberland 

9 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Her  dewy  k,  John  de 
Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Herlaston,  Roger  de 

Lib.  of  Queen  Isabel  in  towns  of  Cambridge  &  Chesterton 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  10  July 
$  Herle,  Robert  de 

Leicester 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Hevenyngham,  John  de 
Essex 


L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  6  May  (assoc.), 
f  J  Hillary,  Roger 
Gloucester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Hereford 

ditto 

Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March  (non). 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  May. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  16  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  2  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 


APPENDIX 


86* 


(By  26  Oct.,  30th  year,  he  has  died,  and  his 
place  is  taken  by  R.  de  Bowode;  30  pt.  1,  m 

1 7  d.) 

Worcester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April;  ibid.,  2  July. 

J  Hilton,  Robert  de 
Lib.  of  Plolderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  20  May  (in  place  of  J.  de 
Sutton). 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Hoghton,  Adam  de 
Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Hoke,  John 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  Kent 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Sept. 

J  Holand,  Robert  de 
Northants. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  25  July. 

(Vacat  quia  restitute  sunt.) 

Homptone,  Thomas  de 

Lib.  of  Leominster  of  abbot  of  Reading 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1  May. 

Hopton,  Adam  de 
York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

|  Hopton,  Walter  de 
Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  May.  ,  ■ 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

%  Hopwell,  Roger  de 

Town  of  Nottingham 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  25  May. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


8  7 


* 


J  Horwode,  Horewod,  Horewode,  William  de,  of  Cambridge, 
(mayor) 

Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  3  Nov.  (assoc.). 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  15  Dec.  (assoc.). 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  May  (assoc.). 

Hoton,  Richard  de 
Cumberland 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d,  30  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Houel,  John 
Essex 

Assize  Roll,  267;  for  24  Edw.  Ill;  app.,  D,  1. 

House,  John  atte 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  6  May  (assoc.). 

Hubert,  Thomas 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  6  May  (assoc.). 

(“Quibusdam  .  .  certis  de  causis  coram  cou- 
silio  nostro  propositis,  te  ab  officio  illo  duximus 
amovendum  .  .  .  .”  Claus.  26  m.  2;  10  Jan.) 
Huddeswell,  William  de 
York,  N.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  26  Nov. 

X  Hugon,  Huguyn,  John 
Somerset 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

X  Humbercolt,  Thomas 

Beverley 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  2,  m  20  d ;  25  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  25  Aug. 

Hungerford,  Walter  de 
Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  28  May  (assoc.). 


88  *  APPENDIX 

Hungerford,  Thomas  de 
Wilts. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  27  May. 

J  Hunt,  Hunte,  Theobald  le 

Rutland 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  12  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Huntingdon,  earl  of.  See  Clynton. 

J  Huse,  Husee,  Roger 
Surrey 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

f  Husee,  James 
Somerset 

L.  &  P.  Claus.  25  m.  16;  12  July  (writ  for  wages). 

L.  &  P.  Claus.  26  m.  16;  1  May  (writ  for  wages). 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  26  Jan. 

J  Hynton,  Osbert  de 

Town  of  Huntingdon 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 

•j-  |  Ingelby,  Thomas  de 

York,  N.  R. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  July. 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and  Claro,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  15  May. 

Wap.  of  Claro,  Ewcross,  Skyrack  and  Staincliffe,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 

J  Inkepenn,  Inkepenne,  John 

Southampton 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


89 


Isle,  John  del,  of  Kent 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

James,  John 

Cinque  Ports 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  20  Oct. 

Kegworth,  Keggeworth,  Robert  de 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  27  Oct.  (assoc.). 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  16  Feb. 

J  Kegworth,  Keggeworth,  Simon  (de) 

Kent 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Sept,  (repeated). 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Oct. 

Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  27  Oct.  (assoc.). 
Kelby,  Walter  de,  of  Lincoln 
City  of  Lincoln 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  19  d;  27  March. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  6  April, 
i  t  Kelleshull,  Richard  de 
Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb.  (repeated). 
L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  3  Nov. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


APPENDIX 


90 


24  pt.  1,  m  23  d; 

25  pt.  1,  m  14  d; 

25  pt.  1,  m  14  d; 


Norfolk 
L.  &  P. 

L.  &  P. 

Suffolk 
L.  &  P. 

J  Kendale,  Edward  de 
Herts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  i,  m  15  d ; 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d ; 
Kerdeston,  William  de 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d; 
J  Kerseye,  Kereseye,  Henry  (de) 
Berks. 

33  pt.  i,  m  27  d;  4  Aug. 
Lib.  of  abbot  of  Reading 

29  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  12  Jan. 
Kirketon,  John  de 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d; 
J  Knyghton,  John  de 
Northants. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Nov. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d  ;  26  April, 
t  t  Knyvet,  John 

Northants. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d ; 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d; 
Lib.  of  abbot  of  Peterborough 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 
Knyvet,  Richard 
Rutland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d; 
Stamford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d ; 
Langeford,  Nicholas  de 
Derby 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d; 


20  Feb. 

15  March. 

15  March. 

15  March. 

21  March. 

20  Feb. 


10  July  (assoc. 


15  March. 
26  Nov. 

15  March. 
15  March. 

15  March. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


91 


* 


|  Langele,  Langeleye,  Thomas  de 
Kent 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  1  Jan. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug.  (repeated:  no  date. 
20  Dec.  Orig.) 

31  pt.  i,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  28  May. 

Langele,  William  de 
Kent 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Langeton,  Thomas  de 
Bedford 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  6  July  (assoc.). 

Lanum,  John  de 

Notts. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb.  (repeated). 

Southwell 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  30  May;  ibid.,  15  July. 

Lascels,  John 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 

f 

J  Lasyngcroft,  Laysyngcroft,  John  de 
York,  N.  R. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  12  Sept. 

York,  W.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  26  Oct.  (assoc.). 

Lib.  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  York,  W.  R. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1 6  Oct. 

Lathum,  Thomas  de 
Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 


APPENDIX 


Launde,  Thomas  de  la 
Holland  (Line.) 

33  pt.  i,  m  27  d;  18  Feb.  (assoc,  with  R.  de  Meres 
in  place  of  W.  de  Surflet). 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  26  March. 

|  Laundels,  Laundeles,  John  (de) 

Berks. 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  1  Jan. 

Oxford 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  1  Jan. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug. 

(Made  sheriff  of  Oxford  and  Berks.;  there¬ 
fore  his  place  is  taken  by  T.  de  Eleford;  ibid., 
2  Dec.) 

Cinque  Ports 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  20  Oct. 

Laurence,  William 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Referred  to  for  years  26,  27  and  28;  Lay  Subs., 
130/21,  Lancaster.  App.  D,  4. 

J  Lavenham,  William  de 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  3  Nov. 

Essex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  May  (assoc.). 

J  Lee,  John  atte 
Herts. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  21  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  30  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

J  Lee,  John  de  (de  la,  du) 

Stafford 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  16  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  2  Nov. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


93 


* 


Warwick 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

Worcester 

(Referred  to)  L.  &  P.,  Claus.  26  m.  19;  15  April. 

J  Leek,  Lek,  Lawrence  de 
Holland  (Line.) 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  20  Jan. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May;  ibid.,  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Leek,  Matthew  de 
Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Legburn,  William  de 

Lib.  of  St.  Mary’s  church  of  Lincoln 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  27  Oct. 

Legh,  Leghe,  Robert  de 

Palatinate  of  Chester 

Eyre  Roll,  13;  Indictment  Roll,  19;  Indictment  Roll, 
4;  for  years  26,  27,  30,  31,  32  and  33.  App.  C,  1. 
Lellay,  Thomas 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 

J  Leukenore,  John  de 

Oxford 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

J  Leycester,  Richard  de 
Northants. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d ;  25  July.  (Vacat  quia  restitute  sunt.) 
Ligon.  See  Lygon. 

Lilborn,  Roger  de 
York,  W.  R. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  28  May. 

•j*  J  Lodelowe,  Thomas  de 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  Kent 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Sept. 


APPENDIX 


94* 

$  Longevill,  George 
Northants. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d ;  25  July.  (Vacat  quia  restitute  sunt.) 
Louthe,  Roger  de 

Herts. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  16  May. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  10  Aug. 

J  Loveday,  John 

Berks. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d;  1  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Lovel,  John 
Middlesex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Lovel,  Richard 
Somerset 

L.  &  P.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  26,  Hill.,  Recorda,  rot.  4; 
per  Orig.  an.  25.  (He  has  died  and  the  exchequer 
is  trying  to  secure  his  estreats.) 

J  Lovelaunce,  Levelaunce,  Thomas 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Oct. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May;  ibid.,  3  July. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Lovell,  Thomas 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 

Lovet,  John 

Kesteven  (Line.) 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Lowet,  Thomas 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


95* 

Loxleye,  Henry  de 
Surrey 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  27  Nov.  (assoc.). 

%  Lucy,  Geoffrey  de 
Bedford 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Nov. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

Bucks. 

26  pt.  3,  m  7  d;  17  Dec. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

Lucy,  Thomas  (de) 

Cumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

$  Luffenham,  Robert  de 
Rutland 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d ;  5  Feb. 

Luscote,  William  de 
Devon 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

(When  he  is  made  steward  of  various  lord- 
ships,  his  place,  and  that  of  T.  de  Crouthorn  for 
other  reasons,  are  taken  by  R.  de  Chiselden  and 
W.  de  Braunkescombe ;  33  pt.  1,  m  27  d ;  9  Feb.) 

Lutteleton,  Thomas  de 
Worcester 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  1  July. 

Lye,  Lyee,  Richard  de 
Gloucester 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  3  Feb.  (29th  year;  assoc.). 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb.  (At  his  death  his  place  is 
taken  by  J.  Serjant;  ibid.,  12  Feb.) 


APPENDIX 


96  * 

|  Lygon,  Ligon,  Lygoun,  John 
Essex 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  3  Aug.  (Vacat  quia  aliter  inferius.) 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  8  Nov. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

31  pt.  i,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

$  Lyouns,  John  de 
Northants. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Nov. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  April. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Nov. 

29  pt.  1,  rii  28  d;  26  April. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Aug. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  26  March. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  28  Nov. 

J  Lysens,  John 
Notts. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  Jan. 

Lyverpull,  William  de 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  24  d;  10  Oct., 
7  duke  Henry. 

|  Malyns,  Edmund  de 
Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d ;  1  Jan. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

Makenad,  William 
Kent 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

Malesors,  Thomas 
Leicester 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  16  Feb. 

Manny.  See  Mauny. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  97  * 

Mare,  Geoffrey  de  la 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Rutland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Mareschal,  Marchal,  Marescall,  John  (le),  (of  Wotton) 
Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Nov. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Oct.  (repeated:  no  date. 
20  Dec.  Orig.). 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Martel,  Hugh,  of  Chilwell 
Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March, 
t  Martyn,  Robert 
Dorset 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Mauny,  Walter  de 
Herts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Northants. 

(Referred  to)  L.  &  P.,  Orig.  24  m.  33,  12  June. 
Maynwaryng,  Maynwaring,  William  de 
Palatinate  of  Chester 

Indictment  Roll,  19;  for  years  27,  30  and  31.  App. 
C,  1. 

Meaux,  John  de 

Wap.  of  Bucrose,  Derwent,  Dickering  and  Ouse,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Meaux,  Meux,  Thomas  de 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 


98* 


APPENDIX 


Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d ;  1  May  (assoc.). 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d ;  4  May. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

Mel  burn,  Henry  de 

Lib.  of  St.  Peter  of  York 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  8  Nov. 

Menevill,  John  de 

Palatinate  of  Durham ;  wards  of  Chester,  Darlington, 
Stockton  and  Easington,  and  wapentake  of  Sad- 
berg. 

Cursitors’  Records,  30,  rot.  1,  Hatfield,  m  5  d,  no.  6; 
15  June,  5th  year. 

J  Menill,  Menyl,  Hugh  de 
Derby 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  July. 

-j*  J  Mere,  Meers,  Meres,  Roger  de,  (of  Kirketon) 

Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  20  Jan. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d ;  8  May;  ibid.,  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d ;  18  Feb. 

(assoc,  with  T.  de  la  Launde  in  place 
of  W.  de  Surflet.) 

Boston 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  16  Oct. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  15  March. 

Merke,  Ralph  atte 

Manors,  etc.,  of  St.  Paul’s  church  in  Essex,  Herts.,  and 
Midd. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  11  Sept. 

Merkford,  Robert  de 
Town  of  Leicester 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  16  Nov. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


99* 

J  Meryngton,  John  de 

Warwick,  except  Coventry 
29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug. 

Warwick 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  8  Nov. 

Coventry 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  28  Feb.;  ibid.,  28  June. 

Meryngton,  Merynton,  William  de 
City  of  York 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  3,  m  19  d ;  3  Nov. 

Lib.  of  Ripon  of  archbishop  of  York 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  April. 

Lib.  of  St.  Peter  of  York 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  8  Nov. 

Lib.  of  Hospital  of  St.  Leonard  of  York 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  July. 

$  Metham,  Thomas  de 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  York,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  12  Oct.  (assoc.). 

J  Michel,  Nicholas 
Coventry 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  28  Feb.;  ibid.,  28  June. 

{  Michel,  Michiel,  Roger  (de),  (of  Breideston) 

Derby 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  11  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

(Having  been  made  sheriff  of  Derby, 
his  place  is  taken  by  H.  de  Beek.  Ibid., 
16  Dec.) 

(Referred  to)  33  pt.  1,  m  27  d,  12  July,  in  assoc,  of 
W.  de  Steynton. 

Middelham,  Robert  de 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 


100 


APPENDIX 


* 

$  Middelneye,  Middelnye,  Ralph  de 
Somerset 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  Oct. 

J  Middelton,  John  de 

York,  E.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Middelton,  William  de,  clerk 

Dorset 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  28  July  (assoc.). 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  12  Aug.  (assoc.). 

Mikelfeld,  Hamo  de 
Suffolk 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  16  Feb.  (30th  year;  assoc.). 
(Repeated)  30  pt.  1,  m  19  d. 

J  Mirfeld,  William  de 
York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March  (repeated:  20 
May). 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 

Molyns,  John  de 
Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb.  (repeated). 
Montfort,  Monte  Forti,  Peter  de 
Warwick 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

Except  Coventry 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug. 

Warwick 

Ibid.,  20  Dec. 

$  Monyton,  Hugh  de 
Hereford 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  2  Oct. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


IOI 


* 


Mordon,  William  de,  sheriff 

Palatinate  of  Durham ;  wards  of  Chester,  Darlington, 
Stockton  and  Easington,  and  wapentake  of  Sad- 
berg. 

Cursitors’  Records,  30,  rot.  1,  Hatfield,  m  5  d,  no.  6; 
15  June,  5th  year. 

Morice,  Moryce,  John 
Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

J  Morieux,  Thomas 
Suffolk 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  13  Oct.  (with  M.  de  Bures  in  place 
of  A.  de  Bures). 

|  Moritz,  Stephen,  the  younger 

Lib.  of  Queen  Isabel  in  towns  of  Cambridge  and  Ches¬ 
terton 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  10  July. 

Moritz,  Moricz,  Thomas 

Essex 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

London 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  1  Aug. 

J  Morle,  Robert  de 

Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

Mortimer.  See  Mortuo  Mari  and  Mortymer. 

Mortuo  Mari,  Constantine  de,  le  fitz 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Mortymer,  Roger  de 
Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Moryn,  John  de 

Wap.  of  Cleveland  and  Pickering,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 


102  * 


APPENDIX 


•j-  |  Motelowe,  Henry,  de 
Shrewsbury 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  18  Sept, 
f  J  Moubray,  John  (de) 

Derby 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Leicester 

ditto 

Holland  (Line.) 
ditto 

Lindsey  (Line.) 
ditto 

Northants. 

ditto 

Notts. 

Ibid.,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Rutland 

Ibid.,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Warwick 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d ;  20  April. 

York,  N.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  July. 

Wap.  of  Allerton,  Birdforth  and  Richmond,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Bulmer  and  Rydale,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Cleveland  and  Pickering,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Bucrose,  Derwent,  Dickering  and  Ouse,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

County  of  Richmond 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  103  * 

Lib.  of  Holderness 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Lib.  of  St.  Peter  of  York 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  8  Nov. 

Lib.  of  Hospital  of  St.  Leonard  of  York 
30  pt.  1,  m  1;  d;  20  July. 

City  of  Lincoln 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  19  d;  27  March. 

Scarborough 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  4  July. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

City  of  York 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  3,  m  19  d;  3  Nov. 

Stamford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Mounceaux,  Martin 
Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Mountkoy,  Mouncoy,  Munkoye,  Roger 
Essex 

30  pt.  1,  m  19  d;  14  Feb.  (assoc.). 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  10  July  (30th  year,  in  place  of  J. 

de  Staunton,  who  has  died). 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  10  July  (assoc.). 

J  M unden,  John  (de) 

Dorset 

(Referred  to)  L.  &  P.  24  Edw.  Ill;  Mem.  L.  T.  R., 
31,  Hill.,  Recorda,  rot.  9. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  18  May. 

Middlesex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

(His  place,  and  that  of  R.  atte  Watre,  are 
taken  by  J.  de  Tamworth  and  W.  de  Colbrok; 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  12  April.) 


APPENDIX 


104  * 

J  Mu  sard,  John 
Worcester 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May;  ibid.,  1  July. 

|  Musgrave,  Thomas  de 

Westmoreland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March: 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Oct. 

Nessefeld,  John  de 
Boston 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  15  March. 

Nessefeld,  Thomas  de 

Wap.  of  Claro,  Ew cross,  Skyrack  and  Staincliffe,  W.  R. 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

Nessefeld,  William  de 

Lib.  of  Knaresborough  of  Queen  Philippa 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  26  July. 

|  Neudegate,  William 

Surrey 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Neuport,  John  de 

Essex 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  6  March. 

Nevil,  Alexander  de 

Wap.  of  Bulmer  and  Rydale,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Nevill,  Philip  de 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Nevill,  Ralph  de 
York,  N.  R. 

(Referred  to)  L.  &  P.  Claus.,  26,  m  25  d;  10  March. 
J  Nevill,  William  de 
Grimsby 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  15  Jan. 

Newcastle.  See  Novo  Castro. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


*05 


Newmarche.  See  Novo  Mercato. 

Newmarket.  See  Novo  Mercato. 

Northburgh,  Hugh  de 
Northants. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 
t  Northland,  John  de 
York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  20  May. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  18  June. 

Northo,  William  de 

Sussex 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

Northtoft,  Northtuft,  Nortoft,  Nortot,  Edmund  de 
Essex 

Assize  Roll,  267;  for  24  Edw.  Ill;  app.  D,  1. 
t  Norton,  Vincent  de 
Norfolk 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

Norwich,  Norwiche,  John  de 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March, 
f  J  Notton,  William  de 
Essex 

25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 


L.  &  P. 
Herts. 

L.  &  P. 


Kent 

L.  &  P. 
Surrey 
ditto 
Sussex 
ditto 


25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  2 1  March. 
29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  30  Nov. 

25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 


io6  * 


APPENDIX 


York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  20  May. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and  Claro,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July- 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  15  May. 

Beverley 

27  pt.  2,  in  25  d ;  25  Aug. 

4  Novo  Castro,  Richard  de,  (of  Scarborough) 

Scarborough 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  3  Oct. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  14  Feb. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

J  Novo  Mercato,  Newemarche,  Thomas  de 
Notts. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb.  (Repeated.  When  he  is 
appointed  collector  of  the  subsidy,  his  place  is  taken 
by  J.  Bozon.  Ibid.,  10  Nov.) 

Nuthirst,  Walter 

Lib.  of  King’s  Chapel  of  Windsor 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  June. 

Oldecastel,  Oldcastell,  Oldcastle,  John  de  (del) 

Hereford 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  2  Oct. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 
t  Oldestowe,  Aldestowe,  John  de 

Cornwall 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  July. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  16  Dec. 

Orreby,  John  de 
Cumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Lindsey  (Line.) 
ditto 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


Otewy,  Alexander 
Herts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Oughtred.  See  Ughtred. 

Ousseflele.  See  Usflet. 

Overbury,  William  de 
Gloucester 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d ;  26  Feb.  (assoc.). 

Overton,  William  de 
Southampton 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  i,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

j  Pakeman,  Pageman,  Simon 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d ;  15  March. 

(“Et  licet  postmodum  certis  de  causis  nos  tunc 
mouentibus  vos  ac  prefatum  Iohannem  de  Foluill 
.  .  .  duxerimus  amouendos.  Quia  tamen  dili- 
gentia  et  fidelitas  vestre  in  execucione  nego- 
ciorum  nostrornm  per  vos  exequende  per  certos 
fideles  nos'.ros  quibus  fi:lem  adhibemus,  testificate 
existunt  .  .  .  ,”  he  is  restored;  Claus.  26  m.  29; 
6  Feb.) 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  Feb.;  ibid.,  2  July. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug. 

Papeworth,  John  de 
Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Paries,  Walter 
Northants. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Nov. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  April. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Aug. 

Parys,  Randolf  de 

Holland  and  Kestcven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 


io8  * 


APPENDIX 


Pavely,  John 
Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Payn,  Walter 
Leicester 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

|  Pentelowe,  Thomas  de 
Berks. 

26  pt.  3,  m  4  d ;  1  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  4  Aug. 

!  Percy,  Henry  de 
N  or  thumberlan  d 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Petygard,  Roger 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Peverel,  Andrew 
Sussex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  March. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

J  Peyto,  John  de 
Warwick 

.  28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May. 

Piperel,  Roger 
Devon 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Playce,  Plays,  William 
York,  E.  R. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

Wap.  of  Bucrose,  Derwent,  Dickering  and  Ouse,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

J  Plumpton,  William  de 

York,  W.  R. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  109  * 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and  Claro,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  15  May. 

Wap.  of  Claro,  Ewcross,  Skyrack  and  StainclifFe,  W.  R. 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

J  Pole,  Henry  de  la  (atte) 

Derby 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  July  (assoc.). 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  11  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  Aug.  (in  place  of  T. 
Adam). 

Pole,  Richard  de  la 
Gloucester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Hereford 

ditto 

Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  May. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Worcester 

ditto 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April;  ibid.,  2  July, 
f  t  Pole,  William  de  la 

"  Norfolk  ; 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

Polglas,  Polglase,  William  (de) 

Cornwall 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  10  Dec. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  20  Feb. 


1 10 


APPENDIX 


* 

%  Ponynges,  Michael  cle 
Sussex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  i,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

Porter,  William,  of  Stebbyng 

Manors  of  Henry,  duke  of  Lancaster,  in  Kent,  Essex, 
Sussex  and  Midd. 

30  pt.  3,  m  22  d;  28  Oct. 

Pothowe,  John  de 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York 

30  pt.  3,  m  1 7  d;  20  Nov.  (assoc.). 

t  Power,  John 
Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d ;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  Jan. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  3  June  (assoc.). 

Poynton,  Walter  de 
City  of  Lincoln 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  19  d;  27  March. 

Lib.  of  St.  Mary’s  church  of  Lincoln 
30  pt.  1,  m  1 7  d;  27  Oct. 

Prestcote,  Robert  de 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  10;  1  Aug.,  5 
duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  24  d ;  10  Oct.,  7  duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  38  d ;  26  April,  9  duke  Henry. 

Priterwell,  John  de 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  6  May  (assoc.). 

Proctour,  Thomas 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York 
29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


III 


* 


J  Pudsay,  Pudesey,  John  de,  (of  Craven) 

York,  W.  R. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  18  June. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  12  Nov.  (assoc.). 

Wap.  of  Claro,  Ewcross,  Skyrack  and  Staincliffe,  W.  R. 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

Pukrych,  John  de 
Herts. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  8  Nov.  (assoc.). 

4  Pund,  Adam  (de) 

Kingston-on- Hull 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  Feb. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

$  Purefey,  Philip 
Leicester 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Puttenham,  Roger  de 
Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Pykworth,  Thomas  de 
York,  W.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Radeclif,  Richard  de 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  10;  I  Aug.,  5 
duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  24  d ;  10  Oct.,  7  duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  38  d;  26  April,  9  duke  Henry. 

Radeclif,  William  de 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  10;  1  Aug.,  5 
duke  Henry. 

Radeswell,  James  de 
Herts. 

(Referred  to)  Lay  Subs.,  120/32;  from  Mich.  25 
Edw.  Ill  to  Mich.  26  Edw.  III. 


1 12 


APPENDIX 


* 

J  Repyngale,  Repynghale,  John  de 
Kesteven  (Line.) 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  4  May. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Newark 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  27  May. 

Restwold,  Ralph  de 

Berks. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

Reynes,  Thomas  de 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

J  Richemond,  Richemound,  Rychemond,  Rychemound,  Ryche- 
mund,  Peter  de 
York,  N.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  July. 

Wap.  of  Allerton,  Birdforth  and  Richmond,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Bulmer  and  Rydale,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Bucrose,  Derwent,  Dickering  and  Ouse,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Cleveland  and  Pickering,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

County  of  Richmond 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  10  Feb. 

Lib.  of  Holderness 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Lib.  of  Ripon  of  archbishop  of  York 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  April. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


J  Richemond,  Richemound,  Richemund,  Richard  (de) 
York,  N.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb.;  ibid.,  26  Nov. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  12  Sept. 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York 
29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 

Risshebrok,  William  de 
Suffolk 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Nov.  (assoc.). 

$  Roches,  John  de 

Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  28  May  (assoc.) 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  27  May. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  no  date.  20  Dec. 
31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Somerset 

Claus.  32  m,  6;  12  Nov.  (writ  for  wages). 

J  Rodeneye,  Walter  de 
Somerset 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  Oct. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  26  Jan. 

Roderham,  Roderam,  William  de 
Kent 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Sept. 

31  pt.  1,  111  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Surrey 

Claus.  30  m.  13;  8  June  (writ  for  wages). 
Rokele,  John  de  la 
Essex 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Oct.  (assoc.). 

30  pt.  1,  m  19  d;  15  Feb.  (assoc.). 


APPENDIX 


1 14  * 

J  Rokele,  Robert  de  la 
Essex 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  8  Nov. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

J  Rokesdon,  John  de 

Bedford 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Oct.  (repeated:  no  date.  20  Dec. 
Orig.). 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Roos,  Thomas  de 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Roston,  Henry  de 
Scarborough 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

J  Rouclif,  Rouclyf,  Robert  (Richard)  de 
Wap.  of  Bulmer  and  Rydale,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  i,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Cleveland  and  Pickering,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Scarborough 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  3  Oct. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  14  Feb. 

Rougham,  Richard  de 

Norfolk 

Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  35,  Pasch.,  Recorda,  rot.  10  d;  re¬ 
ferred  to  for  33  Edw.  III. 

Roulegli,  Roulee,  John  de 
Surrey 

County  Placita,  no.  8;  for  24th  year.  App.  C,  2. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d ;  15  March. 

(“Quibusdam  certis  de  causis  coram  consilio  nostro 
propositis  ....  duximus  amouendum  .  .  ” ;  Claus. 
25  m.  15,  15  Sept.  P.  atte  Wode  also  removed.) 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


115* 

Ry,  Nicholas  de 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Rybred,  John,  of  Spaldyng,  (Spaldyng,  John) 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  June  (assoc.). 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  20  Jan. 

Ryngeburne,  William  de 

Isle  of  Wight 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Rys,  William  de 

York,  E.  R. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  20  Nov. 

Ryvere,  John  de  la,  of  Hey  worth 

Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
Sadelyngstanes,  Sadelingstanes,  Hugh  de 
City  of  York 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  3,  m  19  d;  3  Nov. 

N  ewcastle-on-Tyne 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  8  Feb. 
f  J  Sadyngton,  Robert  de 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

{  Salford,  Peter  de 
Bedford 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Nov. 

Salkeld,  John  de 

Cumberland 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Salvayn,  Gerard 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 


1 16  * 


APPENDIX 


J  Sancto  Botulpho,  William  de 
Kesteven  (Line.) 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  30  May  (assoc.). 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Sandford,  Thomas  de 
Westmoreland 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Oct. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec.;  ibid.,  17  Jan. 

Sandford,  William  de 
York,  W.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  26  Oct.  (assoc.). 

Saumon,  Richard,  mayor 

Town  of  Nottingham 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  25  May. 

J  Savage,  Arnald 
Kent 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Sept,  (repeated). 

Scalby,  Thomas  de 

Scarborough 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  14  Feb. 

Scorby,  Henry  de,  mayor 

City  of  York 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  3,  m  19  d;  3  Nov. 

Scrop,  Henry  de 
York,  N.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Scrop,  Richard  de 

Wap.  of  Allerton,  Birdforth  and  Richmond,  N.  R. 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Scrop,  William  de 

Wap.  of  Allerton,  Birdforth  and  Richmond,  N.  R. 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

$  Selby,  Robert  de 
Kingston-on-Hull 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  n  y* 

Semcre,  Adam,  of  Scarborough 
Scarborough 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

J  Sergeant,  John,  (the  younger) 

Gloucester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  12  Feb.  (in  place  of  Rich¬ 
ard  de  Lye). 

Sergeant,  Robert 

Kingston-on-Hull 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  Feb. 

J  J  Seton,  Thomas  de 
Cumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

Westmoreland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

York,  E.  R. 
ditto 

York,  N.  R. 
ditto 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  12  July. 

York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Wap.  of  Allerton,  Birdforth  and  Richmond,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Bulmer  and  Rydale,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  i,m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Bucrose,  Derwent,  Dickering  and  Ouse,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Wap.  of  Cleveland  and  Pickering,  N.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 


Il8*  APPENDIX 

Lib.  of  Pickering  and  Wap.  of  Rydale,  N.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

Lib.  of  Holderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Beverley 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  2,  m  20  d ;  25  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  25  Aug. 
Kingston-on-Hull 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  Feb. 
Newcastle-on-Tyne 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  8  Feb. 

Scarborough 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  4  July. 

Seymor,  Nicholas  de 
Somerset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March, 
t  Seymor,  Thomas 
Wilts. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

J  Shakenhurst,  Shakenhirst,  Walter  de 
Worcester 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  2  July. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  3  Aug. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May;  ibid.,  1  July 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  3  Dec. 

J  Shareshull,  Adam  de 
Oxford 

27  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  13  Feb.  (assoc.). 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

Gloucester 

Claus.  31  m.  25;  20  April  (writ  for  wages). 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


f 


$ 


Shareshull,  William  de 
Berks. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Cornwall 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  July. 

Devon 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Dorset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Northants. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d ;  20  May  (assoc.;  names  do 
not  accord  with  previous  commission). 

Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Shropshire 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  May. 

Somerset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Southampton 


L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  6  Dec. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  16  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  2  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 


Wilts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  27  May. 

Worcester 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Shawe,  Stephen  de 
Kesteven  (Line.) 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  22  Oct.  (assoc.). 

$  Sheffeld,  Shefeld,  John  de 
York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 
27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 


120  *  APPENDIX 

J  Shilvvngton,  William  de 
Stamford 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

Shirburn,  John  de 

Wap.  of  Ainsty,  Barkston  and  Claro,  W.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  Jan.  (in  place  of  John  de  Chau 
mont). 

Shirburn,  William  de 
Lancashire 

24  pt.  3,  m  13  d;  20  Oct. 

J  Skelton,  Clement  de 
Carlisle 

26  pt.  3,  m  1  d;  1  Jan. 

Skelton,  Thomas 
Cumberland 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  30  Nov. 

•j*  f  Skipwith,  Skippewith,  Skippewyth,  Skipwyth,  William  de 
Derby 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Leicester 

ditto 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Lindsey  (Line.) 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  12  Nov. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  26  Oct. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May;  ibid.,  3  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Dec. 

Northants. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


-.1 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


121 


Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
Rutland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 
Warwick 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  20  April. 

Lib.  of  Ilolderness 

29  pt.  1,  ni  28  d;  1  March. 

City  of  Lincoln 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  19  d;  27  March. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  6  April. 

Stamford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 
Manors,  etc.,  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  Lincolnshire 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  July. 

J  Skirbek,  John  de 

Cornwall 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  16  Dec. 

J  Skynnere,  William  (le) 

Shrewsbury 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  May;  ibid.,  18  Sept. 
Sloghter,  Sloghtre,  Thomas  (de) 

Gloucester 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  3  Feb.  (29th  year;  assoc.). 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Worcester 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d ;  3  Feb.  (29th  year;  assoc.). 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  1  April. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  15  Dec. 

f  Slyngesby,  William  de 

York,  W.  R. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 

Somerby,  Walter  de 
Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


122 


APPENDIX 


Somer cotes,  John  de 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

24  pt.  3,  m  iod;  12  Nov. 

Lib.  of  St.  Mary’s  church  of  Lincoln 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  27  Oct. 

$  Somerford,  Richard  de 

Stafford 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Spaigne,  William  de 

Boston 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  16  Oct. 

Spaldyng,  John.  See  Rybred. 

%  Sparry,  John 
Warwick 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  18  May. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Spenser,  William  le,  knight 

Worcester 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  24  July  (assoc.). 

Spycer,  John 

Exeter 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  20  Nov. 

1*  Spyneye,  Spynee,  William 

Warwick 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Stafford,  Ralph  de,  baron  and  earl  of 

Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March;  ibid.,  6  Dec. 

Stafford,  Richard  de 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


123 


* 


Staunford,  Nicholas  de 
Stamford 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

J  Staunton,  Geoffrey  de 
Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Aug. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  15  April. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Staunton,  John  de 
Essex 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

(At  his  death  his  place  is  taken  by  R.  Mount- 
koy,  10  July,  30th  year;  29  pt.  1,  m  28  d.) 

J  Stayne,  Stayn,  William  de 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

24  pt.  3,  m  10  d;  12  Nov. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Oct. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May;  ibid.,  3  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Staynton,  Robert  de 

York,  W.  R.  - 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  20  May. 

J  Steynton,  William  de 
Derby 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  12  July  (assoc.), 
f  Stirkland,  Thomas  de 

T  7 

Westmoreland 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  26  Oct. 

Stodeye,  John  de 
London 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  1  Aug. 


APPENDIX 


124 


* 


Stonleye,  Stonle,  Richard  de 
Warwick,  except  Coventry 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  1  Aug. 

Warwick 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  8  Nov. 
f  Stou ford,  John  de 

Berks. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Cornwall 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  July. 

Devon 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Dorset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Oxford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Somerset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 
Southampton 
ditto 
Wilts, 
ditto 

Strangman,  William 

Manors,  etc.,  of  St.  Paul’s  in  Essex,  Herts,  and  Midd. 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  11  Sept. 

Strete,  John  atte 

Manors,  etc.,  of  St.  Paul’s  in  Essex,  Herts,  and  Midd. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  11  Sept. 

J  Stryvelyn,  John  de 

Northumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec.  (void). 

J  Sturmy,  Henry 
Southampton 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  125  * 

J  Sturmy,  John 

Lib.  of  Holclerness 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  i,  m  28  d;  1  March. 

t  Stury,  John 
Shrewsbury 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  May;  ibid.,  18  Sept. 

$  Styuecle,  John  de 

Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  July  (assoc.). 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d ;  1  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d ;  5  Feb. 

(At  his  death  his  place  is  taken  by  J. 
de  Harewedon;  ibid.,  3  Nov.) 

J  Styuecle,  Nicholas  de 
Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  1  Dec. 

Styuecle,  Richard  de 
Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Sudbury,  John  de 
Essex 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  6  March. 

Suffolk,  earl  of.  See  Ufford. 

Surflet,  William  de 
Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  June  (assoc.). 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  12  March  (assoc.). 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d ;  7  July  (30th  year ;  assoc.). 
31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

(“Certis  de  causis,”  his  place  is  taken 
by  R.  de  Meres  and  T.  de  la  Laund. 
33  pk  L  m  27  d;  t8  Feb.) 


126  *  APPENDIX 

J  Sutton,  John  de 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  3  Aug.  (Vacat  quia  aliter 
inferius.) 

J  Sutton,  John  de,  of  Dudley 
Stafford 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  16  May. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  2  Nov. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

Sutton,  John  de,  of  Holderness 

Lib.  of  Holderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

(His  place  is  taken  by  R.  de  Hilton;  26  pt.  1, 
m  8  d;  20  May.) 

Sutton,  Lawrence  de 

Manors,  etc.,  of  St.  Paul’s  in  Essex,  Herts,  and  Midd. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  11  Sept. 

J  Swynfen,  John 

Town  of  Huntingdon 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 

Swynford,  Thomas  de 

Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 
ditto 

Swynnerton,  John  de,  (of  Hulton) 

Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Swynnerton,  Thomas  de 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Stafford 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  127  * 

%  Symeon,  Simon 
Holland  (Line.) 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  20  Jan. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May;  ibid.,  2  July. 

Lindsey  (Line.) 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  8  May. 

Syngleton,  Robert  de 

Palatinate  of  Lancaster 

Duchy  of  Lane.,  Chanc.  Rolls,  ii,  no.  10;  1  Aug.,  5 
duke  Henry. 

Ibid.,  ii,  no.  19  d;  3  May,  6  duke  Henry  (assoc.). 
Ibid.,  ii,  no.  24  d;  10  Oct.,  7  duke  Henry. 

Taillour,  Henry,  of  Hedon 
Lib.  of  Holderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  20  April  (27th  year ;  assoc.). 
Talbot,  Richard,  of  Goderiche  Castell 
Gloucester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Hereford 

ditto 

t  Tamworth,  John  de 
Middlesex 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  12  April  (assoc.). 

Surrey 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

J  Teye,  Robert  de 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  June. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  3  Aug.  (Vacat  quia  ali- 
ter  inferius.) 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  8  Nov. 

28  pt.  I,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  28  Aug. 

Thoresby,  Richard  de 

Lib.  of  abbot  of  Peterborough 
28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 


128  * 


APPENDIX 


$  Thornes,  Robert  del 
Shrewsbury 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  28  May. 

-|-  Thorpe,  Thorp,  Robert  de 
Bedford 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb.  (repeated). 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March 

Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Suffolk 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

f  Thorpe,  William  de 
Leicester 

(Referred  to)  L.  &  P.  Orig.  24  m.  33;  12  June. 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

t  Threlkeld,  William  de 
*  ' 

Cumberland 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  30  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

Tilneye,  Tylneye,  John  de 
Norfolk 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  11  July  (assoc.). 

Except  Lynn 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  30  Nov. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


129 


Tochewyk,  Thomas  (de) 

Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

26  pt.  3,  m  7  d;  17  Dec. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

Toft,  Robert  de 

Holland  (Line.) 

33  pt.  3,  m  27  d;  26  March. 

Topclyf,  William  de 
Middlesex 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  15  Sept,  (assoc.). 
Trenchaunt,  Edward 

Southampton 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

%  Trewynnare,  Trewynard,  Henry  (de) 

Cornwall 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  9  d;  15  July. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  16  Dec. 

Tristrem,  Richard 
Shropshire 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Trussebut,  William 

Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

J  Tughale,  Tugal,  Robert  de 
Northumberland 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec.  (void). 
4  Turbervill,  Richard  (de) 

Dorset 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Twyer,  Robert  de 
York,  E.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


APPENDIX 


130  * 

$  Tybey,  Robert 
Carlisle 

26  pt.  3,  m  1  cl;  1  Jan. 

Tyndale,  William  de 

Northants. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  26  Nov. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d ;  26  March. 

{  Tyrel,  Tirel,  Tyrell,  Thomas 

Essex 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  June. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  28  Aug. ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  6  March. 

Tyrel,  Thomas,  the  elder 
Essex 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  8  Nov. 

(“Quibusdam  certis  de  causis,”  his  place  is  taken 
by  J.  de  Goldyngham  and  B.  de  Ditton.  27  pt. 
2,  m  25  d;  22  Jan.) 

Ufford,  John  de 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Ufford,  Robert  de,  earl  of  Suffolk 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Suffolk 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Ughtred,  Oughtred,  Thomas  (de) 

York,  E.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

York,  N.  R. 
ditto 

(“ Certis  de  causis  coram  consilio,”  he  is  ap¬ 
pointed  to  do  other  business  of  the  king; 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


131  * 

therefore  he  is  no  longer  to  act  on  either  of 
the  two  above  commissions.  Claus.  26  m.  25 
d;  10  March.) 

Scarborough 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  3  Oct. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  14  Feb. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

Umframvill,  Gilbert  de,  earl  of  Angus 

Holland  and  Kesteven  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Holland  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Lindsey  (Line.) 

(Referred  to)  L.  &  P.  for  24  Edw.  Ill,  Assize  Roll, 
524,  Lincoln ;  app.,  C,  2. 

25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Upsale,  John 
York,  N.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Kingston-on-Hull 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

Usflet,  Ousseflete,  Usfeld,  Usflete,  Illard  de 

York,  E.  R. 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  6  May  (in  place  of  J.  de 
Bentele.) 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Hospital  of  St.  Leonard  of  York 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  July. 

Lib.  of  Holderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

Prince  of  Wales’  manor  of  Kirton  in  Lindsey  (Line.) 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  May. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  15  Nov. 

Vache,  Richard  de  la 
Bucks. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 


APPENDIX 


I32 


J  Vavasour,  John  le 
York,  W.  R. 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  3  July. 

Vepount,  Robert  de 
Cumberland 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  30  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

J  Verdon,  Verdoun,  John  de 
Northants. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  25  July.  (Vacat  quia 
restitute  sunt.) 

J  Virly,  Roger  (Virby  in  the  first  two  instances,  perhaps  by  a 
clerical  error) 

Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  22  Nov. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

Except  Lynn 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  30  Nov.;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

J  Vykers,  John  atte 

Retford-in-the-Clay 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  20  June. 

Vyneter,  John 
Northants. 

L.  &  P. 

Vyneter,  Robert 
Kent 

L.  &  P. 

J  Wade,  William 
Rutland 
L.  &  P. 


25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 


25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 


25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  12  July. 
29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  133  * 


J  Wakebrigge,  Wakebrigg,  Wakebrugg,  Wakebrugge,  William  de 
Derby 


L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  20  July  (assoc.). 
28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

Notts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  2  July. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  Jan. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d ;  20  Dec. 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  15  April. 
Retford-in-the-Clay 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  20  June. 

Walden,  Andrew  de 
Essex 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  8  d;  6  May  (assoc.). 


Waleys,  John 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  27  Oct.  (assoc.). 


Walton,  Adam  de 
Northumberland 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

J  Walton,  Hugh  de 
Norfolk 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  June. 

Wandesford,  Wandisford,  John  de 
York,  E.  R. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Wap.  of  Bucrose,  Derwent,  Dickering  and  Ouse,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Ward,  Simon,  knight 

York,  W.  R. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  18  June. 

|  Warde,  Simon 

Northants. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  26  April. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  1  Oct.  (assoc.)  ;  ibid.,  20  Dec. 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  28  Nov. 


APPENDIX 


134* 

%  Warde,  William 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

27  pt.  2,  m  25  d;  3  Nov. 

Warthecoppe,  Wardecopp,  Warthecop,  William  de 
Westmoreland 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec.;  ibid.,  17  Jan. 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Warwick,  earl  of.  See  Beauchaump. 

|  Waryn,  William 

Town  of  Leicester 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  16  Nov. 

Wascelyn,  Wacelyn,  William 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  26  May  (assoc.). 

Prince  of  Wales’  manor  of  Kirton  in  Lindsey  (Line.) 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  May. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  15  Nov. 

Wassingle,  Wassyngle,  John  de 
Hunts. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

J  Watere,  Robert  atte 
Herts. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Middlesex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

(His  place  and  that  of  J.  de  Munden  are  taken 
by  J.  de  Tamworth  and  W.  de  Colbrok;  28  pt. 
1,  m.  22  d;  12  April.) 

Surrey 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Wanton,  Adam  de 

N  ewcastle-on-Tyne 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  28  d ;  8  Feb. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


135* 

%  Wavere,  William 
Kent 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  no  date.  20  Dec.  Orig. 

Cinque  Ports 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  20  Oct. 

Wealde,  Richard  atte 

Lib.  of  archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  Kent 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  16  Sept. 

Welles,  Thomas 

Lib.  of  bishop  of  Ely 

32  pt.  1,  m  34  d;  14  July. 

Welton,  John  de 
Cambridge 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

Wentbrigg,  John  de 

Manors  and  towns  of  Cheshunt  and  Bassingbourn  of  the 
earl  of  Richmond. 

30  pt.  1,  m  1 7  d;  20  March. 

$  Wentelond,  Wentlond,  William 
Town  of  Huntingdon 

28  pt.  2,  m  13  d;  20  Jan. 

29  pt.  1,  m  28  d;  20  June. 

Wessyngton,  William  de 

Palatinate  of  Durham ;  wards  of  Chester,  Darlington,  Eas- 
ington  and  Stockton,  and  wap.  of  Sadberg. 
Cursitors’  Records,  30,  rot.  1,  Hatfield,  m.  5  d,  no.  6; 
15  June,  5th  year. 

Westhorp,  Thomas  de 

Lib.  of  Pickering  and  wap.  of  Rydale,  N.  R. 

30  pt.  3,  m  17  d;  30  Oct. 

Weston,  John  de,  the  younger 

Surrey 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

J  Weston,  Thomas  de 

Surrey  J:  ’ 

Claus.  32  m.  23;  20  Jan.  (writ  for  wages). 


APPENDIX 


136  * 

Whelere,  Robert  le,  mayor 
Wycombe 

30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  20  March. 

J  Whitwebbe,  Walter 
Coventry 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  28  Feb.;  ibid.,  28  June. 

Whitewell,  John  (de) 

Herts. 

33  pt.  1,  m  27  d;  10  Aug. 

Surrey 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Wideryngton,  Roger  de 
Northumberland 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Wilby,  Robert  de 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  7  July  (assoc.). 

J  Wilton,  John  de 

Wap.  of  Herthill  and  Hovedenshire,  E.  R. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Lib.  of  Holderness 

L.  &  P.  26  pt.  1,  m  21  d;  20  Feb. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  2  July. 

Kingston-on-Hull 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  1 2  Feb. 

Wilughton,  Peter  de 

Lib.  of  St.  Mary’s  church  of  Lincoln 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  27  Oct. 

J  Wode,  Peter  atte 
Surrey 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

(Removed;  Claus.  25  m.  15,  15  Sept.  See  Rou- 
legh.) 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

29  pt.  2,  m  8  d;  20  Dec. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  137  * 

Wolf,  Hugh 
Bucks. 

L.  &  P.  24  pt.  1,  m  23  d;  20  Feb. 

J  Worsop,  John  de 

Retford-in-the-Clay 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  20  June. 

Wortley,  Nicholas  de 

York,  W.  R. 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  20  May. 
f  Wychyngham,  William  de 
Norfolk 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

(Commission  revoked;  Claus.  28  m.  29,  1  Feb. 
See  J.  de  Berneye.) 

Wydevill,  Richard  de 
Northants. 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  26  April. 

4  Wyk,  Robert  de,  of  Stamford 

Stamford 

27  pt.  1,  m  24  d;  12  Feb. 

Wykham,  William  de 

Lib.  of  King’s  Chapel  of  Windsor 
30  pt.  1,  m  17  d;  8  June. 

{  Wylughby,  John  de 
Lindsey  (Line.) 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  3  July. 

Wylughby,  Wilughby,  Richard  de 

Essex 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  15  d;  15  March. 

Herts. 

ditto 

Kent 

ditto 

Surrey 

ditto 

Sussex 

ditto 


APPENDIX 


138* 

$  Wyngefeld,  Thomas  de 
Sussex 

28  pt.  1,  m  22  d;  20  June. 

J  Wynton,  John  de 
Southampton 

31  pt.  1,  m  20  d;  5  Feb. 

Yve,  John 

Manors,  etc.,  of  duke  of  Lancaster  in  Kent,  Essex,  Sussex 
and  Midd. 

30  pt.  3,  m  22  d ;  28  Oct. 

Zouch,  Roger  la 
Leicester 

L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  14  d;  15  March. 

Zouche,  William  de  la,  of  Toteneye 
Northants. 

(Referred  to)  L.  &  P.  25  pt.  1,  m  13  d;  8  Nov.  (in 
assoc,  of  J.  de  Eston). 

4.  List  of  territorial  districts  for  which  separate  commissions 
for  labourers  were  issued  during  the  years  13 52-13 59. 

This  list  is,  of  course,  made  up  from  the  same  sources  as 
are  the  two  preceding  lists,  but  in  the  case  of  the  franchises  it 
aims  to  give  the  title  more  fully  than  is  possible  in  either  list  2 
or  list  3. 

I.  Geographical  counties. 

Bedford,  Berkshire,  Buckingham,  Cambridge,  Corn¬ 
wall,  Cumberland,  Derby,  Devon,  Dorset,  Essex, 
Gloucester,  Hereford,  Hertford,  Huntingdon,1  Kent, 
Leicester,  Middlesex,  Norfolk,2  Northampton,  North¬ 
umberland,  Nottingham,  Oxford,  Rutland,  Shropshire, 
Somerset,  Southampton,  Stafford,  Suffolk,  Surrey, 
Sussex,  Warwick,3  Westmoreland,  Wiltshire,  Wor¬ 
cester. 

Total,  34 

1  In  the  29th  year,  the  town  of  Huntingdon  was  excepted. 

1  Similarly,  the  town  of  Lynn.  8  Similarly,  the  town  of  Coventry. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


139 


* 


II.  Divisions  of  counties. 

a.  Lincolnshire ;  Holland,  Kesteven,  and  Lindsey. 
Yorkshire;  East,  North  and  West  Ridings. 

Isle  of  Wight. 

Total,  7. 

b.  Groups  of  wapentakes  and  liberties. 

Yorkshire. 

East  Riding. 

Bucrose,  Derwent,  Dickering,  and  Ouse. 
Herthill  and  Hovedenshire. 

North  Riding. 

Allerton,  Birdforth  and  Richmond. 

Bulmer  and  Rydale. 

Cleveland  and  Pickering. 

Pickering  and  Rydale. 

West  Riding. 

Ainsty,  Barkston,  and  Claro. 

Claro,  Ewcross,  Skyrack  and  Stainclifife. 

Total,  8. 

TIL  Towns.  (The  t  indicates  those  that  received  a  commis¬ 
sion  of  the  peace  separate  from  that  of  the  county.) 

t  Beverley,  Boston,  J  Carlisle,  Cinque  Ports,  J  Cov¬ 
entry,  Exeter,  J  Grimsby,  J  Huntingdon,  {  Kingston- 
on-Hull,  J  Leicester,  Lincoln,  London,  *|  Lynn, 
t  Newark,  Nottingham,  Oxford,  ±  Retford-in-the-Clay, 
J  Scarborough,  J  Shrewsbury,  Southwell,  J  Stamford, 
Wycombe. 

Total,  22. 

IV.  List  of  franchise  owners  and  their  franchises  and  dates  of 
commissions.  (The  J  indicates  those  who  appeared  in  the 
exchequer  to  claim  the  penalties ;  cf.  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  B ; 
the  last  number  in  each  date  is  the  regnal  year.) 

J  Abbot  of  Peterborough,  in  Northants.  20  June/28. 

%  Abbot  of  Reading,  in  Berks.  12  Jan/29. 

Leominster  in  Here¬ 
ford. 


t  May/30. 


140  * 


APPENDIX 


20  June/29. 

16  Sept./30. 
20  March/28. 
28  April/30. 
12  Oct/30. 

14  July/32. 


11  Sept/30. 


Abbot  of  St.  Mary  of  York. 

4  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  Kent. 

Archbishop  of  York,  Ripon. 

Bishop  of  Durham,  Howden. 

Bishop  of  Ely,  in  Cambridge. 

Church  of  St.  Paul,  London,  in  manors,  hun¬ 
dreds,  towns,  hamlets,  lands  and  fees  in  Essex, 

Herts.,  and  Midd. 

Dean  and  chapter  of  St.  Mary’s  church  of  Lin¬ 
coln,  Asgarby,  Fristhorpe,  Navenby  and  Wel- 
ton.  27  Oct./30. 

Dean  and  chapter  of  St.  Peter  of  York.  8  N0V./28. 

4  Duke  of  Cornwall,  honours  of  Wallingford,  St. 

Valery,  and  Berkhampstead,  and  all  other  hun¬ 
dreds,  towns  and  hamlets  belonging  to  above 
in  Bedf.,  Berks.,  Bucks.,  Herts.,  Midd.,  and 

in  Lincolnshire. 

|  Duke  of  Lancaster,  all  manors,  hundreds,  towns, 

hamlets,  lands  and  fees 
in  Lincolnshire, 
in  West  Riding  of  York.  16  Oct./30. 
all  manors,  hundreds,  towns, 
hamlets,  lands  and  fees 
in  Essex,  Kent,  Midd., 
and  Sussex.  28  0ct./30. 

Earl  of  Albemarle,  Liberty  of  Holderness.  2july/28. 

1  March/29. 

$  Earl  of  Richmond,  Liberty  of  Richmond.1  10  Feb./28. 

manors  and  towns  of  Ches- 

hunt  and  Bassingbourn.  20  March/30. 
Hospital  of  St.  Leonard  of  York,  in  Yorkshire.  20  July/30. 

J  Prince  of  Wales,  manor  of  Kirton  in  Lindsey 

(Line.).  20  May/30.  * 

15  N0V./30. 


8  July/30. 


8  June/30. 


‘Often  called  “county.” 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  141  * 

Prior  of  Bustlesham,  at  Bustlesham  and  else¬ 
where  in  Berks.  8May/30. 

%  Queen  Isabel,  in  towns  of  Cambridge  and  Ches¬ 
terton.  ioJuly/30. 

J  Queen  Philippa,  Liberty  of  Knaresborough.  26  July/30. 

Warden  and  College  of  Kings’  free  chapel  of 

Windsor  in  Berks.  8June/30. 

Total,  24. 

V.  Counties  palatine. 

Chester. 

Lancaster. 

Total,  2. 

Total  of  the  5  groups,  97. 


142 


APPENDIX 


* 

C.  Local  Courts  under  Crown-Appointed  Justices.  ( Cf . 
pt.  i,  ch.  ii.) 

1.  Quarter  sessions  records. 

2.  Records  illustrating  the  supervision  of  the  justices  in 
session. 

i.  Quarter  sessions  records.  ( Cf .  pt.  i,  ch.  ii,  1-6.) 

INTRODUCTORY  NOTE. 

The  commonly  accepted  opinion  has  been  that,  with  the  ex¬ 
ception  of  one  wages  assessment  for  1431,  no  quarter  sessions 
records  of  earlier  date  than  the  16th  century  are  in  existence; 1 
at  any  rate  none  have  been  discovered  by  the  author'  of  the 
latest  treatise  on  the  justice  of  the  peace.2  Further,  there  is 
no  reference  to  this  class  of  records  in  Gross'  summaries  (cf. 
app.,  4),  in  Scargill-Bird’s  Guide,  or  in  the  preface  and  table  of 
contents  of  the  List  of  Plea  Rolls  of  various  courts  preserved  in 
the  Public  Record  Office ,  prepared  by  the  latter.  My  suspicions 
were,  however,  aroused  by  Palgrave’s  statement,  made  as  re¬ 
cently  as  1836,  that  rolls  of  justices  of  the  peace  and  of  justices 
of  labourers  were  included  among  the  Treasury  records.3  With 
the  thought  of  a  possible  mis-classification  in  my  mind,  I  ex¬ 
amined  the  List  of  Plea  Rolls,  under  the  heading  “Eyre  Rolls, 
Assize  Rolls,”  etc.,  and  there  found  seven  rolls  for  the  decade 
1349-1359  described  as  containing  proceedings  before  justices 
of  labourers.  Moreover,  a  roll  for  Rutland  clearly  noted  in  an 
old  list  of  Assize  Rolls  4  as  consisting  of  proceedings  before 
the  justices  of  labourers,  re-appears  in  the  List  of  Plea  Rolls, 
listed  in  such  a  fashion  that  its  nature  cannot  be  inferred. 
This  incident  convinced  me  that  there  were  more  such  rolls 
that  had  similarly  escaped  identification,  and  that  an  exam- 

1 A  brief  account  of  these  records  has  already  appeared  in  my  article 

in  E.  H.  R .,  530-536. 

3  See  preface  to  Beard’s  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

5  Ancient  Kalendars  and  Inventories  of  the  Treasury ,  i,  introduction, 
lii. 

4  General  Report  on  Public  Records ,  1837,  app.,  53. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  143  * 

ination  of  all  the  so-called  “Assize  Rolls”  for  every  county 
for  the  decade  1349-1359  would  be  well  worth  while.  The 
result  was  the  discovery  of  eight  more  sessional  records, 
which,  with  the  Rutland  roll  and  with  the  seven  that  had 
been  correctly  described,  gave  a  total  of  sixteen.  One  of  these 
had  been  translated  and  printed  in  a  local  archaeological  jour¬ 
nal,  but  as  far  as  I  know  had  never  attracted  attention.1 

It  also  seemed  advisable  to  examine  Ancient  Indictments, 
classed  in  Scargill-Bird’s  Guide  under  “King’s  Bench,  Crown 
side,”  the  manuscript  list  giving  no  clue  to  contents,  but  merely 
the  county  and  regnal  year  of  each  roll.  The  series  is  in  a 
very  bad  condition;  the  membranes  are  crumpled  and  thick 
with  dust,  and  are  fastened  together  by  parchment  strings 
through  holes  in  the  middle  of  each,  so  tightly  drawn  that  the 
manuscript  is  easily  torn  and  that  deciphering  the  portions 
near  the  strings  is  almost  impossible.  An  examination  of  the 
whole  series  for  the  decade,  as  far  as  was  possible  under  these 
adverse  conditions,  revealed  the  fact  that  in  addition  to  many 
rolls  of  indictments  coram  Rege  for  offences  against  the  stat¬ 
utes  of  labourers,  there  are  also  two  rolls  of  proceedings  be¬ 
fore  justices  of  labourers.  Several  rolls  of  the  keepers  of  the 
peace  for  this  decade  were  likewise  identified,2  quite  by  chance, 
as  well  as  several  for  a  later  period ; 3  it  is,  therefore,  probable 
that  for  the  next  century  more  such  records  are  in  existence 
and  will  be  discovered  by  an  exhaustive  search  through  Assize 
Rolls  and  Ancient  Indictments. 

There  are  also  references  to,  or  transcripts  of,  particular 
proceedings  before  justices  of  labourers  in  the  pardons  for 
outlawry  recorded  on  the  Patent  Rolls,4  and  in  the  rolls  of 
exigends  of  offenders  convicted  before  the  justices  to  be  pro- 

1  Cf.  app.,  C,  1,  no.  XVI. 

2  Assize  Rolls,  Bedford,  32;  Ancient  Indictments,  Somerset,  104.  For 
a  fuller  account  of  these  cf.  my  article  in  E.  H.  R.,  5^5,  note  139. 

8  Assize  Rolls,  Bucks.,  76;  Warwick,  976;  Ancient  Indictments,  Nor¬ 
folk,  80  (called  to  my  attention  by  Mr.  Edgar  Powell);  Oxford,  98. 
Cf.  my  article,  loc.  cit.,  note  140. 

4  Cf.  e.  g.,  app.,  C,  1,  no.  XVIII. 


144 


APPENDIX 


* 

claimed  in  the  county  courts.  One  roll  of  exigends  appears 
unexpectedly  among  Ancient  Indictments,1  and  three  others 
among  Coroners’  Rolls,  although  the  description  given  in  List 
of  Plea  Rolls  does  not  adequately  indicate  the  nature  of  these 
last  three.2  The  Gaol  Delivery  Rolls  undoubtedly  contain  more 
information  as  to  convictions  before  justices  of  laborers,  but 
unfortunately  have  not  been  included  in  my  search.3  It  has 
already  been  shown  that  in  connection  with  the  supervision  of 
the  justices  in  session,  exercised  by  the  central  government, 
proceedings  before  them  were  sometimes  removed  into  a  higher 
court  and  were  thus  preserved ; 4  a  few  of  these  are  given  in 
app.,  C,  2.  There  has  also  proved  to  be  evidence  in  ex¬ 
chequer  documents5  that,  for  a  while  at  least,  sessional  records 
similar  to  those  actually  discovered  were  in  existence,  but  for 
the  decade  1349-1359  these  eighteen  rolls  are  the  only  ones 
that  I  have  found  that  can  legitimately  be  described  as  records, 
more  or  less  complete,  of  sessions  of  justices  of  labourers,  of 
the  separate  or  of  the  joint  commissions.  It  is  unnecessary  to 
repeat  here  the  proof  of  the  theory  that  there  is  a  special  ex¬ 
planation  of  the  survival  of  each  of  these  rolls  and  of  the 
belief  that  at  this  date  there  was  no  regular  system  for  the 
preservation  of  sessional  records.6  In  the  following  pages  ex¬ 
tracts  from  each  of  the  eighteen  rolls  are  given,  with  the  ex¬ 
ception  of  the  one  in  print ;  and  also  when  possible  the  par¬ 
ticular  reason  for  its  survival.7  The  title  of  each  roll  as  it 
stands  in  the  official  catalogue  is  given,  the  asterisk  indicating 
the  rolls  that  are  at  present  inadequately  described ;  the  Roman 
numerals  refer  merely  to  the  order  in  my  list. 

1  Cf.  app.,  C,  1,  no.  XVIII. 

2 Ibid.  One  naturally  infers  that  only  the  rolls  described  as  contain¬ 
ing  exigends  belong  to  this  class.  Gross  in  Select  Cases  from  Cor¬ 
oners'  Rolls ,  1 18,  prints  an  example  of  an  exigend  of  an  offender  against 
the  statute  for  the  year  1363. 

1  Cf.  List  of  Plea  Rolls. 

4Pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  1,  and  s.  7. 

5  Cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  s.  1. 


6  Ibid. 


7  Ibid. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  ^5  * 

I.  Quarter  sessions  records. 

Extracts  from  Ancient  Indictments  and  Assize  Rolls. 

%  I.  Chester,  Palatinate  of;  Eyre  Roll,  13.  n-25  Edw.  III. 

84  membranes. 

Placita  coram  Thoma  de  Ferrariis  Justiciario  Cestriae,  in 
itinere  suo  apud  Macclesfield. 

Indictamenta  Hundredi  de  Macclesfield. 

Placita  et  Deliberatio  Gaolae. 

Intermixed  with  the  membranes  containing  proceedings  be¬ 
fore  de  Ferrariis  and  stitched  to  them,  are  membranes  of  pro¬ 
ceedings  before  the  justices  of  labourers.  Similarly  in  the  two 
following  rolls,  II  and  III,  there  is  an  intermixture  of  the 
records  of  de  Burgerssh  with  those  of  the  justices  of  labourers. 

m.  1.  Indictamenta  coram  Roberto  de  Leghe  de  operariis 
et  seruientibus  per  commissionem 1  domini  comitis 
apud  Macclesfeld,  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum 
Sancti  Marci  Euaungeliste,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi 
tercii  a  conquestu  vicesimo  sexto. 

(Presentments  under  oath  by  jurors.) 

et  quod  Iohannes  £ 2  le  Tayllour  de  Wylmeslowe  fre- 
git  statutum  ad  dampna  populi  xl  d.  Et  quod  Ricar- 
dus  filius  Roberti  filii  Gvbbe  fregit  statutum  ad 
dampna  ii  s. 

•  •  •  •  .  •  •  •  • 

Et  quod  Thomas  Boney  f  noluit  servire  et  fregit  sta¬ 
tutum  ad  dampna  xl  d . Et  quod  Robertus  filius 

Walteri  del  Mor,  Plenricus  de  Hyrdefeld,  Nicholaus 
filius  capellani  exierunt  a  patria  ad  operandum  ad 
dampna,  quilibet  eorum  ii  s. 

(••••••« 

1 1  have  been  unable  to  find  on  the  Recognizance  Rolls  a  reference  to 
any  commission  until  that  of  1360;  cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  1. 

throughout  these  sessional  records  the  mark  t  indicates  that  in  the 
original  “finis”  or  “  finem  fecit”  or  “fecit  finem  ”  is  written  over 
the  name. 


APPENDIX 


146  * 

Et  quod  Margeria  J  filia  Roberti,  Iohanna  J  le  Web¬ 
ster,  Cecilia  J  de  Ashton,  Benedictus  J  le  Strenger, 
Alicia  J  de  Hargreve,  Willelmus  ;j;  filius  Roberti  fre- 
gerunt  statutum  et  exierunt  a  patria  ad  dampna,  qui- 
libet  eorum  vi  d. 

J  II.  Chester,  Palatinate  of ;  Indictment  Roll,  19.  27-38  Edw. 

III.  47  membranes. 

Indictamenta  Villae  et  Hundredi  de  Macclesfield  coram 

Bartholomaeo  de  Burgerssh. 

m.  3.  Indictamenta  apud  Macclesfeld  coram  Roberto  de 
Legh  et  Willelmo  de  Maynwaryng  assignatis  per  com- 
missionem  domini  comitis  Cestrie  ad  inquirendum  de 
operariis  et  artificibus  qui  statutum  domini  Edwardi 
Regis  nunc  de  eisdem  nuper  editum  fregerunt,  die 
Mercurii  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Andree  apostoli 
anno  regni . vicesimo  septimo. 

(Presentments  under  oath  by  jurors  of  a  long  list 
of  receivers  of  excess  wages.) 

•  ••••••• 

i 

Dicunt  ....  quod  Dykon  Dryebred,  triturator, 
cepit  mercedem  superfluam  ad  dampna  populi  vi  d. 
.  .  .  .  Et  quod  Ricardus  de  Bouland  f  (manucaptus), 
communis  operarius,  cepit  mercedem  superfluam  ad 
dampna  vi  d. 

* 

•  ••••••• 

Et  quod  Adam  Duncalf,J  sutor,  fregit  statutum  ad 
dampna  populi  xii  d. 

i  •••••••• 

Et  quod  Ricardus  Filiaster,J  Henricus  le  Fycher  cepe- 
runt  salarium  excessiuum  ad  dampna  vi  d. 

« 

•  ••••••• 

Et  quod  Adam  J  (manucaptus)  Brid,  salter,  dedit 
salarium  excessiuum  ad  dampna  vi  d. 

1 

•  ••••••• 

Et  quod  Emma  (manucapta  ponit  se)  Walrane  cepit 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


147* 

ii  d.  quadam  die  in  autumpno  ab  hora  prima  diei  vsque 
noctem  et  fregit  statutum. 

Indictamenta  ville  de  Macclesfeld  coram  Roberto  de  Legh 
et  Willelmo  de  Maynwaryng  die  et  anno  infrascriptis. 

(Many  presentments  for  the  receipt  of  excess  wages.) 

Thomas  de  Tydryntone,  capellanus,  cepit  mercedem 
superfluam  ad  dampna  populi  xl  d. 

m.  9  b.  Indictamenta  operariorum  et  seruiencium  coram 
Roberto  de  Legh  et  Willelmo  de  Maynwaryng  iusti- 
ciariis  assignatis  ad  inquirendum  de  huiusmodi,  apud 
Macclesfeld,  die  Lune  in  festo  Convercionis  Sancti 
Pauli,  anno  regni  .  .  .  tricesimo. 

Iuratores  ....  dicunt  super  sacramentum  suum 
quod  .  .  .  .  et  Thomas,  filius  Roberti  filii  Madyn, 
exiuit  a  seruicio  Iohannis  de  Dokenfeld  et  extra  pa- 
triam  et  quod  Roesia  soror  eius  exiuit  a  patria  tem¬ 
pore  autumpni. 

•  ••••••• 

Et  quod  Ricardus,{  filius  Ricardi  filii  Hamonis,  opera- 
rius,  exiuit  a  patria  et  procurat  alios  exire  .  .  .  Et 
Radulphus  de  Shelladon,J  falcator,  Willelmus  {  de 
Hethylegh,  falcator, J  Thomas  de  Shagh,J  falcator, 
Thomas,J  filius  Ricardi  filii  Roberti  de  Hulm,*|  mes- 
sor,  Thomas  de  Denebrok,!  messor,  exierunt  a  pa¬ 
tria . 

Et  Henricus,  filius  Symonis  le  Mulward,  noluit  seruire 

Hugoni  del  Sherd  et  erat  vacans . 

Et  Ricardus  de  Bouland  *|  (manucaptus),  tasker,  cepit 
mercedem  superfluam. 

m.  16  b.  (X).  Hundredum  de  Macclesfeld. 

Inquisicio  capta  coram  Roberto  de  Legh  et  Willelmo 
de  Maynwaring  iusticiariis  assignatis  apud  Maccles¬ 
feld  ad  inquirendum  de  operariis  et  artificibus  per 
commissionem  domini  comitis  Cestr’,  die  Lune  prox- 


14B* 


APPENDIX 


imo  post  festum  Invencionis  Sancte  Crucis  anno  regni 
....  tricesimo  primo. 

(Presentments  under  oath  by  jurors  of  a  long  list 
of  both  takers  and  givers  of  excess  wages.) 

•  ••••••• 

Dicunt  quod  Henricus  Hennerissone,i  mower,  ma- 

nens  in  Aldurlegh,  cepit  salariam  excessivam . 

Et  quod  Willelmus  de  Wakefeld,  barker, t  fregit  sta- 

tutum  et  dat  operariis  mercedem  excessivam . 

Et  quod  Iohannes,  filius  Ricardi  de  Overaldurlegh, 
falcator,  cepit  mercedem  excessivam  et  exiuit  a  patria. 
•  •»••••• 

Henricus  J  le  Fyscher,  messor,  cepit  mercedem  exces- 
siuam  et  cepit  tres  denarios  cum  prandio  per  diem. 

•  ••••••• 

Et  quod  Willelmus  |  le  Ledbetere  dat  mercedem 
Thome  de  Heghlegh  pro  opere  suo  vnius  diei  absque 
conuencione  septem  denarios  cum  prandio. 

m.  xiii  and  m.  22  b  (xvi)  contain  similar  indict¬ 
ments,  “  coram  Roberto  de  Legh  et  sociis  suis,”  for 
the  32nd  and  33rd  years. 

J  III.  Chester,  Palatinate  of ;  Indictment  Roll,  4.  27  Edw.  Ill 
— 1  R.  II.  45  membranes. 

Indictamenta  de  Officio  ad  Comitatum  Cestriae. 
m.  10  [33rd  year].1 

Indictamenta  operariorum  et  servientium  coram  Ro¬ 
berto  de  Leghe  per  sacramentum  Petri  de  Ardene  et 
aliorum,  qui  dicunt  super  sacramentum  suum  quod 
Hamo  le  Roder,  laborer,  et  Ricardus  filius  Iohannis 
exierunt  de  patria.  Et  quod  Tille,  filia  Radulfi  del 
Clyf,  exiuit  de  patria.  Et  quod  Iohannes  Wytkurtill, 
labarator,  cepit  mercedem  excessiuum.  Et  quod  Isa¬ 
bella  Wybot  et  Elena  del  Hurrok,  messor,  exierunt  de 

1  All  the  entries  on  this  membrane  are  of  the  33rd  year. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  149  * 

patria.  Et  quod  Alicia  Hughet,  Iohannes  Scot,  mes- 
sor,  Ricardus  le  Fycheler,  Isabella  de  Euresdale, 
messor,  Willelmus  frater  Alicie  de  Berneslegh,  exi- 
erunt  a  patria.  Et  quod  Ricardus  de  Skarchesdale, 
sutor,  Adam  de  Gaunt,  falcator,  Iohanna  de  Brunyn- 
ton,  spynner,  Agnes  le  Dycher,  Alicia  Coppok,  messor, 
Matilldis  de  Roker,  ceperunt  mercedem  excessiuum. 
Et  quod  Iohannes  de  Shepelegh,  et  Agnes  Bunnyng, 
seruiens  Ricardi  Fyton,  exierunt  a  patria.  Et  quod 
Iohannes  Doye,  fletcher,  et  Iohannes  le  Fycheler,  la¬ 
borer,  cepit  nimium  stipendium.  Et  quod  Sarra,  filia 
Ade  filii  Willelmi,  messor,  Hugo  Roberdesknave,  Mar- 
geria,  filia  Ricardi  filii  Radulfi,  Agnes  de  Weryntonj 
reper,  Henricus  de  Heppal,  falcator,  Thomas  le  shep- 
herde,  quondam  seruiens  Ricardi  Chaumpeyne  et  Wil¬ 
lelmus,  filius  Mowe  filii  Hond’,  exierunt  de  patria.  Et 
quod  Rogerus  Bugge,  taillour,  cepit  nimium  stipen¬ 
dium  etc. 

IV.  Assize  Roll,  Cornwall,  125.  32-33  Edw.  III.  8  mem¬ 

branes. 

Recorda  et  processus  Sessionis  W.  Polglas  et  R.  Cerise- 
aux  Justiciariorum  ad  ordinationes  et  Statuta  de  Opera- 
riis  et  Artificibus  custodienda. 

m.  1.  Cornub’.  Recorda  et  processus  sessionum  Willelmi 
Polglas  et  Ricardi  Ceriseaux  le  pier  iusticiariorum 
domini  Regis  ad  ordinacionem  et  statuta  de  operariis 
et  artificibus  ac  eciam  mensuris  et  ponderibus  custo¬ 
dienda  in  comitatu  predicto  assignatis. 

De  terminis  Annunciacionis  Dominice,  Sancte  Mar- 
garete,  Sancti  Michaelis  et  Sancti  Nicholai  anno  regni 
Edwardi  tercii  xxxiido,  Annunciationis  Dominice, 
Sancte  Margarete  et  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  eiusdem 
Regis  tricesimo  tercio. 

On  20  Feb.,  1358,  the  above  were  appointed  justices  of  la¬ 
bourers  and  of  weights  and  measures;  see  “List  of  justices/* 


APPENDIX 


150* 

app.,  109  and  63.  On  4  Nov.,  1359,  the  writ  of  supersedeas 
was  issued;^  app.,  31-32. 

This  roll  contains  seven  sessions  of  ten  days  each,  one  of  the 
most  complete  records  that  I  have  found ;  for  this  reason  one 
of  these  sessions  has  been  chosen  for  printing  in  full. 

m.  2.  Sessiones  predictorum  iusticiariorum  apud  Penryn, 
die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancte  Margarete,  anno 
Regis  nunc  xxxiid0. 

Quo  die  vicecomes  retornauit  preceptum  suum  ad 
plenum.  Iurati  diuersorum  hundredorum  presentant 
quod  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Arwythel,  decenna- 
rius  et  decenna  de  Keuel,  decennarius  et  decenna  de 
Treuewith,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Rosnetthon,  de¬ 
cennarius  et  decenna  de  Trelyuer,  decennarius  et  de¬ 
cenna  de  Trelan,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Trele- 
weran,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Lishard,  decennarius 
et  decenna  de  Lucyes,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Car- 
mynon,  nullos  cippos  habuerunt  in  decennis  predictis. 
Qui  quidem  decennarii  cum  decennis  predictis  exacti 
venerunt  et  allocuti  inde  hoc  contradicere  non  potu- 
erunt ;  ideo  ipsi  in  misericordia,  vt  patet  in  extractis 
liberatis  scaccario  domini  Regis  et  sic  similiter  patet  in 
eisdem  extractis  de  omnibus  amerciamentis,  finibus,  ex- 
cessubus  et  exitibus  forisfactis  coram  prefatis  iustici- 
ariis  de  omni  tempore  huiusmodi  recordi  et  processus. 
Et  predicti  decennarii  cum  decennis  suis  statim  postea 
cippos  suos  parauerunt  et  duxerunt  etc. 

Decennarius  et  decenna  de  Cleer,  decennarius  et  de¬ 
cenna  de  Sancto  Mangano,  decennarius  et  decenna  de 
Wynyanton,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Prispynnoc, 
separatim  exacti  ad  deseruiendum  curie  et  responsuri 
pro  decennis  suis  non  venerunt  quando  exacti  sunt; 
ideo  ipsi  in  misericordia  vt  patet  in  extractis.  Et  pos¬ 
tea  venerunt  et  fecerunt  presentamentum  suum  etc. 

Iohannes  de  Trethewy,  Robertus  Trefuis,  Iohannes 
Cararthek,  Ospertus  Tremogh,1  constabularii  in  diu- 


1  Twelve  others  named. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


I51  * 

ersis  parochiis  exacti  ad  reddendum  retornum  suum 
non  venerunt :  ideo  ipsi  in  misericordia,  et  postea  vene- 
runt  etc. 

Decennarius  et  decenna  manerii  de  Helliston,  decen- 
narius  et  decenna  de  Risiaren,  exacti  ad  presentamen- 
tum  etc.,. non  venerunt;  ideo  ipsi  in  misericordia.  Et 
postea  venerunt  predicti. 

Die  Martis. 

Iurati  diuersorum  hundredorum  presentant  quod 
Ricardus  Knap,  molendinarius,  Nicholaus  Rosauon, 
Dauid  Godolgban,  Rogerus  Baker,  molendinarius,  Ra- 
dulphus  Cail,  Iohannes  Peron,  Iohannes  Ospern  de 
Kenegy,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Pengersek,  Iohan¬ 
nes  Hikka,  Iohannes  Baret,  Henricus  Wydel,  Fabi- 
anus,  molendinarius,  Elias,  molendinarius,1  Iohannes 
Iargon,  carpentarius,2  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Tre- 
ros,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Penseghnans,  decenna¬ 
rius  et  decenna  de  Minstre,3  decennarius  et  decenna  de 
Tucois,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Predannoc,  decen¬ 
narius  et  decenna  de  Methele,  decennarius  et  decenna 
de  Quenna,  decennarius  et  decenna  de  Treyicthal,  Io¬ 
hannes  Fraunces,  Alanus  Tregellest,4  Iohannes  Man, 
molendinarius,  decennarius  et  decenna  manerii  de  Hel¬ 
liston,  Galfridus  Tresaglarn,5  Gilbertus  Webb,6  Ricar¬ 
dus,  molendinarius  de  Lishard,  Thomas  de  Treworgy, 
Rogerus  West,  Adam  West,  Robertus  Corny  vtebantur 
diuersis  falsis  mensuris  et  ponderibus  contra  formam 
statuti  domini  Regis  de  mensuris  et  ponderibus  editi. 
Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  attachiat  omnes 
prenominatos  contra  diem  Mercurii  proximum  apud 
Penryn. 

Die  Mercurii. 

1  Five  ethers  named.  In  this  list  and  in  those  following  I  have  printed 
all  the  names  in  connection  with  which  there  is  any  clue  to  the  occupa¬ 
tion  of  the  offender. 

2 Ten  others  named.  3  Repeated.  4  Seven  others. 

3  Fourteen  others.  6  Four  others. 


152  *  APPENDIX 

Quo  die  vicecomes  respondit  quod  predicti  Ricardus 
Knap,  Nicholaus  et  ceteri  omnes  supranominati  at- 
tachiati  sunt  per  separatas  pleuinas  etc.  Qui  omnes 
exacti  venerunt.  Et  allocuti  super  presentamentum 
predictum  dicun t  quod  non  sunt  inde  culpabiles  et  po- 
nunt  se  super  patriam.  Ideo  predictum  est  vicecomiti 
quod  statim  venire  faciat  xii  etc. ;  iuratores  inter  domi- 
num  Regem  et  personas  predictas  electi,  triati  et  iurati, 
dicunt  quod  predicti  Rogerus  West,  Adam  West  et 
Robertus  Corny  non  sunt  culpabiles.  Ideo  considera- 
tum  est  quod  eant  quieti.  Set  predicti  Ricardus  Knap, 
Nicholaus  Dauid  et  ceteri  prenominati  culpabiles  sunt; 
ideo  ipsi  arrainiantur  et  fecerunt  finem  per  diuersas 
pleuinas,  vt  patet  in  extractis  etc. 

Compertum  est  quod  Iohannes  Luky  et  Thomas  Bos- 
nail,  constabularii  parochie  Sancti  Maimani  concellant 
diuersos  operarios  et  seruitores.  Ideo  constabularii  in 
misericordia  etc.  Compertum  est  quod  Henricus  Payn 
et  Benedictus  Clak,  constabularii  parochie  Sancti  Ru- 
moni,  concellant  diuersos  operarios  et  seruitores  ac 
eciam  mensuras  et  pondera  falsa.  Ideo  dicti  constabu¬ 
larii  in  misericordia  etc. 
m.  2  d.  Die  Iouis. 

Iurati  presentant  quod  Iohannes  Clegh,  iunior, 
Nicholaa  Karn,  Dionisia  Trethak,  Thomas  Tremenhir, 
Iohanna  Nichol,  Ricardus  Gorben,  Iohannes  Coly,1 
Iohannes  Sebill,  taillour,  Iohannes  Henri,2  Iohannes, 
seruiens  Henrici  Nanfan,  Ricardus  Polgrim,3  Iohannes, 
seruiens  Thome  Mewes,  ceperunt  salaria,  mercedes  et 
lucra  excessiua  in  diuersis  ar tificiis  et  mercandisiis  suis 
contra  formam  statuti  domini  Regis  etc.  Ideo  pre- 
ceptum  est  vicecomiti  ipsos  attachiare  contra  diem 
Veneris  apud  Penryn,  quod  tunc  sint  coram  prefatis 
iusticiariis  etc. 

Compertum  est  quod  decennarius  et  decenna  de 


1  Sixteen  others. 


2  Thirty-one  others. 


3  Five  others. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


153* 

Trewrabo  mutauerunt  quemdam  bussellum  in  presen- 
cia  iusticiariorum  ad  decepcionem  curie;  ideo  ipsi  in 
misericordia. 

Die  Veneris. 

Vicecomes  respondit  quod  predicti  Iohannes  Clegh, 
Nicholaa  Karn  et  ceteri  omnes  prenominati  attachiati 
sunt  separatim  per  diuersas  pleuinas ;  et  tunc  ipsi  ex- 
acti  etc.  Predicti  Iohannes  Clegh,  iunior,  Nicholaa 
Karn,  Dionisia  Trethak  et  Thomas  Tremenhir  non 
venerunt.  Ideo  plegii  eorum  in  misericordia  etc.  Et 
preceptum  est  vicecomiti  ipsos  capere  contra  diem  Sab- 
bathi  proximum  apud  Helleston  coram  prefatis  iusti- 
ciariis  etc.  Et  predicti  Iohanna  Nichol,  Ricardus  Gor- 
ben,  Iohannes  Coly  et  ceteri  prenominati  veniunt  et 
dicunt  quod  non  sunt  culpabiles  de  hoc  quod  predicti 
iurati  superius  presentant  et  ponunt  se  super  patriam 
etc.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
xii  etc.  apud  Helleston  die  Sabbati  proximo  coram 
predictis  iusticiariis  etc. 

Iurati  diuersorum  hundredorum  presentant  quod  Pe¬ 
trus  Trewethynek,  Reginaldus  Gelon  1  Baldwinus,  mo- 
lendinarius  de  Trelan,2  Thomas,  molendinarius  de 
Treyntheus,3  Reginaldus  Beonyle,  molendinarius,4  de- 
cennarius  et  decenna  de  Merthyn,  Walterus  Trestan, 
decennarius  et  decenna  de  Keuel,5  Radulfus  vicarius 
Sancti  Constantis,  Nicholaus  Mols,6  prior  Sancti  Io- 
hannis,  Iohannes  Goflenyn,7  vtebantur  falsis  mensuris 
et  ponderibus  diuersis  contra  formam  statuti  domini 
Regis  inde  prouisi  etc.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti 
ipsos  attachiare  contra  diem  Sabbati  proxime  futurum 
apud  Helleston  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  etc. 

Die  Sabbati. 

Vicecomes  respondit  quod  predicti  Iohannes  Clegh, 

1  Eight  others.  2  Eighteen  others.  3  Twelve  others. 

4  Seven  others.  5  Ten  others. 

6 Thirteen  others.  7  Twenty-one  others. 


APPENDIX 


154* 

iunior,  Nicholaa  Karn,  Dionisia  Trethak  et  Thomas 
Tremenhir  capti  sunt  et  sunt  in  custodia  sua.  Qui  ex- 
acti  venerunt  et  allocuti  super  presentamento  predicto 
dicunt  quod  non  sunt  culpabiles  et  ponunt  se  super 
patriam  etc.  in  quam  predicti  Iohanna  Nicol,  Ricardus 
Gorben,  Iobannes  Coly  et  ceteri  socii  sui  prenominati 
se  posuerunt  etc.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod 
statim  venire  faciat  xii  etc.  ad  faciendum  iuratam  etc. 
Iuratores  inter  dominum  Regem  et  partes  predictas 
electi,  triati  et  iurati,  acquietant  predictos  Iohannem 
Clegh,  Nicbolaam  Karn,  Dionisiam  Trethak  et  Tho- 
mam  Tremenhir  de  excessubus  et  transgressionibus 
superius  presentatis.  Ideo  ipsi  quieti  recedant  etc.  Et 
predicti  Iohanna  Nicol,  Ricardus  Gorben,  Iohannes 
Coly  et  ceteri  socii  sui  prenominati  culpabiles  sunt. 
Ideo  ipsi  arrainiantur  et  fecerunt  finem  vt  patet  in  ex¬ 
tracts  liberatis  scaccario  Regis. 

Et  quoad  predictos,  Petrus  Trewethynek,  Reginaldus 
Gelon,  Iohannes  Lauri  et  ceteri  socii  sui  superius  nomi- 
nati  exacti  venerunt.  Et  allocuti  super  presentamento 
predicto  dicunt  quod  non  sunt  culpabiles  et  ponunt  se 
super  patriam.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod 
statim  venire  faciat  xii  etc.  Iuratores,  electi,  triati  et 
iurati,  dicunt  quod  predicti  Petrus,  Reginaldus  et  alii 
superius  nominati  culpabiles  sunt.  Ideo  arrainiantur 
et  fecerunt  finem  vt  patet  in  extractis. 

Ricardus  Moil  et  Daniel  Treueldras,  constabularii 
parochie  Sancte  Wendrone,  exacti  ad  deseruiendum 
curie  non  venerunt.  Ideo  ipsi  in  misericordia  etc. 

Robertus  Cararthek  conuictus  de  contemptu  et  le- 
sione  statuti  etc.  fecit  finem  vt  patet  in  extractis. 

Iurati  diuersorum  hundredorum  presentant  quod 
Gregorius,  seruiens  Willelmi  Brit,  Iohannes,  seruiens 
Iohannis  Gros,  Iohanna,  seruiens  Natalis  Pennalwyn, 
Martinus,  molendinarius,  Iohannes  Thomas,  Iohannes 
Towith,  seyner,  Thomas  Eir,  Philippus  Roger,  Lucia 
Iwynes,  Iohannes  Eir,  Iohannes  Marsely,  tanner. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  155  * 

Michael  Mallyn,  Robertas,  seruiens  Petri  Trewethynek, 
Nicholaus  Man,  Radulfus  Vyghan,  Iohannes  Meyn, 
glouer,  Nicholaus  Yust,  Pascasius  Tey,  Iohannes 
Molon,  Iohannes  Teudaunt,  seutor,  Iohannes  Hoste- 
way,  Petrus  Huy,  Iohannes  Marsely,  seruaunt,  Iohan¬ 
nes  Shorham,  webb,1  Iohannes  Brun,  taillour,  Iohannes 
Smale,  taillour,  ceperunt  et  quidam  illorum  dederunt 
salaria  et  lucra  excessiua  in  diuersis  operibus  et  arti- 
ficiis  suis  contra  formam  statuti  domini  Regis  etc. 
Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  ipsos  attachiat 
quod  sint  apud  Helleston  die  Lune  proxime  futuro 
coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  inde  responsuri. 

Daniel  Treueldras  et  Ricardus  Moil,  constabularii 
parochie  Sancte  Wendrone,  exacti  ad  reddendum  re- 
tornum  suum,  non  venerunt  debito  tempore;  ideo  ipsi 
in  misericordia. 

Radulfus  Cayl  et  Iohannes  Peron  exacti  ad  redden¬ 
dum  diuersas  mensuras  suas  non  venerunt;  ideo  ipsi 
in  misericordia.  Et  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  ipsos  dis- 
tringere  contra  diem  Lune  proxime  futurum. 

Iohannes  Ospern  de  Kenegy,  exactus  ad  reddendum 
mensuras  suas,  non  venit  quando  fuit  exactus;  ideo 
ipse  in  misericordia.  Et  postea  tarde  venit  et  reddidit. 

Die  Lune. 

Quo  die  vicecomes  respondit  quod  predicti  Grego¬ 
rius,  seruiens  Willelmi  Brit,  Iohannes,  seruiens  Iohan- 
nis  Gros  et  ceteri  socii  prenominati,  attachiati  sunt  per 
diuersas  pleuinas.  Qui  exacti  venerunt  omnes  mane, 
preter  Thomam  Eir  cuius  plegius  in  misericordia  quia 
ipsum  non  habet  etc.  Et  postea  eodem  die  predicti 
Gregorius  et  ceteri  omnes  ilia  vice  nominati  exacti 
venerunt,  et  allocuti  super  presentamento  predicto, 
dicunt  quod  non  sunt  culpabiles  et  ponunt  se  super 
patriam.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire 
faciat  xii  etc.  contra  diem  Martis  proximum  apud  Hel¬ 
leston  etc. 


1  Four  others. 


APPENDIX 


Radulfus  Cayl  et  Iohannes  Peron  exacti  ad  redden¬ 
dum  mensuras  suas  non  venerunt.  Ideo  manucaptores 
sui  in  misericordia.  Et  ipsi  forisfecerunt  excessus ;  et 
preceptum  est  vicecomiti  ipsos  distringere  contra  diem 
Martis  proxime  futurum  etc. 

Iohannes  Marsely,  seruant,  et  Iohannes  Roby,  con- 
uicti  de  transgressione,  videlicet  de  excessu  capto  con¬ 
tra  statutum,  fecerunt  finem  etc. 

lacobus  de  Beson  et  plegii  sui  in  misericordia  quia 
non  prosecutus  est  versus  Odonem  Beson  in  placito 
transgressionis. 

Iohannes  Penros  et  plegii  sui  in  misericordia  quia 
non  prosecutus  est  versus  Aliciam  Coly  in  placito 
transgressionis  etc. 

lacobus  Trefusis  et  plegii  sui  in  misericordia  quia 
non  prosecutus  est  versus  Agnetem  Kirrigan  in  placito 
transgressionis. 

Willelmus  Kakyliek  et  plegii  sui  in  misericordia  quia 
non  prosecutus  est  versus  Aliciam  Treuaichny  in  pla¬ 
cito  transgressionis. 

Walterus  Drew  de  Treuane  et  plegii  sui  in  miseri¬ 
cordia  quia  non  prosecutus  est  versus  Iohannem  Oen 
in  placito  transgressionis. 

Henricus  Synter  et  Iohanna  Synter,  conuicti  de 
transgressione  et  excessu  facto  contra  statutum,  fece¬ 
runt  finem  etc. 

Iohanna  Wilkyn,  conuicta  de  excessu  facto  contra 
statutum,  fecit  finem  etc. 

Willelmus  Polhorman  presens  in  curia  exactus  et 
preceptus  iurare  recusauit  hoc  facere;  ideo  ipse  in 
misericordia  etc.  Et  postea  iurauit. 

Compertum  est  quod  Willelmus  Polhorman  affir- 
mauit  falsam  querelam  versus  Iohannam  Peruel  in 
placito  transgressionis,  videlicet  de  eo  quod  ipsa  re¬ 
cusauit  ei  deseruire ;  ideo  ipse  in  misericordia.  Wil¬ 
lelmus  Trelouer  affirmauit  falsam  querelam  versus 
Nicholaum  Sken  in  placito  transgressionis,  videlicet  de 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


15  7* 

excessu  ab  eo  capto,  prout  compertum  est ;  ideo  ipse 
in  misericordia. 

Robertas  Cararthek  et  plegii  sui  in  misericordia  quia 
non  prosecutus  est  versus  Isabellam  Aly  in  placito 
transgressionis. 

3.  Die  Martis  viii  die  secunde  sessionis  anno  xxxiid0. 

Iurati  diuersorum  hundredorum  presentant  quod 
Iohanna  Fylet,  Galfridus  Treuethec,  Nicholaus  Pyn- 
nock,  Iohannes  Webb  de  Bodely,  Iohannes  Rucheman, 
Nicholaus  lakadou,  Nicholaus  Cadarn,  piscator,  Iohan¬ 
nes  Aly,  Iohannes  Iocelyn,  Robertus,  seruiens  Ricardi 
Cruk,1  Alicia,  seruiens  Rogeri  Capa,2  Edwardus  Webb 
de  Penryn  3  ceperunt  diversa  mercedes,  salaria  et  lucra 
excessiua  in  contemptu  statuti  domini  Regis.  Ideo 
preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  ipsos  omnes  attachiat 
contra  diem  Mercurii  proxime  futurum  apud  Helleston 
coram  iusticiariis  etc. 

Robertus  Trefuis  et  Robertus  Cararthek,  constabu- 
larii  parochie  Sancte  Wenerpe,  Iohannes  Deboner  et 
Thomas  Wern,  constabularii  parochie  Sancti  Glowiat, 
Iohannes  Michel  et  Iohannes  Amydieu,  constabularii 
ville  de  Penrin,  Thomas  Tremogh  et  Iohannes  Andru, 
constabularii  parochie  Sancti  Landi,  Iohannes  Helligoy 
et  Tudeus  Boscanan,  constabularii  parochie  Sancti  Man- 
gani,  Iohannes  Iankyn  et.  Iohannes  Hendre,  constabu¬ 
larii  parochie  Sancti  Rumoni  magni,  Benedictus  Clak 
et  Henricus  Payn,  constabularii  Sancti  Rumoni  parui, 
Robertus  Rous  et  Willelmus  Treleghyn,  constabularii 
parochie  Sancti  Sithenini,4  exacti  ad  reddendum  diu- 
ersa  retorna  pro  parochiis  predictis,  non  venerunt 
quando  exacti  fuerant;  ideo  ipsi  in  misericordia.  Et 
postea  tarde  veniunt  et  reddunt  retorna  etc. 

Petrus  Antrenon,  Willelmus  Tyrel  de  Tuomern  5 
hac  die  mane  exacti  ad  inquirendum  pro  Rege  non 

,  4  ;  ;  |  ;  r  •  :  \  1  •  tv-1*- 

Four  others.  2  Eight  others.  s  Fourteen  others. 

Constables  of  four  other  parishes  named.  5  Seven  others. 


i58* 


APPENDIX 


venerunt;  icleo  ipsi  in  misericordia.  Et  postea  eodem 
die  venerunt  et  iurati  etc. 

Iohannes  Trefuruo  et  Iohannes  Day,  constabularii 
parochie  Sancti  Budoci,  exacti  mane  ad  reddendum  re- 
tornum  suum,  non  venerunt ;  ideo  ipsi  in  misericordia. 
Et  postea  venerunt  et  reddunt  modo. 

Decennarius  et  decenna  de  Lucyes  exacti  ad  redden¬ 
dum  retorna  preceptorum  sibi  directorum  non  vene¬ 
runt  quando  exacti  fuerunt;  ideo  ipsi  in  misericordia. 
Et  postea  venerunt  etc. 

Die  Mercurii. 

Decennarius  et  decenna  de  Prispynnoc  exacti  ad 
presentandum  coram  iusticiariis  non  venerunt ;  ideo 
ipsi  in  misericordia  etc.  Ricardus  Rosewyk  conu ictus 
de  transgressione  et  contemptu  in  presencia  iusticiari- 
orum  fecit  finem  etc.  vt  patet  in  extractis  etc. 

Philippus  Iakis,  webb,  Odo  Brasigonna,  Nicholaus 
Bon,  piscator  et  Hillarius  Webb  de  Sancta  Stediana, 
conuicti  de  diuersis  excessubus  per  recognicionem  suam 
propriam  arrainiantur  et  postea  fecerunt  finem.  Et 
quoad  Iobannam  Filet,  Galfridum  Treuethec  et  ceteros 
socios  suos  prenominatos,  vicecomes  respondit  quod 
ipsi  omnes  attachiati  sunt  per  diuersas  pleuinas  etc. 
Qui  exacti  venerunt  omnes  preter  Hamundum  Hara- 
non  et  Robertum  Treyntheno  quorum  plegii  in  miseri¬ 
cordia  quia  ipsos  hac  vice  non  habent.  Et  postea 
eodem  die  ipsi  iidem  Hamundus  et  Robertus  simul  cum 
aliis  superius  nominatis  exacti  venerunt.  Et  ipsi  allo- 
cuti  de  excessubus  predictis  dicunt  quod  non  sunt  cul- 
pabiles  et  ponunt  se  super  patriam  etc.  Ideo  precep- 
tum  est  vicecomiti  quod  statim  venire  faciat  xii  etc. ; 
iuratores  inter  dominum  Regem  et  predictas  personas 
electi,  triati  et  iurati,  dicunt  quod  predicti  Hamundus 
et  Robertus  Treyntheno  non  sunt  culpabiles  de  exces- 
sibus  predictis.  Ideo  ipsi  quieti  recedant,  set  omnes 
alii  predicti  superius  nominati  sunt  culpabiles.  Ideo 
arrainiantur  et  postea  fecerunt  finem  etc. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  159  * 

Villata  de  Penrin  exacta  et  allocuta  si  haberent 
standarda  parata  prout  alias  eis  preceptum  fuit  sub 
quadam  pena.  Inde  ad  presens  nicliil  habent  paratum. 
Ideo  forisfaciant  penam  illam  etc.  prout  patet  in  ex¬ 
tracts  etc. 

Iurati  diuersorum  hundredorum  presentant  quod 
Iohanes  Watte,  webb,  Iohannes  Bonsohn,  Willelmus 
Bodek,  Iohannes  Andru,  webb,1  Iohannes  Hamely, 
piscator,2  ceperunt  diuersas  mercedes,  salaria  et  lucra 
excessiua  in  pluribus  artificiis  et  operibus  suis  in  con- 
temptu  statuti  domini  Regis  etc.  Ideo  preceptum  est 
vicecomiti  quod  ipsos  attachiat  contra  diem  Iovis  proxi- 
mum  apud  Helleston  etc. 

Die  Iouis. 

Quo  die  vicecomes  respondit  quod  predicti  Iohannes 
Watte,  Iohannes  Bonsohn,  Willelmus  Bodek  et  ceteri 
omnes  superius  nominati  attachiati  sunt  per  diuersas 
pleuinas  etc.  Qui  exacti  omnes  venerunt  et  allocuti  de 
excessubus  et  transgressionibus  predictis,  dicunt  quod 
non  sunt  culpabiles  et  ponunt  se  super  patriam  etc. 
Et  statim  ipsi  omnes  per  iuratam  triatam  et  captam 
convicti  sunt.  Ideo  arrainiantur  et  fecerunt  finem  ut 
patet  in  extractis  liberatis  scaccario  domini  Regis  etc. 

DATES  AND  PLACES  OF  SESSIONS. 

32nd,  year. 


m.  1. 

Lostwythiel. 

Monday  after  Annunciation. 

(25  March). 

Tuesday  to  Saturday. 

m.  1  d. 

Truru. 

Monday  to  Thursday. 

m.  2. 

Penryn. 

Monday  after  St.  Margaret  (20  July). 
Tuesday  to  Saturday. 

m.  2  d. 

Helleston. 

Monday  to  Thursday. 

m.  3. 

Marghasyon. 

Monday  after  St.  Michael  (29  Sept.). 
Tuesday  to  Saturday. 

1  Eighteen  others. 


2  Six  others. 


160  * 

m.  3  d. 
m.  4. 

Mousehole. 

Medeshole. 

m.  4  d. 

Oldestowe. 

m.  5. 

Bodmin. 

m.  5  d. 

m.  6. 

Cameleford. 

Stratton. 

Launceton. 

m.  6  d. 
m.  7  d. 

Callyngton. 

Leskirred. 

m.  8. 

Lostwythiel. 

APPENDIX 

Monday  to  Thursday. 

Monday  after  St.  Nicholas  (6  Dec.). 
Tuesday  to  Saturday. 

Monday  to  Thursday. 

33rd  year. 

Monday  after  Annunciation. 

(25  March). 

Tuesday  to  Saturday. 

Monday,  Tuesday. 

Wednesday,  Thursday. 

Monday  after  St.  Margaret  (20  July). 
Tuesday  to  Thursday. 

Friday  to  Thursday. 

Monday  after  St.  Michael  (29  Sept.). 
Tuesday  to  Saturday. 

Monday  to  Thursday. 


V.  Assize  Roll,  Derby,  170.  31-32  Edw.  III.  5  membranes. 

Placita  coram  Godefrido  Foljaumb  et  sociis  suis  (de  Arti- 
ficibus,  etc.). 

The  following  enrollments  explain  the  preservation  of  this 
roll : 

Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  35,  Mich.,  Breu.  Ret.,  rot.  13  d. 

Godefrido  Foliaumbe  et  sociis  suis. 

Rex  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis  Godefrido  Foliaumbe,  Rogero 
Michil  et  Iohanni  Foucher  nuper  iusticiariis  ad  ordinaciones  et 
statuta  de  operariis,  artificibus  et  seruientibus  ac  ponderibus  et 
mensuris  in  comitatu  Derb’  custodienda  assignatis,  salutem. 
Mandamus  vobis  quod  omnia  recorda  et  processus  coram  vobis 
facta  in  sessionibus  vestris  iusticiarie  predicte  habeatis  siue 
mittatis  sub  sigillis  vestris  ad  receptam  scaccarii  nostri  apud 
Westmonasterium  a  die  Pasche  proxime  futuro  in  vnum  men¬ 
sem  thesaurario  et  camerario  dicti  scaccarii  nostri  ibidem 
liberanda. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  161  * 

Teste  ut  supra  [G.  de  Wilford  x°  die  Novembris,  per 
bar  ones.] 

Ante  quem  diem  predictus  Godefridus  venit  et  habet  diem 
alibi  in  hiis  Memorandis  inter  Dies  Datos  de  hoc  termino. 
Ideo  dictum  breue  reuocatur  et  cesset. 

Derb’ 

Preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  distringat  predictos  Godefri- 
dum  Foliambe,  Rogerum  Michel  et  Iohannem  Foucher  nuper 
iusticiarios  etc.  per  omnes  terras  etc.  Ita  etc.  a  die  Pasche 
proxime  futuro  in  vnum  mensem  ad  liberandum  ibidem  omnia 
recorda  et  processus  coram  ipsis  iusticiariis  facta  1  in  session- 
ibus  suis  iusticiarie  predicte. 

Teste  vt  supra  [G.  de  Wilford  x°  die  Novembris  per  war- 
rantum  predictum]. 

Postea  videlicet  antequam  breue  emanauit  dictum  breue  re¬ 
uocatur  et  cesset  eo  quod  dictus  Godefridus  venit  et  habet  diem 
in  Memorandis  inter  Dies  Datos  de  hoc  termino. 

Cf.  also  Communia,  Mich.,  rot.  6  d,  Derb’  De  Die  Dato ; 
Datus  est  dies  Godefrido  Foliaumbe  etc. 

t 

The  first  membrane  of  the  roll  contains  a  copy  of  the  letter 
patent  of  5  Feb.,  1357,  appointing  Foljambe  and  the  others 
justices  of  labourers  and  of  weights  and  measures.  See  “List 
of  justices/'  app.,  B,  3. 

m.  1.  Pretextu  cuius  breuis  preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti 
Derb'  quod  venire  faceret  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis 
tribus  vel  duobus  eorum  apud  Derb’  die  Lune  proximo 
ante  festum  apostolorum  Philippi  et  Iacoby  de  qualibet 
wapentachia  ballive  sue  xxiiiior  etc.,  de  qualibet  villa 
quatuor  homines  et  prepositum,  et  preter  illos  tot  et 
tales  etc.  ad  inquirendum  et  excercendum  ea  que  ex 
parte  domini  Regis  eis  ibidem  iniungentur.  Et  vice- 
comes  fecit  inde  execucionem  etc. 


1  MS.  factis. 


1 62  * 


APPENDIX 


Placita  coram  Godefrido  Foliaumbe  et  sociis  suis 
iusticiariis  domini  Regis  ad  omnia  ordinaciones  et 
statuta  de  operariis  et  artificibus  et  seruientibus  ac  de 
mensuris  et  ponderibus  et  aliis  in  comissione  domini 
contentis  in  comitatu  Derb’  illata  audienda  et  termi- 
nanda  assignatis  apud  Derb’  die  Lune  proximo  ante 
festum  apostolorum  Philippi  et  Iacobi,  anno  regni 
Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  xxxi. 

Derb’ 

Presentatum  est  quod  Elias  Wareyn,  Willelmus 
Gerard,  Radulfus  le  Clerk,  Isolda  Louell 1  habent 
mensuras,  videlicet,  quilibet  eorum  unum  bussellum 
standardo  domini  Regis  non  concordatum  propter 
minuitatem  eorundem  etc. 

(The  sheriff  is  ordered  to  produce  the  above;  i.  e.,  “venire 
faciat.”) 

Die  Martis  proximo  ante  festum  Sancti  Dunstani 
anno  supradicto  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  vicecomes  retornat  quod  attachiati 
sunt  etc.  Et  modo  veniunt  per  vicecomitem  ducti  et 
allocuti  sunt  sigillatim  de  eo  quod  ipsi  habent  bussellos 
standardo  domini  Regis  non  concordatos  propter  minui¬ 
tatem  eorum.  Qui  dicunt  quod  non  possunt  dedicere  et 
ponunt  se  in  graciam  domini  Regis,  et  petunt  se  ad- 
mitti  ad  finem  cum  domino  Rege  etc.  Et  admittuntur 
quilibet  eorum  ad  xii  d.,  prout  patet  in  rotulo  finium 
etc. 

m.  1  d.  Die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Barnabe  apos- 
toli,  anno  supradicto  etc. 

Morleyston. 

Presentatum  est  per  xii  iuratos  eiusdem  wapentachie 
quod  Iohannes  J  de  Walley  cepit  ad  quarter ium  fru- 


1  Forty-five  other  names. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  163  * 

menti  pro  trituracione  iii  d;  videlicet  ad  xx  quarteria, 
et  sic  cepit  in  excessu  contra  statutum  ii  s. 

(Long  list  of  similar  offences  follows.) 

m.  2.  Morleyston. 

Presentatum  est  quod  Henricus,J  filius  Henrici  de 
Kydesley,  cepit  in  excessu  pro  vendicione  carbonis  xl  d. 
•  ••••••• 

Item  dicunt  quod  Robertus  de  Tikhull  {  de  Chelaf- 
ton  cepit  in  vendicione  calceti  contra  formam  etc.  i 
marcam. 

•  ••••••• 

1  *» 

Item  dicunt  quod  Thomas  le  Walker  J  de  Beaureper 

cepit  in  excessu  pro  falcacione  contra  formam  etc.  ii  s. 

.  Item  dicunt  quod  Robertus  de  Burley  cepit  in  excessu 

pro  fullacione  pannorum  contra  formam  statuti  ii  s. 

•  ••••••• 

1 

Item  dicunt  quod  Alicia  J  que  fuit  vxor  Ricardi  le 
Baxter  de  Long  Eyton  cepit  in  excessu  contra  formam 
etc.  in  furnacione  panis  etc.  dimidiam  marcam.  Item 
dicunt  quod  Iohannes  Staff  J  cepit  in  excessu  contra 
formam  statuti  etc.  videlicet  pro  furnacione  calceti  per 
vii  annos  iii  s.  iii  d.  Item  dicunt  quod  Iohannes, |  filius 
Petri,  cepit  in  excessu  pro  fraccione  calcati  contra  for¬ 
mam  statuti  etc.  iii  s.  iiii  d. 

Altera  Presentacio 

Presentatum  est  quod  Willelmus  le  Mulner,J  falcator, 
cepit  in  excessu  contra  formam  statuti  etc.  xii  d. 

•  ••••••• 

Item  dicunt  quod  Rogerus  de  Beaumanere,  carpenter, 
cepit  in  excessu  contra  formam  statuti  xl  d. 

•  ••••••• 

Item  dicunt  quod  Thomas  Woluet,J  couper,  cepit  in 
excessu  contra  formam  statuti  xii  d. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Iohanna  Welnet,f  seruiens,  cepit  in 
excessu  contra  formam  statuti  x  d. 


APPENDIX 


164  * 

Item  dicunt  quod  Rogerus  Clement, J  melemaker,  cepit 
in  excessu  contra  formam  statuti  iii  d. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Ricardus  de  Hethcote,  minour,  cepit 
in  excessu  contra  formam  statuti  vi  d.  Item  dicunt 
quod  Sampson  le  Minour, J  cepit  in  excessu  contra 
formam  statuti  pro  consimili  vi  d. 

m.  2  d.  Placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  etc.  apud  Bau- 
quell 1  die  Lune  proximo  ante  festum  Sancti  Petri  ad 
Vincula  anno  supradicto. 

Scaresdale. 

•  •  •  •  •••• 

Item  Ricardus  Baxter, J  Alicia,  vxor  eius,J  Robertas, 
Alius  Roberti  de  Whatton,J  Margeria,  vxor  Thome  de 
Ainslay,  Thomas  Cissor,J  Cecilia  Rauen,{  recesserunt 
a  seruicio  in  autumpno  etc. 

Item  Rogerus  Kugell,J  saghier,  et  Iohannes  Ganne,J 
schawer,  noluerunt  laborare  per  diem  et  capiunt  per 
diem  alter  eorum  v  d.  et  prandium. 

m.  3.  Placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  etc.  apud  Derb’  die 
Mercurii  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Andree  apostoli 
anno  supradicto  xxxi0. 

(Long  list  of  presentments  for  receipt  of  excess 
wages  and  prices.) 

Repyngdon. 

Item  Elena, J  vxor  Thome  Haicokene,  non  vult  ser- 
uire  vicinos  set  aliis  pro  maiori  salario  etc. 
m.  5.  Placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  etc.  apud  Derb’ 
die  Mercurii  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Marci  ewan- 
geliste  anno  xxxiido. 


1  Now  Bakewell. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  165  * 

Item  Iohannes  Faucon,J  Radulfus  Whyte, J  Willelmus 
Husse,J  conducunt  messores  et  dant  eis  salarium  ex- 
cessiuum. 


Item  Rogerus  de  Melbourne, {  faber,  renuit  seruire  vici- 
nos  et  seruit  extraneos  causa  excessiui  etc. 

Placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  etc.  apud  Derb5  die 
Iovis  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Barnabe  apostoli, 
anno  supradicto  etc. 

Item  Iohannes,J  filius  Thome,  Simon, J  filius  Thome, 
Willelmus  Baron, J  1  conduxerunt  seruientes  et  mes¬ 
sores  in  autumpno  et  optulerunt  eis  salarium  exces- 
sivum  ad  dampnum  vicinorum. 

DATES  AND  PLACES  OF  SESSIONS. 


Si st  year. 


m.  1.  Derby, 
m.  1  d. 


m.  2. 


U 


u 


m.  2  d. 


Bauquell. 

Chesterfield. 


m.  3.  Derby. 


Monday  before  St.  Philip  and  St.  James 
(1  May). 

Tuesday  before  St.  Dunstan,  archbishop 
(19  May). 

Monday  after  St.  Barnabas  (11  June). 

Tuesday  after  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 
(29  June). 

Thursday  before  Translation  of  St. 
Thomas  Martyr  (7  July). 

Monday  before  St.  Peter  ad  Vincula  (1 
Aug). 

Saturday  before  Nativity  B.  V.  M.  (8 
Sept.). 

Thursday  after  St.  Barnabas  (11  June). 

Wednesday  after  St.  Andrew  Apostle 
(30  Nov.). 


1  Nine  others,  all  of  whom  paid  fines. 


i66* 


APPENDIX 


32nd  year. 

m.3  d.1  Derby.  Monday  after  Purification  (2  Feb.). 

m.  5.  “  Wednesday  after  St.  Mark  (25  April). 

Thursday  after  St.  Barnabas  (11  June). 

J  VI.  Assize  Roll,  Devon,  195.  25-27  Edw.  III.  8  membranes. 

Inquisitiones  et  Indictamenta  coram  H.  de  Courteneye 
et  sociis  suis. 

m.  1.  Devon’ 

Dominus  Rex  mandauit  literas  suas  patentes  Hugoni 
de  Courteneye,  conuti  Deuon’,  Willelmo  de  Shareshulle, 
Iohanni  de  Stouford,  Willelmo  Daumarle,  Ricardo  de 
Birton,  Iohanni  Dabernoun,  Ricardo  de  Brankescombe 
et  Rogero  Piperel  ad  inquirendum  de  feloniis  etc.  et  ad 
audiendum  et  terminandum  in  comitatu  predicto  secun¬ 
dum  tenorem  literarum  dicti  domini  Regis  patencium 

in  presenti  rotulo  irrotulatarum  in  hiis  verbis . 

(then  follows  a  copy  of  the  letter  patent  of  15  March, 
1351,  appointing  the  above  to  the  joint  commission  of 
the  peace  and  for  labourers ;  see  “  List  of  justices,” 
app.,  B,  3). 

Virtute  cuius  mandati  iidem  Hugo  et  socii  sui  iusti- 
ciarii  predicti  inquisierunt  et  inquisiciones  et  indicta¬ 
menta  ceperunt  prout  patet  in  rotulis  huic  annexis. 

m.  2.  Deuon’  Item  sequitur  de  inquisicionibus  et  indicta- 
mentis  captis  coram  Hugone  de  Courteneye,  comite 
Deuon’  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  etc.  apud 
Barnestable,  die  Mercurii  in  festo  Sancte  Marie  Mag¬ 
dalene  anno  regni  ....  vicesimo  quinto  .  .  . 

(Presentments  by  jurors. 

Most  of  the  offences  recorded  on  this  roll  are  fel¬ 
onies.) 


lM.  4  is  much  narrower  and  shorter,  sewn  into  the  bottom  of  m.  3, 
and  seems  to  be  part  of  another  roll. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


167  * 


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m.  4.  Deuon’ 


Item  dicunt  quod  Philippus  Chopyn,  Thomas 
Bryan,  Ricardus  Doderugge,  Willelmus  Rugge  et 
Robertus  Vaggescombe  vi  et  armis  et  contra  pacem 
domini  Regis  venerunt  die  Sabbati  xviii0  die  mensis 
Maii  anno  Regis  nunc  xxvt0  apud  Chepyngtoryton 
et  ibidem  quemdam  domum  communitatis  ville  pre- 
dicte  intrauerunt,  ostium  dicte  domi  fregerunt  et 
cippum  ibidem  factum  per  preceptum  iusticiariorum 
secundum  statutum  domini  Regis  pro  seruientibus 
editum  apud  Westmonasterium  ceperunt  et  aspor- 
tarunt  in  execucionis  statuti  predicti  retardacionem 
et  domini  Regis  contemptum. 


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Inquisiciones  et  indictamenta  capta  coram  Hugone 
de  Courteneye  comite  Deuon’  et  sociis  suis  .  .  .  apud 
Exon’  die  Mercurii  post  festum  conuersionis  Sancti 

Pauli,  anno  regni  .  .  .  vicesimo  sexto . 

Item  presentant  quod  Almaricus  fitz  Waryn,  nuper 
vicecomes  Deuon’,  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  In- 
uencionis  Sancte  Crucis  anno  xxiii0  colore  ordinacionis 
et  statuti  domini  Regis  de  seruientibus,  operariis  et  arti- 
ficibus  editorum  cepit  diuersos  fines  et  redempciones 
ad  opus  suum  proprium,  videlicet  de  Iohanne  Greya  xl 
d.,  Ricardo  Stone  ii  s.,  Willelmo  Plokenet,  fabro,  v  s., 
et  de  aliis  operariis  et  artificibus  c  s. 


m.  5.  Deuon’ 

Item  sequitur  de  inquisitionibus  et  indictamentis  cap- 
tis  coram  Hugone  de  Courteneye,  comite  Deuon’  et 
sociis  suis  ....  apud  Exon’  die  Lune  proxima  post 
festum  Sancti  Swithini  anno  regni  ....  vicesimo  sexto. 

(Presentments  by  jurors.) 


APPENDIX 


1 68* 


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Item  dicunt  quod  quedam  nauis  de  Ispania  carcata 
sale  applicuit  in  portu  de  Plympmouthe  die  Sabbati 
proximo  ante  festum  Sancti  Iacobi  apostoli  anno  regni 
Regis  Edwardi  tercii  xxvito;  et  predictum  sal  per 
magistrum  et  mercatores  eiusdem  nauis  vendicione 
fuit  positum  et  Walterus  Venour,  Thomas  de  Fis- 
shacre,  Iohannes  Sely  et  Simon  Bogherewe  per  minas 
et  terrores  eisdem  magistro  et  mercatoribus  per  eos 
illatas  predictam  nauem  sic  carcatam  fecerunt  duci  ad 
partes  exteras  ad  graue  dampnum  domini  Regis  et 
populi  sui  c  li.  Et  quod  predicti  Walterus,  Thomas, 
Iohannes  et  Simon  consueti  sunt  impedire  aduentum 
nauium  carcatarum  sale  et  aliarum  mercandisarum 
volencium  applicare  in  portubus  in  comitatu  Deuonie 
et  sunt  communes  forstallatores  salis,  piscium,  ferri  et 
aliarum  mercandisarum.  Et  quod  predicti  Walterus 
et  alii  simul  cum  Ricardo  de  Wynkeleghe,  Galfrido 
Coche  et  Isabella  Bolda  de  villa  de  Plympmouthe 
emunt  sal  per  vnam  mensuram  et  vendunt  per  aliam 
ad  valenciam  ccc  li.  in  oppressionem  populi.  Item, 
vendunt  sal  per  minorem  mensuram  quam  emunt 
blada.  Item,  omnes  predicti  de  villa  de  Plymmouthe 
vendunt  vina  sua  in  ea  carius  quam  debent  capiendo 
racionabile  lucrum,  videlicet,  quamlibet  lagenam  ad  ii  d. 


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Item  dicunt  quod  Ricardus  Knyghton  de 
Toryton,  Iohannes  Calwa,  Willelmus  Walle, 
Iohannes  Paryler  de  Chipyngtorynton  (vacat 
quia  insufficiens),  venditores  vinorum,  mede,  et 
aliorum  victualium  vendunt  carnes  plus  quam 
debent  capiendo  lucrum  racionabile  contra  sta¬ 
tu  turn  domini  Regis  de  huiusmodi  venditoribus 
editum  etc. 


m.  8.  Deuon’ 

Inquisiciones  et  indictamenta  capta  coram  Hugone  de 
Courteneye  et  sociis  suis . apud  Hatherlegh  die 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  169  * 

Lune  in  crastino  Sanctorum  Ciricii  et  Iulitte  anno  regni 
. vicesimo  septimo  .  .  . 

Item  presentant  quod  vbi  Robertus  de  Holeweye  vir- 
tute  commissionis  domini  Regis  ac  precepti  iusticiari- 
orum  cepit  Margeriam  Bagge,  seruientem  et  operatri- 
cem  et  earn  iuxta  formam  mandati  sui  in  cippis  ponere 
voluit  apud  Hatherlegh  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum 
Sancti  Petroci  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  xxviito,  venit 
Robertus  de  Northleghe  et  cepit  predictam  Margeriam 
de  predicto  Roberto  Holeweye  vi  et  armis  et  contra 
pacem  domini  Regis,  inpediendo  mandatum  domini 
Regis. 

DATES  AND  PLACES  OF  SESSIONS. 

In  addition  to  the  three  sessions  printed,  the  roll  includes 
the  following:  25th  year,  Exeter,  Monday  after  St.  Peter  ad 
Vincula  (1  Aug.)  ;  m.  3.  26th  year,  Honiton,  Wednesday  after 
St.  Hilary  (13  Jan.);  m.  6.  27th  year,  Barnstable,  Monday 
after  St.  Petrocus  (4  June)  ;  m.  7. 

J  VII.  Assize  Roll,  Essex,  268.  25  Edw.  III.  27  membranes. 

Praesentationes  Juratorum. 

It  is  difficult  to  determine  the  character  of  this  roll.  It  is 
full  of  presentments  for  offences  against  the  statutes  of  labour¬ 
ers,  and  while  many  of  them  are  coram  Rege  presentments,1 
the  note  on  m.  10  as  to  Hubert  and  House  seems  to  prove  that 
at  least  some  of  the  membranes  include  proceedings  before  the 
justices  of  the  peace  and  of  labourers.  On  6  May,  1352,  they 
were  associated  to  the  joint  commission,  from  which  Hubert 
was  removed  on  10  Jan.,  1353;  see  “List  of  justices/’  app., 
B,  3. 

1  For  evidence  that  both  this  roll  and  Assize  Roll,  Essex,  267,  contain 
indictments  coram  Rege ,  cf.  app.,  F,  1. 


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APPENDIX 


170  * 

m.  I. 


Trans- 

gressio. 


Trans- 

gressio. 

Trans- 

gressio. 

Trans- 

gressio. 


m.  7. 


Hundredum  de  Chelmsford. 

(Presentments  by  jurors.) 

xiicim  presentant  quod  Arnulphus  le  Hierde  de 
Maldon,  nuper  seruiens  Iohannis  Dodebroke,  a  festo 
sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni  Regis  nunc  xxiiii0  vsque 
festum  Sancti  Michaelis  proxime  sequens  xxv  per  i 
annum  et  per  i  quarterium  vnius  anni  proxime  se¬ 
quens  et  per  totum  illud  tempus  dictus  Arnulphus 
cepit  vnum  quarterium  frumenti  ad  xii  septimanas  et 
v  solidos  per  annum  pro  stipendio  suo.  Item  cepit  a 
festo  Sancti  Petri  Aduincula  vsque  ad  festum  Natalis 
Domini  eodem  tempore  x  s.  vltra  ea  que  superius 
cepit.  Et  super  hoc  dictus  Arnulphus  ab  officio  suo 
ante  finem  termini  recessit  ad  dampnum  dicti  Iohannis 
xl  s.  contra  statutum  etc. 

Item  presentant  quod  Robertus  Grys  de  Daneweby, 
pottere,  facit  ollas  ereas  et  vendit  ad  triplex  contra 
statutum  etc.  quam  solebat  in  oppressionem  populi. 
Item  dicunt  quod  Iohannes  Sextayn,  iunior,  sissor, 
Iohannes  Banestrat,  cissor,  Rogerus  atte  Tye  de 
Magna  Badewe,  capiunt  salaria  pro  laboribus  suis  de 
diuersis  gentibus  contra  statutum  etc.  et  hac  tripliciter 
quam  capere  consuebant. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Willelmus  Denk,  seruiens  Galfridi 
Fabri,  le  smyth,  cepit  de  dicto  Galfrido  xx  s.  per 
annum  et  est  ad  mensam  et  iuratus  fuit  coram  Iohanne 
de  Sutton  et  sociis  suis  seruire  secundum  statutum 
etc.  vbi  non  caperet  nisi  viii  s.  etc. 

Magna  Inquisicio. 

Item  ils  presentent  qe  par  la  ou  ordeine  est  par 
monsire  Iohan  de  Sotton  e  ces  compaignouns  iustysis 
nostre  seignur  le  Roy  qe  nul  draggere  ne  deuoit  pren¬ 
dre  petit  ostres  apelles  brodis  en  destruccion  dil  ewe 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  iyi  * 

la  ou,  Iohan  Blood,  Iohan  Chercheman  puisne  1  prys 
Trans-  teles  petyte  ostres  en  destruccioun  del  ewe  nienf 
gressio.  counire  esteaunt  le  ordinaunce  auauntdit  e  refusunt 
seruyr  come  ils  soleuint  faire  cause  de  lour  graunt 
gayn . 

Item  ils  presentent  qe  Thomas  Morman  de  Tillyng- 
ham  est  vn  fauchour  des  prees  e  vn  commun  laborere 
Trans-  e  ad  prys  de  diuerce  geanz  outragousement  pur  son 
gressio.  louer  puis  cele  temps  qe  il  fust  iure  deuaunt  monsire 
Iohan  de  Stotton  e  ces  compaignouns,  ceste  a  sauoir 
de  Iohan  Gold  de  Tillyngham  e  de  Thomas  Schort,  e 
des  altres  pur  le  acre  de  pree  a  faucher  ix  d.  bien  a 
la  mountance  de  xx  s.  ou  plus  outre  ceo  qe  il  deuoit 
auoir  pris  par  lestatut. 

Item  ils  presentent  qe  Robert  Totereg  de  Burnham, 
laborer,  Iohan  Totereg,  couerour  des  mesouns,  Iohan 
Boregh,  laborer,  Thomas  Sare,  laborer,  refusunt 
douerer  ascun  manere  douereine  saunz  ceo  qe  ils 
porrount  prendre  a  double  outre  ceo  qe  est  ordeine 
par  lestatut  en  enpouericement  du  puple. 

•  ••«•••• 

m.  8.  Magna  Inquisicio. 

Item  ils  presentent  qe  Iohan  Gabon,  vicare  de  Nasyng, 
ne  veut  feare  a  nuly  le  sacrement  des  epposaylis  si  il 
ne  eyt  de  chescun  baroun  v  s.  ou  vi  s.,  e  en  ceste 
manere  par  extorcioun  ad  le  dit  Iohan  pris  de  Iohan 
Wakerild  iiii  s.  x  d.,  de  William  Gurteber  v  s.,  de 
Iohan  Mabely  ix  s.,  e  de  plusours  autres  a  la  mount- 
aunce  de  xx  s.  en  oppressioun  du  puple  attort  et  en- 
cuntre  la  pes. 

•  ••••••• 

Item  presentant  quod  Johannes  Hindercle  cepit  de  sti- 


1  Five  others. 


172 


APPENDIX 


pendio  de  Rectore  de  Perudon  pro  tempore  Augusti 
hoc  anno  contra  statutum  x  s. 

m.  9.  Magna  Inquisicio. 


Trans- 

gressio. 


Item  ils  presentent  qe  Peris  Poynaunt  de  Epyning  est 
un  ten  our  de  carwis  1  e  prent  ble  e  salarie  encontre 
lestatut. 


Trans- 

gressio. 


Item  ils  presentent  qe  Iohan  Skennere  de  Morton  est 
pelletere  et  vend  pelure  et  gauns  trocher  encontre 
lestatut. 


m.  10.  Magna  Inquisicio. 

(Many  trespasses  “contra  pacem,”  thefts  etc.) 


Trans- 

gressio. 


Trans- 

gressio. 


Item  dicunt  quod  Iohannes  Hankyn  est  communis 
« 

laborator  et  fuit  in  seruicio  prioris  de  Hatfeld  Regis 
a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  Archangeli  anno  Regis  nunc 
xxiiiit0  vsque  festum  Pasche  tunc  proxime  sequens 
per  dimidium  annum  ad  mensam  dicti  prioris.  Et 
cepit  de  eodem  priore  pro  stipendio  dimidii  anni  xviii 
s.  contra  statutum  domini  Regis  de  laboratoribus  et 
artificibus  ordinatum. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Iohannes  Hardrybb  Pypere  de 
Parua  Waltham  est  communis  laborator  et  capit  ex- 
cessiue  contra  statutum  domini  Regis  de  laboratoribus 
et  artificibus  ordinatum,  videlicet,  capit  per  diem  iiii  d. 
Et  eciam  idem  Iohannes  de  seruicio  Iohannis  Clyue 
ante  terminum  suum  contra  statutum  domini  Regis 
recedit.  Et  eciam  idem  Iohannes  statutum  domini 
Regis  de  laboratoribus  et  artificibus  ordinatum  con- 
tradicit  in  contemptum  Regis  et  in  fauorem  2  aliorum 
laboratorum. 

Prima  cedula  liberatur  per  Thomam  Hubert  et  I. 
House. 


1  Probably  a  ploughman;  cf.  “tentor  caruce,"  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  4. 
s MS.  fauore. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


173 


* 


VIII.  Assize  Roll,  Hereford,  312.  29-31  Edw.  III.  8  mem¬ 

branes. 

Placita  (de  Operariis,  etc.)  coram  Willelmo  de  Frome 
et  aliis. 

Writ  attached  to  the  roll: 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dominus  Hi- 
bernie  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis  Willelmo  Frome  et  sociis  suis 
ad  statuta  de  artificibus,  laboratoribus  et  seruientibus  ac  de 
ponderibus  et  mensuris  abusis  edita  conseruanda  in  comitatu 
Hereford’  assignatis,  salutem.  Cum  certis  de  causis  per  breue 
nostrum  vobis  mandauerimus  quod  execucioni  commissionis 
nostre  vobis  de  premissis  facte  vlterius  faciende  supersederetis, 
vobis  mandamus  firmiter  iniungentes  quod  omnia  recorda,  rotu- 
los,  memoranda  et  processus  sessiones  vestras  de  premissis  tan- 
gencia  nobis  in  cancellariam  nostram  citra  quindenam  Sancti 
Hillarii  proxime  futuram  vel  in  eadem  quindena  ad  vltimum, 
mittatis  et  hoc  breue.  Et  hoc  sub  pena  centum  librarum  nuila- 
tenus  omittatis. 

Teste  Thoma  filio  nostro  carissimo  custode  Anglie  apud 
Westmonasterium,  quinto  die  Nouembris,  anno  regni  nostri 
Anglie  tricesimo  tercio,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie  vicesimo. 

The  first  membrane  contains  a  copy  of  a  letter  patent,  dated 
2  Sept.,  29  Edw.  Ill,  appointing  Frome,  Oldecastel  and  Mony- 
ton  justices  of  labourers  and  of  weights  and  measures;  the 
Patent  Rolls  for  this  year  show  duplicate  commissions,  dated 
2  Oct.  and  20  Dec.  respectively;  see  “List  of  justices,”  app., 

B,  3- 

m.  1.  Pretextu  cuius  commissionis  preceptum  est  vicecomiti 
quod  venire  faciat  coram  nobis  apud  Hereford’  die  Lune 
proxima  post  festum  Natiuitatis  beate  Marie  proxime 
futurum  viginti  et  quatuor  probos  et  legales  homines  de 
quibuslibet  ciuitate  et  hundredo  tocius  comitatus,  con- 
stabulos  et  subconstabulos  pacis  ad  audiendum  et  faci¬ 
endum  quod  ex  parte  domini  Regis  eis  esset  iniungen- 
dum. 


APPENDIX 


Placita  coram  Willelmo  cle  Frome,  Iohanne  de  Oldecastel  et 
Hu  gone  de  Monynton  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  ad  ordinacionem 
et  statutum  de  operariis  et  artificibus  in  comitatu  Hereford' 
conseruanda  assignatis  apud  Hereford’  die  Lune  proximo  post 
festum  Natiuitatis  beate  Marie  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
a  conquestu  vicesimo  nono. 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faceret  coram  nobis 
hie  ad  hunc  diem  viginti  probos  et  legales  homines  de  quibus- 
libet  ciuitate  et  hundredo  tocius  comitatus,  constabularies  et 
subconstabularios  pacis  ad  audiendum  et  faciendum  quod  ex 
parte  domini  Regis  eis  esset  iniungendum. 

Et  modo  vicecomes  respondet  quod  mandatum  istud  in  om¬ 
nibus  est  executum. 

Hereford’. 

Iuratores  presentant  quod  Iohannes  Monyword  de  Hereford, 
textor,  cepit  de  Iohanne  Spicer  de  eadem  excessum  pro  artificio 
suo  anno  xxviii0,  videlicet  pro  vlna  ii  d.  obolum,  et  quod  est 
communis  captor  excessus.  .  .  . 

Nicholaus  le  Webbe,  textor,  Robertus  Plassh,  textor,  .  .  .  .  1 
ceperunt  plus  pro  artificio  suo  contra  ordinacionem  etc.,  quam 
capere  solebant  annis  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  xx  et  xxi,  et 
sunt  communes  et  notorii  captores  excessus. 

(One  hundred  and  two  2  other  individuals  are  presented  for 
similar  offences,  representing  the  following  occupations :  car- 
pentarius,  daubere,  filatrix,  communis  operarius,  kembestere, 
communis  operatrix,  netrix,  operarius  diurnus,  aquebanilatrix, 
cardestere,  seruiens  triennalis,  textor,  hokkestere,  cissor,  four- 
bour,  falcator,  textrix,  triturator,  skynnere,  shapestere,  mestrix, 
menbranator,  cirotecarius,  fullo,  tegulator.) 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat  omnes  pre- 
nominatos  artifices,  operarios  et  seruitores  coram  nobis  hie  die 
Martis  sequente  ad  respondendum  domino  Regi  de  excessubus 
et  transgressionibus  predictis.  Et  omnes  predicti  textores,  ful- 

1  Eight  other  “  textores. ” 

sOne  hundred  and  twelve  in  all  therefore. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  175  * 

lones  et  carpentarii  gratis  veniunt  et  allocuti  qualiter  se  velint 
acquietare  de  excessubus  et  transgressionibus  de  quibus  indic- 
tati  sunt  vt  patet  supra,  excessus  non  dedicunt,  se[d]  petunt  se 
admitti  in  graciam  domini  Regis.  Et  admissi  sunt  ad  finem 

faciendum  etc.  Plegii  de  finibus . 

(Five  pledges  are  named;  then  follow  the  sums  of  the  fines 
of  43  delinquents,  beginning  with  Iohannes  Monyword,  10  s. ; 
half  mark,  5  s.,  2  s.,  5  s.,  40  d.,  12  d.,  15  d.,  3  s.,  3  s.,  2  s.,  2  s., 
half  mark,  3  s.,  40  d.,  40  d.,  3  s.,  3  s.,  2  s.,  6  d.,  6  d.,  6  d., 
40  d.,  18  d.,  2  s.,  2  s.,  12  d.,  2  s.,  12  d.,  2  s.,  12  d.,  4  s.,  40  d., 
half  mark,  4  s.,  8  s.,  12  d.,  4  s.,  8  s.,  half  mark,  8  s.,  12  d.,  3  s.) 

m.  1  d.  Placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  apud  Hereford’, 
die  Martis  proxima  post  festum  Natiuitatis  beate  Marie, 
anno  supradicto. 

(The  sheriff  is  ordered  to  produce  the  rest  of  those 
indicted.)  Et  modo  vicecomes  respondet  per  returnum 
Walteri  de  Ayleston,  balliui  libertatis  ville  Herefordie, 
quod  omnes  predicti  plastarii,  tegulatores,  Rogerus  de 
Stafford  1  et  cirotecarii  attachiati  sunt  etc.  Et  de  om¬ 
nibus  aliis  operariis,  seruitoribus  et  artificibus  respon¬ 
det  quod  nichil  habent  per  quod  possunt  attachiari. 
Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  capiat  predictos 
operarios,  seruitures  et  artifices  et  eos  saluo  custodiri 
[faciat]  ita  quod  habeat  corpora  eorum  hie  coram  nobis 
die  Mercurii  proxime  sequente  ad  respondendum  dom¬ 
ino  Regi  de  transgressionibus  et  excessubus  predictis. 
Et  Rogerus  de  Stafford  et  omnes  alii  plastarii,  tegula¬ 
tores  et  cirotecarii  veniunt  et  allocuti  qualiter  se  ac- 
quietabunt  de  excessubus  et  transgressionibus  de  quibus 
indictati  sunt  respondent  et  dicunt  quod  non  sunt  cul- 
pabiles  et  super  hoc  ponunt  se  super  patriam.  Post- 
modum  predictus  Rogerus  et  omnes  alii  per  iusticiarios 
examinati  separatim  de  excessubus  predictis  eosdem 
excessus  non  dedicunt.  Et  quia  compertum  est  pre- 


1  “  Menbranator  the  only  one. 


APPENDIX 


176  * 

dictum  Rogerum  et  omnes  alios  transgressiones  suas 
recognouisse,  ideo  adiudicantur  prisone  quousque  finem 
fecerint  de  predictis  excessubus.  Et  predicti  Rogerus 
et  alii  finem  fecerunt  pro  excessubus  suis  per  plegium 
Henrici  Baggere,  Willelmi  Carles  et  cuiuslibet  alterius, 
videlicet,  Rogerus  de  Stafford,  ii  s.  (Twenty-four 
names  follow  of  delinquents  fined  various  sums :  6  d., 
12  d.,  2  s.,  6  d.,  6  d.,  half  mark,1  40  d.,  2  s.,  2  s., 
12  d.,  12  d.,  12  d.,  12  d.,  12  d.,  12  d.,  6  d.,  12  d., 
2  s.,  2  s.,  2  s.,  2  s.,  4  s.,  4  s.,  1 2  d.) 

Placita  coram  prefato  Willelmo  et  sociis  suis  iusticia- 
riis  etc.  apud  Hereford’,  die  Mercurii  proximo  post 
festum  beate  Marie  anno  supradicto. 

(Sheriff  ordered  to  produce  those  who  could  not  be 
attached.)  Et  modo  vicecomes  respondet  per  Wal- 
terum  de  Ayleston  balliuum  libertatis  ville  Hereford’ 
quod  Cristina  atte  Walle  (etc.)  .  .  .2  capti  sunt  etc. 
Et  de  omnibus  aliis  operariis,  seruientibus  et  artificibus 
respondet  quod  non  inuenti  sunt  etc.  Ideo  preceptum 
est  vicecomiti  quod  exigi  faciat  omnes  prenominatos 
operarios  et  seruientes  de  comitatu  in  comitatum  quous¬ 
que  etc.  si  non  comparuerint,  et  si  comparuerint  tunc 
eos  capiat  et  saluo  etc.  quod  habeat  corpora  eorum  hie 
coram  nobis,  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Purifica- 
cionis  beate  Marie  Virginis  ad  respondendum  domino 
Regi  de  transgressionibus  et  excessubus  contra  statutum 
domini  Regis  etc. 

m.  2.  (Christina  atte  Walle  (6  d.),  Philippus  Ewyas  (12 
d.)  etc.,3  who  had  been  “  capti,”  had  pleaded  not 
guilty  and  asked  for  a  trial  by  jury.) 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
coram  nobis  hie  ad  diem  Veneris  proximum  post  festum 

1 A  tiler.  2  Fifteen  others^see  supra ,  p.  175*. 

3  The  fourteen  others  just  referred  to;  all  have  fines  entered  over  their 


names. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


*77 


* 


Sancte  Lucie  Virginis  xii  liberos  et  legales  homines  de 
visneto  de  Hereford’  et  qui  predictos  Cristinam,  Philip- 
pum  et  alios  nulla  affinitate  attingant  ad  faciendum 
recognicionem  illam.  Et  interim  predicti  Cristina, 
Philippus  et  alii  liberantur  per  iusticiarios  per  manu- 
capcionem  Iohannis  de  Maurdyn,  Iohannis  Whitfeld  et 
Eawardi  le  Webbe.  Ad  quern  diem  Veneris  predicti 
Cristina,  Philippus  et  alii  veniunt.  Et  iurati  de  con¬ 
sensu  parcium  electi  et  triati  veniunt  et  dicunt  quod 
omnes  predicti  sunt  culpabiles  de  excessubus  predictis. 
Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  predicti  indictati  commit- 
tantur  prisone  quousque  finem  fecerint  etc.  Et  vlterius 
iidem  iurati  onerantur  ad  plenius  inquirendum  de  oper- 
ariis,  seruitoribus  et  artificibus  etc.  iuxta  formam  ordi- 
nacionis  et  statuti  domini  Regis  inde  factorum,  et  ad 
reddendum  veredictum  suum  inde  hie  coram  nobis  die 
Sabbati  proxime  sequente  sub  periculo  quod  etc.  Et 
Cristina  atte  Walle  et  omnes  alii  finem  faciunt  cum 
domino  Rege  pro  excessubus  predictis. 

Plegii  de  fine  continentur  in  extractis  et  fines  eorum 
intitulantur  supra  etc. 

Placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  apud  Hereford’  die 
Sabbati  proximo  post  festum  Sancte  Lucie  Virginis 
anno  supradicto. 

(Meanwhile  there  had  been  more  presentments  of 
“  seruientes  et  operarii  ”  for  receipt  of  excess  wages.) 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
omnes  prenominatos  seruientes  et  operarios  hie  coram 
nobis  die  Veneris  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Hillarii 
ad  respondendum  domino  Regi  de  exitubus  predictis. 
Ad  quern  diem  Veneris  vicecomes  respondet  per  Wal- 
terum  de  Aileston  balliuum  libertatis  ville  Hereford’ 
quod  Henricus  le  Hope1  (etc.)  nichil  habent  per  quod 


1  Twenty-five  others. 


APPENDIX 


178  * 

possint  attachiari.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod 
capiat  predictos  Henricum,  Isabellam  et  omnes  alios  si 
etc.,  et  eos  saluo  etc.  ita  quod  liabeat  corpora  eorum 
hie  coram  nobis  die  Sabbati  proxime  sequente  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  domino  Regi  de  placito  predicto.  Et  de 
aliis  respondet  quod  attachiati  sunt  etc.  Et  .  .  .  .  veni- 
unt.'  Et  allocuti  qualiter  se  acquietabunt  de  excessu- 
bus  etc.  dicunt  quod  non  sunt  inde  culpabiles.  Et  po- 
nunt  se  super  patriam.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti 
quod  venire  faciat  hie  coram  nobis  ad  diem  Sabbati  in 
crastino  xii  liberos  et  legales  homines  de  ciuitate  Here¬ 
ford’  qui  nec  predictos  etc.  ad  faciendum  recognicionem 
illam.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est  partibus  predictis.  Ad 
quern  diem  Sabbati  predicti  seruientes  et  operarii  veni- 
unt  et  iurati  remanent  in  defectu  Ricardi  de  Aileston 
(vi  d.),  Iohannis  le  Tannere  (vi  d.),  Thome  Loue  (vi 
d.),  Iohannis  de  Brugge  (vi  d.),  Thome  Salesbury  (vi 
d.)  et  Henrici  Clere  (vi  d.).  Ideo  ipsi  et  manucap- 
tores  eorum  1  in  misericordia.  Et  preceptum  est  vice¬ 
comiti  quod  distringat  predictos  Ricardum,  Iohannem 
etc.  iuratos  per  omnes  terras  etc.  Ita  quod  etc.  et  quod 
de  exhibits  etc.  Et  quod  habeat  corpora  eorum  hie 
coram  nobis  die  Lune  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Mathie  Apostoli  ad  faciendum  recognicionem  illam. 
Et  vicecomes  apponit  sex  tales  ne  etc.  Et  idem  dies 

datus  est  ceteris  iuratis  et  partibus  predictis . 

Et  modo  vicecomes  respondet  per  predictum  balliuum 
quod  omnes  predicti  non  sunt  inuenti  etc.  Ideo  pre¬ 
ceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  exigi  faciat  omnes  predictos 
seruientes  [et]  operarios  de  comitatu  in  comitatum 
quousque  secundum  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  An- 
glie  vtlagentur  et  wayventur  si  non  etc.  Et  si  com- 
paruerint  etc.  tunc  eos  capiat  et  saluo  etc.  ita  quod 
habeat  corpora  eorum  hie  coram  nobis  die  Veneris 
proximo  post  festum  Sancte  Trinitatis  ad  responden¬ 
dum  domino  Regi  de  excessubus  predictis. 


1  MS.  eius. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


179  * 

Iohanna  Fetitz,  Matillis,  vxor  Bartholomei  Pipe,  et 
plures  alii  qui  indictati  sunt  supra  de  excessubus  et  ea 
occasione  in  exigendo  positi  vt  patet  supra  in  processu 
facto  die  Mercurii  post  festum  Nativitatis  beate  Marie 
anno  xxix,1  reddiderunt  se  interim  et  fecerunt  finem 
cum  domino  Rege  pro  excessubus  predictis  vt  patet  in 
rotulo  de  finibus  et  amerciamentis. 

m.  2  d.  Placita  coram  prefatis  Willelmo,  Iohanne  et  Hugone 
iusticiariis  etc.  apud  Hereford’  die  Lune  proximo  post 
festum  Sancti  Mathie  apostoli  anno1  .  .  .  xxxm0. 

(Sheriff  who  had  been  ordered  to  distrain  the  delin¬ 
quent  jurors  replied)  :  quod  mandauit  balliuis  liber tatis 
ville  Hereford’  qui  habent  returnum  omnium  breuium 
qui  nichil  inde  fecerunt.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti 
quod  non  omittat  propter  libertatem  predictam  quin  in- 
grediatur  et  distringat  predictos  iuratores  per  omnes 
terras  et  catalla  sua  etc.,  et  quod  habeat  corpora  eorum 
hie  coram  nobis  die  Martis  proxime  sequente  ad  faci¬ 
endum  iuratam  illam,  et  vicecomes  apponit  sex  tales  etc. 
ne  etc.  Et  predictus  Philippus  Heen  2  et  omnes  alii 
veniunt.  Et  idem  dies  Martis  datus  est  eis  ad  audien- 
dum  veredictum  suum.  Et  interim  Willelmus  le  Hos- 
tilere  et  Alicia  vxor  eius3  .  .  .  qui  se  posuerunt  in 
inquisicionem  illam  veniunt  et  ponunt  se  in  graciam 
domini  Regis  etc.  Plegii  de  finibus.  ...  4 

Adhuc  placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  apud  Here¬ 
ford’  die  Martis  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Mathie 
apostoli,  anno  supradicto. 

Philippus  Heen  et  Matillis  vxor  eius  ....  6  qui  se 
posuerunt  in  inquisicionem  modo  veniunt  et  iuratores 
electi  et  triati  veniunt  et  dicunt  quod  omnes  predicti 
sunt  culpabiles  de  excessubus  predictis.  Et  omnes  pre- 

1  Supra,  p.  176*.  2  See  supra ,  p.  178*. 

3  Eleven  others;  see  ibid.  4  Seven  pledges  named. 

‘Twenty-six  others;  see  supra ,  p.  178*. 


i8o  * 


APPENDIX 


dicti  veniunt  et  petunt  se  admitti  ad  finem  faciendum 
pro  excessubus  illis.  Et  admissi  sunt  per  plegium  .  .  . 1 
vt  plenius  patet  in  extractis. 

Henricus  le  Hopere  .  .  .2  in  exigendo  positi,  vt  patet 
supra,  modo  veniunt  et  reddunt  se  iusticie.  Et  petunt 
se  admitti  in  graciam  domini  Regis  pro  excessubus  pre¬ 
dicts.  Et  admissi  sunt  in  graciam  per  plegium  .  .  .3 
et  aliorum  quorum  nomina  plenius  continentur  in  ex¬ 
tractis. 

Adhuc  placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  apud  Here¬ 
ford’,  die  Veneris  in  septimana  Trinitatis,  anno  supra- 
dicto. 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  quod  exigere  faceret  Hen- 
ricum  le  Hopere  .  .  . 4  de  comitatu  in  comitatum  etc. 
quousque  si  non  etc.  Et  si  comparuerint  etc.  tunc  eos 
caperet.  .  .  .  Et  modo  vicecomes  respondet  quod  omnes 
predictos  exigi  fecit  de  comitatu  in  comitatum  etc., 
videlicet  ad  comitatum  tentum  in  castro  Herefordie  die 
Sabbati  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Vincencii  anno 
....  xxix  primo  exacti  fuerunt  et  non  comparuerunt ; 
ad  comitatum  tentum  in  eodem  castro  Herefordie  die 
Sabbati  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Valentini  anno 
.  .  .  xxx,  secundo  exacti  fuerunt.  Et  Henricus  le  Ho¬ 
pere  ...  6  comparuerunt  et  tulerunt  sibi  mandatum 
predictorum  iusticiariorum  de  supersedendo.  Et  ideo 
nichil  vlterius  de  eis  actum  fuit.  Processus  quorum 
patet  supra.  Et  respondet  quod  omnes  alii  non  com¬ 
paruerunt  ad  comitatum  tentum  in  eodem  castro  die 
Sabbati  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  Gregorii  Pape 
anno  xxx;  [ideo]  tercio  exacti  fuerunt,  et  non  com¬ 
paruerunt  ad  comitatum  tentum  in  eodem  castro  die 
Sabbati  in  septimana  Passionis  Domini  anno  supra- 
dicto;  [ideo]  quarto  exacti  fuerunt.  Et  Iohannes  de 

1  Seven  pledges.  1  Fourteen  others;  see  supra ,  pp.  1 77*— 1 78*. 

*  Nine  pledges.  4Twenty-five  others;  see  supra ,  pp.  I77*-I78*. 

5  Fourteen  others;  see  note  2. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


181  * 


Webbeleye  ... 1  comparuerunt  et  reddiderunt  se  pris- 
one  domini  Regis  etc.  Et  Ricardus  de  Oxneford, 
Thomas  de  Brechonia  et  Dauid  de  Wyggenore  non 
comparuerunt,  ideo  in  pleno  comitatu  presentibus  coro- 
natoribus  vtlagati  fuerunt.  Et  omnes  predicti  Iohannes 
de  Webbeleye  et  alii  veniunt  et  allocuti  qualiter  se 
velint  acquietare  .  .  .  ponunt  se  in  graciam  domini 
Regis  etc.  Plegii  de  finibus . 2 

3  d.  Placita  apud  Bodenham  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis 
die  Sabbathi  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  Bartholomei 
apostoli  anno  xxxmo. 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faceret  coram 
nobis  hie  ad  hunc  diem  xx  probos  et  legales  homines 
de  villatis  de  Bodenham,  Maurdyn,  et  Sutton  ad  audi- 
endum  et  faciendum  quod  ex  parte  domini  Regis  eis 
esset  iniungendum.  Et  modo  vicecomes  mandat  quod 
mandatum  istud  in  omnibus  est  executum. 

Iurati  presentant  quod  Margeria  le  Webbe  (xii  d.), 
Isabella  Don  (vi  d.),  Walterus  le  Walsh  (xii  d.),  Isa¬ 
bella,  vxor  eius  (vi  d.),  Agnes  Bogge  (vi  d.)  et  Alicia 
le  Honte  (vi  d.),  textrices  et  shappesters  de  Boden¬ 
ham,  Iohannes  Wys  (ii  s.),  Gilbertus,  frater  eius  (xviii 
d.),  Willelmus  le  Holdare  (xii  d.),  Stephanus  le  Swon 
(xii  d.),  cissores;  Iohannes  le  Coke  (xii  d.),  Willel¬ 
mus  le  Walkare  (ii  s.),  fullonarius;  Iohannes  le  Sou- 
tore  (xii  d.),  Iohannes  Don,  senior  (xii  d.),  Iohannes 
Mody  (xii  d.),  sutores;  Iohannes  Stelle  (ii  s.),  Wil¬ 
lelmus  Baderon  (ii  s.),  Walterus  Fillott  (xii  d.),  tri- 
turarii;  Iohannes  Senegere  (iii  s.),  Phillippus  Potel 
(xii  d.),  Walterus  le  Soutere  (xii  d.),  Iohannes  Illing 
(xii  d.),  Iohannes  le  Shepherde  (xii  d.),  falcator;  Io¬ 
hannes  Ferthing  (xii  d.),  Iohannes  Boidekyn  (xii  d.); 
Iohannes  le  Smyth  (viii  d.),  fabri ;  Rogerus  le  Whyte 
(xii  d.),  Iohannes  Kempe  (xii  d.),  Willelmus  le  Smyth 

Seven  others;  see  supra ,  pp.  I77*-I78*.  *  Five  pledges. 


l8 2  * 


APPENDIX 


(xii  cL),  Iohannes  Keysham  (vi  d.),  Iohannes  Cole- 
brugge  (ii  s.),  Iohannes  le  Beest  (ii  s.),  Walterus  le 
Taillour  (ii  s.),  Walterus  Blanchard,  Iohannes  Blisse, 
Hugo  Symondes  (xii  d.),  Willelmus  le  Longe  (xii  d.), 
messores,  seruientes  et  operarii  de  eadem  villata. 

Item  presentant  quod  Iohanna  Sterre  (xii  d.),  Mir- 
cus  Prat  (xii  d.),  Iohanna  Goche  (xii  d.),  Alicia  in  le 
More  (x  d.),  Alicia,  vxor  Iohannis  le  Holdere  (vi  d.), 
textrices  et  Matrices  de  villata  de  Maurdyn,  Stephanus  le 
Webbe  (vi  d.),  Walterus  le  Smyth  (xviii  d.),  Ricardus 
Hoseye  (vi  d.),  Dauid,  seruiens  Willelmi  le  Walkare 
(xii  d.),  fullonarii;  Walterus  in  le  Lone  (vi  d.),  Wil¬ 
lelmus  Love  (xii  d.),  Ricardus  Dygon,  Rogerus  Meysey 
(xii  d.),  Walterus  le  Longe  (xii  d.),  cissores;  Rogerus 
le  Webbe  (xii  d.),  Iohannes  le  Walshknaue  (xl  d.), 
Thomas  Pouke  (xl  d.),  carnifices;  Iohanna  in  le  More 
(xii  d.),  et  Alicia  Loue  (xii  d.),  seruientes,  plus  cepe- 
runt  pro  artificiis  et  seruiciis  suis  etc. 

Item  presentant  quod  Rogerus  le  Webbe,  Ricardus 
Chede,  textores;  Walterus  de  Nasshe,  Walterus,  seru¬ 
iens  Roberti  Knyth,  Iohannes  le  Walsch  et  Willelmus 
Walford,  seruientes  et  operarii  de  villata  de  Sutton, 
Agnes  Thorald,  Alicia  de  Stone,  Isabella,  vxor  Roberti 
le  Dryuere,  et  Margeria  Gladewyn,  messores  de  eadem 
villata,  plus  ceperunt  pro  seruiciis  et  artificiis  contra 
ordinacionem  etc.  quam  solebant  annis  ante  pestilen- 
ciam  etc.  ideo  etc.  Et  omnes  predicti  seruientes  et  arti¬ 
fices  de  villatis  de  Bodenham  et  Maurdyn  gratis  veniunt 
et  ponunt  se  in  graciam  domini  Regis,  preter  Iohannem 
le  Blys,  Walterum  Blanchard  et  Ricardum  Dygun.  Et 
ipsi  non  veniunt.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod 
venire  faciat  predictos  Iohannem  (vi  s.),  Walterum  (ii 
s.)  et  Ricardum  Dygun  ac  eciam  Rogerum  le  Webbe 
(xii  d.)  Ricardum  Chede  (xii  d.),  Walterum  de  Nasshe 
(xii  d.),  Walterum,  seruientem  Roberti  Knyth  (xii 
d.),  Iohannem  le  Walsch  (xii  d.),  Willelmum  Walford 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


183  * 

(xii  d.),  Agnetem  Thorald  (xii  d.),  Aliciam  de  Stone 
(xii  d.),  Isabellam,  vxorem  Roberti  le  Dryuer  (xii  d.), 
et  Margeriam  Gladewyn,  seruientes  etc.  coram  nobis 
apud  Sutton  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti 
Egidii  ad  respondendum  domino  Regi  de  excessubus 
predictis. 

Et  omnes  predicti  seruientes  et  operarii  de  villatis  de 
Bodenham  et  Maurdyn  qui  se  posuerunt  in  graciam 
domini  Regis  veniunt  et  faciunt  finem,  plegii  de  fine 
Hugo  Hayward  .  .  .  et  plures  alii  sunt  quorum  nomina 
patent  in  extractis. 

Ad  quern  diem  Lune  proximum  post  festum  Sancti 
Egidii,  Iohannes  Blys  (vi  d.),  Walterus  Blanchard  (ii 
s.),  Ricardus  Dygun  et  omnes  alii  seruientes  et  operarii 
de  villata  de  Sutton  attachiati  sunt  preter  Margeriam 
Gladewyn  et  de  ipsa  vicecomes  respondet  quod  nichil 
habet  per  quod  potest  attachiari :  ideo  preceptum  est 
vicecomiti  quod  capiat  prefatam  Margeriam  si  etc.  et 
ipsam  saluo  etc.  Ita  quod  habeat  corpus  eius  coram 
nobis  hie  ad  diem  Martis  sequentem  ad  respondendum 
domino  Regi  de  excessubus  predictis.  Et  omnes  alii 
veniunt  et  ponunt  se  in  graciam  domini  Regis,  preter 
Ricardum  Dygun  et  Walterum  de  Nasshe  qui  veniunt 
et  allocuti  qualiter  se  acquietabunt  de  transgressionibus 
et  excessubus  vnde  indictati  sunt,  dicunt  quod  in  nullo 
sunt  culpabiles  et  de  hoc  ponunt  se  super  patriam. 
Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat  hie 
coram  nobis  ad  diem  Martis  proxime  sequentem  xii 
liberos  et  legales  homines  de  visneto  de  Maurdyn  et 
Sutton  qui  nec  etc.  ad  faciendum  iuratam  illam.  Et 
predicti  Iohannes  Blys  et  alii  qui  se  posuerunt  veniunt 
et  faciunt  finem  per  plegium  Iohannis  Lene.  ...  1 

Ad  quern  diem  Martis,  predicti  Margeria  Gladewyn 
(xii  d.),  Ricardus  Dygun  (xii  d.),  et  Walterus  de 
Nasshe  (xii  d.)  veniunt  et  petunt  se  admitti  ad  finem 


^ive  others  named. 


APPENDIX 


184  * 

faciendum  cum  domino  Rege.  Et  admissi  sunt,  plegii 
de  fine  Philippus  le  Bailiff,  Ricardus  Tudeneye  et  Wal- 
terus,  filius  Willelmi  de  Stoke. 

m.  4  d.  Placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  apud  Hereford’, 
die  Sabbati  in  septimana  Pasche,  anno  xxxmo. 

(The  sheriff  had  been  ordered  to  exact  John  de  la 
Chirch,  Isabel  Wynne,  Robert  le  Tyeler,  Peter  le  Smyth 
and  Philip  le  Walsh  in  the  county  court.  They  ap¬ 
peared  at  the  county  court  held  at  Hereford  Castle  on 
Saturday  before  Christmas,  29th  year  (first  time  ex¬ 
acted)  and  surrendered  themselves  to  prison.  They 
plead  not  guilty  and  ask  for  a  jury:) 

Set  postea  iidem  seruientes  et  operarii  per  sacramenta 
sua  astricti  excessus  suos  sponte  recognoscunt. 

m.  5  d.  Adhuc  placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  apud  Alma- 
lie  1  die  Mercurii  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Marci 
evangile  anno  ....  xxxmo. 

(A  long  list  of  delinquents  indicted  for  excess  wages 
had  asked  for  a  jury:) 

Et  postea  iidem  seruientes  et  operarii  per  examina- 
cionem  iusticiariorum  per  eorum  recognicionem  de  ex- 
cessubus  predictis  sunt  conuicti  et  prisone  domini  Regis 
mancipati ;  postmodum  faciunt  finem  pro  excessubus 
predictis  per  plegium  etc. 

(m.  6  and  m.  6  d  contain  presentments  and  processes  similar 
to  those  already  given . ) 

m.  7.  Et  quia  compertum  est 2  Iohannem  le  Taylor,  Hen- 

ricum  le  Taylor,  et  Iohannem  Hichemones  iuxta  eorum 
recognicionem  propriam  alias  fuisse  convictos  de  huius- 
modi  excessubus  coram  R.  Talbot  et  socii  suis  etc., 

1  Now  Almeley;  on  this  occasion  eighteen  jurors  had  been  summoned. 

3  MS.  has  “quod”  after  “est.” 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


185* 

ideo  consideratum  est  quod  habeant  prisonam  quadra- 
ginta  dierum  et  committantur  vicecomiti  custodiendi. 

m.  8.  Placita  apud  Hereford’  die  Sabbati  proximo  post 
festum  Annunciacionis  beate  Marie,  anno  xxx. 

Ricardus  le  Murie  (vi  d.)  querens  optulit  se  in 
placito  conuencionis  contra  statutum  versus  Iohannem 
nuper  seruientem  Rogeri  le  Cat,  plegius  de  pros- 
equendo  Willelmus  Esegar. 

Et  predictus  Iohannes  venit  et  querens  non  est  prose- 
Miseri-  cutus.  Ideo  ipse  et  plegii  sui  de  prosequendo  in 
cordia.  misericordia. 

Stephanus,  nuper  seruiens  Dauid  ap  Ieunan,  attachia- 
tus  est  ad  respondendum  predicto  Dauid  de  placito 
conuencionis  contra  statutum  vnde  idem  Dauid  quer- 
itur  et  dicit  quod  predictus  Stephanus  conuenit  cum 
predicto  Dauid  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Natalis 
Domini  anno  xxix  apud  Scholle  quod  sibi  deseruiret 
a  festo  Annunciacionis  tunc  sequente  vsque  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  proxime  sequens  in  officio  tentoris 
capiendo  salarium  iuxta  formam  statuti  etc.  Et  inde 
producit  sectam. 

Et  predictus  Stephanus  venit  et  defendit  vim  iniuriam 
et  dampnum,  et  dicit  quod  nullam  fecit  conuencionem 
cum  predicto  Dauid  sicut  idem  supponit  etc.  et  paratus 
est  hoc  verificare  etc. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
coram  nobis  hie  ad  diem  Sabbati  proxime  sequentem 
xii  liberos  et  legales  homines  de  visneto  de  Scholle 
qui  nec  etc.  ad  faciendum  iuratam  illam. 

•  ••••••• 

Willelmus  le  Shipward  querens  optulit  se  per  plegium 
Iohannis  Dasely  versus  Iohannem  Westwales  de  pla¬ 
cito  convencionis  etc.  vnde  queritur  et  dicit  quod  pre¬ 
dictus  Iohannes  conuenit  cum  predicto  Willelmo  die 
Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Fabiani  apud  By¬ 
ford  quod  sibi  deseruiret  a  festo  Annunciacionis  beate 


1 86  * 


APPENDIX 


Marie  anno  xxx°  vsque  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  prox- 
ime  sequens  in  officio  fugatoris  capiendo  etc.  [et]  idem 
Iohannes  a  seruicio  ipsius  Willelmi  se  elongauit,  vnde 
Willelmus  deterioratus  est  et  dampnum  [habet]  ad 
valenciain  dimidie  marce.  Et  predictus  Iohannes  venit 
et  conuencionem  non  dedicit.  Ideo  consideratum  est 
quod  predictus  Willelmus  [habeat],1  dampna  sua  que 
taxantur  per  iusticiarios  ad  ii  s.  vi  d.  et  predictus 
Miseri-  Iohannes  (vi  d.)  in  miser icordia,  plegius  Iohannes  de 
cordia.  Kynarde. 

m.  8  d.  Placita  apud  Hereford’,  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis 
die  Sabbati  proximo  ante  festum  Sancti  Georgii,  anno 
supradicto. 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faceret  coram 
nobis  hie  ad  hunc  diem  xii  liberos  et  legales  homines 
de  visneto  de  Scholle  qui  nec  Dauid  ap  Ieunan  nec 
Stephanum  nuper  seruientem  suum  aliqua  affinitate 
attingant,  ad  recognoscendum  super  sacramentum 
suum  si  idem  Stephanus  conuenit  cum  predicto  Dauid 
ad  sibi  deseruiendum  etc.,  vt  patet  supra  vel  non  etc. 
Et  modo  vicecomes  respondet  quod  mandatum  hoc  est 
executum,  et  partes  et  iurati  veniunt  qui  dicunt  quod 
predictus  Stephanus  nullam  fecit  conuencionem  etc. 
Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  predictus  Dauid  (iiii  d.) 
sit  in  misericordia  et  predictus  Stephanus  eat  sine  die. 

DATES  AND  PLACES  OF  SESSIONS. 

Dates  marked  J  are  those  ascertained  by  the  words  “  ad 
quern  diem,  etc.,”  but  where  the  roll  has  no  heading;  dates  in 
brackets  are  those  on  which  the  sheriff  is  to  have  the  accused 
but  which  are  not  followed  by  “  ad  quern  diem.” 


1  MS.  torn. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


m.  i.  Hereford, 
m.  i  d.  “ 

U 

[  “ 
m.  2.  $  “ 

u 

t  “ 
t  " 

m.  2  d. 


29th  year. 


30th  year. 


m.  3.  {  Norton.  29th  year. 

{  Foxeleye. 

Bourghull. 

J  Hereford. 

J  Kyngestone.  30th  year. 

t  “ 

[Hereford. 

m.  3  d.  [Kyngestone. 

Bodenham. 

$  Sutton. 


Monday  after  Nativity  of 
Blessed  Mary  (8  Sept.). 
Tuesday  ditto. 

Wednesday  ditto. 

Monday  after  Purification 
(2  Feb.).] 

Friday  after  St.  Lucy  (13 
Dec.). 

Saturday  ditto. 

Friday  after  St.  Hilary  (13 
Jan.). 

Saturday  ditto. 

Monday  after  St.  Mathias 
(24  Feb.). 

Tuesday  ditto. 

Friday  in  week  of  Holy 
Trinity. 

Thursday  after  All  Saints’ 
(1  Nov.). 

Tuesday  after  St.  Martin 
(11  Nov.). 

Wednesday  ditto. 

Saturday  after  St.  Hilary 

(13  Jan-)- 

Monday  after  Nativity  St. 
John  the  Baptist  (24 
June). 

Tuesday  ditto. 

Friday  after  St.  Lawrence 
(10  Aug.).] 

Saturday  after  St.  Clement, 
Pope  (23  Nov.).] 
Saturday  after  St.  Barthol¬ 
omew  (24  Aug.). 
Monday  after  St.  Giles  (1 
Sept.). 

Tuesday  ditto. 


188* 

APPENDIX 

m.  4. 

$  Ledebury. 

a 

if 

29th  year. 

Monday  after  St.  Michael 
(29  Sept.). 

Tuesday  ditto. 

m.  4  d. 

Hereford. 

Ledebury. 

a.  « 

t 

[Hereford. 

30th  year. 

Saturday  in  Easter  week. 
Monday  after  close  of  Eas¬ 
ter. 

Tuesday  ditto. 

Saturday  ditto.] 

m.  5. 

Webbeleye. 

29th  year. 

Thursday  before  St.  Mich¬ 
ael  (29  Sept.). 

m.  5  d. 

Penebrugg. 

Monday  after  St.  Luke  (18 
Oct.) . 

Almalie. 

a 

$ 

30th  year. 

Wednesday  after  St.  Mark 
(25  April). 

Thursday  ditto. 

m.  6. 

J  Bromyerd. 

Friday  after  St.  Simon  and 
St.  Jude  (28  Oct.). 

Cowern. 

29th  year. 

Tuesday  after  St.  Vincent 
(22  Jan.). 

$  Hereford. 

a  a 

t 

30th  year. 

Saturday  after  Annuncia¬ 
tion  (25  March). 
Saturday  after  Whitsun¬ 
day. 

m.  6  d. 

Frome  Canon. 

t  Eglynton. 

Lanwaren. 

J  Hereford. 

t  “ 

Morrow  of  St.  Agatha  (5 
Feb.). 

Wednesday  after  St.  David 
(1  March). 

Tuesday  after  St.  Gregory 
(12  March). 

Saturday  after  Annuncia¬ 
tion  (25  March). 
Saturday  in  Trinity  week. 

m.  7. 

J  Rosse. 

29th  year. 

Morrow  of  All  Saints  (1 
Nov.). 

Fowehope. 

30th  year. 

Thursday  after  St.  Valen- 

tine  (14  Feb.). 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


189 


%  Hereford. 

Bishop’s  Upton. 

m.  7  d.  J  Martteley. 

J  Hereford. 
Saint  Waynard. 


J  Landmabon. 

J  Hereford. 

Hereford.  31st  year. 


m.  8.  Hereford. 


30th  year. 


m.  8  d. 


ii 


U 


.j.  U 

4* 

22  places;  56  days,  during  the 
the  beginning  of  31. 


Saturday  after  Whitsun¬ 
day. 

Monday  after  St.  Swithin 
(2  July). 

Tuesday  after  St.  Thomas 
of  Canterbury  (7  July). 

Saturday  ditto. 

Thursday  after  St.  James 

(25  July). 

Friday  ditto. 

Saturday  ditto. 

Saturday  after  Conversion 
of  St.  Paul  (25  Jan.). 

Saturday  after  Annuncia¬ 
tion  (25  March). 

Second  Saturday  after  An¬ 
nunciation.] 

Saturday  before  St.  George 
(23  April). 

Saturday  after  St.  Michael 
(29  Sept.). 

Monday  ditto, 
regnal  years  29,  30,  and  at 


IX.  Assize  Roll,  Hereford,  313.  30-33  Edw.  III.  6  mem¬ 

branes. 

Placita  (de  Operariis,  etc.)  coram  eisdem. 

The  following  enrollment  explains  the  survival  of  this  roll ; 
Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  34,  Hill.,  Communia,  Presentaciones,  etc.,  rot. 
2  d. 


Hereford’ 

Willelmus  de  Frome  unus  iusticiarius  operariorum  ponit  loco 
suo  Ricardum  de  Frome  ad  liberandum  ad  scaccarium  extrac- 
tas  finium,  exituum,  excessuum  et  amerciamentorum  coram 


APPENDIX 


190  * 

eodem  Willelmo  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  adiudicatorum  de  annis 
xxxii  et  xxxiii0,  necnon  recorda  et  processus  inde, 
per  Willelmum  de  Peck  de  licencia  baronum. 

This  roll  is,  for  the  most  part,  legible  only  in  a  small  portion 
of  the  middle  of  each  membrane.  Since  I  have  quoted  at 
length  from  the  preceding  Hereford  roll,  I  give  very  little  of 
this. 

The  first  membrane  contains  a  copy  of  the  letter  patent  of 
5  Feb.,  1357,  appointing  Frome,  Oldecastel  and  Monyton  jus¬ 
tices  of  labourers  and  of  weights  and  measures.  See  “  List 
of  justices,’’  app.,  B,  3. 

m.  6.  Placita  apud  Leomynistre  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis 
die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Georgii,  anno 
xxxiid0. 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faceret  coram 
nobis  hie  ad  hunc  diem  xx  probos  et  legales  homines 
de  visceneto  de  Leomynistre  ad  audiendum  et  facien¬ 
dum  quod  ex  parte  domini  Regis  eis  esset  iniungendum. 

Et  modo  vicecomes  1  -  quod  mandatum  istud  in 

omnibus  est  executum. 

Iurati  presentant  quod  Willelmus  le  Flecchere,  Ricar- 

dus  Lorymere,  Iohannes  le  Ba - de  Mappenore, 

Matillis  Borgoyn  et  Isabella  Grolbe,  emebant  bladum 
-  domini  regis.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vice¬ 
comiti  quod  venire  faciat  coram  nobis  hie  die  Veneris 

- ad  respondendum  domino  Regi  de  trans- 

gressionibus  predictis.  Et  predicti  Willelmus  le  Flec- 

cher  (ii  s.)  - de  Mappenore,  Isabella  Grolbe 

(xl  d.),  Ricardus  Lorymere  (ii  s.)  Matillis  Borgoyn 

(xii  d.),  et  Willelmus  -  veniunt  coram  nobis  et 

ponunt  se  in  graciam  domini  Regis.  Plegii  de  fine  Ri¬ 
cardus  - Romayn  et  Thomas  Domer. 

Adhuc  Placita  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  apud  Leo- 
minstre, - Apostoli  anno  supradicto. 


^he  lines  indicate  portions  too  faded  to  decipher. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


191  * 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faceret  coram 

nobis  hie  ad  hunc  diem  -  de  Leomynistre  ad 

audiendum  et  faciendum  quod  ex  parte  domini  Regis 

- respondet  quod  mandatum  istud  in 

omnibus  est  executum. 

Iurati  presentant  quod  Thomas  Kempe  (xl  d.),  Wal- 
terus  Pegeon  (xl  d.),  Hugo  Pegeon  (xl  d.),  Rogerus 

Bygot  (xl  d.),  Dr -  Crompe,  Hugo  le  Romayn 

(ii  s.),  Walterus  Notehale  (ii  s.),  Iohannes  Saundres 
(xii  d.),  Mattheus  de  Knygthton  (xl  d.),  Iohannes 

-  et  Walterus  Pegeon,  junior  (ii  s.),  carnifices, 

carius  vendiderunt  carnes  suas  contra  ordinacionem 


domini  Regis  hiis  annis  quam  vendere  solebant  ante 

pestilenciam  ad  grave  dampnum  - 

quod  Iohannes  of  the  Louwer,  Thomas  Etton,  Willel- 
mus - 

stinnarii,  Philippus,  seruiens  Iohannis  Pyw - 

Eston,  Ricardus  Bryd,  Willelmus  de - 

Schonte,  Robertus  le  Webbe  (xii  d.),  Iuliana  Scrog  (vi 

d.), - cementarius,  Iohannes  le  Trompour  (xii 

d.),  Thomas  de  Iuy —  (xii  d.), - le  Gode, 

cerotecarii,  Salomon  Mascalt  (ii  s.),  et  Iohanna  le 

(xii  d.) - 

suis  contra  etc.  quam  capere  solebant  annis  - 

- faciat  omnes  prenominatos  seruientes  et  artifices 

coram  nobis - domino  Regi  de  excessibus 

predictis.  Set  omnes  predicti  carnifices,  fabri,  cerote¬ 
carii  -  gratis  veniunt  et  ponunt  se  in  gra- 

ciam  domini  Regis  per  plegium  Iohannis  Broun,  Ro- 
berti  Body,  Iohannis  de  la  - 1 -  de  Ederey. 

DATES  AND  PLACES  OF  SESSIONS. 

Thirty  years  during  the  regnal  years  31,  32  and  33;  none 
deciphered  for  30th  year.1  Fourteen  places;  four  more  too 

1  In  spite  of  the  heading  in  List  of  Plea  Rolls. 


192 


APPENDIX 


* 

faded  to  read.  I  give  only  those  that  do  not  occur  in  the  pre¬ 
ceding  roll:  Malmushull  (m.  1),  Staundon  (m.  1  d.),  Breden- 
hull  (m.  1  d.),  Maddeleye  (m.  1  d.),  Petrischirche  (m.  2), 
Wormelowe  (m.  2  d.),  Obeton  (m.  3  d.),  Leominster  (ms. 
6,  6  d.). 

J  X.  Ancient  Indictments,  Lancaster,  54.  24  Edw.  III. 

The  roll  contains  proceedings  held  during  the  summer  of 
1350  before  de  Lathum,  Basset  and  their  companions.  On  20 
Oct.  of  this  year  they  and  ten  others  were  appointed  to  inquire 
into  the  violence  of  malefactors  and  to  enforce  the  ordinance 
of  labourers;  see  “List  of  justices/’  app.,  B,  3.  There  is, 
therefore,  a  slight  discrepancy  as  to  dates,  which  I  have  been 
unable  to  explain. 

m.  2.  Presentatum  est  per  inquisitores  ville  Lancastr’  quod 
Agnes  que  fuit  vxor  Iohannis,  filii  Elie  de  Chorlegh, 
conduxit  Emmam,  filiam  Ade  le  Writght  de  Chorlegh 
essendi  in  servicio  suo  de  festo  Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste 
anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu  vicesimo 
quarto  vsque  ad  festum  Natalis  Domini  tunc  proxime 
sequens,  et  dicta  Emma  in  seruicio  suo  intrare  noluit  set 
omnino  contradixit  contra  formam  statuti. 

m.  11.  Inquisicio  de  Preston  capta  apud  Lane’  coram  Thoma 
de  Lathum  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  in 
comitatu  Lancastrie  die  Martis  proximo  post  festum 
Assumpcionis  beate  Marie  Virginis,  anno  regni  Regis 
Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  xxiiii0  per  sacramentum 

Item  dicunt  quod  Robertus  Alkockesknaue,  le  Merschall, 
manens  in  Eccliston  non  vult  locari  nemini  1  nisi  habeat 
superfluam  mercedem,  et  quod  ipse  fregit  convencionem 
quern  fecerit  cum  Cecilia  que  fuit  vxor  Alkock  le  Mar- 
seal. 

(Indorsement.) 


1  MS.  nemo,  nisi  si. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  193  * 

Inquisicio  tie  Preston  liberata1  apud  Lancastr*  die  Mer- 
curii  proximo  post  festum  Assumpcionis  beate  Marie 
anno  xxiiii0  et  habent  diem  predictam. 

14.  Inquisitio  de  Salfordsh’  capta  apud  Lane’  die  Mercurii 
proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Laurencii  anno  xxiiiit0 
coram  Willelmo  Basset  et  sociis  per  sacramentum  .  .  .  .2 
qui  dicunt  quod  Willelmus  Tumson  Kemmeson  cepit  vi 
s.  et  vnam  tunicam  cum  capucio  contra  formam  statuti 
per  dimidium  annum. 

Iohannes,  filius  Thome  Doggeson,  ii  s.  contra  statutum 
per  dimidium  annum. 

Et  Ricardus  de  Trafford  quia  dedit  predictis  operands 
salariutn  contra  statutum . 

Item  dicunt  quod  Henricus  le  Lister,  Henricus,  filius 
Galfridi  del  Brigge,  carnifices,  lucrati  fuerunt  vltra  assi- 
sam  in  boue  vno  xviii  il. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Iohanna,  filia  Ricardi  Hanneson,  cepit 
per  dimidium  annum  ii  s.  vi  d.  maius  quam  capere  sole- 
bat  et  Hik  de  Lymme,  Henricus,  filius  Bobelyn,  sutores, 
capiunt  pro  quolibet  pari  sotularum  vltra  id  quod  capere 
solebant  per  ii  d.  vnde  lucrati  fuerunt  per  annum  vltra 
antiquum  lucrum  xx  s. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Adam  Dobbeson,  Chikkyn,  capiebat 
per  ix  dies  post  festum  Assumpcionis  beate  Marie  anno 
xxiii°  quolibet  die  iii  d.  vltra  id  quod  capere  solebat  com- 
munibus  annis  et  sic  communiter  capit  in  anno  xxiiiito. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Willelmus,  filius  lohannis  le  Hyne, 
cepit  plus  solito  in  hyeme  xviii  d.  et  per  dimidium  an¬ 
num  in  estate  plus  solito  per  ii  s. 

•  ••••••  • 

Item  dicunt  quod  Ricardus  de  Wyndhull  soluit  operariis 
plus  solito  vno  homini  per  diem  id . 


MS.  liberatum. 


2  Names  of  jurors. 


APFEXDIX 


194* 

Item  dicunt  qnod  Roger  le  Yhong,  walker  et  sheremon,. 
et  Ricardus,  filius  Hugonis,  walker  et  sheremon,  capiunt 
pro  cissure  vnius  virge  tele  plus  solito  per  obolum  et 
Adam  le  Walker  de  Bury,  walker  et  sheremon,  capit 
eodem  modo  predicto  etc. 

m.  23.  Inquisicio  de  Wygan  capta  die  Iouis  apud  Wygan,  in 
festo  Sancti  Oswaldi  Regis  coram  domino  Tlioma  de 
Lathum  et  sociis  suis. 

•  •••«••« 

Item  dicunt  quod  Adam  le  Lystersone  de  Wygan,  Wil- 
lelmus,  filius  Iohannis  le  Lyster,  capellanus,  Willclmus 

de - 1  de  Wygan,  Thurstanus,  filius  Rogeri 

le  Baxter,  sunt  per  noctem  vagantes  et  vacabundi  et 
nolunt  operare.  .  .  . 

m.  29.  Derb 

Iurati  dicunt  quod  Iohannes  Toppynk  cepit  de  Ricardo 
de  Litherlond  vii  s.  a  festo  Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste 

vsque  Natale  Domini  contra  formam  statuti. 

\ 

Item  dicunt  quod  Ricardus  Wafte  J  recusat  se  conduci 
vbi  oblatus  fuit  per  Ricardum  le  Waleys  pro  iiii  s.  et  se 
abstraxit  in  partibus  Cestrensibus  quia  noluit  conduci 
nisi  per  dietas  contra  formam  statuti. 

•  •«••••• 

Item  dicunt  quod  Iohannes  Schad,  Willelmus  Cottok, 
Adam  del  Wodis  (cognouerunt ;  in  prisona),  oblatis  per 
seruientem  domini  Thome  de  Lathum  quemlibet  eorum 
iiii  solidis  et  recusant  capere  contra  formam  statuti. 

•  •••••«• 

Item  dicunt  quod  Willelmus  le  Dauber  (prisona)  cepit 
de  diuersis  hominibus  pro  labore  suo  iii  d.  et  victum 
suum  per  diem  vbi  magis  non  solebat  capere  nisi  vnum 
denarium  et  victum  per  diem. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Symon  Clobbe  de  Derby  recusat  se 


1  Illegible. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


195  * 

conduci  nisi  per  diem  et  hoc  per  iii  d.  cum  victu  per 
diem  et  hoc  cepit  de  Willelmo,  filio  Ade  de  Litherpoll. 
Item  dicunt  quod  Thomas  Colle  de  Derby  cepit  de  di- 
uersis  magistris  iii  d.  pro  opere  suo  cum  victu  per  diem 

contra  formam  statuti . 

Item  dicunt  quod  Willelmus  le  Bakester,J  Henricus  del 
Bakhous  (prisona),  Henricus  Staines,  Willelmus,  filius 
Alani  de  Schirwalactris,J  vendunt  carnes  et  pisces  con¬ 
tra  formam  statuti . 

J  XI.  Assize  Roll,  Lincoln,  524.  26-27  Edw.  III.  3  mem¬ 

branes. 

Placita  Coronae  coram  eisdem  (i.  e.  Willelmo  de  Skyp- 
wyth  et  sociis  suis). 

Praesentationes  et  Indictamenta. 

% 

It  is  not  easy  to  determine  the  nature  of  this  roll ; 1  but  it 
is  my  belief  that  proceedings  before  justices  of  labourers  were 
recorded  on  membranes  that  also  contained  proceedings  before 
justices  of  oyer  and  terminer  and  before  the  keepers  of  the 
peace,  the  confusion  being  the  result  of  the  fact  that  the  same 
men,  William  de  Skipwith  and  William  de  Stayn,  had  been 
appointed  in  these  three  separate  capacities  within  the  district 
of  Lindsey.  On  26  Oct.,  1353,  they  were  appointed  justices  of 
labourers  (see  “List  of  justices,”  app.,  B,  3),  and  on  15  Dec.  of 
the  same  year,  keepers  of  the  peace.  Pat.  27,  pt.  2,  m.  26  d. 

m.  1  d.  contains  a  copy  of  the  king’s  writ  to  Skipwith  as 
justice  of  oyer  and  terminer  in  Lindsey,  bidding  him  deliver 
his  records  into  chancery;  dated  7  Nov.,  28  Edw.  III. 

m.  1  d.  Placita  corone  apud  Lincoln’  coram  prefatis  Wil¬ 
lelmo  de  Skipwith  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  etc.,  die 
Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Michaelis,  anno 
regni  ....  xxvii0.  .  .  . 

Hn  my  article  I  did  not  venture  to  include  this  roll,  and  as  a  matter 
of  fact  it  is  not  safe  to  make  dogmatic  statements  about  the  nature  either 
of  this  roll  or  of  that  for  Essex,  no.  vii. 


APPENDIX 


196  * 
m.  2. 


m.  3. 


Item  presentant  quod  quidam  Iohannes  Skit  fuit  in 
seruicio  dornini  Iohannis  Dargentene  carucarius  tem¬ 
pore  estiuali  vltime  preterito  et  quidam  Rogerus  Swyn- 
flete  custos  manerii  abbatis  de  Seleby  apud  Stalyng- 
burgh  conduxit  predictum  Iohannem  Skit  extra  serui- 
cium  suum  tempore  iemali  nunc  pro  sex  solidis  et 
propter  frumentum  purum  et  tantam  terrain  quantum 
posset  seminare  cum  duobus  bussellis  London’  frumenti 
pro  vna  vestura  et  eciam  vnam  acram  pisarum  semi- 
natam  pro  vna  vestura,  et  propter  tarn  magnum  lucrum 
recessit  de  seruicio  dicti  dornini  Iohannis  ad  festum 
Sancti  Martini  ultime  preteritum.  Et  postmodum  pre- 
dictus  Iohannes  Skit  dubitauit  indictari  coram  iusti- 
ciariis,  ita  quod  non  fuit  ausus  morari  set  recessit  in 
extraneis  partibus  et  sic  predictus  dominus  Iohannes 
amisit  seruicium  predicti  seruientis  per  defectum  et 
maliciam  predicti  Rogeri  et  contra  statutum  dornini 
Regis. 

Item  presentant  quod  Willelmus  de  Caburn  de  Lym- 
bergh,  carucarius,  non  vult  seruire  nisi  per  dietas  et 
ad  mensem  et  non  vult  comedere  carnes  salsas  set  re- 
centes  et  propter  hoc  recessit  de  villa  quia  nemo  aude- 
bat  eum  conducere  tali  modo  et  contra  statutum  dornini 
Regis. 

Presentaciones  facte  apud  Ltidam  coram  Willelmo 
de  Skypwith  et  Willelmo  de  Stayn  iusticiariis  dornini 
Regis  etc.  die  Sabbati  proximo  post  festum  Epiphanie 
Domini  anno  regni  .  .  .  vicesimo  septimo. 

xii  iurati  hundred!  de  Louthesk  presentant  quod 
Simon  de  Steping  de  Luda,  textor,  operatur  contra 
statutum,  videlicet,  vbi  solebat  capere  pro  tribus  vlnis 
i  d.  nunc  capit  pro  qualibet  vlna  i  d. 

Item  idem  Simon  recusat  ire  ad  carucam  et  ad  alia 
opera  excercenda  in  quibus  solebat  operari  pro  maiore 
stipendio  habendo  et  excessiuo. 

Item  presentant  quod  Alexander  Tasker  de  Luda  est 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


1 97* 

communis  triturator  et  laborator  et  capit  quolibct  die 
in  excessu  i  d.  ob. 

Item  presentant  quod  Ioliannes  Gentill  de  Burwell  et 
Ricardus,  filius  Ade  Panyarman  de  Somercotes,  die 
Sabbati  proximo  ante  festum  Epiphanie  Domini  anno 
regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  vicesimo  septimo  apud 
Ludam  vi  et  armis  in  Henricum  Clere,  capellanum  et 
Thomam  filium  Galfridi  West  de  Walesby  insultum 
fecerunt  et  ipsum  Thomam  verberauerunt,  wlnerau- 
erunt  et  male  tractauerunt  contra  pacem  domini  Regis. 
Per  quod  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
eos  etc. 

J  XII.  Assize  Roll,  Rutland,  731.  25-27  Edw.  III.  10  mem¬ 

branes. 

Placita  coram  Galfrido  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis. 

Fines  et  Amerciamenta. 

Praesentationes  et  Indictamenta. 

An  earlier  list  of  Assize  Rolls  gives  the  following  heading: 
Rutland.  Rotulus  presentationum  de  excessis,  etc.  contra  Sta- 
tutum  de  Laboratoribus,  temp.  Edw.  III.1 

On  15  March,  1351,  de  la  Mare  and  five  others  were  ap¬ 
pointed  on  a  joint  commission  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers. 
See  “  List  of  commissions  ”  and  “  List  of  Justices,”  app.,  B, 
2  and  3. 

m.  1.  Coram  Galfrido  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis 
domini  Regis  in  comitatu  Rotel’  ad  statuta  Northamp- 
tonie  et  Wintonie  necnon  ad  statu  turn  artificum  et 
laboratorum  et  conservandi  pads  conservanda  2  apud 
Keton  die  dominica  proxima  post  festum  Decollacionis 
Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi 
tercii  post  conquestum  xxv. 

1  Cf.  app.,  142,  note  4. 

3  Perhaps  a  more  accurate  rendering  than  that  given  in  my  article,  in 
E.  H.  R.,  532;  the  manuscript  is  badly  faded. 


APPENDIX 


198  * 

m.  2.  Coram  Galfriclo  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis,  die  Martis 
in  festo  Sancti  Nicholai  apud  Vppingham,  anno  regni 
.  .  .  vicesimo  quinto. 

Vppingham. 

•  ••••••• 

Constabularius  presentat  [quod]  Thomas  Smyt  (ii  s.) 
cepit  contra  statutum,  videlicet,  pro  pecia  ferri  vi  d.  et 
pro  vno  punctu  1  i  d.  et  fecit  finem. 

•  ••••••• 

m.  6.  Coram  G.  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini 
Regis  apud  Okham  die  Iouis  proxima  post  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni  .  .  .  vicesimo  septimo. 

•  ••••••• 

Elizabeth,  filia  Henrici  de  Screffington,  .  .  .  .2  at- 
tachiate  fuerunt  ad  respondendum  domino  Regi  ad 
hunc  diem  quare  in  prima  septimana  autupni  exiebant 
villa  de  Northlufnam  in  qua  manebant  et  ibant  apud 
Berendon  et  ibi  seruiebant  domodo  oblatum  fuit  eis 
competens  seruicium  in  villa  de  Northlufnam  supra- 
venire  dicta,  et  omnes  preter  Amiciam,  vxorem  Henrici  Tiler, 
faciat  veniunt  et  dicunt  quod  non  sunt  culpabiles.  Ideo  pre- 
ceptum  est  balliuo  quod  venire  faciat  xii  contra  etc.  in- 
currendum  etc.,  et  predicta  Amicia  non  venit;  ideo 
preceptum  capere  earn. 

•  ••••••• 

m.  6  d.  Coram  G.  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini 
Regis  apud  Okham  die  Lune  in  festo  Sancte  Katerine 
anno  regni  .  .  .  vicesimo  septimo. 

(Twenty-four  women  and  one  man  are  indicted  for 
selling  beer  contrary  to  the  statute)  :  braciatores  veni¬ 
unt  et  allocuti  sunt  per  iusticiarios  quia  vendunt  serui¬ 
cium  contra  statutum ;  et  Emma  et  alie  dicunt  quod 


1  MS.  pucco;  punctu  is  merely  a  guess. 

2  Five  other  women. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  199  * 

non  sunt  culpabiles  et  hoc  parate  sunt  verificare  per 
patriam,  et  postea  compertum  est  quod  non  sunt  culpa¬ 
biles  et  iurate  sunt  quod  amodo  conseruent  statutum. 

m.  7.  (A  copy  of  the  letter  patent  referred  to  above.) 

Pretextu  cuius  breuis  preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  quod 
venire  faceret  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  etc.  apud  Ok- 
ham  die  Mercurii  proximo  post  festum  Corporis  Christi 
anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  xxmo 
quinto  de  quolibet  hundredo  comitatus  sui  tarn  infra 
libertates  quam  extra  viginti  quatuor  tarn  milites  quam 
alios  liberos  et  legales  homines  etc.  ad  inquirendum 
super  sacramentum  suum  in  premissis  etc.,  et  vicecomes 
fecit  inde  execucionem  ut  patet  in  sequenti  etc. 

Rotel’. 

Presentaciones  et  indictamenta  facta  coram  prefatis 
iusticiariis  apud  1  - die  et  anno  supradictis. 

xii  iurati  hundredi  de  Martinesle  presentant  quod 
Thomas  Writh  cepit  in  excessu  x  d.,  per  plegium  Wai¬ 
ted,  filii  Roberti  et  Henrici  Gregorii. 

Item  presentant  quod  Adam  Skot,  falcator,  fecit  finem 
[cum]  domino  Regi  pro  excessu  vi  d.,  per  plegium 
Walteri,  filii  Roberti  et  Henrici  Gregorii. 

Et  per  plegium  predictorum  in  excessu  versus  Rober- 
turn  de  Helwelle  de  excessubus  ab  eo  captis. 

•  •  •  •  ♦  •  •  • 

Item  presentant  quod  Petrus  Boneface  .  .  .  .2  sunt  re- 
belles  et  nimis  excessiue  capiunt  tarn  per  dies  quam 
per  septimanas,  et  postquam  iurati  fuerunt  ad  serui- 
endum  in  villa  predicta,  exierunt  in  alias  villas  et  nolu- 
erunt  laborare  in  villa  predicta  nisi  possent  excedere 
formam  statuti. 

1  A  blank  space  on  the  roll;  it  is  more  than  probable  that  the  place 
and  date  are  those  named  in  the  order  to  the  sheriff. 

2  Five  others. 


200 


APPENDIX 


m.  7  d.  Presentaciones  et  indictamenta  facta  apud  Ouerton  in 
festo  apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli  anno  .  .  .  vicesimo 
quinto  coram  prefatis  Galfrido  et  sociis  suis . 

Rotel’ 

xii  iurati  presentant  quod  Rogerus  Hood  cepit  pro 
stipendio  in  excessu  ii  s.  ii  d.  excedentes  ordinacionem 
et  prouisionem  prefatas  etc.  et  de  dictis  denariis  sol- 
vendis  inuenit  plegium  consimilem. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Symon,  balliuus  domini,  ibidem  ques- 
tus  fuit  de  Iohanne  Garde  quod  ipse  cepit  stipendium 
excessiuum  ab  eo ;  per  cognicionem  ipsius  Iohannis  in- 
uentum  est  quod  cepit  in  stipendio  excessiuo  pro  tem¬ 
pore  iemali  xii  d.  contra  ordinacionem  etc. 

Item  presentant  quod  Hugo  Plomer  cepit  in  excessu 
pro  iluminacione  ecclesiarum  et  aliarum  domorum  vi  s. 
contra  ordinacionem  etc.  et  inuentum  est  per  cogni¬ 
cionem  ipsius,  et  postea  euasit  de  iusticiariis  antequam 
securitatem  inuenerit  de  dictis  vi  s. 

Item  presentant  quod  Thomas  Chapman  cepit  in  ex¬ 
cessu  in  opere  autumpni  xviii  d.  de  Roberto  Seusex  et 
hoc  inuentum  est  ad  sectam  eiusdem  Roberti.  Ideo 
liberatus  eidem . 


m.  8. 


Memo¬ 

randum. 

rims  in  d. 
Excessus 
xii  d. 


Assessio  coram  G.  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis 
apud  Okham  die  Lune  proxima  post  festum  apos¬ 
tolorum  Petri  et  Pauli,  anno  regni  ....  vice¬ 
simo  septimo. 

Ordinatum  est  per  iusticiarios  quod  nullus 
carectarius  seruiens  capiet  plus  quam  octo  solidos 
per  annum  integrum  et  hoc  sub  pena  inprisona- 
menti. 

Ricardus  Skynner  de  Wisundeyn,  carectarius, 
cepit  de  Roberto  Elwelle  xii  d.  in  excessu  et 
manucaptor  eius  de  excessu  et  fine  Iohannes 
S  chow  ne. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


201 


♦ 


Inprison- 
atus,  finis 
ii  s. 


Robertus  Geke  de  Wisyndeyn  indictatus  est  quia 
ipse  capit  per  diem  ii  d.  et  prandium,  et  non 
vult  esse  in  seruicio  alicuius  et  venit  in  presen- 
ciam  iusticiariorum  et  ideo  adiudicatus  in  priso- 
nam  et  postea  venit  et  finem  fecit,  manucaptor, 
lohannes  Malyn. 


Manton 
Finis  vi  d. 
Excessus 
xii  d. 


lohannes  de  Multon  cepit  de  Iohanne  Aterenes 
de  Manton  in  excessu  xii  d.,  de  Willelmo  Freman 
xii  d.  in  excessu ;  ideo  etc.  et  postea  fecit  finem 
et  manucaptor  eius  Willelmus  Witede. 


Finis  m  d. 
Excessus 
xii  d. 


Robertus  Palmer  de  Aswelle  dedit  in  excessu 
Willelmo  de  Endirby  xii  d.  in  excessu,  et  manu¬ 
captor  eius  de  excessu  et  fine,  Thomas  Palmer. 


Kylgisham 
Finis  vi  d. 
placita 
preceptum 
est  balliuo 
venire 
faciat  xii. 


Constabularius,  Henricus  de  Branston,  presentat 
quod  Rogerus  Bailly  vendidit  seruiciam  contra 
statutum  bis,  videlicet,  lagenam  pro  i  d.  et  obolo, 
et  predictus  Rogerus  dicit  quod  non  vendidit  lage¬ 
nam  nisi  pro  i  d.,  et  hoc  paratus  est  verificare  per 
patriam ;  et  ideo  preceptum  est  balliuo  quod 
venire  faciat  xii  etc. 


Greccham 

preceptum 

est. 


Constabularius  de  Grecham  presentat  quod  at- 
tachiauit  omnes  laboratores  et  seruientes  et  non 
veniunt ;  ideo  preceptum  est  constabulario  quod 
attachiat  eos. 


Wynge. 

Constabularius  dicit  ilium  bene. 

m.  9.  Coram  G.  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis  apud  NorthluP 
die  Martis  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Mathei  anno 
supra.1 


1  Probably  the  same  year  as  the  next  entry. 


202 


APPENDIX 


* 


Caldecote. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  omnes  laborarii  et 
artifices  capiunt  secundum  statutum  et  iurati  sunt. 

•  ••••••• 

Bissebrok. 

Omnes  laborarii  et  artifices  examinati  sunt  et  bene. 

Coram  G.  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis  apud  Hamyldon, 
die  Mercurii  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Mathei  anno 
vicesimo  sexto. 

Kilpsam. 

Inuentum  est  per  recognicionem  Mariorie  Virgin 
quod  ipsa  cepit  excessive  vi  d.,  manucaptor  de  fine  iii 
d.  et  excessu  Ricardus  Miln. 

Pikworth. 

Inventum  est  quod  Iohannes  atte  Kirche  dedit  Mar¬ 
iorie  Foliamyn  a  festo  Pasche  vsque  ad  festum  Mich- 
aelis  v  s.  et  sic  in  excessu  xviii  d.,  manucaptor  de  ex¬ 
cessu  et  fine  (iii  d.)  Iohannes  predictus.1 

m.  9  d.  Coram  G.  de  la  Mare  et  sociis  suis  apud  Okham  die 
Martis  proxima  post  festum  Epiphanie  anno  vicesimo 
sexto. 

Lidington. 

Constabularii  presentant  quod  non  sunt  laborarii  nec 
artifices  qui  capiunt  vltra  statutum. 

DATES  AND  PLACES  OF  SESSIONS. 

m.  I.  Keton.  25th  year.  Sunday  after  the  Behead¬ 

ing  of  St.  John  Baptist 
( 29  Aug. ) . 

Ocham.2  Monday  after  Nativity  of 

Blessed  Virgin  Mary  (8 
Sept.). 

1  It  is  not  clear  who  this  “  Iohannes  ”  is. 

2  Spelt  in  the  roll  with  either  “  c  ”  or  “  k;”  now  Oakham. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  203  * 

m.  2.  Uppingham.  Tuesday,  St.  Nicholas  (6 

Dec.). 

Northluffnam.  Saturday  after  Concep- 


tion  of  Blessed  Virgin 
Mary  (8  Dec.). 


m.  3  d. 

Tinewell. 

Thursday  ditto. 

m.  4. 

Exton. 

torn. 

Monday  after  St.  Thomas 
(21  Dec.). 

m.  5. 

Ocham. 

25th  year. 

Wednesday  after  Corpus 
Christi. 

m.  6. 

u 

27th  year. 

Thursday  after  St.  Mich¬ 
ael  (29  Sept.). 

m.  6d. 

a 

Monday,  St.  Katherine 
(25  Nov.). 

m.  7. 

blank. 

no  date.1 

m.  7  d. 

Overton. 

25th  year. 

Feast  of  St.  Peter  and 
Paul  (29  June). 

m.  8. 

Okham. 

27th  year. 

Monday  after  St.  Peter 
and  Paul  (29  June). 

m.  8  d. 

Northluffnam. 

Saturday,  St.  Margaret 
(20  July). 

m.  9. 

a 

Hamyldon. 

26th  year.2 

Tuesday  after  St.  Mat¬ 
thew  (21  Sept.). 
Wednesday  ditto. 

m.  9  d. 

Okham. 

Assewell. 

Tuesday  after  Epiphany 
(6  Jan.). 

Monday  before  Conver¬ 
sion  of  St.  Paul  (25 
Jan.). 

m.  10. 

illegible. 

27th  year. 

Monday  after  St.  John 
Baptist  (24  June). 

m.  10  d. 

Ockham. 

Bradtoft. 

27th  year. 

Thursday  in  Whitsunday 
week. 

Monday  after  Corpus 

Christi. 


1  See  app.,  199,  note  1. 


2 See  app.,  201,  note  1. 


APPENDIX 


204  * 

XIII.  Assize  Roll,  Somerset,  773.  32-33  Edw.  III.  12  mem¬ 

branes. 

Indictamenta  et  processus  tangentia  operarios,  artifices, 
et  servientes. 

Cf.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  34,  Mich.,  Breu.  Ret.,  rot.  32. 
Somerset’ 

Preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  distringat  Edmundum  de 
Clyueden,  Walterum  de  Rodeneye  et  Thomam  Fitz  lames  ius- 
ticiarios  ad  ordinaciones  et  statuta  de  operariis  et  artificibits  ac 
seruientibus  necnon  de  ponderibus  et  mensuris  in  comitatu 
Somersetie  custodienda  assignatos  per  terras  etc.,  ita  etc.,  in  xva 
Sancti  Hillarii  ad  liberandum  ibidem  omnes  extractas  finium, 
excessuum,  exituum  et  amerciamentorum  coram  eisdem  ius- 
ticiariis  adiudicatorum  in  sessionibus  suis  iusticiarie  predicte  vt 
execucio  fiat  pro  comodo  Regis  ad  leuandum  fines,  exitus  et 
amerciamenta  predicta  prout  decet. 

Teste  vt  supra  [Teste  G.  de  Wilforde  quarto  die  Decembris] 
per  warrantum  predictum. 

Extracte  de  quibus  supra  fit  mencio  liberantur  hie  xxviii  die 
Ianuarii  hoc  anno  et  sunt  in  custodia  clerici  extractarum  hie  in 
scaccario.  Ideo  dictum  breue  emanatum  reuocetur  et  cesset. 

A  long  list  of  similar  writs  to  the  sheriffs  of  other  counties 
follows.  In  the  case  of  this  roll  the  penalties  and  the  placita 
were  recorded  on  the  same  membranes,  and  therefore  the  latter 
also  were  sent  to  the  exchequer. 

The  roll  is  particularly  full  and  clear,  containing  numerous 
lists  of  exactly  the  same  type  as  those  selected  for  printing. 

The  first  membrane  contains  a  copy  of  the  letter  patent, 
dated  26  Jan.  1358,  appointing  Husee,  Clyvedon,  Rodeneye  and 
Fitz  James  justices  of  labourers  and  of  weights  and  measures; 
see  “  List  of  justices,”  app.,  B,  3. 

m.  1.  Virtute  cuius  commissionis  iidem  iusticiarii  man* 
dauerunt  precepta  sua  vicecomiti  comitatus  predicti  1 
quod  venire  faceret  de  quolibet  hundredo,  burgo  tam 

1  MS.  predicto. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  205  * 

infra  libertates  quam  extra  xii  liberos  etc.  de  meliore 
etc.  per  quos  rei  veritas  etc.  ita  quod  sint  coram 
nobis  apud  Well’  die  Lune  in  prima  septimana  Quadra- 
gesime  anno  predicti  Regis  Edwardi  xxxii  ad  audien- 
dum  et  faciendum  etc.  Quo  die  inquisiciones  capte 
fuerunt  de  hundredis  etc.  qui  dicunt  per  sacramentum 
suum  quod  etc. 

Item  iurati  hundredi  de  Welwe  dicunt  quod  Marga- 
reta  Rakers,  Alicia  Sprakes,  Editha  Deye,  Agnes 
Clerkes,  Willelmus  Rosesone,  Alesia  Taillour,  Iuliana 
Lauynton,  Iuliana,  vxor  Walteri  atte  Broke,  Iohannes 
Benet,  sunt  communes  laborarii  et  quilibet  eorum  cepe- 
runt  excessiue  vi  d. 

Item  quod  Agnes  Adekynes,  Elena  Gould  et  Editha 
Edward,  Matrices,  quelibet  earum  ceperunt  excessiue 
vi  d. 

Item  quod  Hugo  Masson,  Radulfus  Lange,  Cecilia, 
vxor  Iohannis  Payn,  Agnes  le  Reue,  Iohannes  Gou- 
drich,  Ricardus  Houwes,  Iohannes  Palton,  Walterus 
Soutere,  Iohannes  Simond,  Editha  Cornere,  textrices, 
ceperunt  quilibet  eorum  excessiue  xii  d. 

•  ••••••• 

Item  iurati  hundredi  de  Wynterstoke  dicunt  quod 
Walterus  Daui,  Willelmus  Boniour,  Iohannes  Cau- 
dron,  Iohanna  Cole,  Willelmus  Lange,  Isabella  ser- 
uiens  Iohannis  Felawe,  Editha  Traci,  Editha  Cesse, 
Editha  Goky,  Radulfus  Cole,  Iohannes  Smalstret,  et 
Agnes  Fagon  sunt  communes  laborarii  et  quilibet 
eorum  ceperunt  excessiue  vi  d. 

•  ••••••• 

(Many  more  indictments.) 

m.  1  d.  Super  quo  prefati  iusticiarii  mandauerunt  precepta 
sua  vicecomiti  comitatus  predicti  quod  attachiaret  pre- 
dictos  Iohannem.1  ....... 

1  A  long  list  follows  of  the  indicted  of  various  hundreds  including  the 
names  printed  supra. 


206  * 


APPENDIX 


m.  2 . ita  quod  haberet  corpora  eorum 

coram  nobis  apud  Somerton  die  Lune  in  tercia  septi- 
mana  quadragesime  tunc  proxime  sequente  etc.  ad 
respondendum  domino  Regi  de  diuersis  transgression- 
ibus  contra  formam  statuti  vnde  indictati  sunt  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  predictus  vicecomes  respondet  quod 
predicti  Iohannes  Denemede,  Margeria  Thrabbe  et 
omnes  alii  in  breue  nominati  in  omnibus  hundredis 
predictis  capti  sunt  et  in  custodia  etc. 

Super  quo  veniunt  predicti  Iohannes  Denemede,  Mar¬ 
geria  Thrabbe  et  omnes  alii  superius  nominati  coram 
prefatis  iusticiariis  allocuti  qualiter  se  vellent  acquie- 
tari  de  transgressione  predicta. 

Et  predicti  Iohannes  Denemede,  Margeria  Thrabbe  et 
omnes  alii  in  breue  nominati  de  transgressione  pre¬ 
dicta  cognouerunt  quod  inde  sunt  culpabiles  et  posu- 
erunt  se  in  graciam  domini  Regis. 

Et  super  hoc  accepti  fuerunt  ad  faciendum  finem  vt 
sequitur  etc. 

Hundredum  de  Wei  we. 

Margareta  Rakers  de  fine  per  plegium  Ricardi 
Houwes  pro  eadem  vi  d.  [i.  e.  pro  diuersis  transgres- 
sionibus  contra  formam  statuti]. 

Finis  Alicia  Sprakes  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis  Moun- 
fort  pro  eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  Editha  Deye  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis  Hynebest 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Agnes  Clerkes  de  fine  per  plegium  predicti  pro  eadem 
xii  d. 

Finis  Willelmus  Rosesone  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis 
Mounfort  pro  eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  Alesia  Taillour  de  fine  per  plegium  predicti  pro  eadem 
vi  cl. 

Finis  Iuliana  Lauynton  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis  Hyne¬ 
best  pro  eadem  xii  d. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


20 7  * 

Finis  Iuliana,  uxor  Ade  1  atte  Broke,  de  fine  per  plegium 
predicti  pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Iohannes  Benet  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis  Moitn- 
fort  pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Agnes  Adekynes  de  fine  per  plegium  Rogeri  Payn  pro 
eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  Elena  Golde  de  fine  per  plegium  Ricardi  Frend  pro 
eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Editha  Edward  de  fine  per  plegium  Rogeri  Payn  pro 
eadem  ii  s. 

Finis  Hugo  Masson  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis  Mounfort 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Radulfus  Lange  de  fine  per  plegium  predicti  pro 
eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Cecilia,  vxor  Iohannis  Payn,  de  fine  per  plegium  pre¬ 
dicti  pro  eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  Agnes  le  Reue  de  fine  per  plegium  predicti  pro  eadem 
vi  d. 

Finis  Iohannes  Goudrich  de  fine  per  plegium  Rogeri  Rey¬ 
nold  pro  eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  Ricardus  Houwes,  webbe,  de  fine  per  plegium  predicti 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Iohannes  Palton,  webbe,  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis 
Mounfort  pro  eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  Walterus  Soutere  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis  Palton 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Iohannes  Simond  de  fine  per  plegium  Thome  Bathe 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Editha  Cornere  de  fine  per  plegium  Walteri  Soutere 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

m.  2  d.  Hundredum  de  Wynterstoke. 

Finis  Walterus  Dauy  de  fine  per  plegium  Willelmi  Boniour 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Willelmus  Boniour  de  fine  per  plegium  Walteri  Daui 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

1  Walteri  in  indictment. 


APPENDIX 


208  * 

Finis  Johannes  Caudron  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis  Sot- 
ton  pro  eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  lohanna  Cole  de  fine  per  plegium  Roberti  Beauchamp 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Willelmus  Lange  de  fine  per  plegium  Iohannis  Tail- 
lour  pro  eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Isabella,  seruiens  Iohannis  Felauwe,  de  fine  per  ple¬ 
gium  Roberti  Beauchamp  pro  eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  Editha  Tracy  de  fine  per  plegium  Willelmi  Priwet 
pro  eadem  xi  d. 

Finis  Editha  Cosse  de  fine  per  plegium  predicti  pro  eadem 
xii  d. 

Finis  Editha  Goky  de  fine  per  plegium  Willelmi  Lange  pro 
eadem  ii  s. 

Finis  Radulfus  Cole  de  fine  per  plegium  Nicholai  Halber- 
ton  pro  eadem  vi  d. 

Finis  Iohannes  Smalestret  per  plegium  Ricardi  Couk  pro 
eadem  xii  d. 

Finis  Agnes  Fagon  de  fine  per  plegium  Willelmi  Prywet 
pro  eadem  xii  d. 

rn.  5.  Ad  sessionem  tentam  apud  Weir  die  Lune  proximo 
post  festum  Natiuitatis  beate  Marie  anno  regni  .  .  . 
tricesimo  secundo. 

(Usual  order  to  sheriff.) 

Item  iurati  hundredi  de  Frome  dicunt  quod  Robertus 
Bryan,  Rogerus  Hulleman,  Iohannes  Churchey,  Wal- 
terus  Webbe,  Rogerus  Lysoun,  et  Alicia,  vxor  Iohan¬ 
nis  Corslegh,  sunt  textrices  et  alii  communes  laborarii 
et  quilibet  eorum  ceperunt  excessiue  contra  formam 
statuti  xii  d. 

m.  5  d.  (Presentments  are  made  for  offences  in  other  hun¬ 
dreds;  then  the  justices  order  the  sheriff  to  attach  the 
indicted,  including  those  named,  to  be  at  Taunton 
on  Monday  after  St.  Matthew ;  on  this  day  the  sheriff 
returns  that  they  are  in  custody.  They  plead  guilty 
and  are  fined.) 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  209  * 

m.  6.  Hundredum  de  Frome. 

Finis  Robertus  Brayn  de  fine  pro  eadem  [i.  e.  pro  trans- 
gressione  contra  statutum]  per  plegium  Laurencii  atte 
Welle  ii  s. 

Finis  Rogerus  Hulleman  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium 
Walteri  Whirligan  xii  d. 

Finis  Iohannes  Churchei  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  pre¬ 
dict  vi  d. 

Finis  Walterus  Webbe  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Wil- 
lelmi  Cayner  vi  d. 

Finis  Rogerus  Lisoun  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Iohan- 
nis  Corslegh  xl  d. 

Finis  Alicia,  vxor  Iohannis  Corslegh,  de  fine  pro  eadem  per 
plegium  Rogeri  Lisoun  xl  d. 

m.  8.  Ad  sessionem  tentam  apud  Welliam,  die  Lune  in 
prima  septimana  Quadragesime  anno  .  .  .  tricesimo 
tercio. 

Item  xii  electi  et  iurati  de  hundredo  de  Whyston 
dicunt  per  sacramentum  suum  quod  Editha  Quinterel, 
Iohanna,  vxor  Iohannis  Bal,  Iohanna  Longespy  sunt 
communes  filatrices  et  Willelmus  Aleyn,  Willelmus 
Malyn,  Willelmus  Girard,  Iohannes  Drake,  Walterus 
Halyete,  Willelmus  Chynnoke,  Editha  Paynot,  sunt 
communes  textores,  et  Ricardus  Chas,  Willelmus 
Chas,  Thomas  Chas,  Iohannes  Baker,  Alicia,  vxor 
Iohannis  Skot,  Ricardus  Lynstede,  Robertus  Burman, 
et  Adam  Soutere  sunt  carbonarii  et  vendunt  carbones 
et  ceperunt  excessiue  lucrum,  sic  quilibet  eorum  cepit 
excessive  xii  d. 

m.  9  d.  (Sheriff  ordered  to  attach  them  to  appear  on  Mon¬ 
day  after  feast  of  St.  Nicholas  at  Bridgewater. 

All  appear  on  that  day  and  plead  guilty.) 

m.  10  d.  Hundredum  de  Whitston. 

Finis  Editha  Quintrel  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Iohan¬ 
nis  Cole  vi  d. 


2io*  APPENDIX 

Finis  lohanna,  vxor  Iohannis  Bal,  de  fine  pro  eadem  per 
plegium  Thome  Bal  xii  d. 

Finis  lohanna  Longespey  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium 
Iohannis  Boteler  xviii  d. 

Finis  Willelmus  Aleyn  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Io¬ 
hannis  Souterman  xii  d. 

Finis  Willelmus  Malyne  et  Editha  vxor  eius  de  fine  pro 
eadem  per  plegium  Clementis  le  Eyr  ii  s. 

Finis  lohannes  Drake  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Roger i 
Gonyz  xl  d. 

Finis  Willelmus  Chynnokes  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium 
Willelmi  Samuel  ii  s. 

Finis  Editha  Paynot  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Iohan¬ 
nis  Palmere  xii  d. 

Finis  Ricardus  Chaz  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Thome 
Chaz  xii  d. 

Finis  Thomas  Chaz  de  tine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  pre¬ 
dict  1  xii  d. 

Finis  Willelmus  Chas  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  pre- 
dicti  xii  d. 

Finis  lohannes  Bakere  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Io¬ 
hannis  Skot  xl  d. 

Finis  Alicia,  vxor  Iohannis  Scot,  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  ple¬ 
gium  Iohannis  Bakere  ii  s. 

Finis  Ricardus  Lynstede  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Wil¬ 
lelmi  Samuel  xii  d. 

Finis  Robertus  Burnam  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Ri- 
cardi  Petyuyn  xviii  d. 

Finis  Adam  Soutere  de  fine  pro  eadem  per  plegium  Iohan¬ 
nis  Southerman  ii  s. 

The  dates  and  places  of  sessions  are  all  noted  in  the  extracts. 

printed ;  four  Mondays  in  the  32nd  year,  and  two  Mondays 

in  the  33rd  year,  at  four  different  places. 

’This  seems  to  make  Thomas  Chaz  his  own  “plegium;”  probably 

Ricardus  Chaz  is  meant. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  2II  * 

XIV.  Assize  Roll,  Surrey,  907.  25-26  Edw.  III.  4  mem¬ 

branes. 

Praesentationes  et  Indictamenta  coram  Ricardo  de  Bir- 
ton  et  aliis. 

Placita  de  quibusdam  servitoribus  et  laboratoribus  apud 
Limenesfeld.1 

Two  distinct  rolls. 

Roll  I. 

The  first  membrane  contains  a  copy  of  the  letter  patent, 
dated  15  March,  1351,  appointing  Huse,  de  Wylughby,  de 
Grene,  de  Notton,  de  Birton,  de  Bekwell,  de  Roulegh,  atte 
Wode  and  atte  Watere  on  the  joint  commission  of  the  peace 
and  for  labourers ;  de  Loxleye  was  associated  to  the  commis¬ 
sion  on  27  Nov.  of  the  same  year.  On  15  Sept.,  also  1351,  de 
Roulegh  and  atte  Wode  were  removed  from  the  commission 
and  were  ordered  to  deliver  to  Huse  and  de  Bekwell  any 
records  in  their  possession;  see  “List  of  justices,”  app.,  B,  3. 

Attached  to  this  roll  is  the  following  writ: 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dom- 
inus  Hibernie,  dilecto  et  fideli  suo  Henrico  de  Beke- 
welle,  salutem. 

Volentes  certis  de  causis  cerciorari  super  omnibus  in- 
dictamentis,  recordis  et  processibus  coram  vobis  et 
sociis  vestris  iusticiariis  nostris  ad  diuersas  felonias  et 
transgressiones  in  comitatu  Surreie  audiendum  et  ter- 
minandum  assignatis  habitis,  inchoatis  et  non  termin- 
atis  et  in  custodia  vestra,  vos,  prefate  Henrice,  existen- 

tibus,  vobis  mandamus  quod  omnia  huiusmodi  indie- 

$ 

tamenta,  recorda  et  processus  penes  vos  residencia 
habeatis  coram  nobis  in  crastino  Sancti  Martini  vbi- 
cumque  tunc  fuerimus  in  Anglia,  vt  hiis  inspectis 
vlterius  inde  facere  valeamus  quod  de  iure  et  secundum 
legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri  Anglie  inde  fore 
viderimus  faciendum.  Et  habeatis  ibi  hoc  breve. 


1  Now  Limpsfield. 


212 


APPENDIX 


Teste  W.  de  Shareshull  apud  Kingeston  super  Tha- 
misiam,  quarto  die  Novembris  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie 
vicesimo  septimo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie  quarto- 
decimo. 

m.  i.  Presentaciones  et  indictamenta  facta  coram  prefatis 
Ricardo  de  Birton,  Henrico  de  Loxele  et  Henrico  de 
Bekewell  iusticiariis  etc.  apud  Guldeford  predicto  die 
Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Hillarii  anno  regni 
. vicesimo  quinto. 

m.  i  d.  (Presentment  against  de  Roulegh  for  breaking  his 
oath  as  justice  of  labourers  in  the  24th  year ;  see  pt.  i, 
ch.  i,  s.  5.) 

m.  2.  Presentaciones  et  indictamenta  facta  apud  Guldeford 
coram  prefatis  Ricardo  de  Birton,  Henrico  de  Loxele 
et  Henrico  de  Bekwell  iusticiariis  etc.  die  Martis  prox¬ 
imo  post  festum  Annunciacionis  beate  Marie  anno  regni 
. vicesimo  sexto. 

SurP 

Iuratores  diuersorum  hundredorum  comitatus  pre¬ 
dict  .  .  }  presentant  quod  vbi  Iohannes  de  Rowele 
extiterat  vnus  iusticiariorum  domini  Regis  ad  inqui¬ 
rendum  de  diuersis  feloniis  et  transgressionibus  et  ad 
statutum  de  operatoribus  conseruandum  et  ad  alia  male- 
ficia  audienda  et  terminanda  in  comitatu  predicto,  ibi 
Iohannes  de  Rowele  pluribus  vicibus  solus  sedebat 
sine  warranto,  videlicet  apud  Certeseye,  Kyngeston, 
Guldeford  et  alibi  in  comitatu  predicto  et  populum 
domini  Regis  coram  eo  iniuste  vexauit  et  indictamenta 
cepit  et  indictatos  inprisonauit  et  tali  colore  de  homin- 
ibus  sic  indictatis  cepit  diuersos  fines  ad  opus  suum 
proprium,  scilicet  de  quodam  Henrico  de  Roppele  de 
Chidyngfold  x  s.,  de  Willelmo  de  Twynam  de  Kynge- 


1  Names  of  jurors. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


213 


* 


ston  dimidiam  marcam  per  manus  cuiusdam  Iohannis 
Burcebrige,  clerici  sui  et  de  pluribus  aliis  ad  magnam 
pecuniarum  summam  et  de  quolibet  labor ario  ad  minus 
v  d. ;  que  se  excedit  ad  summam  xxxv  li.  et  plus  in 
oppressionem  et  graue  dampnum  tocius  populi  domini 
Regis  et  in  ipsius  Regis  contemptum.  (There  are  also 
other  charges  against  him.)  .  .  .  Per  quod  preceptum 
fuit  vicecomiti  quod  caperet  eum  etc. 

Coram  Rege  Roll,  27,  Mich.,  Rex,  rot.  52,  Surrey. 

A  long  and  important  process  against  de  Roulegh 
includes,  among  numerous  charges,  specific  reference 
to  his  extortions  from  labourers.  He  is  finally  con¬ 
victed  and  committed  to  prison. 

Ibid.,  Rex,  rot.  46,  Surrey. 

Jurors  indict  John  Bushbrugg.  lately  clerk  of  John 
atte  Roughle,  for  taking  a  bribe  to  conceal  an  accusa¬ 
tion  against  a  certain  man  for  sale  of  leather  at  an 
excessive  price.  He  is  convicted  and  “fecit  finem.” 

Roll  II. 

m.  2.  Lymenesfeld. 

Placita  diuersorum  artificum  et  aliorum  laborariorum 
tenta  ibidem 1  coram  Iohanne  de  Hadresham  infra 
libertatem  abbatis  de  Bello  die  Mercurii  proximo  ante 
festum  Carnipriuii  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
post  conquestum  xxvii  incipiente. 

(The  earliest  record  of  the  appointment  of  Hadre¬ 
sham  is  20  June,  1354,  as  justice  of  labourers  for  Sur¬ 
rey;  see  “List  of  justices,”  app.,  B,  3.) 

Finis  vi  d.  Iohannes  Croucheman,  rotarius,  venit  et  ponit  se 
in  graciam  domini  Regis.  Et  est  finis  vi  d. 


1/.  e.  at  Lymenesfeld. 


APPENDIX 


214 


Finis  vi  d. 


Robertus  Terselyn,  pottere,  venit  et  ponit  se.  Et 
est  finis  vi  d. 


Finis  Symond  Duraunt  inuenit  plegium  ad  seruiendum 
condonatur.  infra  fibertatem,  Symonem  de  Excetre. 


Finis  vi  d. 


Walterus  Ede  venit  et  ponit  se  in  graciam  domini 
Regis  per  plegium  Willelmi  atte  Quarere.  Et  est 
finis  xii  d. 


Finis 

condonatur. 
Finis  vi  d. 


Iohannes  Merre  venit  et  ponit  se  in  graciam  dom¬ 
ini.  Et  est  finis. 

Symond  de  Stonehamme  venit  et  pro  excessiva 
donacione  ponit  se,  per  plegium  Roberti  Nutfilde 
et  R - 1  wyndenne;  finis  vi  d . 


m.  2  d.  Placita  diuersorum  artificium  et  laborariorum  tenta 
apud  Lymnesfeld  coram  Iohanne  de  Haderesham  in¬ 
fra  libertatem  abbatis  de  Bello  die  Sabbati  proximo 
ante  festum  Sancte  Marie  Magdalene,  anno  regni  .  .  . 
xxvii0  incipiente. 

Edonia  de  Lyde  liberata  est  Thome  vicario  de  Cater  - 
ham  seruiendum  eidem  Thome  usque  finem  [termini 
sui]2  secundum  statu  turn  etc. 

Finis  Iohannes  Profifete  quia  retraxit  Edoniam  de  Lyde, 
vi  d.  seruientem  Thome,  vicario  de  Caterham,  ponit  se  in 
graciam  domini  Regis. 

lnquisicio  capta  secundum  ordinacionem  statuti  per 
sacramentum  Ricardi  de  Stafhurst,  .  .  .3  iuratorum 
qui  dicunt  .  .  .  quod  Ricardus  Taillour,  carpentarius, 
seruit  extra  feodum  domini  contra  ordinacionem. 
(Eat  quietus  eo  quod  est  in  seruicio  domini  Regis.) 


MS.  faded. 


2  Probably  to  be  thus  read. 


Names  of  eleven  other  jurors. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


215 


* 


Iohannes  Crouchman,  Alexander  Potlere  (ponit  se. 
vi  d.),  Andreas  Crouchman  (ponit  se),  rotarii,  ven- 
dunt  contra  statutum. 

Ricardus  Terselyn  (ponit  se.  vi  d.)  et  Robertus  Ter- 
selyn  (ponit  se.  vi  d.),  potteres,  vendunt  contra  statu¬ 
tum;  Hugo  Horsman  (capiatur),  carbonarius,  seruit 
extra  feodum  domini,  Robertus  Mowere  (ponit  se.  vi 
d.),  Lucia  Frere  (finis  iii  d.),  braciatrix,  vendunt  pro 
ii  d.  contra  statutum.  Nicholas  Payn  (finis  iii  d.), 
faber,  negauit  seruire  patriam,  Walterus  Ede,  Thomas 
atte  Mede  (finis  vi  d.),  faciunt  carbones  et  vendunt 
extra  dominicum  ( ita  quod  libere  1  non  potest  seruire, 
finem),  Robertus  Lyngelegh  facit  ut  dictus  Thomas, 
Nicholas  Payn,  Walterus  Ede,  Thomas  atte  Mede, 
contra  ordinacionem.  Ideo  preceptum  est  attachiare 
omnes  supradictos  quod  sint  coram  Iohanne  de  Ha- 
deresham  die  Lune  in  festo  Sancte  Marie  Magdalene 
proxime  futuro  ad  audiendum  et  faciendum  ea  que  2 
ex  parte  domini  Regis  eis  iniungentur. 

4.  Surrk  Lymenesfeld. 

Placita  de  seruitoribus,  artificibus  et  aliis  laborariis 
tenta  ibidem  coram  Roberto  de  Belknappe  infra  vide¬ 
licet  libertatem  abbatis  de  Bello  virtute  quarumdam 
literarum  patencium  predicto  abbati  inde  directarum.3 
Et  eciam  virtute  eiusdem  libertatis  coram  Rogero 
Huse  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  allocatis  apud  Geldeford 
die  Iouis  in  Octabis  Assensionis,  anno  regni  .  .  .  . 
vicesimo  quinto . 

(On  15  March,  1351,  Huse  was  appointed  on  the 
joint  commission  of  the  peace  and  for  labourers  for 
Surrey,  and  on  20  June,  1354,  on  the  commission 
for  labourers';  see  “List  of  justices,”  app.,  B,  3.  Of 
Belknap’s  appointment  I  have  found  no  trace.) 


A  doubtful  reading;  MS.  lib. 


2  MS.  quod. 


3  MS.  directo. 


APPENDIX 


Nicholaus  de  Stafhurst  (vi  d.),  Rogerus 
Daly  (vi  d.),  Iohannes  Melleward  (vi  d.). 
Thomas  Waterman  (iii  d.),  Willelmus 
(pauper),  cartere,  Iohannes  Belamy  (pau¬ 
per),  Willelmus  Aaron  (pauper),  Iohan¬ 
nes  Bayllyf  (pauper),  Walterus  Notfeld 
(xii  d.),  Rogerus  Lambard  (iii  d.),  Io¬ 
hannes  Melleword,  senior  (iiii  d.),  Iohan¬ 
nes  Merey  (x  d.),  Willelmus  Spadiere  (iii 
d.),  Willelmus  Wastel  (vi  d.),  famuli  et 
seruitores  conuicti  sunt  ad  sectam  Iohannis 
de  Pondfolde  quod  propter  pestilenciam 
Excessus  iiii  s.  vii  d.  mercedes  ceperant  excessiuas  vltra  id  quod 

in  partibus  illis  dare  consueuerint,  quilibet 
videlicet  secundum  quod  super  nomen 
ipsius  annotatur.  Ideo  preceptum  est 
quod  summe  predicte  leuentur  de  eisdem. 
Et  modo  omnes  predicti  fecerunt  sacra- 
mentum  quod  de  cetero  in  libertate  ista 
commorabunt,  capientes  stipendia  et  sala- 
ria  in  statuto  contenta  etc. 

XV.  Assize  Roll,  Warwick,  971.  31  Edw.  III.  3  membranes. 

Praesentationes  ad  Sessiones  Iohannis  Sparry  et  aliorum 
de  Statutis  de  Operariis,  etc. 

On  5  Feb.,  1357,  de  Conyngesby,  Sparry  and  Spyneye  were 
appointed  justices  of  labourers  and  of  weights  and  measures; 
see  “List  of  justices,”  app.,  B,  3. 

Attached  to  this  roll  are  eleven  writs  addressed  to  the  jus¬ 
tices,  issued  by  the  king  as  a  result  of  petitions  to  him. 

No.  1.  Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et 

dominus  Hibernie,  iusticiariis  nostris  ad  ordina- 
cionem  et  statuta  de  operariis,  seruientibus  et  arti- 
ficibus  ac  de  mensuris  et  ponderibus  edita  in 
comitatu  Warr’  custodienda  assignatis,  salutem. 


216  * 

Famuli  conuicti 
conuicti 


pro  Rege. 


No.  2. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  21 7  * 

Volentes  certis  de  causis  cerciorari  que  et  quot 
fines,  amerciamenta  et  exitus  forisfacta  in  ses- 
sionibus  vestris  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo 
primo  vsque  ad  Clausum  Pasche  eodem  anno  quo 
die  parliamentum  nostrum  incepit,  facta,  affirata 
et  adiudicata  fuerunt,  et  de  quibus  personis, 
vobis  mandamus  quod  scrutatis  rotulis  vestris  de 
sessionibus  predictis  nos  inde  sub  sigillis  vestris 
in  cancellaria  nostra  reddatis  distincte  et  aperte 
sine  dilacione  cerciores,  hoc  breue  nobis  remit- 
tentes. 

Teste  me  ipso  apud  Westmonasterium,  xvi  die 
Octobris,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo  se- 
cundo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie  decimo  nono. 

Cf.  with  the  above  writ  the  following  enroll¬ 
ment  : 

Mem.  K.  R.,  34,  Hill.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  3d. 

Rex  thesaurario  et  baronibus  suis  de  scaccario 
ac  camerario  suis,  salutem.  Quandam  bagam  cum 
diversis  rotulis  et  recordis  in  eadem  inclusis  nobis 
in  cancellaria  nostra  per  Iohannem  de  Conyng- 
esby  et  socios  suos  nuper  iusticiarios  nostros  ad 
statuta  de  artificibus  et  seruientibus  ac  de  pon- 
deribus  et  mensuris  abusis  edita  in  comitatu  Warr’ 
custodienda  assignatos  de  mandato  nostro  liber- 
atam  vobis  mittimus,  mandantes  quod  bagam  pre- 
dictam  recipiatis  et  inde  fieri  faciatis  quod  1  fore 
videritis  faciendum. 

Teste  Thoma  filio  nostro  carissimo  custode  An¬ 
glie  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxvi  die  Ianuarii,. 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo  quarto,  regni 
vero  nostri  Francie  vicesimo  primo. 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie 
et  dominus  Hibernie,  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis  Io- 


1  In  MS.  quod  is  repeated. 


2l8  * 


APPENDIX 


No.  3. 


lianni  Sparry  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  ad  excessus 
operariorum  et  seruiencium  in  comitatu  Warr' 
audiendos  et  terminandos  assignatis,  salutem. 
Ouerelam  dilecti  nobis  in  Christo  abbatis  de 
Pippewell  recepimus  continentem  quod  cum  ipse 
habeat  diuersas  grangias  et  alia  loca  ad  domum 
suam  pertinencia  quorum  terre  pro  defectu  opera-i 
riorum  et  seruiencium  iacent  frisce  et  inculte,  et 
licet  idem  abbas  diuersos  habeat  tenentes  in  villis, 
grangiis,  et  locis  predictis  contiguis  qui  terras  suas 
colere  et  sibi  deseruire  possent  et  pre  ceteris  de- 
seruire  deberent,  vos,  nichilominus,  ad  hoc  con- 
sideracionem  non  habentes,  tenentes  huiusmodi 
ad  procuracionem  quorundam  emulorum  ipsius 
abbatis  aliis  deseruire  compellitis  et  per  alios  com- 
pelli  facitis  minus  iuste,  quamquam  prefatus  abbas 
sepius  et  cum  instancia  vobis  supplicauerit  huius¬ 
modi  tenentes  suos  ad  deseruiendum  ei  pro  com- 
petenti  salario  sibi  liberari,  super  quo  supplicauit 
sibi  per  nos  de  remedio  congruo  prouideri.  Nos 
aduertentes  non  esse  consonum  racioni  quod 
tenentes  ipsius  abbatis  aliis  deseruire  cogantur 
dumtamen  idem  abbas  de  eorum  seruiciis  indigeat, 
vobis  mandamus  quod  habito  respectu  ad  neces- 
sitatem  ipsius  abbatis  in  hac  parte  ei  tot  operarios 
et  seruientes  de  tenentibus  suis  et  aliis  quot  ei 
pro  terris  suis  colendis  et  aliis  operibus  suis  per- 
ficiendis  racionabiliter  sufficere  poterunt  habere 
faciatis  prout  de  iure  et  secundum  formam  ordi- 
nacionis  in  hac  parte  facte  fuerit  faciendum. 

Teste  me  ipso  apud  Westmonasterium,  secundo 
die  Maii,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo  se¬ 
cundo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie  decimo  nono. 

An  order  addressed  to  the  justices  for  the  mak¬ 
ing  of  standard  weights  and  measures,  on  com¬ 
plaint  of  Walter  Gutyng,  of  Evesham,  whom  the 


No.  4. 


No.  5. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  219  * 

same  justices  had  proceeded  against  for  selling 
wool  by  the  old  weights ;  16  March,  32  Edw.  III. 

On  complaint  of  the  mayor,  the  justices  are 
forbidden  to  interfere  with  the  assize  of  bread 
and  ale  within  the  town  of  Coventry,  this  assize 
having  been  granted  by  Queen  Isabel  to  the 
mayor,  bailiffs  and  men  of  Coventry;  3  April, 
31  Edw.  III. 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et 
dominus  Hibernie,  iusticiariis  suis  ad  ordinacio- 
nem  et  statuta  de  operatoribus,  seruientibus  et 
vitelariis  et  de  mensuris  et  ponderibus  edita  in 
comitatu  Warrewichie,  salutem.  Monstrauit 
nobis  Iuliana,  comitissa  Huntyngdon’,  domina 
maneriorum  de  Alleslee,  Filonglee,  Burthyngbury, 
Aston,  Cauntelou,  et  Stodleyely,1  in  comitatu  pre- 
dicto  quod  cum  ipsa  habeat  et  habere  debeat  ipsa- 
que  et  omnes  alii  domini  maneriorum  predictorum 
a  tempore  cuius  contrarii  memoria  non  existit, 
habere  consueuerint  visum  franciplegii  ibidem  de 
omnibus  hominibus  et  tenentibus  suis  in  eisdem 
maneriis  residentibus  et  emendas  assise  panis  et 
ceruisie  ibidem  fracte  et  omnia  alia  ad  huiusmodi 
visum  franciplegii  pertinencia ;  et  licet  eadem 
comitissa  per  balliuos  suos  maneriorum  predic¬ 
torum  pistores  et  braciatores  ac  alios  infra  ma- 
neria  predicta  residentes  pro  assisa  huiusmodi 
panis  et  ceruisie  fracta  et  pro  abusu2  mensura- 
rum  et  ponderum  in  maneriis  predictis  per  amer- 
ciamenta  et  alio  modo  per  ministros  suos  puniri 
et  amerciamenta  ilia  ad  opus  suum  leuari  fecerit, 
vos  tamen  eosdem  pistores  et  braciatores  et  alios 
residentes  predictos  pro  huiusmodi  assisa  panis  et 
ceruisie  fracta  et  abusu  mensurarum  et  ponderum 
predictorum,  ac  si  prius  ea  de  causa  puniti  non 


1  A  mistake  for  Stodleye,  now  Studley. 


2  MS.  absu. 


220 


APPENDIX 


* 


fuissent,  per  amerciamenta  grauia  alias  punire  in- 
tenditis,  quod  si  fieret  in  ipsius  comitisse  preiu- 
dicium,  ac  hominum  et  tenencium  suorum  predic- 
torum  oppressionem  cederet  manifeste.  Et  quia 
in  magno  consilio  nostro  apud  Westmonasterium 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  septimo  tento 
extitit  concordatum  quod  in  inquisicionibus  et 
punicionibus  pro  transgressionibus  huiusmodi  fa- 
ciendis,  libertates  dominorum  et  aliorum  semper 
saluentur,  nolentes  prefate  comitisse  aut  hominibus 
seu  tenentibus  supradictis  iniuriari  in  hac  parte, 
vobis  mandamus  quod  si  vobis  legitime  constare 
poterit  prefatam  comitissam  visum  franciplegii  in 
maneriis  predictis  ac  emendas  assise  panis  et  cer- 
uisie  de  hominibus  et  tenentibus  suis  predictis  in 
eisdem  maneriis  habere  vt  predictum  est,  tunc 
punicionibus  huiusmodi  pistorum,  braciatorum  et 
aliorum  hominum  et  tenencium  suorum  predic- 
torum  ibidem  pro  huiusmodi  assisa  fracta  et 
abusu  mensurarum  et  ponderum,  pro  quibus 
coram  balliuis  comitisse  predicte  puniti  fuerint, 
coram  vobis  iterato  faciendis  supersedeatis  om- 
nino,  ipsos  pistores  et  braciatores,  ac  homines  et 
tenentes  suos  predictos  ex  hac  causa  non  mole- 
stantes  in  aliquo  seu  grauantes,  prouiso  semper 
quod  mensure  et  pondera  hominum  et  tenencium 
suorum  predictorum  standardo  nostro  sint  con- 
cordancia,  iuxta  formam  statutorum 1  inde  edi- 
torum  et  quod  omnia  falsa  mensure  et  pondera 
comburentur  et  adnullentur  et  quod  ipsi  pro  de- 
lictis  pro  quibus  prius  puniti  non  fuerint,  per  vos 
puniantur  prout  decet. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xx  die 
Iunii,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo  primo, 
regni  vero  nostri  Francie  decimo  octauo. 


JMS.  statuorum. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  22I  * 

The  following  six  writs  deal  with  the  same 
matters : 

No.  6.  On  complaint  of  the  mayor  of  Coventry  within 

the  town  of  Coventry;  2  Aug.,  31  Edw.  III. 

No.  7.  Within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  prior  of  Coven¬ 

try;  28  July,  31  Edw.  III. 

No.  8.  On  complaint  of  John  de  Mohun  within  the 

manors  of  Great  Compton  and  Whichford;  15 
Nov.,  31  Edw.  III. 

No.  9.  On  complaint  of  the  prioress  of  Eton;  18  May, 

31  Edw.  III. 

No.  10.  On  complaint  of  the  prior  and  convent  of 

Kirkeby  “  monachorum ;”  1  8  May,  31  Edw.  III. 

No.  II.  On  complaint  of  Fulk  de  Bernyngham,  lord  of 

the  manor  of  Bernyngham;  3  July,  31  Edw.  III. 

m.  1.  Sessio  lohannis  Sparry  et  sociorum  suorum 

apud  Warr’,  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti 
Gregorii  Pape  anno  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post 
conquestum  tricesimo  primo. 

Kyngton. 

Mandatum  fuit  vicecomiti  ex  parte  domini 
Regis  quod  venire  faceret  coram  lohanne  Sparry 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  per  com- 
missionem  suam  eis  directam  ad  excessus  opera- 
riorum,  servientium  et  artificum  ac  defectus  pon- 
derum  et  mensurarum  in  comitatu  Warr’  puni- 
endos  assignatis  hie  ad  hunc  diem  xxiiii  probos 
et  legales  homines  de  hundredo  de  Kyngton  ac 
omnes  constabularies  villatarum  et  hameletarum 
eiusdem  hundredi  ad  faciendum  etc.  Et  vice- 
comes  modo  returnauit  xxiiii  etc.  et  similiter  con¬ 
stabularies  etc.  secundum  tenorem  dicti  mandati. 
Set  inquisicio  ilia  remanet  capienda  pro  defectu 


1  Now  Monks’  Kirbv. 


222 


APPENDIX 


* 


Pena 


iuratorum.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod 
distringat  predictos  iuratos,  scilicet  Henricum  de 
Pipe  et  alios  per  omnes  terras  etc.  et  quod  de 
exitibus  etc.  ita  quod  habeat  corpora  eorum 
apud  Warr  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  An- 
nunciacionis  beate  Marie  proxime  futurum  ad 
faciendum  etc. 

Constabularii  dicti  hundredi  venerunt  et  fece- 
runt  sacramentum.  Et  onerantur  per  eorum 
sacramentum  ad  inquirendum  de  omnibus  arti- 
culis  in  ordinacionibus  et  statutis  de  operariis, 
seruientibus  et  artificibus  ac  de  ponderibus  et 
mensuris  editis,  et  de  nominibus  illorum  qui  in 
abusu  ponderum  seu  mensurarum  deliquerint.  Et 
ad  capiendum  sacramentum  omnium  et  singu- 
lorum  operariorum,  seruiencium  et  artificum  in 
balliuis  suis  commorancium  ad  dictas  ordina- 
ciones  et  statuta  observanda.  Et  habent  diem  ad 
presentandum  et  certificandum  hie  ut  supra,  qui- 
libet  constabularius  sub  pena  xx  s. 

Venerunt  eciam  xii  liber i  de  villatis  de  Warr’ 
qui  fuerunt  iurati  et  onerati  ad  inquirendum  de 
articulis  predictis.  Et  habent  diem  hie  vt  supra, 
quilibet  iuratus  sub  pena  xx  s.  ad  presentandum 
etc. 

Couentre. 

Sessio  Iohannis  Sparry  et  sociorum  suorum 
apud  Couentre  die  Lune  proxima  ante  festum 
Annunciacionis  beate  Marie  anno  supradicto. 

Knyghtlow. 

Ad  quern  diem  veniunt  xxiiii  etc.  de  hundredo 
de  Knyghtlow  per  magnam  districcionem,  de 
quibus  xii  fuerunt  triati,  iurati  et  onerati  ad  in¬ 
quirendum  etc.  qui  nichil  presentant  ad  hunc  diem. 
Et  datus  illis  dies  ad  presentandum  apud  Couentre 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


223  * 

die  Mercurii  in  septimana  Pasche,  cuilibet  eorum 
sub  pena  xl  s. 

Presentacio  constabulariorum  hundredi  de 
Knyghtlow. 

Caldecote. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  Willelmus  de 
Sutton,  lohannes  Malynes,  Willelmus  Harrys, 
Henricus  Tayllour,  lohannes  Prat,  Rogerus  Shep- 
herde,  lohannes  Pount,  lohannes  Trauers,  Ricar- 
dus  Plelpete,  habent  bussellos  non  concordatos 
standardo.  Item  lohannes  Pount  vtitur  auncella 
contra  formam  statuti,  Avicia  Simond,  braciatrix 
et  operatrix,  recusat  iurare  propter  constabula- 
rium;  Willelmus  Harrys  habet  lagenam  non  con- 
cordatam  standardo. 

Folkeshull. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  lohannes  Wolf, 
Thomas  Holbrok,1  habent  bussellos  non  concor¬ 
datos  standardo. 

Item  Iohanna,  vxor  Thome  Rondulf,  Hauicia, 
uxor  Iohannis  Vynsent,  braciatrices,  vtuntur 
mensuris  non  concordatis  standardo. 

Item  presentat  quod  Robertus,{  quondam  ser- 
uiens  Ricardi  Vynsent,  lohannes  Curly,  lohannes, 
seruiens  Willelmi  Bandy,  lohannes  J  othe  Lane, 
wyrdrawere,  Ricardus  Vynsent,  wyrdrawere, 
lohannes,  seruiens  Iohannis  Scot,  Henricus 
Bodyn  et  lohannes  Marchal,i  faber,  recusarunt 
iurare  coram  constabulario  et  sunt  rebelles. 

Item  Willelmus  Bown  de  Cleybrok  recessit  a 
seruicio  Iohannis  Wolf  ante  finem  termini  sui 
contra  formam  ordinacionis  etc. 


1  Seven  others  named. 


APPENDIX 


224  * 
m.  1  d. 


Couentre. 


Adhuc  Knythlow. 

Lodbroke. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  .  .  .  Rogerus  le 
Coltherde  non  uult  seruire  per  terminum  set  per 
diem. 

•  ••*«»•»• 
Wyleby. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  .... 

Item  Willelmus  le  Cok,  Thomas  Crok,;j:  Hugo 
le  Cartere,  Ricardus  de  Keresleye,  Thomas  Bithe 
Brok,  et  Hugo  Pant  non  tenent  nisi  quartronam 
terre  et  nolunt  seruire  etc. 

»*••••••• 

Presentacio  iuratorum  et  constabulariorum  vil- 
late  de  Couentre  ad  eundem  diem. 

Couentre. 

Diuersi  constabularii  presentant  quod  Willel¬ 
mus  Typet  recessit  a  seruicio  suo  ante  finem  ter¬ 
mini  et  cepit  per  diem  iiii  d. 

Iohannes  de  Bilneye  et  Henricus,  seruiens  Wil- 
lelmi  Marchal,  negauerunt  iurare  et  sunt  rebelles. 

Agnes  que  fuit  seruiens  Willelmi  Bray  non  vult 
seruire  per  annum  pro  minore  quam  xxx  s . 

Reginaldus  de  Teue  recusat  iurare  et  est  rebel- 
lis  et  cepit  per  diem  v  d . 

Sessio  .  .  .  apud  Couentre,  die  Martis  proxima 
ante  festum  Annunciacionis  beate  Marie  anno 
regni  Regis  supradicto. 

Knythlow  Presentacio  iuratorum. 

•  •••••••• 

Kirkeby. 

Item  presentant  quod  .  .  .  Cristiana,  vxor  Reg- 
eri  Ferst,  exiit  in  aliam  villam  in  autumpno  post- 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  225  * 

quarn  requisita  fuit  ad  metendum  in  eadem  villa 
qua  morabatur  et  cepit  in  excessu  xii  d. 

•  •••••••• 

Bulkynton. 

Rogerus  de  Barton  cepit  in  excessu  in  au- 
tumpno  ii  s.  et  est  vacuus  et  non  vult  operare  nec 
seruire  et  alias  finiuit. 

Willelmus  Martyn  est  a  longo 1  vacuus  et 
potuit  operare  set  illud  recusat  omnino. 

Margeria  Martyn  elongauit  et  retinuit  Willel- 
mum  Martyn,  seruientem  Iohannis  de  Couentre,  a 
seruicio  dicti  Iohannis  etc. 

•  •••••♦»• 

(A  long  list  of  presentments  for  receipt  of  ex¬ 
cess  wages  follows,  most  of  the  offenders  belong¬ 
ing  to  Coventry.) 

m.  2.  Sessio  Iohannis  Sparry  et  sociorum  suorum 

apud  Solyhull  die  Veneris  in  septimana  Pasche, 
anno  regni  .  .  .  tricesimo  primo. 

•  •«•••••• 

Presentacio  constabulariorum  hundredi  de 
Humer. 

•  •••••••• 

Aston. 

.  .  .  Willelmus,  filius  Willelmi  Watten,  non 

vult  iustificari  ad  seruiendum  et  est  rebellis. 

Pollesworth. 


Item  David  Walsheman  recusauit  artem  suam. 
Adam,  seruiens  Willelmi  Dodenhale,  est  rebellis 
et  recusauit  iurare  coram  dicto  constabulario. 


1  MS.  aln. 


226  * 
m.  2  d. 


m.  3  Path’ 


Barlichway. 


APPENDIX 

Presentacio  constabulariorum  hundredi  de 
Kyngton. 

Pabyngton. 

•  •••••••• 

Willelmus  Marchal  cepit  pro  operacione  vnius 
pecie  ferri  ii  d.  obolum  et  pro  ferro  equino  i  d. 
obolum. 

•  «••••••• 

Sessio  lohannis  de  Conyngesby  et  sociorum 
suorum  apud  Stretford  die  Sabbati  proximo  post 
festum  Exaltacionis  Sancte  Crucis  anno  xxxim0. 

Stretford. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  dominus  Iohan- 
nes  Rydel,  monachus  de  Sounger,  Henricus,  bal- 
liuus  de  Clifford  Chaumberleyn,  .  .  .  P  condux- 
erunt  messores  in  autumpno  per  diem  pro  v  d. 
vel  vi  d.  contra  formam  ordinacionis  et  statuti  etc. 

(Presentments  follow  for  hiring  “messores  in 
autumpno  pro  duplici  salario  solito,  videlicet  pro 
vi  d.  per  diem.,,) 

Sessio  lohannis  de  Conyngesby  et  sociorum 
suorum  apud  Alyncestre  die  Lune  proximo  post 
festum  Exaltacionis  Sancte  Crucis  anno  supra- 
dicto. 

•  •«•»•••* 

Stodleye. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  Margeria,  ser- 
uiens  lohannis  Buryman,  recessit  a  villa  de  Stod¬ 
leye  in  autumpno  pro  maiore  salario  habendo.  .  .  . 

•  •••••••• 

Alyncestre. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  Iohanna  Cherle- 


‘  Nine  others. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  22J  * 

ford,!  Iohanna  Pupelton,|  Cristiana  Webbe,  Pe- 
tronilla  Romay,J  et  Alicia  Palmere  ceperunt  per 
diem  in  autumpno  iiii  d.  et  noluerunt  seruire  infra 
villam  de  Alyncestre  causa  maioris  salarii  lucri. 
•  ••••••  •• 

Snytenfeld. 

Constabularius  presentat  quod  nulli  seruientes, 
operarii  nec  artifices  fecerunt  contra  statutum  etc. 

Inquisicio  de  Iuratores  hundredi  de  Barlichway,  vicelicet  Ra- 

Alyncestre.  dulfus  Pauncefot  et  socii  sui  presentant  [etc.]. 

Item  prepositus  de  Cherlecote  allocauit  mes- 
sores  per  diem  in  autumpno  pro  vi  d.  publice. 

m.  3  d.  Path’  Sessio  Iohannis  Conyngesby  et  sociorum  su- 
orum  apud  Henleye,  die  Martis  proximo  post 
festum  Sancte  Fidiei  virginis  anno  xxxi. 

Barlichway . Iuratores  hundredi  de  Barlichway 

Inquisicio.  presentant . 

Item  presentant  quod  Alicia  Portreve,J  vxor 
Willelmi  Portreve  de  Henleye,  dat  excessiua  sala- 
ria  mulieribus  filantibus. 

Item  presentant  quod  Galfridus  de  Welneford, 
rector  ecclesie  de  Kynenarton,  dedit  duobus  fa- 
mulis  suis  pro  termino  yhemali  viii  s.  cum  libera- 
cionibus  eorum  et  cibo  cotidiano  percipiendo  in 
aula  sua. 

DATES  AND  PLACES  OF  SESSIONS. 

m.  I.  Warwick.1  31st  year.  Monday  after  St.  Gregory, 

Pope  (12  March). 

Coventry.  Tuesday  ditto. 

Monday  before  Annunciation 
of  Blessed  Virgin  Mary 
(25  March). 


'Town  of. 


228  *  APPENDIX 


m.  1  d. 

Tuesday  ditto. 

Colleshull. 

Wednesday  ditto. 

Warwick. 

Monday  after  Annunciation. 

Coventry. 

Wednesday  in  Easter  week. 

Warwick. 

Thursday  ditto. 

m.  2. 

Solyhull. 

Friday  ditto. 

m.  3. 

Stratford. 

Saturday  after  Exaltation  of 
Cross  (14  Sept.). 

Alyncestre. 

Monday  ditto. 

m.  3  d. 

Henleye. 

Tuesday  after  St.  Faith  (6 

Alyncestre. 

Oct.). 

- 1  after  Epiphany  (6 

Jan.). 

13  days;  7  places. 

Endorsement  of  roll. 

Memorandum  quod  prefati  iusticiarii  tenuerunt  ses- 
siones  suas  in  diuersis  locis  infra  comitatum  ad  omnia 
predicta  terminanda  et  ad  querelas  conquerencium  audi- 
endas  et  similiter  terminandas  per  xxvii  dies,  quorum 
fines  patent  in  rotulo  de  finibus,  videlicet  in  anno  presenti 
post  vltimutn  diem  suprascriptum. 

t  XVI.  Assize  Roll,  Wiltshire,  1018.  26  Edw.  III.  16  mem¬ 

branes. 

Praesentationes. 

This  roll  consists  entirely  of  proceedings  on  the  statutes  of 
labourers  “  coram  deputatis  iusticiariorum  Regis,”  as  well  as 
before  the  justices  themselves,  and  is  especially  valuable  for 
the  variety  of  occupations  represented  by  the  offenders.  I  give 
no  extracts  from  it,  as  it  was  translated  by  Miss  E.  M.  Thomp¬ 
son  and  printed  in  the  Wiltshire  Archceological  and  Natural 
History  Magazine,  xxxiii,  under  the  title  of  “  Offenders  against 
the  Statute  of  Labourers  in  Wiltshire,  A.  D.  1349.” 


1  No  day. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  229  * 

m.  7  contains  the  following  heading : 

Responsum  Iohannis  de  Flory  et  Walteri  de  Littlecote  depu- 
tatorum  iusticiariorum  domini  Regis  in  Kynbridge  apud  Deuises 
die  Lune  in  festo  Sancti  Barnabe  anno  xxvit0. 

Inquisicio  capta  apud  Kynbridge  coram  Iohanne  de  Flory  et 
Waltero  de  Littlecote  deputatis  Willelmi  de  Schareshull  et  soci¬ 
orum  suorum  die  Mercurii  proximo  post  festum  Sancte  Trini- 
tatis  anno  regni  ....  xx°  sexto  per  sacramentum.  .  .  . 

On  15  March,  1351,  William  de  Shareshull  and  six  others 
were  appointed  on  the  joint  commission  of  the  peace  and  for 
labourers;  see  “List  of  justices,”  app.,  B,  3. 

{XVII.  Ancient  Indictments,  Wiltshire,  131.  29  Edw.  III.1 

This  roll  consists  entirely  of  proceedings  on  the  statutes  of 
labourers  “  coram  deputatis  iusticiariorum.” 

m.  2.  Kyngbridge. 

Presentaciones  et  examinaciones  facte  coram  Wil- 
lelmo  de  Chuselden  et  sociis  suis  deputatis  iusticia¬ 
riorum  in  eodem  hundredo  anno  regni  .  .  xxix0. 

•  ••••••• 

Finis.  Et  quod  Stephanus  Hobecok,  tannere,  cepit  excessiue 
de  diuersis  hominibus  ii  s. 

Quia  habet  Et  quod  Iohannes  le  Soutere  de  Netherworfton 
terram  qui  alias  iuratus  fuit  ad  excercendum  artem  su- 

sufficientem.  toris  etc.  dictam  artem  recusauit  contra  formam 
statuti. 

Finis.  Et  quod  Willelmus  Burgh,  stonleggere,  cepit 

excessiue  pro  arte  sua  xii  d . 

m.  3.  Responsum  deputatorum  de  Candon  et  Cadeworth. 

«••••••• 

Iohannes  Blampe,  seruiens  de  Berford,  summonitus 
fuit  coram  deputatis  et  non  venit. 

Alexander  Merchant,  seruiens  de  Hurdkote,  summo- 


’M.  7  includes  the  28th  year. 


APPENDIX 


230  * 

nitus  fuit  coram  deputatis  apud  Netheraton  et  noluit 
venire. 

Idem  Alexander  de  villa  summonitus  fuit  coram  de¬ 
putatis  apud  Notton  et  noluit  venire. 

m.  4.  Noua  Sarum. 

»••••••• 

Iohannes  Stut  elongauit  et  receptauit  Cristinam  Con- 
ynges  a  seruicio  Iohannis  Iustice  ante  finem  termini 
inter  eos  concordati  sine  causa  racionabili  vel  licencia 
recedendi 1  etc. ;  manucaptores  Iohannes  Scut,  Iohan¬ 
nes  Cole,  Thomas  Webbe. 

•  ••••••• 

Iohannes  Charlemayn  non  est  prosecutus  versus  Ricar- 
dum  Pateneye  de  placito  noui  statuti. 

Plegii  de  prosequendo,  Thomas  Tuffe,  Iohannes  de 
Langeforde. 


(ms.  5,  6,  7,  contain  lists  of  labourers  and  craftsmen,  weavers, 
butchers,  etc.,  in  various  districts  who  were  guilty  of 
the  receipt  of  excess  wages  and  prices.) 

m.  8.  Hundredum  de  Werminstre. 

•  ••••••• 

Finis  Alicia  Pryns,  braciatrix,  cepit  excessiue  prius  indictata 
xl  d. 

Finis.  Agnes  Stiles,  braciatrix,  cepit, excessiue  vi  d. 

«••••••* 

Finis  Emma  Bledon,  braciatrix,  cepit  excessiue  xii  d. 

•  ••••••• 

Margareta  Taillour,  filatrix,  cepit  excessiue  xii  d. 

Finis.  Alicia  Rattes,  filatrix,  cepit  excessiue  iii  d. 

•  •  •  *  •  •  •  •  • 
m.  9.  Worwelesdon. 


1  MS.  recedent. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  23 1  * 

Finis.  Iohannes  Elys,  braciator,  cepit  excessiue  xii  d. 

Finis.  Emma  Goldes,  filatrix,  cepit  excessiue  xii  d. 

•  ■  *  *  •  •  •  •  • 
Finis.  Iohannes  Ballare,  senior,  triturarius,  cepit  excessiue 
xii  d. 

Finis.  Iohannes  Howes,  carnifex,  cepit  excessiue  xii  d. 

*•••#••• 
m.  12.  Selkele.  Responsurn  deputatorum  ibidem. 

Finis.  Nicholaus  Danyel  de  Ricardeston,  triturarius,  cognouit 
quod  percepit  pro  iiii  quarteriis  ordei  viii  d.  et  sic  cepit 
excessiue  ii  d. 

Idem  Nicholaus  $  et  Cristina  vxor  eius  metierunt  fru- 
mentum  per  vi  dies  in  autumpno  et  ceperunt  xvimam 
-  garbam,  quequidarn  garba  preualuit  alias  de  tanto,  quod 
quilibet  cepit  per  diem  excessiue  i  d. 

•  ••••••• 

Henricus  Faber  f  de  Henton  cepit  per  totum  annum 
ad  fabricandum  i  libram  de  spaynyschire  iii  quarteria. 
Iohannes  J  Tullok  de  Rabbedestone,  braciator,  vetuit 
vendere  ceruisiam  extra  domum,  set  earn  custodit  de 
vno  die  ad  aliam  quod  earn  carius  vendat  etc. 

J  XVIIL  Assize  Roll,  Wiltshire,  1019.  31  Edw.  III.  3  mem¬ 
branes. 

Inquisitiones  de  ponderibus,  mensuris,  etc. 

Although  the  larger  part  of  this  roll  consists  of  offences 
against  the  statute  of  weights  and  measures,  it  also  contains 
instances  of  offences  against  the  wages  and  price  clauses  of 
the  statutes  of  labourers.  The  following  entry  explains  its 
preservation : 

Mem.  K.  R.,  34,  Hill.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  7  d. 

pro  Rege  Rex  thesaurario  et  baronibus  suis  de  scaccario,  salu- 
tem.  Quandam  bagam  cum  quibusdam  rotulis  et  re- 
cordis  in  eadem  inclusis  nobis  in  cancellariam  nostram 


2^2  * 


m.  i. 


Finis. 

Finis. 

Finis. 


APPENDIX 

per  Iohannem  de  Roches  et  socios  suos  nuper  iustici- 
arios  nostros  ad  statuta  de  operariis,  seruientibus  et 
artificibus  ac  de  mensuris  et  ponderibus  abusis  in  comi- 
tatu  Wilt’  custodienda  assignatos  de  mandato  nostro 
missam,  vobis  mittimus,  mandantes  quod  dictam 
bagam  cum  rotulis  et  recordis  predictis  recipiatis  et 
inde  faciatis  quod  fore  videritis  faciendum. 

Teste  Thoma  filio  nostro  carissimo  custode  Anglie, 
apud  Redynges,  xxx  die  Ianuarii  anno  regni  nostri 
Anglie  tricesimo  quarto,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie 
vicesimo  primo. 

Inquisicio  capta  apud  Deuyses  die  Mercurii  in  septi- 
mana  Pasche  coram  Iohanne  Euerard  et  sociis  suis 
iusticiariis  domini  Regis  assignatis  per  commissionem 
domini  Regis  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post 
conquestum  xxxi0  per  sacramentum  1  .  .  .  .  qui  dicunt 
super  sacramentum  suum  quod  omnes  subsequentes 
nominati  vendiderunt  [et]  emerunt  per  mensuras  non 
concordantes  ad  standardum  et  excessive  ceperunt. 

•  •  •  •  • 

(On  5  Feb.  1357,  Everard,  de  Roches  and  atte 
Bergh  were  appointed  justices  of  labourers  and  of 
weights  and  measures;  see  “List  of  justices,”  app.? 
B,  3-) 

Quedhampton. 

•  ••••••• 

Iohannes  le  Fysschere,  senior,  pistor,  cepit  excessiue 
vi  d. 

•  •••  •••• 

Iohannes  Oldebury,  dobbere,  cepit  excessiue  vi  d. 

•  ••••••• 

Robertus  Muleward,  carpentarius,  cepit  excessiue  vi  d.. 

Sharreneton. 


1  Names  of  the  jurors. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  233  * 

Finis.  Iohannes  Shoppere,  cissor,  cepit  excessiue  vi  d. 

Finis.  Iohannes  Crowere,  braciator,  cepit  excessiue  vi  d. 

•  •••••  •  • 
Hanggynggelangeford. 

Walterus  le  Smyth,  sunyere,  cepit  excessive  ii  d. 

•  ••••«•• 

m.  1  d.  Tydolueshyde. 

•  ••••••• 

Roger  us  Hay  don,  braciator,  cepit  excessiue  iii  d.  finis. 
•  ••(•••• 

Walterus  Pullyng,  carnifex,  cepit  excessiue  iii  d. 

•  •••••  •• 

Willelmus  Floxhalkere,  triturarius,  cepit  excessiue  iii  d. 
•  •••«•  •• 

m.  3.  Inquisicio  capta  coram  Iohanne  de  Roches,  Waltero 

Attebergh  et  Iohanne  Everard  die  Lune  proxima  ante 
festum  Annunciacionis  beate  Marie  anno  regni  Regis 
Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu  xxxi°  iusticiariis  domini 
Regis  ad  audiendum  et  terminandum  omnes  transgres- 
siones  factas  in  comitatu  Wiltes’  per  mensuras  exces- 
siuas  cuiuscumque  mensure  seu  ponderis  contra  ordi- 
nacionem  domini  Regis  nunc,  et  eciam  predecessorum 
suorum  a  tempore  quo  non  extitit  memoria,  et  eciam 
super  operarios,  laborarios  et  alios  contentos  in  ordi- 
nacione  domini  Regis  capientes  mercedes  excessiuas 
de  nouo  constituta  1  et  edita  et  de  assensu  communis 
consilii  magnatum  regni  sui  per  sacramentum . 

(Presentments  by  jurors  of  a  long  list  of  “vendi- 
tores  ”  and  of  five  “  emptores  ”  guilty  of  excess 
prices.) 

Omnes  isti  infrascripti  et  extra,  venditores  et 
emptores  vnusquisque  in  gradu  suo,  vendiderunt  et 
emerunt  per  buschellos  excessiuos.  Set  dicunt  dicti 
iurati  quod  dicti  venditores  quicquid  vendiderunt  ex- 

1  Probably  27  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  3;  cf.  app.,  17. 


APPENDIX 


234* 

cessiue  contra  voluntatem  suam  hoc  fecerunt  quia 
totum  ad  dampnum  eorum.  Set  dicunt  eciam  quod 
emptores  infrascripti  et  extra,  ut  in  ciuitatibus  1  et 
burgis  et  aliis  villis  mercatoriis,  pistores,  braciatores  et 
alii  mercatores  emptores  fecerunt  buschellos  suos  ita 
excessiuos  et  per  longum  tempus  sic  eos  continuarunt 
et  adbuc  continuant,  ita  quod  nullus  venditor  aliter 
potest  blada  sua  vendere  et  sic  mensuram  rectam 
domini  Regis  et  predecessorum  suorum  spreuerunt  et 
omnino  deliquerunt  ad  graue  [dampnum]  domini 
Regis,  magnatum  suorum  et  aliorum  terras  tenendum 
regni  sui. 

In  cuius  rei  testimonium  sigilla  sua  apposuerunt. 

•  •••••#• 
m.  3  d.  Isti  subscript  sunt  qui  ceperunt  mercedem  excessiue 
in  eadem  villa  (Fouente). 

Robertus  Warde,  laborarius,  cepit  excessiue  vi  d. 
Iohannes  Silke,  victualarius,  cepit  excessive  xii  d. 
Johannes  Coke,  victualarius,  cepit  excessive  xii  d. 
Willelmus  Mulewarde  cepit  in  excessu  vi  d. 

Iohannes  Rede,  laborarius,  cepit  in  excessu  xii  d. 
Rogerus  Chalunners,  laborarius,  cepit  in  excessu  ii  s. 
Iohannes  Rolfe,  braciator,  cepit  in  excessu  vi  d. 
Ricardus  Tiverton,  victualarius,  cepit  in  excessu  iii  d. 
Iohannes  Bocher,  laborarius,  cepit  in  excessu  iii  d. 

(An  undated  writ 2  at  end  of  roll.) 

Thomas  Hungerford,  vicecomes  Wilt’,  balliuo  hundredi  de 
Alwardby,  salutem.  Ex  precepto  Iohannis  de  Roches  et  soci¬ 
orum  suorum  iusticiariorum  domini  Regis  tibi  mando  quod  dis¬ 
tringas  priorem  del  Iuychurch,  Henricum  le  Foxhuntere  .  .  .  .3 
ita  quod  habeas  corpora  eorum  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  apud 

*MS.  ciuibus. 

‘Attached  to  it  are  sixteen  narrow  slips  of  parchment  containing 
some  of  the  names  in  the  body  of  the  writ. 

SA  long  list  of  indicted. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  235  * 

Nouum  Sarum  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Nicholai 
ad  respondendum  domino  Regi  quare  emerunt  et  vendiderunt 
per  mensuras  discordantes  standardo.  Et  tu  ibidem  sis  cum 
sufficienti  responso  tuo  et  hoc  mandato. 

Ancient  Indictments,  164.  Divers  Counties.1 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dominus 
Hibernie,  vicecomiti  Wiltes’,  salutem.  Precipimus  tibi  quod 
exigi  facias  Walterum  atte  Bergh,|  2  braciatorem  hundredi  de 
Caine,  Ricardum  Barleger,J  braciatorem,  et  Cristiniam, { 
vxorem  Willelmi  Thomelyn,  braciatricem  de  eodem  hundredo, 
Willelmum  J  le  carpenter  de  Xmmere,  hundredi  de  Swan- 
borough,  Cristiniam  Tabours  de  Schawe,  Margeriam  Sylle  de 
Wylecote,  vitellarias,;j;  Willelmum  Dounyng  de  Escote,  carpen- 
tarium,  et  Margaretam  Magotes  de  eodem  hundredo  de  Swan- 
borough,  Willelmum  Ioye,  triturarium  hundredi  de  Caine,  Wil¬ 
lelmum  $  Muleward,  messorem  hundredi  de  Alwardby,  Cris¬ 
tiniam  J  Dorsete,  Iohannem  J  Coo,  Editham  J  Muleward,  Iuli- 
anam  le  Batyere,  Radulfum  J  Lollow,  Rogerum  Waleys,  Tho- 
mam  le  Tayllour,  Ricardum  le  Webbe  de  Westdeone,  Isabel- 
lam  |  Laurentz,  messorem, J  Cristiniam  J  le  Freynsche,  mes¬ 
sorem,  Robertum  Boucher  J  de  Westdeone,  Aliciam  J  la  Deye, 
messorem,  Elenam  ;j:  Wylies,  messorem,  et  Streche  atte  Forde 
de  eodem  hundredo  de  Alwardby,  Iohannem  Chesman,  tayl¬ 
lour,  Iohannem  le  Smith  de  Deuises  et  Nicholaum  le  Smith 
de  Nywebury,  de  comitatu  in  comitatum  quousque  secundum 
legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri  Anglie  vtlagentur  si  non 
comparuerint.  Et  si  comparuerint  tunc  eos  capias  et  saluo 
custodiri  facias  ita  quod  habeas  corpora  eorum  coram  dilectis 
et  fidelibus  nostris  Willelmo  de  Schareshulle  et  sociis  suis  ius- 
ticiariis  nostris  ad  omnes  excessus  in  comitatu  tuo  factos 
audiendos  et  terminandos  assignatis  apud  Nouum  Sarum  die 

1 1  print  extracts  from  the  roll  for  Wilts,  as  completing  the  process 
already  given  in  the  three  preceding  Wilts,  rolls. 

2 The  t  indicates  that  sr,  meaning  “supersedeas,"  is  written  over  the 
name  in  the  original. 


APPENDIX 


236  * 

Martis  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Iohannis  ante  Portam  Lati- 
nam  ad  respondendum  nobis  de  diuersis  excessubus  vnde  in- 
dictati  sunt.  Et  habeas  ibidem  inde  responsum  tuum  et  hoc 
breve. 

Teste  I.  de  Roches,  apud  Deuises,  vit0  die  Nouembris,  anno 
regni  nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  octauo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie 
quinto  decimo. 

(On  the  dorse  of  above  writ)  : 

Ego  Iohannes  Euerard  vicecomes  exigi  feci  Walterum  atte 
Bergh,  braciatorem  hundredi  de  Caine  et  omnes  alios  in  isto 
breui  nominatos  quousque  quidam  eorum  venerunt  et  tulerunt 
brevia  domini  Regis  de  supersedeas,  quidam  vtlagati  fuerunt  et 
quidam  Iohannes  le  Smyth  de  Deuises  venit  et  reddidit  se 
prisone  domini  Regis  prout  in  recordo  et  processu  inde  habitis 
huic  brevi  annexatis  plenius  continetur;  que  quidem  breuia  de 
supersedendo  sunt  huic  breui  consuta.  Et  corpus  predicti 
Iohannis  le  Smyth  habebo  coram  vobis  ad  diem  et  locum  infra- 
scriptos  prout  in  isto  breui  michi  precipitur. 

Ad  comitatum  tentum  apud  Wilton  die  Martis  proximo  post 
festum  Sancti  Martini  episcopi  primo  exacti  sunt. 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dominus 
Hibernie,  vicecomiti  Wiltes’,  salutem.  Cum  nuper  tibi  precep- 
erimus  per  breue  nostrum  quod  exigi  faceres  Walterum  atte 
Bergh,  braciatorem  hundredi  de  Caine,  Ricardum  Barleger, 
braciatorem  et  Cristiniam,  vxorem  Willelmi  Thomelyn,  bracia- 
tricem  de  eodem  hundredo,  de  comitatu  in  comitatum  quousque 
secundum  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri  Anglie  vtla- 
gentur,  si  non  comparuissent.  Et  si  comparuissent,  tunc  eos 
caperes  et  saluo  custodiri  faceres,  ita  quod  haberes  corpora 
eorum  coram  dilectis  et  fklelibus  nostris  Willelmo  de  Schares- 
hull  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  nostris  ad  omnes  excessus  in 
comitatu  tuo  factos  audiendos  et  terminandos  assignatis  apud 
Nouum  Sarum  die  Martis  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Iohannis 
ante  Portam  Latinam  ad  respondendum  nobis  de  diuersis  ex¬ 
cessubus  vnde  indictati  sunt:  ac  postmodum  predicti  Walterus, 
Ricardus  et  Cristinia  venerunt  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  et 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


23 7  * 

satisfecerunt  nobis  pro  excessubus  predictis.  Ideo  tibi  pre- 
cipimus  quod  de  eisdem  Waltero,  Ricardo  et  Cristina  vlterius 
exigendo,  capiendo,  vtlagando,  seu  quouismodo  molestando 
occasione  predicta  supersedeas  omnino. 

Teste  G.  de  Berewyk,  apud  Nouum  Sarum,  xxvt0  die  No- 
uembris,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  octauo,  regni  vero 
nostri  Francie  quinto  decimo. 

(There  follow  similar  writs  of  supersedeas  for  William 
Muleward,  Cristina  Dorsete,  John  Coo,  Edith  Muleward,  Ralph 
Lollow,  Isabella  Laurentz,  Christina  le  Freynsche,  Robert  Bou¬ 
cher  and  Ellen  Wylies,  dated  at  New  Sarum,  24  Feb.,  29th 
year,  and  for  William  the  carpenter  of  Immere,  and  Alice  la 
Deye,  dated  at  New  Sarum,  4  March,  29th  year.) 

Wiltes’  Comitatus  tentus  apud  Wilton,  die  Martis  proximo 
post  festum  Sancti  Martini,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
post  conquestum  vicesimo  octauo. 

Ad  hunc  comitatum  dominus  Rex  mandauit  hie  breue  suum 
in  hec  verba.  Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  etc.  (the  above  writ  of 
exigend  is  quoted  in  full)  ;  virtute  cuius  breuis  predictus 
Walterus  atte  Berwe,  braciator  hundredi  de  Caine  et  omnes  alii 
supradicti  ad  hunc  diem  primo  exacti  fuerunt.  Et  non  com- 
paruerunt.  Ideo  secundo  exigantur  ad  proximum  comitatum. 

Comitatus  tentus  apud  Wilton,  die  Martis  proximo  post  fes¬ 
tum  Sancte  Lucie  virginis,  anno  supradicto  [anno  vicesimo 
octauo] . 

Ad  hunc  comitatum  Walterus  atte  Berwe,  braciator  hundredi 
de  Caine  et  omnes  alii  superius  nominati  secundo  exacti  fuerunt 
per  breue  domini  Regis  ad  respondendum  domino  Regi  de 
diuersis  excessubus  vnde  indictati  sunt.  Et  non  comparuerunt. 
Ideo  tercio  exigantur  ad  proximum  comitatum. 

Comitatus  tentus  apud  Wilton,  die  Martis  in  festo  Sancti 
Hillarii,  anno  supradicto. 

Ad  hunc  comitatum  Walterus  atte  Berwe,  braciator  hun¬ 
dredi  de  Caine  et  omnes  alii  superius  nominati  tercio  exacti 


APPENDIX 


238  * 

fuerunt  per  breue  dorriini  Regis  ad  respondendum  domino  Regi 
de  diuersis  excessubus  vnde  indictati  sunt.  Et  non  comparu- 
erunt.  Ideo  quarto  exigantur  ad  proximum  comitatum. 

Comitatus  tentus  apud  Wilton,  die  Martis  in  festo  Sancte 
Scolastice  virginis,  anno  vicesimo  nono. 

Ad  hunc  comitatum  Walterus  atte  Berwe,  braciator  hun- 
dredi  de  Caine  et  omnes  alii  superius  nominati  quarto  exacti 
fuerunt  per  breue  domini  Regis  ad  respondendum  domino  Regi 
de  diuersis  excessubus  vnde  indictati  sunt  et  non  comparuerunt. 
Sed  quidam  Iohannes  Broun  venit  et  manucepit  eos  de  habendo 
ipsos  ad  proximum  comitatum. 

Comitatus  tentus  apud  Wilton,  die  Martis  proximo  ante  fes- 
tum  Sancti  Gregorii  Pape,  anno  xxix0  supradicto. 

Ad  hunc  comitatum  Walterus  atte  Berwe,  braciator  hundredi 
de  Caine  et  omnes  alii  superius  nominati  quinto  exacti  fuerunt 
per  breue  domini  Regis  ad  respondendum  domino  Regi  de 
diuersis  excessubus  vnde  indictati  sunt.  Et  ipsi  omnes  preter 
Cristinam  Tabours  de  Shawe,  Margeriam  Sille  de  Wilcote, 
vitellarias,  Willelmum  Dounyng  de  Escote,  carpentarium,  Mar- 
garetam  Magotes,  Willelmum  Ioye,  triturarium,  Iulianam  le 
Batiere,  Rogerum  Waleys,  Thomam  le  Taillour,  Ricardum  le 
Webbe  de  Westdeone,  Streche  atte  Forde,  Iohannem  Chesman, 
tailour,  Iohannem  le  Smyth  de  Deuises  et  Nicholaum  le 
Smyth  de  Nywebury,  venerunt  et  tulerunt  breuia  domini  Regis 
de  supersedendo ;  virtute  quorum  breuium  Iohannes  Euerard, 
vicecomes,  de  ipsis  vlterius  exigendo,  vtlagando  seu  capiendo 
occasione  premissa  omnino  supersedit.  Et  predictus  Iohannes 
le  Smyth  venit  et  reddit  se  prisone  domini  Regis  et  predicti 
Cristina  Tabours,  Margeria  Sille,  Willelmus  Dounyng,  Marga- 
reta  Magotes,  Willelmus  Ioye,  Iuliana  le  Batiere,  Rogerus 
Waleys,  Thomas  le  Taillour,  Ricardus  le  Webbe,  Streche  atte 
Forde,  Iohannes  Chesman  et  Nicholaus  le  Smyth  non  com¬ 
paruerunt.  Ideo  secundum  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  An- 
glie  vtlagati  et  weyfiate  in  presencia  Roberti  de  Echelhampton 
et  Roberti  de  Remmesbury  coronatorum  domini  Regis. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


239* 

For  an  excellent  example  of  a  pardon  for  outlawry  of  an 
offender  convicted  before  the  justices  of  labourers  in  Wilts., 
cf.  Pat.,  27,  pt.  2,  m.  14;  Cal.,  ix,  485. 1  For  an  example  of  a 
certificate  of  the  process  of  outlawry  sent  into  chancery  by 
the  justices  and  always  mentioned  in  the  pardon,  cf.  County 
Placita,  York,  W.  R.,  no.  61. 

The  roll  described  in  List  of  Plea  Rolls  under  “Coroners’ 
Rolls  ”  as  Rotulus  Coronatoris,  Wilts.,  198,  7  membranes, 
proves  to  be  a  roll  of  exigends  of  a  long  list  of  offenders 
convicted  before  the  justices  of  labourers  during  the  years  28- 
31  Edw.  III.  It  includes  the  same  full  details  of  process  as 
does  the  roll  just  quoted,  but  gives  very  many  more  names  of 
offenders.  Likewise,  Coroners’  Rolls,  Suffolk,  175,  28-31  Edw. 
Ill,  12  membranes,  and  176,  29  Edw.  Ill,  7  membranes,  each 
described  as  Rotulus  Coronatoris,  prove  to  be  rolls  of  exigends ; 
they  include  instances  of  offenders  against  the  statutes  of 
labourers  convicted  before  the  justices  of  labourers  as  well  as 
in  the  upper  courts.2 

2.  Records  illustrating  the  supervision  of  the  justices  in  session. 
(Cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  ii,  7.) 

INTRODUCTORY  NOTE. 

Assize  Rolls. 

These  have  already  been  referred  to  as  catalogued  in  List 
of  Plea  Rolls,  in  some  cases  with  inadequate  description  of 
their  character.  My  examination  of  the  series  was  with  the 
specific  purpose  of  identifying  sessional  records,  and  there¬ 
fore  included  only  a  cursory  glance  at  rolls  that  were  plainly 
rolls  of  oyer  and  terminer;  but  even  this  slight  investigation 
showed  several  instances  where  the  justices  were  under  in¬ 
dictment  for  misdeeds  in  session,  and  there  are  probably  more 
such  instances. 

Chancery  as  a  Court  of  Law. 

The  latter  half  of  the  fourteenth  century  is  the  period  dur- 


1  Cf.  also  app.,  F,  2. 


5Pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  1,  and  app.,  F,  2. 


2  40 


APPENDIX 


* 

mg  which  the  process  of  separation  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
chancellor  from  that  of  the  council  began, — a  process  that  was 
not  completed  until  the  next  century.  Cf.  Palgrave,  The 
Kings  Council ;  Spence,  Equitable  Jurisdiction  of  Chancery , 
especially  v.  i,  pt.  2,  bk.  1,  chs.  2,  3  and  4;  and  Baildon,  Select 
Cases  from  Chancery,  especially  introduction,  xvi  et  seq.,  xxix- 
xxx,  and  xlv.  See  also  Mr.  Baldwin’s  article  on  the  council 
in  Trans.  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  xix,  47-54,  for  an  account  of  the 
judicial  side  of  the  council  at  a  little  earlier  date. 

The  case  recorded  by  Burton,  in  Chron.  de  Melsa  (see  pt.  i, 
ch.  ii,  s.  7),  is  an  excellent  example  of  the  difficulty  during  this 
transition  period  of  making  clear-cut  distinctions  between  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  king,  the  king’s  council,  and  the  chancellor; 
undoubtedly  further  study  will  show  similar  cases. 

Judicial  proceedings  on  the  equity  side  are  usually  said  to 
have  been  formally  recorded  only  from  the  reign  of  Richard  II ; 
cf.  Baildon,  op.  cit.,  and  List  of  Early  Chancery  Proceedings, 
v.  i,  Lists  and  Indexes,  no.  xii. 

The  series  known  as  County  Placita  are  classified  by  Scargill- 
Bird,  op.  cit.,  under  “ Chancery,  common  law  side” — a  classifi¬ 
cation  which  according  to  Mr.  Pike  (“Common  Law  and  Con¬ 
science”  in  Law  Quarterly  Review,  i)  is  not  always  correct. 
He  analyzes  one  of  the  documents  in  the  series  to  show  that  it 
comes  under  the  head  of  equity,  not  common  law,  and  quotes 
it  as  proof  of  his  contention  that  at  this  date  there  is  no 
broadly  marked  distinction  between  the  two  types  of  judicial 
functions. 

The  County  Placita  include  transcripts  of  proceedings 
brought  into  chancery  by  writ  of  certiorari  and  often  sent  hence 
by  a  mittimus  into  other  courts.  A  manuscript  catalogue 
gives  county,  regnal  year,  and  a  brief  summary  of  contents. 
For  this  decade  there  are  three  rolls  of  transcripts  of  pro¬ 
ceedings  before  the  justices  of  labourers,  one  of  which  seems 
to  be  merely  a  part  of  the  regular  outlawry  process. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


241 


* 


King’s  Bench. 

Coram  Rege  Rolls.  Cf.  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  1,  for  description. 

A  very  slight  search  through  these  rolls  showed  several  in- 
teresting  proceedings  before  the  justices  of  labourers,  and  an 
exhaustive  examination  would  undoubtedly  discover  more. 

The  series  known  as  Ancient  Indictments  contains  several  in¬ 
stances  where  justices  are  indicted  “  coram  Rege  ”  for  extor¬ 
tion  in  their  sessions. 

Extracts  from  Assise  Rolls,  Coram  Rege  Rolls  and  County 

Placita. 

Assize  Roll,  Lancaster,  436,  28-29  Edw.  III.  (Annis  Ducatus 
iiiit0  et  vt0.)  16  membranes. 

Indictamenta  capta  apud  Preston  coram  eisdem  (i.  e. 
Thoma  de  Seton  et  sociis  suis). 

Placita  querelarum  et  Coronae. 

“Cokayn” 

m.  1.  Indictamenta  capta  coram  T.  de  Seton  et  sociis  suis 
iusticiariis  domini  ducis  Lane’  apud  Preston  die  Mer- 
curii  post  festum  Sancti  Matthei  apostoli  anno  duca¬ 
tus  quarto. 


m.  2  d.  Derbishire.  Secunda  Inquisicio  de  eadem  sessione. 


(William  de  Chorley,  clerk  of  the  wapentake  of 
Derby,  is  indicted  for  conspiracy.)  Et  dicunt  quod 
Trans-  cum  Iohannes  de  Linlegh  indictatus  fuit  coram  lo- 
gressio.  hanne  Hauerington  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  de  nouo 
statuto  de  excessu,  predictus  Willelmus  de  Chorlay, 
clericus  iusticiariorum  predictorum,  ipsum  Iohannem 
de  indictamento  predicto  recusauit  et  vnum  alium 
Iohannem  de  Legh  per  falsitatem  ipsius  Willelmi  in- 
trauit,  die  Martis  proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Hil- 
larii,  anno  xxvii°. 


242  *  APPENDIX 

m.  io.  Indictamenta  capta  apud  Preston  coram  I.  Cokayn 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  ducis  Lane’  die  Lune 
proximo  ante  festum  Sancti  Laurencii,  anno  ducatus 
Lane’  quinto. 

Ammundernesse. 

Item  dicunt  quod  [cum]  quidam  Iohannes  de  Lyn- 
legh,  seruiens,  et  indictatus  coram  iusticiariis  seruien- 
cium  et  per  processum  exigatus  fuit  in  comitatu,  tunc 
Willelmus  de  Chorley,  clericus  predictorum  iusticia- 
riorum,  rasuram  fecit  del  Lyn  in  decepcione  cuiusdam 
Iohannis  del  Legh ;  qui  quidam  Iohannes  del  Legh 
vtlagatus  fuit  in  loco  predicti  Iohannis  de  Lynlegh 
causa  decepcionis  predicti  Willelmi  et  predicte  rasure 
del  Lyn  pro  qua  causa  predictus  Iohannes  del  Legh 
omnia  bona  sua  amisit. 

Assize  Roll,  Lincoln,  524.  26-27  Edw.  III.  3  membranes. 

Placita  Coronae  coram  eisdem  (i.  e.  de  Skypwyth  et  sociis 
suis). 

Praesentationes  et  Indictamenta. 

(For  the  composite  nature  of  the  roll,  see  app.,  195.) 

m.  3.  Presentaciones  facte  1  apud  Ludam  coram  Willelmo 
de  Skypwyth  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  ad 
diuersos  felonias,  transgressiones,  oppressiones,  extor- 
siones,  dampna,  grauamina,  contemptus  et  excessus  in 
comitatu  Lincoln’  facta,  audienda  et  terminanda  assig- 
natis  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancte  Trinitatis, 

anno  regni . vicesimo  septimo  .... 

Iurati  diuersorum  wapentaciorum  presentant  quod 
Hugo  Cressy,  constabularius  castri  Lincoln’,  cepit  per 
extorsionem  et  colorem  officii  sui  decern  et  nouem  libras 
argenti  pro  feodo  suo  de  Roberto  atte  Beck  et  multis  aliis 
indictatis  coram  Gilberto  de  Umframuill,  comite  de  Ane- 


1  MS.  factos. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  243  * 

gos  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  etc.  assignatis 
et  custodibus  pacis  de  excessubus  contra  formam  statuti 
de  operariis  inde  editi,1  pro  quo  excessu  idem  Robertus 
et  multi  alii  de  comitatu  predicto  finem  fecerunt  coram 
prefato  comite  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis 
apud  Lincoln’  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie 
vicesimo  quarto,  et  sic  idem  Hugo  cepit  anno  vicesimo 
quarto  predicto  summam  predictam  in  depauperacionem 
populi  domini  Regis. 

Per  quod  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
predictum  Hugonem  apud  Ludam  coram  Willelmo  de 
Skypwyth  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  etc.,  die  Mercurii 
proximo  ante  festum  Corporis  Christi,  ad  responden¬ 
dum  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  apud  Ludam  coram  prefatis  Willelmo 
de  Skypwyth  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  etc.  venit  pre- 
dictus  Hugo  in  propria  persona  sua  et  quesitum  est  per 
prefatos  iusticiarios  a  prefato  Hugone  qualiter  se  velit 
de  premissis  super  ipsum  presentatis  acquietare.  Dicit 
quod  ipse  alias  die  Mercurii  proximo  post  Clausum 
Pasche  anno  regni  Regis  nunc  Anglie  vicesimo  sexto, 
coram  Willelmo  de  Skypwyth  et  Iohanne  de  Moubray 
iusticiariis  domini  Regis  etc.  apud  Lincoln’  extitit  indic- 
tatus  de  eo  quod  ipse  cepit  colore  officii  sui  viginti  libras 
sterlingorum  pro  feodo  suo  de  operatoribus  et  artificibus 
qui  coram  predicto  comite  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  etc. 
de  diuersis  excessubus  indictati  fuerunt  et  occasionibus 
illis  finem  cum  domino  Rege  fecerunt;  pro  quibus  qui- 
dem  viginti  libris  ipse  coram  prefato  Willelmo  de  Skyp¬ 
wyth  et  Iohanne  de  Moubray  die  et  anno  predictis  finem 

1  There  is  some  difficulty  about  Umframvill’s  appointment.  In  the 
commissio  1  for  labourers  of  12  Nov.,  1350  for  Lindsey  ( cf .  pt.  1,  ch.  i, 
s.  1.)  he  is  referred  to  as  keeper  of  the  peace  for  the  district,  but  his 
name  does  not  appear  in  the  commission  of  the  peace  of  10  Feb.  of  that 
year  {Cal.  I  at.  Rolls,  viii,  516)  although  a  few  days  later  {ibid.,  527, 
and  app.,  33)  he  was  appointed  on  the  joint  commission  for  Holland 
and  Kesteven. 


244 


APPENDIX 


fecit  cum  domino  Rege  prout  patet  per  rotulos  predic- 
torum  Willelmi  de  Skypwyth  et  Iohannis  de  Moubray ; 
qui  quidem  rotuii  affilantur  inter  rotulos  predictorum 
Willelmi  et  Iohannis  de  deliberacionibus  gaole  Regis 
castri  Lincoln’  etc.  Et  dicit  quod  predicte  decern  et 
novem  libre  unde  ipse  modo  indictatus  est  fuerunt  par- 
cella  de  preaictis  viginti  libris ;  et  quod  postquam  per 
consilium  domini  Regis  ordinatum  fuit  quod  nullus  min¬ 
ister,  iusticiarius  nec  alius  officiarius  feoda  aliqua  de 
operariis  et  seruientibus  caperet,1  ipse  colore  officii  sui 
nullos  denarios  cepit,  nec  postquam  ipse  fecit  finem  cum 
domino  Rege  occasione  predicta  per  extorsion em  prout 
per  presentacionem  predictam  supponitur,  et  hoc  paratus 
est  verificare  etc. 

Ideo  fiat  inde  iurata.  lurati  super  premissis  electi, 
.........  Ideo  ipse  eat  inde  sine  die  etc. 

County  Placita,  Bedford,  no.  9. 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  domi- 
nus  Hibernie,  dilecto  sibi  Iohanni  Mareschal,  salutem. 
Quia  quibusdam  certis  de  causis  cerciorari  volumus 
super  tenore  recordi  et  processus  loquele  que  fuit  coram 
vobis  et  sociis  vestris  iusticiariis  ad  omnia  et  singula 
que  contra  formam  ordinacionis  et  statuti  de  operas 
toribus,  artificibus  et  seruientibus  attemptata  fuerint  in 
eomitatu  Bed’  audienda  et  terminanda  assignatis  sine 
breui  nostro  inter  Rogerum  Atte  Welle  de  Couteshale  et 
Iohannem  de  Sekford,  seniorem,  de  quadam  transgres- 
sione  eidem  Rogero  per  prefatum  Iohannem  illata,  vt 
dicitur,  et  super  tenore  recordi  et  processus  loquele  que 
fuit  coram  vobis  et  sociis  vestris  predictis  sine  breui 
nostro  inter  Thomam  Atte  Welle  de  Couteshale  et  pre¬ 
fatum  Iohannem  de  quadam  transgressione  eidem 
Thome  per  prefatum  Iohannem  illata.  vt  dicitur,  ac 
eciam  super  tenore  recordi  et  processus  loquele  que  fuit 


1  Cf.  app.,  1 6. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  245  * 

coram  vobis  et  sociis  vestris  predictis  sine  breui  nostro 
inter  Stephanum  Atte  Welle  de  Couteshale  et  prefatum 
Iohannem  de  quadam  transgressione  eidem  Stephano 
per  prefatum  Iohannem  illata,  vt  dicitur,  et  similiter 
super  tenore  record!  et  processus  loquele  que  fuit  coram 
vobis  et  sociis  vestris  predictis  sine  breui  nostro  inter 
Galfridum  Atte  Welle  de  Couteshale  et  predictum  Io¬ 
hannem  de  quadam  transgressione  eidem  Galfrido  per 
prefatum  Iohannem  illata,  vt  dicitur,  necnon  super  tenore 
recordi  et  processus  loquele  que  fuit  coram  vobis  et 
sociis  vestris  predictis  sine  breui  nostro  inter  Iohannem 
Atte  Welle  de  Couteshale  et  prefatum  Iohannem  Sek- 
ford  de  quadam  transgressione  eidem  Iohanni  Atte 
Welle  per  predictum  Iohannem  de  Sekford  illata,  vt 
dicitur,  vobis  mandamus  quod  tenores  recordorum  et 
processuum  predictorum  nobis  in  cancellaria  nostra  sub 
sigillo  vestro  distincte  et  aperte  sine  dilacione  mittatis  et 
hoc  breue. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  quinto  die 
Nouembris,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo  secundo, 
regni  vero  nostri  Francie  decimo  nono. 

(Endorsed.) 

Per  Dauid  de  Woll  ad  instanciam  Iohannis  de  Herlyng. 

Virtute  istius  breuis  tenorem  recordorum  et  proces¬ 
suum  infranominatorum  in  quadam  sedula  huic  consuta 
coram  vobis  mittimus. 

Bed'  Placita  coram  lohanne  Mareschal  et  Iohanne  de 
Rokesdon  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  super  statutum  de 
seruientibus,  operariis  et  artificibus  in  comitatu  Bed’ 
assignatis  apud  Pullokeshull,  die  Veneris  proximo  post 
festurn  Assumpcionis  beate  Marie,  anno  regni  .  .  .  tri¬ 
cesimo  secundo. 

Bed’  lohannes  de  Sekford,  senior,  attachiatus  fuit  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  Rogero  atte  Well  de  Couteshale  de  eo  quod 
cum  idem  Rogerus  conuenit  cum  Simone  Challeye  de 


APPENDIX 


246  * 

Cadyngdon  in  comitatu  Bedeford'  ad  seruiendum  eidem 
Simoni  apud  Cadyngdon  ad  metenda  blada  sua  et  prata 
sua  falcanda  ac  alia  necessaria  eidem  facienda  a  festo 
Sancte  Margarete  virginis,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi 
tercii  post  conquestum  tricesimo  secundo,  vsque  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  tunc  proxime  sequens,  capiendo  de 
predicto  Simone  decern  solidos  et  mensam,  et  predictus 
Iohannes  de  Sekford  venit  et  eum  cepit  et  abduxit  vsque 
ad  manerium  de  Sharpenho  et  eum  ibidem  diu  detinuit 
per  quod  predicto  Simoni  seruire  non  potuit  prout  illi 
conuenit,  contra  formam  statuti  de  seruientibus  editi, 
vnde  deterioratus  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam. 
viginti  solidorum  et  inde  producit  sectam. 

Et  predictus  Iohannes  dicit  quod  predictus  Rogerus 
responderi  non  debet  quia  dicit  quod  idem  Rogerus  est 
natiuus  suus  ut  de  manerio  suo  de  Couteshale  et  ipse  et 
antecessores  sui  a  tempore  quo  non  extat  memoria  de 
predicto  Rogero  et  antecessoribus  suis  semper  seisiti 
fuerunt  ad  talliandum  ad  altum  et  bassum  [et]  facien¬ 
dum  prepositum  etc. 

Et  predictus  Rogerus  inde  examinatus  non  potuit  hoc 
dedicere,  immo  expresse  cognouit ;  ideo  consideratum 
est  quod  predictus  Rogerus  nichil  capiat  per  billam  suam 
set  sit  in  misericordia. 

Bed’  Iohannes  de  Sekford,  senior,  attachiatus  fuit  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  Thome  atte  Well  de  Couteshale  de  eo  quod 
cum  idem  Thomas  conuenit  cum  Simone  Power  de 
Stretlee  in  comitatu  Bed’  ad  seruiendum  eidem  Simoni 
apud  Stretlee  in  officio  carectarii  a  festo  Annunciacionis 
beate  Marie  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  con¬ 
questum  tricesimo  secundo  vsque  festum  Sancti  Mich¬ 
aelis  tunc  proxime  sequens,  capiendo  de  predicto  Simone 
ad  duodecim  septimanas  vnum  quarterium  bladi  et  sex 
solidos  argenti  pro  labore  suo,  et  venit  predictus  Iohan¬ 
nes  de  Sekford  et  eum  cepit  et  abduxit.  .  .  .  (The  re¬ 
mainder  is  identical  with  the  first  entry,  mutatis  mu¬ 
tandis.) 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


247* 

Bed*  Iohannes  de  Sekford,  senior,  attachiatus  fuit  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  Stephano  atte  Well  de  Couteshale  de  eo 
quod  cum  idem  Stephanus  conuenit  cum  Willelmo  Why- 
tyng  de  Luton  in  comitatu  Bed’  ad  seruiendum  eidem 
Willelmo  apud  Luton  a  festo  Sancti  Petri  Aduincula 
anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  tri- 
cesimo  secundo  vsque  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  tunc 
proxime  sequens  ad  metendum  blada  sua  ac  alia  neces- 
saria  eidem  facienda,  capiendo  de  predicto  Willelmo 
octo  solidos  et  mensam,  ac  venit  predictus  Iohannes 
de  Sekford  et  eum  cepit  et  abduxit  vsque  ad  manerium 
de  Sharpenho  et  eum  ibidem  diu  detinuit,  per  quod  pre¬ 
dicto  Willelmo  seruire  non  potuit  prout  illi  conuenit 
neque  stipendium  suum  capere,  contra  formam  statuti 
de  seruientibus  editi,  vnde  deterioratus  est  et  dampnum 

habet  ad  valenciam  xx  s.  et  inde  producit  sectam . 

(The  remainder  is  identical  with  the  first  entry,  mutatis 
mutandis.) 

Bed’  Iohannes  de  Sekford,  senior,  attachiatus  fuit  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  Galfrido  atte  Welle  de  Couteshale  de  eo 
quod  cum  idem  Galfridus  conuenit  cum  Iohanne  atte 
Park  de  Luton  in  comitatu  Bed’  ad  seruiendum  eidem 
Iohanni  in  officio  carucarii  apud  Luton  a  festo  Annun- 
ciacionis  beate  Marie  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
post  conquestum  tricesimo  secundo  vsque  ad  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  tunc  proxime  sequens,  capiendo  de 
predicto  Iohanne  in  duodecim  septimanis  vnum  quar- 
terium  bladi  et  sex  solidos  et  octo  denarios  pro  stipendio 
suo  et  venit  predictus  Iohannes  de  Sekford  et  eum  cepit 
et  abduxit.  .  .  .  (The  remainder  is  identical  with  the 
first  entry,  mutatis  mutandis.) 

Iohannes  de  Sekford,  senior,  attachiatus  fuit  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  Iohanni  atte  Welle  de  Couteshale  de  eo 
quod  cum  idem  Iohannes  atte  Welle  conuenit  cum  Io¬ 
hanne  Draper  de  Sancto  Albano  ad  deseruiendum  eidem 


Bed’ 


248* 


APPENDIX 


Iohanni  Draper  in  artificio  mercatoris  a  festo  Annun- 
ciacionis  beate  Marie  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
post  conquestum  tricesimo  secundo  vsque  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis  tunc  proxime  sequens,  capiendo  de  predicto 
lohanne  Draper  viginti  solidos  et  mensam,  et  venit  pre- 
dictus  Iohannes  de  Sekford  et  eum  cepit  et  abduxit.  .  .  . 
(The  remainder  is  identical  with  the  first  entry,  mutatis 
mutandis.) 

County  Placita,  Surrey,  no.  8. 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  domi- 
nus  Hibernie,  dilecto  et  fideli  suo  Thome  de  Brewes, 
salutem.  Volentes  certis  de  causis  cerciorari  super  qua- 
dam  cognicione  quam  Willelmus  atte  Mere  de  Merwe 
nuper  fecit  coram  vobis  et  sociis  vestris  nuper  iusticiariis 
nostris  ad  ea  que  contra  formam  ordinacionis  et  statuti 
de  operariis,  artificibus  et  seruitoribus  factorum  attemp- 
tata  fuerint  in  comitatu  Surr’  audienda  et  terminanda 
assignatis,  de  seruitute  ipsius  Willelmi,  vobis  mandamus 
quod  scrutatis  rotulis  vestris  et  sociorum  vestrorum  pre- 
dictorum  de  tempore  predicto  que  sub  custodia  vestra 
existunt,  vt  dicitur,  nos  in  cancellaria  nostra  de  eo  quod 
inde  inueneritis  sub  sigillo  vestro  distincte  et  aperte  cer- 
tificetis  indilate. 

Teste  me  ipso  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxvi  die  No- 
uembris,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo,  regni  vero 
nostri  Francie  decimo  septimo. 

Surr5  Placita  tenta  apud  Guldeford  coram  Thoma  de 
Brewes,  Reginaldo  Forster,  et  lohanne  de  Roulee  die 
Martis  proximo  post  octabas  Sancte  Trinitatis,  anno 
regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  xxiiiit0, 
virtute  cuiusdam  commissionis  predictis  Thome  et  aliis 
in  commissione  predicta  nominatis  ad  inquirendum  de 
omnibus  et  singulis  que  contra  formam  ordinacionis  et 

;  statuti  de  operariis,  artificibus  et  seruitoribus  factorum 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  249  * 

attemptata  fuerunt  in  commissione  predicta  audienda  et 
terminanda  assignatis. 

Wokyngg. 

Willelmus  atte  Merre  de  Merwe  attachiatus  fuit  ad 
respondendum  Petro  Semere  de  placito  quare  quod  cum 
ordinatum  sit  quod  quilibet  homo  et  femina  regni  domini 
Regis  Anglie,  potens  in  corpore  et  infra  etatem  sexa- 
ginta  annorum,  non  viuens  de  mercatura  nec  certum  ex- 
sercens  artificium  nec 1  terram  propriam  circa  cuius 
culturam  se  poterit  occupare  et  alteri  non  seruiens,  si 
deseruiendo  considerato  statu  suo  in  seruicio  congruo 
fuerit  requisitus,  seruire  teneatur  illi  qui  ilium  sic  dux- 
erit  requirandum  et  percipiat  dum  taxat  vadia,  liber- 
aciones,  mercedas  seu  salaria  que  in  iocis  vbi  seruire 
debeant  constituta  sunt  prestari  anno  domini  Regis  An¬ 
glie  xx°  vel  annis  communibus  quinque  vel  sex  prese- 
dentibus.  Et  vnde  idem  Petrus  dicit  quod  ipse  die  Lune 
proximo  post  festum  Purificacionis  beate  Marie  anno 
supradicto  vicesimo  quarto  apud  Merwe  in  presencia 
Iohannis  atte  Dene  et  Willelmi  Hereward  predicto  Wil- 
lelmo  2  seruicium  congruum  deseruiendo  predicto  Petro 
in  villa  de  Merwe  optulit,  capiendo  de  predicto  Petro 
prout  in  predicto  statuto  superius  declaratum  est,  [et] 
predictus  Willelmus  deseruire  predicto  Petro  in  forma 
predicta  omnino  contradixit  et  adhuc  contradicit  in  con- 
temptum  domini  Regis  et  contra  ordinacionem  statuti 
predicti  et  ad  dampnum  predicti  Petri  centum  solidorum, 
et  inde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  predictus  Willelmus  defendit  vim  et  iniuriam  etc. 
et  quicquid  est  in  contemptu  domini  Regis  et  statuti  etc., 
et  dicit  quod  ipse  non  potest  predicto  Petro  seruire  quia 
dicit  quod  ipse  est  natiuus  prioris  et  conuentus  ecclesie 
beate  Marie  de  Boxgraue  de  manerio  suo  de  Merwe  et 

lThere  should  be  a  “habens”  here;  cf.  the  ordinance;  app.,  9. 

3  MS.  predict  Willelmum. 


APPENDIX 


250  * 

quod  dictus  prior  ecclesie  predicte  qui  nunc  est,  fuit 
seisitus  de  eo  vt  de  natiuo  suo  et  de  seruiciis  suis  natiuis 
vt  de  iure  ecclesie  sue  predicte,  et  quod  idem  prior  et 
omnes  predecessores  sui  predicte  ecclesie  a  tempore 
cuius  contrarii  memoria  non  existit,  seisiti  fuerunt  de  eo 
et  de  omnibus  antecessoribus  suis  vt  de  natiuis  suis  ad 
talliandum  eos  ad  altum  et  bassum  et  ad  capiendum  de 
eis  redempciones  pro  filiabus  suis  maritandis  vt  de  iure 
ecclesie  sue  predicte  de  manerio  suo  predicto,  et  dicit 
quod  predictus  prior  et  conuentus  dimiserunt  dictum 
manerium  cum  omnibus  pertinencibus  Iohanni  Chene 
de  Tortyngton  habendum  et  tenendum  ad  terminum  vite 
sue.  Et  quod  predictus  Iohannes  Chene  habet  ipsum 
Willelmum  in  seruicio  suo  necessarie  in  manerio  pre¬ 
dicto.  Et  petit  iudicium  si  predicto  Petro  seruire  de¬ 
beat  etc.  Et  quia  predicti  iusticiarii  dubitauerunt  de 
cognicione  dicti  Willelmi  optulerunt  ei  librum  ad  iuran- 
dum  dicendi  veritatem  de  factis  predictis ;  qui  Sacra¬ 
mento  prestito  dixit  et  cognouit  vt  prius,  per  quod  con- 
sideratum  est  quod  predictus  Petrus  nichil  capiet  per 
querelam  suam  predictam,  et  quod  predictus  Willelmus 
seruiet  predicto  Iohanni  Chene  tanquam  domino  suo  et 
super  hoc  liberatur  Waltero  de  Wernham,  balliuo  dicti 
Iohannis  Chene,  ad  seruiendum  ei  secundum  statutum 
predictum  et  consuetudinem  manerii  predicti. 

(Endorsed) 

Recordum  iusticiariorum  de  operariis  pro  Petro  Semere. 
A  chanceller  nostre  seignur  le  Roy 
par  Thomas  de  Breouse. 

Coram  Rege  Roll,  no.  454. 

Placita  coram  domino  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium  de 
termino  Sancte  Trinitatis  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
post  conquestum  Anglie  quadragesimo  octauo.  I.  Cauen- 
dissh. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


251 


* 


Adhuc  de  termino  Sancte  Trinitatis.  I.  Cauendissh. 
rot.  87.1 

Lincoln’  Dominus  Rex  mandauit  iusticiariis  hie  breue  suum 
clausum  in  hec  verba :  Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  An- 
glie  et  Francie  et  dominus  Hibernie,  dilectis  et  fidelibus 
suis  Iohanni  de  Cauendissh  et  Thome  de  Ingelby  ius¬ 
ticiariis  ad  placita  coram  nobis  tenenda  assignatis,  salu- 
tem.  Recordum  et  processum  coram  iusticiariis  nos- 
tris  ad  pacem  nostram  necnon  ad  statuta  et  ordina- 
ciones  de  operatoribus,  seruientibus  et  artificibus  in 
partibus  de  Holand  in  comitatu  Lincoln’  conseruanda 
assignatis  habita  de  loquela  que  fuit  coram  eisdem 
iusticiariis  inter  Robertum  de  Meres  de  Soterton  et 
Rogerum  Roper  de  eo  quod  idem  Rogerus  prefato 
Roberto  deseruire  iuxta  formam  statutorum  et  ordi- 
nacionum  inde  editorum  recusauit  que  coram  nobis  in 
cancellaria  nostra  venire  fecimus,  vobis  mittimus  sub 
pede  sigilli  nostri,  mandantes  quod  hiis  inspectis 
vlterius  inde  fieri  faciatis  quod  de  iure  et  secundum 
legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri  Anglie  fuerit  fac¬ 
iendum. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xx  die  Iunii, 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  quadragesimo  octauo,  regni 
vero  nostri  Francie  tricesimo  quinto. 

Breue  domini  Regis  prefatis  iusticiariis  ad  pacem  con- 
seruandam  inde  directum  sequitur  in  hec  verba: 

Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et 
dominus  Hibernie,  iusticiariis  suis  ad  pacem  nostram 
necnon  ad  statuta  et  ordinaciones  de  operatoribus, 
seruientibus  et  artificibus  in  partibus  de  Holand  in 
comitatu  Lincoln’  conseruanda  assignatis  vel  eorum 
alicui,  salutem.  Volentes  certis  de  causis  cerciorari 

1  It  is  possible  that  this  record  refers  to  case  39,  list  in  app.,  F,  3; 
unfortunately  a  search  through  several  succeeding  rolls  has  failed  to 
reveal  the  conclusion  of  the  process. 


25 2  * 


Lincoln' 


APPENDIX 

super  recordo  et  processu  coram  vobis  habitis  de 
loquela  que  fuit  coram  vobis  inter  Robertum  de  Meres 
de  Soterton  et  Rogerum  Roper  de  eo  quod  idem 
Rogerus  prefato  Roberto  deseruire  iuxta  formam 
statutorum  et  ordinacionum  inde  editor um  recusauit, 
vobis  mandamus  quod  recordum  et  processum  pre¬ 
dicta  cum  omnibus  ea  tangentibus  nobis  in  cancellaria 
nostra  sub  sigillis  vestris  vel  alicuius  vestrum  distincte 
et  aperte  sine  dilacione  mittatis  et  hoc  breue,  vt  vlte- 
rius  inde  fieri  faciamus  quod  de  iure  et  secundum 
legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri  Anglie  fuerit 
faciendum.  Ac  vicecomiti  nostro  comitatus  predicti 
detis  in  mandatis  quod  capcioni  corpus  predicti  Rogeri 
occasione  premissa  faciende  supersedeat  et  si  ipse  ex 
hac  causa  captus  existat  tunc  ipsum  a  prisona  qua  sic 
detinetur  deliberet  indilate. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westrnonasterium,  viii  die 
Iunii,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  quadragesimo  octauo, 
regni  vero  nostri  Francie  tricesimo  quinto. 

Recordum  et  processus  de  quibus  in  breuibus  pre¬ 
dicts  fit  mencio  sequntur  in  hec  verba : 

Placita  domini  Regis  tenta  apud  Sanctum  Botol- 
phum  coram  Willelmo  de  Spaigne,  Rogero  Top, 
Thoma  de  Pynchebek  et  Ricardo  de  Launde  iusticia- 
riis  domini  Regis  pacis  necnon  ad  statuta  et  ordina- 
ciones  de  operatoribus,  seruientibus  et  artificibus  in 
partibus  de  Holand  in  comitatu  Lincoln'  audienda  et 
terminanda  assignatis,  die  Mercurii  proximo  post  fes- 
tum  Sancte  Trinitatis,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi 
tercii  post  conquestum  quadragesimo  octauo. 

Robertus  de  Meres  de  Soterton  qui  sequitur  tarn 
pro  domino  Rege  quam  pro  se  ipso  queritur  de 
Rogero  Roper  de  Soterton  de  eo  quod  cum  idem 
Rogerus  vacuus  fuit  et  nulli  seruiens  nisi  per  dietas 
idem  Robertus  die  dominica  in  octabis  Pasche  anno 
regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  xlviii0  apud  Soterton  re- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  253  * 

quisiuit  dictum  Rogerum  durn  vacuus  fuit  ad  seruien- 
dum  sibi  in  villa  de  Soterton  in  officio  carucarii  et 
aliis  seruiciis,  videlicet  a  predicto  die  per  annum  in¬ 
tegrum  proxime  sequentem,  idem  Rogerus  seruire 
eidern  Roberto  penitus  contradixit  et  recusauit  contra 
statutum  et  ordinacionem  de  operatoribus  editos  in 
contemptum  domini  Regis  et  dampnum  ipsius  Robert! 
xl  li.,  plegii  de  prosequendo,  lohannes  Batson  et  Ro- 
bertus,  filius  Rogeri. 

Per  quod  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  attachiat 
predictum  Rogerum  ita  quod  habeat  corpus  eius  coram 
prefatis  iusticiariis  apud  Sanctum  Botulfum  die  Ven¬ 
eris  proximo  post  festum  Sancte  Trinitatis  tunc  prox¬ 
ime  sequens  ad  respondendum  tarn  domino  Regi  quam 
prefato  Roberto  de  placito  predicto. 

Placita  Regis  tenta  apud  Sanctum  Botulphum 
coram  prefatis  Willelmo  de  Spaigne  et  Ricardo  de 
Launde  iusticiariis,  die  Veneris  proximo  post  festum 
Sancte  Trinitatis,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
xlviii0. 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  quod  attacheret  Rogerum 
Roper  de  Soterton  ita  quod  haberet  corpus  eius  coram 
prefatis  iusticiariis  etc.  ad  hunc  diem  etc.  ad  respon¬ 
dendum  tarn  domino  Regi  quam  Roberto  de  Meres  de 
Soterton  de  placito  contemptus  et  transgressionis  con¬ 
tra  statutum  etc.  Et  ipse  non  venit.  Et  vicecomes 
retornauit  quod  mandavit  balliuo  libertatis  comitis 
Richemundie  in  wappentachio  de  Kirketon  cui  exe- 
cucio  precepti  Regis  restat  facienda  qui  sic  respondit 
quod  predictus  Rogerus  Roper  non  est  inuentus  in 
balliua  sua.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod 
capiat  eum  si  etc.  et  saluo  etc.,  ita  quod  habeat  cor¬ 
pus  eius  coram  prefatis  iusticiariis  etc.  apud  Sanctum 
Botulfum  die  Mercurii  proximo  ante  festum  Sancte 
Margarete  virginis  proxime  sequens  ad  responden¬ 
dum  tarn  domino  Regi  quam  prefato  Roberti  de  Meres 


APPENDIX 


de  placito  contemptus  et  transgressionis  contra  statu- 
tum  etc.  Postea,  scilicet  quinto  die  Iulii  isto  eodem 
termino,  venit  predictus  Rogerus  Roper  et  reddidit  se 
etc.  occasione  predicta.  Et  super  hoc  venerunt  Ri- 
cardus  de  Pereres,  Iohannes  de  Wabham,  Iohannes  de 
Sledmer  de  Beuerle  et  Robertus  Ragemill  et  manu- 
ceperunt  habendi  corpus  predicti  Rogeri  coram  dom¬ 
ino  Rege  a  die  Sancti  Michaelis  in  xv  dies  vbicunque 
etc.  Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  per  probos 
etc.  scire  faciat  predicto  Roberto  de  Meres  quod  sit 
coram  domino  Rege  ad  prefatum  terminum  ad  sequen- 
dum  si  etc. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


D.  Exchequer.  ( Cf .  pt.  i,  ch.  iii.) 

INTRODUCTORY  NOTE. 

The  greater  part  of  the  material  dealing  with  the  work  of 
the  exchequer  is,  of  course,  preserved  in  the  exchequer;  but 
there  are  some  important  documents  connected  with  exchequer 
processes  that  appear  among  chancery  enrollments.  Examples 
of  these  are  the  writs  for  the  payment  of  the  justices’  wages 
on  the  Close  Rolls ;  commissions  to  collectors  of  the  subsidy, 
occasionally  on  the  Patent  Rolls,  regularly  on  the  Fine  Rolls; 
special  commissions  of  investigation  as  to  arrears  of  penalties 
or  as  to  instances  of  peculation,  and  special  grants  disposing 
of  the  penalties,  on  the  Patent  Rolls.  Many  of  these  chancery 
enrollments  are,  however,  duplicated  in  that  branch  of  ex¬ 
chequer  enrollments  known  as  Originalia  which  for  conveni¬ 
ence  I  included  under  “Chancery;”  cf.  app.,  19. 

The  main  classes  into  which  the  exchequer  material  is  divided 
are :  the  Memoranda  Rolls,  the  Placita  de  Scaccario,  Accounts, 
both  original  and  enrolled,  and  the  records  of  the  exchequer 
of  Receipt. 

Memoranda  Rolls  of  the  two  Remembrancers,  the  King’s  and 
the  Lord  Treasurer’s. 

The  contents  of  these  rolls  have  been  described  by  Madox, 
in  Hist,  of  Exchequer ,  by  Scargill-Bird,  op.  cit.,  and  by  Gross 
in  his  summaries,  op.  cit.  For  this  decade  there  is  nothing  in 
print  except  a  few  summarized  selections  in  Jones’  Index  to  the 
Originalia  and  the  Memoranda. 

In  my  search  through  these  two  series  of  rolls  from  23  Edw. 
Ill  to  35  Edw.  Ill,  I  made  an  attempt  to  note  all  references 
to  the  statutes  of  labourers;  but  the  rolls  are  so  voluminous 
and  the  amount  of  material  on  the  statutes  so  great  that  my 
search  cannot  be  called  exhaustive. 

The  entries  having  to  do  with  the  statutes  are  of  many  kinds : 
commissions  to  the  collectors  of  the  subsidy,  and  additional 
instructions  to  them ;  innumerable  writs  of  the  great  seal  and 


APPENDIX 


256  * 

of  the  treasurer  directed  to  the  various  officials  concerned 
with  the  statutes,  both  as  to  the  proper  levying  and  final  dis¬ 
position  of  the  penalties  and  as  to  the  payment  of  the  justices’ 
salaries ;  statements  as  to  the  penalties  in  “  states  and  views 
of  accounts  ”  both  of  sheriffs  and  of  collectors ;  numerous 
actions  brought  by  the  exchequer  against  all  these  officials  for 
failure  to  do  their  duty  in  regard  to  the  penalties ;  and  finally 
the  claims  of  the  lords  of  franchises.  These  latter  are  recorded 
in  great  detail  and  are  important  for  many  reasons,  and  more 
especially  because  they  often  include  long  schedules  of  accounts 
of  the  penalties  imposed  under  the  statutes,  entered  on  separate 
membranes,  and  attached  to  the  Memoranda  Rolls. 

It  is  essential  to  remember  in  using  this  material  that  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  exchequer’s  method  of  computation  of  dates 
for  Edward’s  reign  Michaelmas  term  precedes  Easter  term; 
so  that  e.  g.,  Mich.  29th  year  on  the  Memoranda  Rolls  is  really 
only  Mich.  28th  year.1 

Exchequer  Proceedings  subsidiary  to  the  Memoranda  Rolls. 

Cf.  Scargiil-Bird,  op.  cit.,  213.  This  series  has  not  been  in¬ 
cluded  in  my  search. 

Placita  de  Scaccario. 

The  List  of  Plea  RoHs  includes  merely  a  catalogue  of  these, 
classified  by  regnal  year  and  law  term.  The  roll  for  the  34th 
year  is  omitted  from  the  printed  list ;  by  accident  I  found  it 
misplaced  among  the  Memoranda  Rolls,  K.  R.  It  has  now 
been  transferred  to  its  proper  place,  as  82a.  My  examination 
has  covered  only  a  few  of  these  rolls ;  these  few  contained 
many  important  proceedings  connected  with  the  levying  of  the 
penalties  under  the  statutes. 

Accounts,  original  and  enrolled. 

A  distinction  between  these  two  types  of  accounts, 
important  for  purposes  of  investigation,  is  that  the 

1  Cf.  Ramsay,  “  Expenditure  of  Edw.  Ill in  Antiquary ,  i,  156. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  257  * 

former  include  specific  details  —  the  amount  of  the 
penalty  imposed  on  an  individual  offender,  often  the 
exact  nature  of  his  offense,  and  the  character  of  his 
occupation;  while  the  latter  include  only  the  total 
sums  for  which  a  given  official  is  responsible. 

Original. 

Fines  and  Amercements ;  Exchequer,  K.  R. 

The  manuscript  list  contains  dates  and  brief 
summaries  of  the  contents  of  each  roll.  A  thor¬ 
ough  examination  revealed  only  a  few  of  the 
accounts  of  the  penalties  under  the  statutes  of 
labourers. 

Sheriffs'  Accounts. 

The  manuscript  list  gives  only  the  regnal  year ; 
I  did  not  examine  this  series  at  all. 

Lay  Subsidies ;  the  original  accounts  of  the  collectors. 

For  a  description  of  these  cf.  app.,  D,  4.  A 
printed  list  is  in  progress  of  all  the  above. 

To  these  must  be  added  the  schedules  of  ac¬ 
counts  handed  in  at  the  exchequer  by  the  lords 
of  franchises,  already  referred  to;  cf.  app.,  D,  6. 

Enrolled. 

Enrolled  Subsidies. 

For  a  description  of  these  cf.  app.,  D,  4. 

“  States  and  views  of  accounts  ”  of  both  sheriffs  and 
collectors,  enrolled  on  Memoranda  Rolls. 

Pipe  Rolls. 

Until  42  Edw.  Ill,  these  included  Foreign  ac¬ 
counts  ( i .  e.  those  foreign  to  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  sheriff  except  subsidy  accounts),  as  well  as 
those  for  which  the  sheriff  was  responsible;  cf. 
Scargill-Bird,  op.  cit.,  4.  They  are  exceedingly 
valuable  both  for  total  sums  of  penalties  under 
the  statutes  and  for  amounts  paid  as  salaries  to 


APPENDIX 


258  * 

the  justices ;  but  they  are  so  bulky  and  volum¬ 
inous,  with  no  guide  to  contents  except  as  fur¬ 
nished  by  the  regnal  year  and  the  county,  that 
my  search  has  included  only  a  few. 

Exchequer  of  Receipt. 

Issue  Rolls. 

These  have  been  examined  but  contain  nothing 
important  for  my  purpose. 

Receipt  Rolls. 

Praestita  Rolls. 

Neither  of  the  above  has  been  examined. 

It  will  appear  from  this  account  of  the  ex¬ 
chequer  material  that  nearly  all  the  sources  util¬ 
ized  for  ch.  iii  on  the  disposition  of  the  penalties 
are  included  in  this  section  of  the  appendix: 

1.  Extracts  from  Assize  Rolls,  Memoranda  Rolls  and  Orig- 

inalia  Rolls. 

2.  Extracts  from  Lay  Subsidies  and  Memoranda  Rolls. 

3.  Extracts  from  Memoranda  Rolls. 

4.  Accounts  of  collectors  of  the  triennial  of  1352. 

A  table  of  figures  taken  from  Enrolled  Subsidies. 

Extracts  from  Accounts,  K.  R.,  Enrolled  Subsidies  and 
Lay  Subsidies. 

5.  Extracts  from  Accounts,  K.  R.,  Close  Rolls,  Memoranda 

Rolls  and  Pipe  Rolls. 

6.  Extracts  from  Accounts,  K.  R.,  Memoranda  Rolls,  Patent 

Rolls  and  Pipe  Rolls. 

1.  Extracts  from  Assize  Rolls,  Memoranda  Rolls  and  Orig- 
inalia  Rolls.  ( Cf .  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  1,  A.) 

Originalia,  23  Edw.  Ill,  m.  25. 

De  leuando  quintamdeciinam  de  seruientibus. 

Rex  taxatoribus  et  collectoribus  decime  et  quintedecime  nobis 

per  laicos  vltime  concessarum  in  comitatu  Cumb’,  salutem. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  259  * 

Cum  nos  nuper  contra  desidiam  et  maliciam  seruientum,  qui 
mortuis  aliis  aliis  in  ista  pestilencia,  videntes  necessitatem  domi- 
norum,  seruire  noluerunt  nisi  stipendia  reciperent  excessiua,  de 
consilio  prelatorum,  nobilium,  aliorumque  peritorum  nobis 
assistencium,  ordinauerimus  quod  seruientes  huiusmodi  tam 
femine  quam  viri  seruire  tenerentur  et  perciperent  dumtaxat 
salaria  et  vadia  que  in  locis  vbi  seruire  deberent  anno  regni 
nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  vel  annis  communibus  quinque  vel  sex 
proxime  precedentibus  solita  sunt  prestari,  et  quod  seruire  re- 
cusantes  incarceracione  corporum  punirentur,  et  plus  soluentes 
vel  promittentes  duplum  illius  quod  sic  soluerint  vel  soluere 
promiserint  illi  qui  se  grauatum  senserit,  et  nullo  tali  volente 
prosequi,  tunc  cuicumque  de  populo  hoc  prosequenti  soluere 
cogerentur,  quodque  dicti  artifices  et  operarii  quicumque  pro 
laboribus  et  artificiis  suis  non  caperent  vltra  id  quod  anno 
vicesimo  et  aliis  annis  predictis,  in  locis  quibus  eos  operari  con- 
tingeret,  talibus  solui  consueuit  prout  in  ordinacione  predicta 
plenius  continetur.  Iamque  ex  populari  conquestione,  accepe- 
rimus  quod  ipsi  propter  huiusmodi  excessiua  stipendia,  libera- 
ciones  et  precia  que  seruitoribus,  operatoribus  et  artificibus 
soluere  sunt  coacti,  taliter  deprimuntur  quod  decimam  et  quin- 
tamdecimam  ipsos  contingentes,  nobis  soluere  nequeunt  nisi 
aliud  eis  apponatur  remedium  oportunum. 

Nos  attendentes  quod  huiusmodi  artifices,  seruitores  et  arti¬ 
fices  nos  et  ordinatores  nobiscum  ipsamque  ordinacionem  nos- 
tram  publice  deridentes,  stipendia,  liberaciones  et  precia  exces¬ 
siua,  sic  in  ipsa  pestilencia  et  post  earn  inducta  et  quandoque 
ampliora,  non  obstante  ordinacione  predicta,  exigunt,  quasi  extor- 
quendo  et  percipiunt,  nec  sit  aliquis  qui  contra  tales  prosequatur, 
ad  dictum  sic  ordinatum  commodum  optinendum,  et  quod  equi- 
tati  consonat,  vt  quod  vsibus  singularibus  sic  ordinatum  fuerit 
applicandum  ipsis  prosequi  nolentibus  in  publicum  commodum 
conuertatur,  et  ne  dicta  ordinacio  cum  maturitate  consilii  nostri 
pro  vtilitate  communi  facta  derisoria  videatur,  ex  deliberacione 
dicti  consilii  nostri,  adiciendo  duximus  ordinandum  quod  omnes 
et  singuli  operarii,  seruitores  et  artifices  tam  femine  quam  viri 


1 


26 o  * 


APPENDIX 


cuiuscumque  videlicet  status  aut  condicionis  fuerint,  plus  pro 
laboribus,  seruiciis  et  artificiis  suis,  quam  anno  vicesimo  et  aliis 
annis  supradictis  soliti  sunt  percipere,  capientes,  ad  totam  illam 
summam  quam  vltra  receperint  cum  aliis  laicis,  tarn  pro  tem¬ 
pore  preterito,  quo  sic  stipendia,  salaria,  liberaciones  et  precia 
augmentata  fuerint,  quam  pro  tempore  iam  futuro  assideantur, 
totaque  ipsa  summa  sic  vltra  recepta  a  singulis  eorundem 
leuetur  et  colligatur  ad  opus  nostrum,  in  alleuiacionem  singu- 
larum  villarum  vnde  dicti  artifices,  seruitores  et  operarii  fuerint 
in  auxilium  solucionis  summarum  ad  quas  eedem  ville  seu 
homines  earum  ad  decimam  et  quintamdecimam  iam  currentes 
sunt  assessi;  ita  semper  quod  finitis  decima  et  quintadecima 
iam  currentibus,  tota  ilia  pecunia,  precia  et  liberaciones  siue 
valor  liberacionum  earundem,  que  vltra  vt  premittitur  extunc 
pecierint  et  receperint,  ab  eis  et  eorum  singulis  ad  opus  nos¬ 
trum  in  subuencionem  supportacionis  onerum  regni  nostri  per 
illos  quos  ad  hoc  in  comitatu  predicto  duxerimus  assignandos 
leuentur  et  colligantur,  et  quod  illi  qui  forsan  propter  hoc 
renuent  deseruire  vel  summas  per  ipsos  sic  vltra  perceptas,  et 
super  eos  assessas  soluere  vel  artificia  sua  et  opera  excercere 
statim  per  vos  vel  aliquem  vestrum  seu  alios  per  vos  vel  ali- 
quem  vestrum  in  singulis  villis  ad  premissa  exequenda  depu- 
tandos  vel  per  balliuos  locorum  seu  constabularies  villarum  cum 
de  hoc  constiterit,  arestentur  et  carceri  committantur  in  eodem 
detinendi  quousque  ad  seruiendum  securitatem  prestiterint  et 
soluerint,  quod  sic  vltra  perceperint  iuxta  ordinaciones  easdem 
vel  donee  aliud  inde  duxerimus  demandandum. 

Intencionis  tamen  nostre  existit  quod  secundum  dictam  pri- 
mam  ordinacionem  liceat  cuilibet  contra  excedentes  eandem,  vel 
ei  non  parentes  prosequi  et  applicare  suo  vsui,  quod  per  ipsam 
conceditur  prosequenti.  Et  ideo  vobis  committimus  et  manda¬ 
mus  quod  dictos  operarios,  seruitores  et  artifices  vniuersos  in 
comitatu  predicto,  tarn  infra  libertates  quam  extra,  ad  summas 
quas  vltra  receperint  vt  premittitur  per  vos  seu  deputatos  ves- 
tros  assideatis  seu  assideri  faciatis  et  eas  ab  eis  ad  opus  nostrum 
leuetis  et  colligatis  in  forma  predicta  et  alia  premissa  ordinata 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


261  * 


faciatis  et  exequamini,  prout  superius  est  expressum,  inquisita 
super  premissis  quociens  et  quando  opus  fuerit  per  sacramen- 
tum  proborum  et  legalium  hominum  de  comitatu  predicto,  tam 
infra  libertates  quam  extra,  plenius  veritate.  Et  hoc  nullatenus 
omittatis  sub  periculo  quod  incumbit.  Mandauimus  autem 
vicecomiti  nostro  comitatus  predicti  quod  arestatos  huiusmodi 
a  vobis  et  vestrum  quolibet  et  deputatis  predictis  recipiat  in 
carcere  detinendos,  quousque  paruerint,  et  fecerint  cum  efTectu 
iuxta  ordinaciones  predictas,  vobisque  et  vestrum  cuilibet  ac 
deputandis  vestris  predictis  circa  premissa  facienda  et  exe- 
quenda  quociens  opus  fuerit  vel  ei  inde  scire  feceritis  ex  parte 
nostra  pareat  et  intendat;  et  vt  ordinaciones  predicte  pateant 
vniuersis,  eas,  prout  in  mandato  nostro  sibi  directo  continentur, 
in  ciuitatibus,  burgis  et  villis  mercatoriis  et  aliis  locis  in  balliua 
sua  vbi  expedire  viderit  infra  libertates  et  extra  publice  procla- 
mari  faciat,  et  quantum  ad  ipsum  attinet  obseruari. 

Teste  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxi  die  Nouembris. 

Consimilia  breuia  diriguntur  collectoribus  dictarum  decime  et 
quintedecime  in  singulis  comitatibus  Anglie,  sub  eadem  data. 

Originalia,  24  Edw.  Ill,  m.  4. 

Essex’  De  stipendiis  operariorum  leuandis. 

(To  the  assessors  and  collectors  of  the  tenth  and  fifteenth; 
substantially  the  same  as  the  above  but  condensed  (prout  in 
literis  nostris  predictis  plenius  continetur)  continues)  :  Ac  iam 
intellexerimus  quod  quamplures  operariorum,  seruientum  et 
artificum  predictorum  huiusmodi  pecunie  summas  vltra  stipen- 
dia  et  salaria  consueta  receptas,  pro  maiore  parte  iam  expen- 
derunt  et  consumpserunt,  ita  quod  ad  solucionem  illarum  pe¬ 
cunie  summarum  per  ipsos  sic  vltra  receptarum,  sufficere  non 
poterunt,  et  si  in  prisona  detinerentur  magis  depauperarentuc 
et  homines  comitatus  illius  seruiciis  et  laboribus  eorundem 
operariorum,  seruitorum  et  artificum  frustrarentur.  Nos  ad- 
uertentes  paucitatem  operariorum,  seruitorum  et  artificum 
huiusmodi  in  comitatu  predicto,  et  quod  homines  de  eodem 
comitatu  seruiciis  et  laboribus  eorundem  commodo  carere  non 


262  * 


APPENDIX 


possunt,  ac  proinde  volentes  remedium  congruum  poni  in  hac 
parte,  vobis  mandamus  quod  receptis  a  seruitoribus,  operariis 
et  artificibus  qui  sufficientes  et  potentes  fuerint  pecuniarum 
summis  per  ipsos  vltra  stipendia  et  salaria  consueta  vt  premit- 
titur  receptis,  reliquos  seruitores,  operarios  seu  artifices  qui  ad 
solucionem  integre  summe  per  ipsos  sic  vltra  recepte  patenter 
sunt  impotentes,  ad  illud  dumtaxat  quod  soluere  poterunt,  per 
incarceracionem  corporum  suorum,  et  aliis  viis  et  modis  quibus 
poteritis,  compellatis,  capta  ab  eis  sufficiente  securitate  de  ser- 
uiendo  exnunc  pro  stipendiis  et  salariis  dictis  annis  solui  con- 
suetis.  Prouiso  quod  de  tota  pecunie  summa  vltra  ratam 
decime  et  quintedecime  predictarum  remanente  si  que  fuerint, 
solutis  decima  et  quintadecima  predictis  nobis  respondeatur, 
prout  decet.  Volumus  eciam  et  vobis  mandamus  quod  versus 
omnes  et  singulos  iuratores  quos  per  returna  vicecomitis  comi- 
tatus  predicti  coram  vobis  facta  seu  facienda  inueneritis  fuisse 
premunitos,  et  qui  iuxta  premunicionem  huiusmodi  coram  vobis 
venire  neglexerint  vel  negligunt,  processus  per  amerciamenta 
et  districciones  necnon  forisfacturas  exituum  cousque  compar- 
uerint  vt  sic  venire  cogantur  fieri  faciatis,  prout  in  consimilibus 
casubus  secundum  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri  fuerit 
faciendum,  eadem  amerciamenta  et  exitus  in  extractis  vestris 
ad  scaccarium  nostrum  mittenda,  vt  de  leuacione  eorundem  ad 
opus  nostrum  ordinari  valeat,  inserentes  vlteriusque  ad  execu- 
cionem  dicte  ordinacionis  nostre  pro  nostra  et  dicti  populi  nos¬ 
tri  vtilitate  procedentes  iuxta  vim  et  effectum  literarum  pre¬ 
dictarum. 

Teste  Rege,  apud  Westmonasterium,  viii  die  Marcii. 
Somerset;  De  eodem;  28  May. 

Middlesex;  De  eodem;  12  Nov. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  120. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis  anno 
xxix  Regis  Edwardi  tercii.  Adhuc  Presentationes,  Attor- 
natus,  Dies  dati  et  Respectus;  rot.  12. 

Suit’  De  die  dato. 

Memorandum  quod  Henricus  de  Bekwell,  vnus  iusticiariorum 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  263  * 

operariorum  in  comitatu  SurP  venit  hie  coram  baronibus, 
xxviii0  die  Nouembris  hoc  termino,  et  liberauit  curie  hie  xiii 
rotulos  de  finibus,  excessubus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  huius- 
modi  operariorum,  qui  rotuli  sunt  in  custodia  huius  rememora- 
toris,  et  recordatur  quod  liberauit  transscriptum  eorundem  rotu- 
lorum  Thome  de  Weston,  Nicholao  atte  Welle,  Ade  de  Sancto 
Albano  et  Iohanni  de  Godestou  nuper  collectoribus  tercii  anni 
solucionis  xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxii0  con- 
cessarum  in  comitatu  predicto  die  Sabbati  proximo  post  festum 
Natiuitatis  Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste  anno  xxvt0,  per  inden- 
turam  cuius  alteram  partem  ostendit,  videlicet  pro  denariis  in 
transcripto  illo  contends  leuandis  in  exoneracionem  communi- 
tatis  dicti  comitatus.  Super  quo  predicti  Thomas  de  Weston 
et  Iohannes  de  Godestou,  presentes  hie  in  curia  super  premissis 
allocuti,  bene  concedunt  quod  ipsi  simul  cum  predictis  Nicholao 
et  Adam  receperunt  transcriptum  predictum  et  quod  distrib- 
uerunt  magnam  partem  inde  inter  pauperes  villatas  dicti  comi¬ 
tatus  in  allocacionem,  videlicet,  solucionis  dicti  tercii  anni  solu¬ 
cionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum  dicto  anno  xxii°  concessarum, 
asserentes  ipsi  Thomas  et  Iohannes  quod  in  absencia  predicti 
Nicholai  atte  Welle  et  heredis  et  executoris  predicti  Ade  in 
premissis  computare  non  possunt  petentesque  proinde  quod 
veniant  etc. 

Et  viso  statuto  per  quod  Rex  concessit  huiusmodi  fines  etc' 
in  auxilium  communitatis  regni  etc.,  quod  quidem  statutum 
factum  fuit  in  parliamento  Regis  apud  Westmonasterium  con- 
uocato  in  octabis  Purificacionis  beate  Marie  Virginis,  anno 
xxvt0  et  residet  in  custodia  alterius  rememoratoris,  compertum 
est  in  eodem  quod  Rex  inter  cetera  concessit  quod  vicecomites, 
constabularii,  balliui  et  gaolarii,  clerici  iusticiariorum  vel  vice- 
comitum,  nec  alii  ministri  quicumque,  nichil  capiant  racione 
officiorum  suorum  de  huiusmodi  operariis  pro  feodis,  sectis 
prisonum  vel  alio  modo,  et  si  quid  inde  ceperint  modo  predicto 
id  liberent  collectoribus  xve  et  xe  in  auxilium  communitatis  pro 
tempore  quo  eedem  xve  et  xe  currunt  tarn  pro  tempore  preterito 
quam  futuro,  concordatum  est  quod  dicti  collectores  compu- 
tent  etc. 


APPENDIX 


264  * 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  Surr’  quod  distringat  predic¬ 
tum  Nicholaum  atte  Welle  et  Adam  de  Sancto  Albano  vel 
heredes  et  executores  suos  si  ipsi  mortui  fuerint  ac  tenentes 
terrarum  et  tenementorum  que  fuerunt  ipsorum  Nicholai  et 
Ade  in  feodo  per  terras  etc. ;  ita  etc.  a  die  Sancti  Hillarii  in 
xv  dies  ad  computandum,  vna  etc.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est 
prefatis  Thome  et  lohanni  ad  computandum,  vna  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Thomas  de  Weston  et  Iohannes  de 
Godestou  ac  Nicholaus  atte  Welle  veniunt.  Et  quoad  predic¬ 
tum  Adam  de  Sancto  Albano  vicecomes  retornauit  quod  idem 
Adam  obiit  et  quod  Iohannes  de  Sancto  Albano,  filius  et  heres 
predicti  Ade  de  Sancto  Albano,  vnus  executorum  testamenti 
predicti  Ade  ac  tenens  terrarum  et  tenementorum  que  fuerunt 
eiusdem  Ade,  et  Radulfus  ITert  et  Henricus  atte  Cauce  de 
Croydon,  coexecutores  ipsius  Iohannis  de  Sancto  Albano  testa¬ 
menti  predicti  Ade,  districti  sunt  et  exitus  etc. 

Et  predictus  Radulfus  Hert  venit  et  tarn  ipse  quam  predicti 
Thomas  de  Weston,  Iohannes  de  Godestou  et  Nicholaus  atte 
Welle  cognoscunt  et  concedunt  se  velle  et  debere  computare 
tarn  pro  se  ipsis  quam  pro  predictis  Iohanne  de  Sancto  Albano 
et  Henrico  atte  Cauce  in  premissis  et  satisfacere  Regi  de  arre- 
ragio  eiusdem  compoti.  Et  super  hoc  prestiterunt  sacramentum 
de  fideliter  computando.  Postea  predicti  Thomas  de  Weston 
et  Iohannes  de  Godestou  computarunt  tarn  pro  se  ipsis  quam 
predictis  Nicholao  atte  Welle  in  premissis;  qui  quidem  com- 
potus  remanet  in  custodia  ingrossatoris,  particule  vero  dicti 
compoti  remanent  in  custodia  huius  rememoratoris,  per  quern 
compotum  nichil  debetur. 

Assize  Roll,  Sussex,  941.  26  Edw.  III.  63  membranes. 

Placita  (de  transgressionibus,  etc.)  coram  J.  de  Molyns 
et  sociis  suis. 

m.  1.  Presentaciones  apud  Estgrentede  coram  Iohanne  de 
Molyns,  Ricardo  de  Cresseuill  et  Iohanne  Cleymond 
iusticiariis  domini  Regis  ad  quosdam  contemptus,  trans- 
gressiones,  confederaciones,  conspiraciones  et  alios  ar- 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  265  * 

ticulos  in  comitatu  Sussex’  vna  cum  ....  audiendos 
et  terminandos  assignatis  die  Mercurii  proxima  post 
festum  concepcionis  beate  Marie  Virginis  anno  regni 
....  vicesimo  sexto.  Mofyns. 

1 

m.  8.  Item  dicunt  quod  Iohannes  de  Sufcon,  anno  regni 
domini  Regis  nunc  vicesimo  tercio,  quo  anno  extitit 
collector  quintedecime  domini  Regis  in  comitatu  Sus¬ 
sex’  et  habuit  commissionem  ad  inquirendum  de  labora- 
riis  et  salariis  suis  excessiuis  et  ad  eadem 1  salaria 
ponenda  in  exoneracionem  quintedecime  villatarum  in 
quibus  ilia  salaria  capta  fuerunt,  idem  2  Iohannes  de 
Sutton  per  extorsionem  cepit  de  Thoma  de  Preston, 
laborario,  viginti  sex  solidos  octo  denarios  pro  quibus 
denariis  idem  Iohannes  de  Sutton  liberauit  in  prisona 
domini  Regis  in  castro  de  Lewes  corpus  predicti  Thome 
custodiendum  ibidem  quousque  plenarie  satisfecerit  de 
summa  predicta ;  quam  quidem  summam 3  idem 
Thomas  postea  soluit  prefato  Iohanni,  qui  earn  retinuit 
ad  opus  suum  proprium  sine  aliquo  inde  soluendo  seu 
ponendo  in  auantagium  quintedecime  domini  Regis, 
tenente  Regina  villatam  de  Preston  in  qua  dicta  summa 
leuata  fuerat. 

(m.  23  contains  more  presentments  against  de  Sutton  for  ex¬ 
torsion  as  collector;  he  pleads  guilty  and  is  fined.) 

Assize  Roll,  Essex,  267.  25  Edw.  III.  66  membranes. 

Praesentationes  apud  Chelmsford. 

(For  evidence  that  these  are  “  coram  Rege  ”  indict¬ 
ments,  see  app.,  F,  1.) 

m.  1.  (No  heading.) 

Item  dicunt  quod  Edmundus  de  Nortot  cepit  de  villa 
de  Fynchingfeld  de  laboratoribus  et  seruitoribus  de 

1MS.  eandem.  2  MS.  eidem.  3  MS.  summa. 


2.66  * 


APPENDIX 


anno  Regis  nunc  xxiiii0,  x  li.  vnde  dominus  Rex  nichil 
habuit. 

m.  7.  Item  dicunt  quod  dictus  Edmundus  de  Northhofts 
per  consilium  et  assensum  Iohannis  Houel  in  omnibus 
sessionibus  suis  habuit  mariscallum,  videlicet  Iohannem 
Northtofts,  qui  cepit  de  quolibet  laborario  iurato  fere 
iiii  d.  (Item  Thomas  de  Haueryng,  clericus,  i  d.  Item 
Iohannes  Castel,  crior,  id.)  et  inprisonauit  omnes 
laborarios  et  seruitores  qui  noluere  dictum  feodum 
soluere  quousque  etc.,  ad  anullacionem  et  paupera- 
cionem  hominum  et  feminarum  hundredi  et  contra 
ordinaciones  domini  Regis  inde  factas. 

•  ••••««  • 

m.  51.  Essex.  Magna  Inquisicio. 

m.  54  d. 

Item  ils  presentent  qe  com  Esmund  de  Northtuft  vn 
des  iustices  sur  laborers,  le  Iudy  proscheyn  apres  la 
feste  de  Seynt  Matheu  lan  du  regne  nostre  Seignur  le 
Roy  qore  est  xxiiii,  fuist  asis  en  le  Chaustel  Daungre, 
et  fist  apeller  deuant  luy  toutz  les  artificers  ct  laborers 
de  chescun  ville  del  hundred  Daungre,  et  Waulter 
Salkyn  deuant  le  dit  Esmund  pour  exces  par  fyn  deuers 
le  Roy  puny;  al  ysser  de  mesme  celuy  Waulter  a  la 
porte  du  chastel  auandict,  Iohan  de  Bamptone,  senes¬ 
chal  et  baillif  du  dit  hundred,  le  dit  Waulter  arestut  et 
enprisona  et  de  luy  prist  v  deners  par  extorsion  enr 
countre  la  pees,  et  par  mesme  la  cause  et  en  mesme  la 
manere  de  William  Tracp  v  d.  [etc.]  1  et  de  plusurs 
aultres  artificers  et  laborers  et  seruantz  a  la  mount- 
aunce  de  c.  souldz  par  voie  de  extorsion  prist  encountre 
lestatut. 

Assize  Roll,  Essex,  268.  25  Edw.  III.  27  membranes. 

Praesentationes  Juratorum. 

(For  an  account  of  the  probable  character  of  this 


!Ten  others. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  267  * 

roll,  see  app.,  169,  and  F,  1 ;  the  portions  here  quoted 
are  probably  “  coram  Rege  ”  indictments.) 

m.  6.  Magna  Inquisicio. 

Rugford. 

•  ••••••• 

Item  presentant  quod  Edmundus  Nortoft,  collector 
quindecime  comitatus  Essex’,  cepit  de  villa  de  Stur- 
mere  xxxii  s.  ii  d.  de  laboratoribus  1  eiusdem  ville  et 
nilominus  lxxviii  s.  pro  integra  solucione  quindecime 
predicte,  et  pro  qualibet  acquietancia  vi  d.  anno  Regis 
nunc  xxv. 

m.  6  d.  ........ 

Item  presentant  quod  Edmundus  Nortoft,  collector 
quindecime  Regis  in  comitatu  Essex’,  cepit  de  villa  de 
Wetheresfeld  xii  s.  de  laborariis  ville  et  nilominus  in- 
tegram  summam  quindecime  ville  anno  xxv. 

•  •*••••  • 
m.  16.  Hundredum  de  Dunmawe. 

•  •  •  •  •  |  •  *  • 

Item  presentent  qe  Iohan  Walter  de  Fifhyde  fut  iure 
deuaunt  Edmund  de  Nortoft  et  son  compaignoun  qe  il 
Trans-  laboreyt  et  prendreyt  soloun  la  ordinaunce  de  nouele 
gressio.  estatut,  la  ou  il  prist  en  lan  nostre  seignur  le  Roy  qe 
ore  est  xxiiii  en  Aust  vi  d.  manger  et  beyure  de  iour 
en  iour  par  viii  semaygnes  encontre  lestatut,  et  est  rebel 
et  ne  wit  estre  iustifise  par  le  conestablis  de  la  ville. 

Cf.  Mem.  K.  R.,  26  Edw.  Ill,  Trin.,  Recorda, 
Essex.  A  long  process  against  Thomas  de  Lacy,  Ed¬ 
mund  de  Northtoft  and  John  Waleys,  collectors  of  the 
grant  of  the  22nd  year,  who  had  failed  to  account  for 


*MS.  laboribus. 


268  * 


APPENDIX 


the  third  year  of  the  payment ; 1  they  were  convicted, 
imprisoned,  and  fined. 

2.  Extracts  from  Lay  Subsidies  and  Memoranda  Rolls. 

( Cf .  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  i,  B,  a.) 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  118. 

Adhuc  Commtinia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis  anno 
xxvii  Regis  Edwardi  tercii.  Adhuc  Recorda,  rot.  20. 

(Enrolled  Mem.  K.  R.,  26,  Trin.,  Recorda,  Anglia;  and 
Orig.,  26,  m.  27,  Anglia.) 

Essex’  Forma  leuacionis  et  distribucionis  finium  et  amercia- 
mentorum  operariorum. 

Leo  de  Bradenham  et  socii  sui  collectores  xve  et  xe  trienna- 
lium  Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxvto  concessarum  in  comitatu  Essex’ 
exhibuerunt  curie  literas  Regis  patentes  quas  pecierunt  irrotu- 
lari  in  hec  verba :  Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie 
et  dominus  Hibernie,  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis  Leoni  de  Braden¬ 
ham  et  Iohanni  de  Depeden,  salutem.  Sciatis  quod  cum  duces, 
comites,  barones,  milites  et  communitates  comitatuum  regni  nos- 
tri  Anglie  quintamdecimam,  ac  cives  et  burgenses  ciuitatum  et 
burgorum  eiusdern  regni  decimam  omnium  bonorum  suorum 
mobilium  in  presenti  parliamento  nostro  apud  Westmonaster- 
ium  ad  diem  Veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Hillarii  proxime  preteritum 
conuocato,  pro  triennio  tunc  proxime  futuro  in  auxilium  ex- 
pensarum  quas  pro  expedicione  guerrarum  nostrarum  et  sal- 
uacione  et  defensione  dicti  regni  facere  nos  oportet,  concesserint 
eodem  modo  quo  huiusmodi  decime  et  quintedecime  nobis 
vltimo  concesse  leuate  fuerunt  leuandas  et  nobis  ad  terminos 
Pasche  et  Sancti  Michaelis  quolibet  anno  dicti  triennii  per 
equales  porciones  soluendas,  et  nos  habita  consideracione  quod 
quamplura  ville  et  hameletta  tarn  per  pestilenciam  quam  ex 
aliis  variis  causis  in  multo  depauperantur  quam  pluraque  alia 

1  Undoubtedly,  therefore,  the  same  date  as  that  of  the  offences  referred 
to  in  the  “coram  Rege  ”  indictments. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  269  * 

totaliter  vastantur,  ad  requisicionem  eiusdem  communitatis  de 
assensu  prelatorum,  ducum,  comitum  et  baronum  predictorum 
concesserimus  eidem  communitati  omnes  fines,  redempciones, 
exitus,  forisfactiones  et  amerciamenta  omnium  operariorum, 
seruientum  et  artificum  que  de  eis  vel  causa  eorum  coram  iusti- 
ciariis  nostris  ad  inquirendum  de  huiusmodi  operatoribus,  ser- 
uientibus  et  artificibus  iuxta  formam  statuti  inde  editi  facta  et 
adiudicata  existunt  de  quibus  nobis  seu  communitatibus  ciuita- 
tum,  burgorum  et  villarum  predictorum  in  subsidium  decime  et 
quintedecime  nobis  alias  concessarum  iuxta  ordinacionem  tunc 
inde  factam  non  est  responsum,  et  eciam  que  imposterum  vsque 
ad  finem  vltimi  termini  solucionis  decime  et  quintedecime  predic- 
tarum  fieri  et  adiudicari  continget,  in  auxilium  et  supportacionem 
solucionis  decime  et  quintedecime  earundem  per  taxatores  et  col- 
lectores  decime  et  quintedecime  illarum  in  singulis  comitatibus 
per  extractas  iusticiariorum  predictorum  eisdem  taxatoribus  et 
collectoribus  liberandas  iuxta  formam  nobis  in  dicto  parlia¬ 
ment  per  dictam  communitatem  liberatam  et  per  nos  accep- 
tatam  quam  vobis  mittimus  in  forma  patenti  sigillo  nostro 
signatam  leuanda  et  colligenda. 

Nos  volentes  de  dictis  decima  et  quintadecima  pro  primo 
anno  dicti  triennii  responderi  iuxta  concessionem  nobis  inde 
factam,  assignauimus  vos  coniunctim  et  diuisim  ad  leuan- 
dum,  colligendum  et  recipiendum  ad  opus  nostrum  pro 
primo  anno  predict  de  singulis  ciuitatibus,  burgis  et  villis 
in  comitatu  Essex’  tarn  infra  libertates  quam  extra  tantam 
pecunie  summam  quanta  de  eisdem  ciuitatibus,  burgis  et 
villis  in  comitatu  predict  in  vltima  concessione  huiusmodi 
decime  et  quintedecime  leuata  fuit  ad  opus  nostrum;  ita  quod 
nobis  de  vna  medietate  omnium  denariorum  de  decima  et 
quintadecima  predictis  in  dicto  comitatu  proueniencium  in  festo 
Pasche  proxime  futuro  et  de  altera  medietate  denariorum 
eorundem  in  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  proxime  sequente  respon- 
deatis,  et  eciam  assignauimus  vos  ad  omnia  predicta  fines,  re¬ 
dempciones,  exitus  et  amerciamenta  leuanda  et  colligenda  et 
inter  villatas  et  hameletta  predicta  distribuenda  et  liberanda 
iuxta  formam  supradictam. 


APPENDIX 


270  * 

Et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  quod,  statim  visis  presentibus, 
vos  de  villa  ad  villam  et  loco  ad  locum  infra  comitatum 
predictum  tarn  infra  libertates  quam  extra  prout  expedire 
videritis  personaliter  diuertatis  et  venire  faciatis  coram  vobis 
de  qualibet  villa  dicti  comitatus  duos  homines  et  prepositum 
et  de  qualibet  ciuitate  et  burgo  eiusdem  comitatus  maiorem 
et  balliuos  et  quatuor  homines  de  discrecioribus  et  probior- 
ibus  hominibus  eorundem  villarum,  ciuitatum  et  burgorum 
ad  certos  dies  et  loca  eis  magis  acomoda  per  vos  desig- 
nanda ;  iniungentes  eisdem  quod  pecuniam  predictam  deciine  et 
quintedecime  predictarum  per  vnum  vel  duos  de  singulis  vil¬ 
larum,  ciuitatum  et  burgorum  predictorum  magis  sufficientes 
leuari  et  vobis  liberari  faciant  indilate.  Alioquin  dictam  pecu¬ 
niam  de  decima  et  quintadecima  predictis  de  ipsis  ciuitatibus, 
burgis  et  villis  cum  omni  celeritate  leuari  et  nobis  inde  respon¬ 
ded  et  dicta  fines,  redempciones,  exitus  et  amerciamenta  collegi 
et  leuari  et  inter  villatas  et  hameletta  predicta  distribui  faciatis 
sicut  predictum  est. 

Damus  autem  vobis  et  cuilibet  vestrum  plenam  tenore 
presencium  potestatem  distringendi  et  amerciandi  omnes  illos 
quos  ad  veniendum  coram  vobis  premuniri  feceritis  si  coram 
vobis  venire  recusauerint,  necnon  capiendi  et  arestandi  omnes 
illos  si  qui  vobis  vel  alicui  vestrum  in  execucione  premis- 
sorum  resistentes  fuerint,  necnon  castigandi  et  puniendi 
omnes  huiusmodi  rebelles  aliis  viis  et  modis  quibus  pro  celeri 
leuacione  denariorum  predictorum  melius  videritis  expedire. 
Damus  eciam  ducibus,  comitibus,  baronibus,  militibus  et 
liberis  hominibus  et  toti  communitati  comitatus  predicti  tarn 
infra  libertates  quam  extra,  necnon  maioribus  et  balliuis 
ciuitatum  et  burgorum  in  eodem  comitatu  ac  balliuis  prela- 
torum,  ducum,  comitum,  baronum  et  aliorum  quorumcumque 
infra  libertates  et  extra  et  vicecomiti  nostro  eiusdem  comitatus 
tenore  presencium  in  mandatis  quod  vobis  et  cuilibet  vestrum 
in  premissis  omnibus  et  singulis  faciendis  et  exequendis  inten- 
dentes  sint  respondentes,  consulentes  et  auxiliantes  prout  eis 
scire  feceritis  ex  parte  nostra,  et  quod  idem  vicecomes  omnes 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  2JI  * 

homines  porciones  ipsos  inde  contingentes  soluere  recusantes 
vna  vobiscum  distringat  et  ad  solucionem  huiusmodi  compellat 
quociens  et  quando  per  vos  vel  aliquem  vestrum  super  hoc 
fuerit  premunitus. 

In  cuius  rei  testimonium,  has  literas  nostras  fieri  fecimus 
patentes. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxvta  die  Februarii, 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  sexto,  regni  vero  nostri 
Francie  terciodecimo. 

Per  ipsum  Regem  et  consilium. 

Exhibuit  eciam  hie  prefatus  Leo  de  Bradenham  formam 
leuacionis  et  concessionis  de  quibus  fit  vlterius  mencio  in  breui 
in  hec  verba:  (duplicated  in  Miscellanea  of  the  Exchequer,  no. 
4/39;  printed  from  a  British  Museum  transcript  in  Statutes  of 
the  Realm ,  as  25  Edw.  Ill,  st.  vii,  Statutum  de  Forma  leva- 
tionis  Decimequinte.) 

Come  notre  seignur  le  Roi,  prelatz,  dues,  countz,  barons  et 
autres  grantz  assembleyz  en  cest  parlement  tenuz  a  Wey- 
monster  en  la  feste  de  Seint  Hiller  lan  du  regne  meisme  nostre 
seignur  le  Roi  Dengleterre  vintisme  quint  et  de  Fraunce  dous- 
zisme  eient  grantez  as  les  communes  de  dit  roialme  Dengle¬ 
terre  en  eide  des  disme  et  quinzisme  queles  les  ditz  communes 
ount  grantez  au  nostre  dit  seignur  le  Roi,  pur  lesploit  de  sa 
guerre  de  France  et  defense  de  son  dit  roialme  Dengleterre, 
pur  trois  aunz  proscheinz  ensuantz,  toutz  les  fynes,  issuez,  for- 
faitz,  amerciementz  et  toutz  altres  profitz  que  sount  ou  serount 
leuez  ou  prises  des  laborers,  artificers,  regraters,  vitaillers,  hos- 
tillers  et  totes  manere  dez  ouerours  et  dez  seruantz  en  toutz 
pointz,  (comme  pleinement  est  contenuz  en  lestatut  ent  fait  au 
dreyn  parlement  tenuz  a  les  oetaues  de  la  Chaundeloure  lan 
susdit,)  de  la  feste  du  Pasche  drayne  passe  tanques  a  dreyn 
terme  du  payement  des  dismes  et  quinzismes  susditz.  Et  oues- 
ques  ceo  si  rien  soit  aderiere  dez  dites  fynes,  amerciementz  et 
autres  profitz  susditz  de  la  fesaunce  de  dit  estatut,  que  nest  mye 
paye  a  les  communes  en  eide  de  lour  disme  et  quinzisme  cur- 


APPENDIX 


272  * 

rantz  deuant  sez  heures  (ou  des  summes  de  queles  le  Roi  nest 
mye  respounduz),  adonqes  eient  les  dites  communes  ceo  que 
issint  est  aderere  en  eide  de  lour  disme  et  quinzisme  triennales 
a  cest  parlement  grantez ;  les  ditz  communes  prient  a  nostre  dit 
seignur  le  Roi  et  a  les  grantz,  que  commissions  dez  laborers 
soient  faites  as  certeignes  gentz  en  chescune  countee  nomez 
par  les  ditz  communes  en  meisme  le  parlement,  denquere  et  de 
fair  droit  solonq  lestatut  auantdit;  et  que  meismes  les  iustices 
preignent  gagez  resonablez,  chescun  solonq  son  estate,  des 
issuez  et  profitz  de  lour  sessions ;  et  que  les  iustices  facent  de- 
liuerer  lour  extretz  as  coillours  de  les  dismes  et  quinzismes  es 
counteez  ou  ils  serront  par  endenture,  et  que  extretes  ent 
liueretz  en  lescheqier  soient  liueretz  as  ditz  iustices,  qi  les  fer- 
rount  liuerer  hors  de  lour  gard  as  ditz  coillours ;  et  meisme 
les  iustices  auant  lour  leuer  en  chescun  session  facent  affirer 
les  amerciementz  come  appent;  et  quant  ils  serrount  issint 
affirez  soient  touz  les  extretes  et  touz  profitz  de  lour  sessions  a 
la  fyne  de  chescun  session  mys  en  certeyn  somme  en  presence 
des  ditz  iustices,  coillours  et  des  chiualers  et  des  sergeantz  des 
mieltz  vaus  de  pays,  et  soit  apporcione  meisme  la  somme  par 
serement  des  bones  et  loials  chiualers  et  altres  de  chescune 
hundred  en  la  forme  qensuit:  cest  assauoir  que  de  chescun 
hundred  soient  certeynes  gentz  eslut  deuant  mesmes  les  iustices 
tanque  il  bosoignera  iuretz  a  monstrer  et  a  dire  de  chescune 
ville  del  hundred  et  de  chescun  hamel  le  gast  mischiefes  et  lem- 
pouerissement  des  yceles,  sibien  deinz  franchise  come  dehors, 
saunz  celer  ou  fauere  fair  a  nully,  et  soit  la  somme,  quant  ele 
serra  issint  mys  en  certeyne,  a  fyne  de  chescune  session,  appor¬ 
cione  entre  lez  ditz  villes  et  hameles  par  lauys  dez  ditz  iustices 
et  par  serement  des  ditz  coillours  et  altres  sousnomez  solonc 
lestat  des  ditz  villes  et  hamels  et  lour  mischiefes  et  solonc  ceo 
que  lour  necessite  demande ;  issint  que  a  chescune  ville  et  hamel 
soit  allote  sa  porcioune,  et  mys  en  certeyn,  et  la  cause  dycel, 
deuant  les  ditz  iustices,  et  mys  en  lour  recordes,  et  recoupe  en 
partye  du  payement  del  aunciene  taxe  des  ditz  villes  et  hamels ; 
et  que  le  remen  ant  du  taxe  des  dites  villez  et  hamels  soit  leue 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  273  * 

par  les  ditz  coillours  outre  les  extretes  liueretz  a  eux  par  les 
ditz  iustices  solonc  laporcionement  susdite,  et  nient  pluys,  sour 
peyne  de  perder  la  treble  as  parties  des  queux  les  choses  serront 
leuetz,  et  qui  de  ce  se  senterent  greuez  et  destre  retynte  a  la 
volente  le  Roi ;  et  que  les  ditz  iustices  eient  poair  a  oier  et  ter¬ 
miner,  si  bien  a  la  suyte  du  partie  come  a  la  suyte  le  Roi,  des 
coillours,  soutcoillours,  taxours  et  altres  ministres  qecumqes,  et 
de  totez  altres  qui  ferrount  ou  vendront  contre  lour  ordinances 
susdites,  et  afaire  sour  ceo  redde  punissement,  et  que  toutz  les 
prolitz  issantz  des  tieux  punissementz  en  qecomque  manere,  que 
serront  aiuggetz  deuant  les  ditz  iustices  des  tieux  laboriers, 
ouerours  et  artificers,  ou  par  cause  de  eux,  soient  en  eide  de  la 
commune,  pur  porter  la  charge  de  lour  disme  et  quinzisme 
auantdites.  Et  contenuz  soit  en  les  commissions  ent  faites,  que 
touz  ministres,  seignurs  des  franchises  et  lour  baillifs  soient 
attendantz  a  les  ditz  iustices  sour  gref  payne ;  as  queux  choses 
susdites  nostre  seignur  le  Roi,  prelatz,  dues,  countes  et  altres 
grantz  au  dit  parlement  donez  lour  assent  pleinerement ;  issint 
totes  voies,  que  par  cause  de  nul  poynt  susdit  de  leuer  ne  la 
paier  des  dites  disme  et  quinzisme  triennales  ne  soit  pas  delaye 
en  nul  manere  as  nuls  des  termes  susdites. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  118. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Sancti  Hillarii  anno  xxvii0 
Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum.  Adhuc  Recorda, 
rot.  19. 

Anglia,  De  modo  et  forma  admissionis  compotorum  de 
finibus  etc.  operariorum,  seruientum  et  artificum. 

Memorandum  quod  cum  in  quodam  statuto  .  .  .  (*.  e.  statute 
of  labourers  of  the  25th  year;  there  follows,  first,  a  brief  sum¬ 
mary  of  both  the  ordinance  and  the  statute,  and  second,  a  literal 
quotation  in  Latin  of  the  clause  of  the  statute  beginning  “  Item 
que  viscontes  ”  1 )  datum  est  curie  intelligi  quod  denarii  pro- 
uenientes  de  finibus,  redempeionibus,  excessubus,  exitibus  et 


*App.,  16. 


APPENDIX 


274  * 

amerciamentis  predictis  concellantur  per  diuersos  ministros 
Regis  qui  denarios  illos  leuare  et  sibi  ipsis  appropriare  ac  in 
vsubus  suis  propriis  conuertere  intendunt,  absque  eo  quod 
quicquam  solutum  sit  Regi  inde  in  exoneracionem  communitatis 
regni  Anglie  de  predicta  xva,  videlicet,  triennali  concessa  supra- 
dicto  anno  xxvt0  iuxta  formam  statuti  predicti,  ad  dampnum 
Regis  et  dicte  communitatis.  Ideo  pro  huiusmodi  dampno  eui- 
tando  in  euentu  et  vt  sciatur  quod  denarii  predicti  rite  leuentur, 
soluantur  et  expendantur  in  exoneracionem  dicte  communitatis 
et  celeriori  solucione  xve  predicte,  pro  commodo  Regis  concor- 
datum  est  quod  mandetur  omnibus  huiusmodi  iusticiariis  per 
Angliam  quod  extractas  suas  liberent  collectoribus  xve  predicte 
per  indenturas  et  quod  alteras  partes  indenturarum  illarum 
penes  eosdem  iusticiarios  remansuras  post  confecciones  earun- 
dem  mittant  hie  sub  sigillis  suis  de  tempore  in  tempus  prout  etc. 
Mandetur  eciam  collectoribus  dicte  xve  et  xe  triennalium  in 
singulis  comitatibus  Anglie  quod  dictas  extractas  a  prefatis 
iusticiariis  recipiant  per  indenturas  in  forma  predicta  et  dena¬ 
rios  in  eisdem  extractis  contentos  leuent  et  inde  respondeant 
hie  proporcionaliter  in  exoneracionem  communitatis  singulorum 
comitatuum  Anglie  in  quibus  leuati  fuerint  de  solucione  xve  et 
xe  predictarum.  Ipsique  collectores  computent  hie  ad  scacca- 
rium  per  extractas  predictas  eis  per  dictos  iusticiarios  liber- 
andas  per  quas  et  similiter  per  certificaciones  eorundem  ius- 
ticiariorum  faciendas  hie,  ipsi  collectores  onerentur  super  com- 
potis  suis. 

Concordatum  est  insuper  quod  auditis  compotis  illis  hie 
in  forma  predicta  capiantur  pedes  compotorum  illorum  et 
respondeant  collectores  statim  de  summis  suis  antequam  rece- 
dant  in  exoneracionem,  videlicet,  dicte  communitatis  de  solu¬ 
cione  xv°  et  xe  predictarum,  dictique  compoti  non  ingrossentur 
quousque  etc.  Set  remaneant  in  custodia  ingrossatoris  huius 
scaccarii  et  quod  extracte  super  eosdem  compotos  restitute  ac 
particule  compotorum  illorum  remaneant  in  custodia  rememora- 
toris ;  que  quidem  extracte  innouentur  de  tempore  in  tempus 
cum  necessitas  requiratur  currentibus  xva  et  xa  predictis.  Ita 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  275  * 

quod  cessantibus  ipsis  xva  et  xa  satisfactoque  Regi  inde,  id 
quod  superfuerit  non  leuatum  per  extractas  predictas  leuetur 
ad  opus  Regis. 

Memoranda  Roll,  K.  R.,  no.  129. 

Adhuc  Breuia  directa  baronibus  de  termino  Sancte  Trini- 
tatis  anno  xxvii°  Regis  Edwardi  tercii ;  rot.  5  d. 

Pro  collectoribus  xme  et  xvme  Regi  anno  xxvt0  conces- 
sarum  in  comitatu  Buk’  pro  primo  anno  solucionis  earun- 
dem. 

Rex  thesaurario  et  baronibus  suis  de  scaccario,  salutem. 
Cum  nuper  in  parliamento  nostro  apud  Westmonasterium  con- 
uocato,  concordatum  fuisset  quod  omnes  pecuniarum  summe 
de  finibus,  amerciamentis  et  exitibus  operariorum,  seruiencium 
et  artificum  prouenientes  per  collectores  decime  et  quintedecime 
per  extractas  iusticiariorum  nostrorum  ad  inquirendum  de 
huiusmodi  operariis,  seruientibus  et  artificibus  assignatorum  eis 
liberandas  leuarentur  et  inter  villatas  vbi  magis  indigerit  in 
auxilium  solucionis  decime  et  quintedecime  predictarum  dis- 
tribuerentur,  ac  iam  ex  parte  collectorum  dictarum  decime  et 
quintedecime  in  comitatu  Buk’  pro  primo  anno  concessionis 
earundem  nobis  sit  ostensum  quod,  licet  vos  extractas  huius¬ 
modi  finium,  amerciamentorum  et  exituum  operariorum,  ser- 
uientum  et  artificum  coram  Willelmo  de  Shareshull  et  sociis 
suis  iusticiariis  nostris  ad  placita  coram  nobis  tenenda  assig- 
natis  in  sessione  sua  in  comitatu  predicto  factorum  et  adiudica- 
torum  prefatis  collectoribus  de  mandato  nostro  liberaueritis  ad 
eosdem  fines,  amerciamenta  et  exitus  per  extractas  illas  leuanda 
et  distribuenda  in  forma  predicta,  vos  tamen  iam  pretendentes 
fines,  amerciamenta  et  exitus  predictos  coram  prefato  Willelmo 
et  sociis  suis  predictis  factos  et  adiudicatos  ad  nos  pertinere 
debere,  dictos  fines,  amerciamenta  et  exitus  per  ipsos  collectores 
per  extractas  predictas  leuatos  eis  allocare  distulistis  et  diuersas 
pecuniarum  summas  de  finibus,  amerciamentis  et  exitibus  pre¬ 
dictis  ad  opus  nostrum  leuari  fecistis  contra  formam  concordie 
supradicte.  Et  quia  intencionis  nostre  et  consilii  nostri  extitit 


APPENDIX 


276  * 

et  existit  quod  omnes  huiusmodi  fines,  amerciamenta  et  exitus 
operariorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  tam  coram  iusticiariis  ad 
placita  coram  nobis  tenenda  assignatis  quam  aliis  iusticiariis 
nostris  quibuscumque  facti  et  adiudicati  in  auxilium  solucionis 
decime  et  quintedecime  predictarum  conuertantur,  vobis  man¬ 
damus  quod  prefatis  collectoribus  omnes  pecuniarum  summas 
de  huiusmodi  finibus,  amerciamentis  et  exitibus  coram  prefato 
Willelmo  et  sociis  suis  predictis  factis  et  adiudicatis  tam  per 
ipsos  collectores  quam  per  vos  leuatas  eisdem  collectoribus  in 
alleuiacionem  porcionum  pauperes  villatas  comitatus  predicti 
de  decima  et  quintadecima  predictis  contingencium  ad  scacca- 
rium  predictum  allocetis  iuxta  intencionem  nostram  supra- 
dictam. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  vi  die  Iunii,  anno 
regni  nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  septimo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie 
quartodecimo. 

Cf.  ibid.,  Trin.,  Recorda,  Bucks.;  De  allocacione  facienda 
collectoribus  xvme. 

Lay  Subsidy,  242/81,  Derby.1 

No.  2.  Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dom- 
inus  Hibernie,  collectoribus  decime  et  quintedecime  in 
comitatu  Derb’,  salutem.  Mandamus  vobis  quod  dilecto 
et  fideli  nostro  Hugoni  de  Meignill  vni  iusticiariorum 
nostrorum  ad  inquirendum  de  operariis,  seruientibus  et 
artificibus  in  comitatu  predicto  assignatorum  sex  solidos 
et  octo  denarios  pro  se  et  clericis  suis  per  diem  pro  vadiis 
suis  tam  pro  tempore  quo  sessiones  suas  circa  premissa 
in  comitatu  predicto  fecit  quam  exnunc  pro  tempore  quo 
sessiones  suas  huiusmodi  in  eodem  comitatu  facere  con- 
tinget,  videlicet  pro  quadraginta  diebus  per  annum  si 
sessiones  suas  huiusmodi  per  tot  dies  ibidem  fecerit  ex 
hac  causa  de  exitibus  extractarum  finium,  amerciamen- 
torum  et  exituum  huiusmodi  operariorum,  seruientum  et 
artificum  vobis  liberatarum  et  liberandarum  solui  et 
habere  faciatis. 


1  App.,  D,  4. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


277  * 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xii  die  Maii, 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  sexto,  regni  vero  nos- 
tri  Francie  terciodecimo. 

Hank. 

(Enrolled  Claus.,  26,  m.  16,  under  the  date  1  May; 
printed  in  Rot.  Pari.,  ii,  455,  and  Cal.  Close  Rolls,  ix, 

436.) 

No.  1.  Nouerint  vniuersi  per  presentes  me  Hugonem  de 
Meignill,  militem,  iusticiarium  domini  Regis  in  comitatu 
Derb’  ad  diuersa  grauamina,  extorciones,  excessus  la- 
borancium  et  seruiencium  audienda  et  terminanda  as- 
signatum,  recepisse  de  Iohanne  de  Greseley  et  sociis  suis 
collectoribus  xve  et  xe  secundi  anni  triennalium  domino 
Regi  concessarum  in  comitatu  Derb’  viginti  marcas  ster- 
lingorum  de  feodo  meo  pro  me  et  clericis  meis,  ab  vltimo 
die  Marci  anno  regni  Regis  nunc  xxvt0  vsque  festum 
Michaelis  anno  xxviit0,  pro  xl  diebus  quibus  sessiones 
meas  feci  in  hac  parte,  percipiendo  per  diem  dimidiam 
marcam,  virtute  breuis  domini  Regis  dicto  Iohanni  et 
sociis  inde  directi.  De  quibus  vero  viginti  marcis  fateor 
me  fore  pacatum  et  dictos  Iohannem  et  socios  suos  quie- 
tos  per  presentes. 

I11  cuius  rei  testimonium,  presentibus  sigillum  meum 
apposui.  Data  apud  Derb’  die  Veneris  proximo  post 
festum  Sancti  Michaelis  Archangeli,  anno  regni  Regis 
Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  vicesimo  septimo. 

Similar  writs  as  follows :  no.  6,  to  William  de  Wakebrugg, 
1 2  May,  26th  year;  Henry  de  la  Pole,  12  July,  26th  year;  en¬ 
rolled  on  Close  Rolls,  ut  supra,  with  slight  differences  of  dates 
of  the  months;  no.  4,  to  John  Cokeyn,  20  July,  27th  year. 
Receipts  from  all  the  above.  All  these  are  the  original  docu¬ 
ments,  consisting  of  small  pieces  of  parchment  fastened  to¬ 
gether  in  one  bundle. 


APPENDIX 


278  * 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  119. 

Adhuc  breuia  retornabilia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis 
anno  xxviii0  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum. 

Bed'  Rex  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis  Iohanni  Morice  et  Iohanni 
Mareschal  iusticiariis  ad  transgressiones  et  excessus 
operariorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  in  comitatu  Bed' 
puniendos  assignatis,  salutem.  Mandamus  vobis  quod 
omnes  extractas  finium,  exituum,  amerciamentorum  et 
excessuum  coram  vobis  et  sociis  vestris  adiudicatorum 
penes  vos  adhuc  existentes  et  collectoribus  primi  et 
secundi  anni  solucionis  xv  et  xe  triennalium  nobis  a 
laicis  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  xxvt0  concessarum  in 
comitatu  predicto  nondum  liberatas,  dilectis  nobis  col¬ 
lectoribus  tercii  anni  solucionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum 
per  indenturas  inde  debite  conficiendas  liberetis,  vt  ipsi 
collectores  tercii  anni  fines,  exitus,  amerciamenta  et  ex¬ 
cessus  predictos  in  alleuiacionem  communitatis  dicti 
comitatus  de  solucione  eiusdem  tercii  anni  ad  opus  nos¬ 
trum  leuare  et  super  compotum  suum  inde  nobis  respon- 
dere  [possint]  iuxta  formam  concessionis  nostre  et  sta- 
tuti  inde  editi  et  prouisi.  Et  partes  indenturarum 
illarum  penes  vos  remansuras  post  confeccionem  earun- 
dem  habeatis  siue  mittatis  ad  scaccarium  nostrum  apud 
Westmonasterium,  a  die  Pasche  in  xv  dies  sub  sigillis 
vestris  vel  vnius  vestrum  et  hoc  breve,  vt  per  partes 
illas  per  vos  sic  mittendas  et  liberandas  dicti  collectores 
tercii  anni  super  compotum  suum  de  eodem  tercio  anno 
onerari  valeant,  prout  decet. 

Teste  G.  de  Wilford,  apud  Westmonasterium,  ix  die 
Decembris. 

Per  Originalia  de  anno  xxvt0  quoad  commissionem 
iusticiariorum  et  formam  concessionis  et  statuti  predic- 
torum,  et  per  barones. 

Memoranda  Roll,  K.  R.,  no.  129. 

Breuia  irretornabilia  de  termino  Pasche  anno  xxviit0 
Regis  Edwardi  tercii. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


279  * 

Warr’  Rex  collectoribus  xve  et  xe  triennalium  nobis  a  laicis 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  xxv  concessarum,  secundo, 
videlicet,  anno  solucionis  earimdem  in  comitatu  Warr’, 
salutem.  Cum  Willelmus  atte  Spyne  nuper  vnus  collec- 
torum  xve  et  xe  predictarum  de  primo,  videlicet,  anno 
solucionis  earundem  iam  computauerit  ad  scaccarium 
nostrum  pro  se  et  sociis  suis  nuper  collectoribus  ipsarum 
xve  et  xe  de  finibus,  excessubus,  exitibus  et  amercia- 
mentis  seruientum,  operariorum  et  aliorum  artificum  per 
ipsum  Willelmum  leuatis  per  extractas  inde  ei  per  ius- 
ticiarios  nostros  ad  transgressiones  et  excessus  huius- 
modi  seruientum,  operariorum  et  artificum  in  dicto  comi¬ 
tatu  puniendos  assignatos,1  per  quern  compotum  idem 
Willelmus  cognoscit  se  habere  in  custodia  sua  xxv  s. 
iam  levatos  de  finibus,  excessubus,  exitibus  et  amercia- 
mentis  predictis  et  quod  lxii  li.  xv  s.  vi  d.  adhuc  debentur 
per  extractas  predictas,  ac  iniunxerimus  eidem  Willelmo 
quod  predictos  xxv  s.  vobis  soluat  per  indenturam  indi- 
late  pro  distribucione  inde  facienda  inter  villatas  dicti 
comitatus  per  pesilenciam  et  paupertatem  magis  depres- 
sas,  iuxta  concessionem  et  ordinacionem  nostras  in  vltimo 
parliamento  nostro  factas,  vobis  mandamus  quod  eosdem 
xxv  s.  a  prefato  Willelmo  in  forma  predicta  recipiatis 
et  eos  fideliter  distribuatis,  indeque  nobis  respondeatis 
in  exoneracionem  communitatis  dicti  comitatus,  iuxta 
formam  concessionis  et  ordinacionis  predictarum,  mitti¬ 
mus  eciam  vobis  quatuor  cedulas  presentibus  tachiatas 
nomina  predictos  lxxii 2  li.  xv  s.  vi  d.  adhuc  debencium 
continentes,  mandantes  quod  eosdem  lxii  li.  xv  s.  vi  d. 
de  terris  et  catallis  eorundem  debitorum  et  plegiorum 
eorundem  proporcionaliter,  prout  debentur  in  eisdem 
cedufis,  leuari  et  distribui  faciatis,  indeque  necnon  de 
predictis  xxv  s.  respondeatis  in  forma  predicta  super 
compotum  vestrum  in  proximo  reddendum  de  secundo, 
videlicet,  anno  solucionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum.  Et 


*MS.  assignatas. 


Clearly  an  error  for  lxii. 


28o  * 


APPENDIX 


habeatis  ibi  tunc  alteram  partem  dicte  indenture  penes 
vos  remansuram,  dictas  quatuor  cedulas  et  hoc  breue. 

Teste  G.  de  Wylford,  apud  Westmonasterium,  vii° 
die  Maii. 

Per  rotulum  Memorandorum  de  eodem  anno  xxvii°, 
Pasche;  Visus  compotorum. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  120. 

Adhuc  Breuia  retornabilia  de  termino  Sancti  Hillarii, 
anno  xxix  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum. 

NorfF 

Rex  dilectis  sibi  Hugoni  Peuerell,  Edmundo  de  Reynham  et 
Roberto  atte  Park,  collectoribus  xve  et  xe  triennalium  nobis  a 
laicis  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  xxvto  concessarum  in  comitatu 
NorfF,  videlicet,  de  tercio  anno  solucionis  earundem,  salutem. 
Mandamus  vobis  firmiter  iniungentes  quod  omnes  fines,  exitus, 
amerciamenta  et  excessus  per  vos  leuatos  seu  leuandos  per  ex- 
tractas  vobis  liberatas  de  tempore  ante  festum  Sancti  Michaelis 
proxime  preteritum  distribui  et  allocari  faciatis  pauperibus 
villatis  died  comitatus  et  vadia  iusticiariorum  huiusmodi  opera- 
riorum  inde  soluatis  iuxta  formam  statuti  inde  editi  et  manda- 
torum  nostrorum  vobis  inde  directorum,  per  visum  et  testi¬ 
monium  Iohannis  de  Berneye  quern  ad  vos  ea  de  causa  duximus 
transmittendum  ne  per  vestri  defectum  seu  necligenciam  in  hac 
parte  querimonia  ad  nos  perueniat  iterata,  per  quod  ad  vos 
grauiter  capere  debeamus.  Et  quid  inde  feceritis  thesaurario  et 
baronibus  de  scaccario  nostro  apud  Westmonasterium  in  octabis 
Purificacionis  beate  Marie  distincte  et  aperte  constare  faciatis. 

Teste  G.  de  Wilford,  xxiii  die  lanuarii. 

Per  thesaurarium  et  barones  ac  alios  de  consilio. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  123. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis  anno 
xxxii0  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu.  Adhuc  Recorda, 
rot.  21  d. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  28 1  * 

Derb’  De  Henrico  de  la  Pole  et  aliis  iusticiariis  at- 
tachiatis  pro  liberacione  extractarum. 

Comperto  in  Originalibus  de  anno  xxvto  Regis  nunc  quod 
Rex  per  literas  suas  patentes  datas  xv  die  Marcii  eodem  anno, 
assignauit  Iohannem  de  Grey  de  Codenore,  Hugonem  de  Mey- 
nill,  Nicholaum  de  Langeford,  Willelmum  de  Skypwyth,  Iohan¬ 
nem  de  Moubray,  Rogerum  Michel  de  Breydeston,  Iohannem 
Cokayn  et  Thomam  Adam  de  Assheburn  ad  pacem  et  statuta 
apud  Wyntoniam  et  Norhamptoniam  pro  conseruacione  pacis 
eiusdem  edita  in  omnibus  et  singulis  articulis  suis  in  comitatu 
Derb’  custodienda  et  custodiri  facienda  et  eciam  ad  ordina- 
ciones  de  operatoribus  per  Regem  et  consilium  suum  pro  com- 
muni  vtilitate  regni  tarn  in  consilio  Regis  quam  in  vltimo  par¬ 
liament©  apud  Westmonasterium  tentis  factas  in  omnibus  et 
singulis  suis  articulis  in  comitatu  predicto  infra  libertates  et 
extra  custodiendas  et  custodiri  faciendas  et  ad  omnes  illos  quos 
contra  formam  earundem  inuenirent  in  aliquo  delinquentes 
castigandos  et  puniendos  prout  secundum  formam  earundem 
foret  faciendum,  et  ad  ordinandum,  superuidendum  et  facien¬ 
dum  quod  omnes  et  singuli  articuli  in  dictis  ordinacionibus  con¬ 
tend  in  comitatu  predicto  infra  libertates  et  extra  debite  exe- 
cucioni  demandarentur ;  et  quod  postmodum,  videlicet,  xx  die 
Iulii  proxime  sequente,  Willelmus  de  Wakebrugg  et  Henricus 
de  la  Pole  et  eorum  alter  associati  fuerunt  dicto  Iohanni  de 
Grey  et  sociis  suis  predictis  et  eorum  cuilibet  ad  premissa 
omnia  et  singula  in  eodem  comitatu  facienda  et  explenda  in 
forma  predicta ;  preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  dicti  comitatus 
quod  distringeret  predictos  Iohannem  de  Grey,  Hugonem  de 
Meynill  et  executores  testamenti  predicti  Nicholai  de  Lange¬ 
ford,  Willelmum  de  Skypwyth,  Iohannem  de  Moubray,  Rog¬ 
erum  Michel,  Iohannem  Cokayn,  Thomam  Adam,  Willelmum 
de  Wakebrugg  et  Henricum  de  la  Pole  per  terras  etc. ;  ita 
quod  haberet  corpora  eorum  hie  modo  in  crastino  Sancti 
Michaelis  ad  liberandum  hie  extractas  de  finibus,  exitibus, 
amerciamentis  et  excessubus  coram  eisdem  iusticiariis  Regi 
adiudicatis  in  sessionibus  per  ipsos  factis  pretextu  literarum 
predictarum. 


282  * 


APPENDIX 


Et  ad  predictum  crastinum  dictus  vicecomes  retornauit  breue 
quoad  predictum  Iohannem  de  Grey  et  executores  testamenti 
predicti  Nicholai  de  Langeford  et  mandauit  quod  predictus 
Iohannes  de  Grey  et  Alicia  que  fuit  vxor  predicti  Nicholai  et 
Nicholaus  de  Langeford,  iunior,  executores  testamenti  predicti 
Nicholai,  districti  sunt  et  exitus  etc.  Et  prefatus  Iohannes  de 
Grey  per  Iohannem  de  Wodehous  et  predicti  Alicia  et  Nicho¬ 
laus,  executores  etc.,  per  Iohannem  de  Edenesouere  attornatos 
suos  veniunt.  Et  idem  Iohannes  de  Grey  pro  se  dicit  quod 
dicte  litere  patentes  ad  manus  suas  nunquam  deuenerunt  nec 
ipse  de  aliqua  sessione  pretextu  literarum  illarum  in  dicto  comi- 
tatu  Derb’  se  intromisit,  nec  alique  extracte  penes  ipsum  rema¬ 
nent.  Et  hoc  pretendit  verificare  etc.  Et  predicti  Alicia  et 
Nicholaus,  executores  etc.,  dicunt  quod  dicte  litere  patentes 
nunquam  deuenerunt  ad  manus  predicti  Nicholai  nec  ipse  ali- 
quam  sessionem  fecit  aut  se  inde  in  aliquo  intromisit  nec  alique 
extracte  penes  ipsum  remanserunt.  Et  hoc  pretendunt  similiter 
verificare  etc.  Et  quoad  predictos  Hugonem  de  Menyl,  Willel- 
mum  de  Skypwyth,  Iohannem  Moubray,  Rogerum  Michel,  Io¬ 
hannem  Cokayn,  Thomam  Adam,  Willelmum  Wakebrugg  et 
Henricum  de  la  Pole,  vicecomes  non  retornauit  breue.  Set 
prefatus  Henricus  de  la  Pole,  inuentus  hie  in  curia  et  super 
premissis  allocutus,  recordatur  quod  ipse  intromisit  se  de  ses¬ 
sione  predicta  et  quod  nulle  extracte  inde  penes  ipsum  rema¬ 
nent,  set  quod  omnes  extracte  de  sessionibus  illis  remanent 
penes  predictum  Hugonem  de  Menyll.  Predictique  Willelmus 
de  Skypwyth,  Iohannes  de  Moubray,  Willelmus  de  Wakebrugg, 
inuenti  in  curia  et  super  premissis  allocuti,  recordantur  quod  in 
nullo  se  intromiserunt  se  sessione  predicte  iusticiarie  nec  alique 
extracte  inde  remanent  penes  ipsos  Willelmum,  Iohannem  et 
Willelmum.  Ideo  tarn  ipsi  Willelmus  de  Skypwyth,  Iohannes 
de  Moubray  et  Willelmus  de  Wakebrugg  quam  predictus  Hen¬ 
ricus  de  la  Pole  inde  ad  presens  sine  die.  Et  quoad  predictos 
Hugonem  de  Meynill,  Rogerum  Michel,  Iohannem  Cokayn  et 
Thomam  Adam,  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  Derb’  quod  distringat 
eos  per  terras  etc. ;  ita  etc.  in  octabis  Sancti  Hillarii  ad  liberan- 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


283  * 

dum  extractas  etc.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est  predictis  Iohanni  de 
Grey  de  Codenouere,  Alicie  et  Nicholao  de  Langford,  execu- 
toribus  etc.,  ad  faciendum  quod  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Iohannes  de  Grey  de  Codenore, 
Alicia  et  Nicholaus  de  Langeford,  executores  etc.,  veniunt  per 
dictos  attornatos  suos.1  Et  vicecomes  retornauit  quod  predicti 
Hugo  de  Meignill,  Rogerus  Michel,  Iohannes  Cokeyn  et 
Thomas  Adam  districti  sunt  et  exitus  etc.  Et  ipsi  non  veniunt. 
Ideo  sicut  alias,  ita  etc.  in  crastino  Clausi  Pasche.  Et  idem 
dies  datus  est  predictis  Iohanni  de  Grey,  Alicie  et  Nicholao  ad 
faciendum  quod  etc.  Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Iohannes  de  Grey 
de  Codenore,  Alicia  et  Nicholaus  de  Langeford,  executores  etc., 
veniunt  per  dictos  attornatos  suos.  Et  vicecomes  non  retor¬ 
nauit  breue  quoad  predictos  Hugonem  de  Meynill,  Rogerum 
Michel,  Iohannem  Cokayn  et  Thomam  Adam.  Set  predictus 
Hugo  de  Meignill  venit  per  Robertum  de  Sekyndon,  attornatum 
suum,  et  dicit  quod  qualitercumque  dictus  Henricus  de  la  Pole 
recordatus  fuerit  quod  nulle  extracte  de  sessione  iusticiarie  pre- 
dicte  facta  dictis  annis  xxvt0  et  xxvito  remanent  penes  ipsum 
Henricum  et  quod  omnes  extracte  ille  remanent  penes  eundem 
Hugonem  de  Meignill,  idem  tamen  Hugo  dicit  quod  nulle  ex¬ 
tracte  inde  remanent  penes  ipsum  Hugonem.  Set  quod  eedem 
extracte  de  predictis  annis  xxvt0  et  xxvit0  integre  remanserunt 
et  adhuc  remanent  penes  dictum  Henricum  de  la  Pole,  petens 
pro  Rege  quod  idem  Henricus  veniat  hie  ad  liberandum  ex¬ 
tractas  illas. 

Et  facto  scrutinio  super  liberacione  extractarum  de  huius- 
modi  finibus  operariorum  facta  per  iusticiarios  inde  in  dicto 
comitatu  Derb’  a  tempore  quo  primo  assignati  fuerunt  ad 
transgressiones  et  excessus  operariorum  puniendos,  videlicet,  a 
supradicto  xv°  die  Marcii  anno  xxvto  et  deinceps,  non  est  com- 
pertum  quod  alique  huiusmodi  extracte  liberantur  per  dictos 
iusticiarios  de  tempore,  videlicet,  inter  dictum  xv  diem  Marcii 
anno  xxvt0  et  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  xxviii0.  Comper- 
tum  est  tamen  in  rotulo  compotorum  de  taxacionibus,  in  com- 


^S.  suum. 


284* 


APPENDIX 


poto,  videlicet,  Iohannis  de  Greseley  et  sociorum  suorum  collec- 
torum  xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi  anno  xxvt0  concessarum  in 
dicto  comitatu  Derb’,  de  secundo,  videlicet,  anno  solucionis 
earundem,  quod  iidem  collectores  onerant  se  et  respondent  de 
lxi  li.  xiiii  s.  xi  d.  de  finibus  operariorum  etc.  quos  computant 
liberasse  diuersis  villatis  et  burgis  dicti  comitatus  in  subuen- 
cionem  xv  et  x  predictarum,  videlicet,  per  vii  rotulos  et  vnam 
cedulam  indentatos  eisdem  collectoribus  per  dictos  iusticiarios 
liberatos  et  continentes  ci  li.  xiiii  s.  xi  d.,  videlicet,  de  sessione 
dictorum  iusticiariorum  de  predictis  annis  xxvi  et  xxvii0 ;  de 
qua  liberacione  predictorum  lxi  li.  xiiii  s.  xi  d.  ipsi  collectores 
liberarunt  curie  ccxvi  indenturas  inter  ipsos  collectores  ex  parte 
vna  et  subcollectores  suos  ex  altera  confectas.  Residuum  vero 
dictorum  ci  li.  xiiii  s.  xi  d.  ipsi  collectores  computant  se  liber¬ 
asse  prefatis  Hugoni  de  Meynill,  Iohanni  Cokayn,  Willelmo  de 
Wakebrugg  et  Henrico  de  la  Pole,  iusticiariis,  pro  vadiis  suis 
sicut  continetur  in  compoto  ipsorum  collectorum  de  finibus  pre¬ 
dictis  etc.  per  ipsos  collectores  leuatis  per  vii  rotulos  et  vnam 
cedulam  indentatos  supradictos  eisdem  collectoribus  per  dictos 
iusticiarios  liberatos  de  sessione  sua  de  predictis  annis  xxvi  et 
xxvii0;  qui  quidem  compotus  residet  in  custodia  ingrossatoris 
hie  in  scaccario.  Set  non  inuenitur  penes  scaccarium  hie  quod 
dicti  iusticiarii  liberarunt  hie  iuxta  formam  statuti  etc.  aliquod 
Originale  de  predictis  finibus  continens  predictos  ci  li.  xiiii  s. 
xi  d.  de  eisdem  annis  xxvi0  et  xxvii0  neque  de  aliquibus  huius- 
modi  finibus  operariorum  de  supradicto  anno  xxvt0.  Ideo  pre- 
ceptum  est  vicecomiti  Derb’  quod  distringat  predictum  Henri- 
cum  de  la  Pole,  Rogerum  Michel,  Iohannem  Cokayn  et  Tho- 
mam  Adam  per  terras  etc.,  ita  etc.  in  crastino  Sancte  Trinitatis, 
ad  liberandum  extractas  de  predictis  annis  xxvt0,  xxvit0  et 
xxvii0.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est  prefatis  Iohanni  de  Grey,  Hu¬ 
goni  de  Meignill,  Alicie  et  Nicholao  de  Langeford  ad  facien¬ 
dum  et  recipiendum  inde  quod  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Iohannes  de  Grey,  Hugo  de  Meignill, 
Alicia  et  Nicholaus  de  Langeford  veniunt  per  dictos  attornatos 
suos  et  per  defaltam  predictorum  Henrici  de  la  Pole,  Rogeri 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


285  * 

Michel,  Iohannis  Cokayn  et  Thome  Adam  versus  quos  fit  exe- 
cucio  vt  prius,  adiornantur  vlterius  vsque  crastinum  Sancti 
Michaelis. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Iohannes  de  Grey,  Hugo,  Alicia  et 
Nicholaus  veniunt  per  dictos  attornatos  suos.  Et  vicecomes 
Derb’  retornauit  quod  predicti  Henricus  de  la  Pole,  Rogerus 
Michel,  Iohannes  Cokayn  et  Thomas  Adam  districti  sunt  et 
exitus  etc.  Et  ipsi  non  veniunt.  Ideo  distringantur  sicut  plu- 
ries,  ita  etc.  in  crastino  Sancti  Hillarii.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est 
prefatis  Iohanni  de  Grey,  Hugoni,  Alicie  et  Nicholao  ad  facien¬ 
dum  et  recipiendum  inde  quod  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Iohannes  de  Grey,  Hugo  de  Meignill, 
Alicia  et  Nicholaus  de  Langeford  veniunt  per  dictos  attornatos 
suos.  Et  predicti  Henricus  de  la  Pole  et  Rogerus  Michel  veni¬ 
unt  in  propriis  personis  suis.  Et  predicti  Iohannes  Cokayn  et 
Thomas  Adam  non  veniunt.  Et  predicti  Iohannes  de  Grey, 
Hugo  de  Meignill,  Alicia  et  Nicholaus  pro  se  ipsis  dicunt  vt 
prius.  Et  predicti  Henricus  de  la  Pole  et  Rogerus  Michel  pro 
se  ipsis  dicunt  quod  non  habent  penes  se  aliquas  extractas  de 
predictis  annis  xxv,  xxvi  et  xxvii°.  Dicunt  enim  quod  non 
fuerunt  alique  extracte  prouenientes  de  sessione  sua  dicte  ius- 
ticiarie  de  predicto  anno  xxvt0  et  quod  alie  partes  dictorum  vii 
rotulorum  et  vnius  cedule  indentatorum  de  extractis  de  predictis 
annis  xxvito  et  xxvii0  deuenerunt  in  custodiam  Iohannis  Beek, 
clerici  sui,  et  postmodum  casualiter  sunt  deperdite  vt  intelli- 
gunt.  Set  dicunt  sub  omni  periculo  quod  etc.  quod  dicte  partes 
vii  rotulorum  et  vnius  cedule  indentate  sic  deperdite  non  con- 
tinebant  maiorem  summam  denariorum  quam  predictos  ci  li. 
xiiii  s.  xi  d.  contentos  in  dictis  vii  rotulis  et  vna  cedula  inden- 
tatis  per  dictos  collectores  xve  et  xe  hie  ad  scaccarium  liberatis. 
Super  quo,  dictum  est  eisdem  Henrico  et  Rogero  quod  diligen- 
cius  scrutari  faciant  dictas  vii  partes  rotulorum  et  cedule  in¬ 
dentatorum,  ita  quod  eas  habeant  hie  a  die  Pasche  in  unum 
mensem  liberandas  etc.  et  quod  tunc  sint  hie  ad  audiendum  et 
recipiendum  quod  etc.  quoad  extractas  de  predicto  anno  xxvt0. 
Et  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  distringat  predictos  Iohan- 


286  * 


APPENDIX 


nem  Cokayn  et  Thomam  Adam  per  terras  etc.  ita  etc.  ad  dic¬ 
tum  mensem.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est  predictis  Iohanni  de  Grey, 
Hugoni,  Alicie  et  Nicholao  ad  recipiendum  quod  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Iohannes  de  Grey,  Hugo,  Alicia  et 
Nicholaus  veniunt  per  dictos  attornatos  suos.  Et  vicecomes 
retornauit  breue  et  mandauit  quod  predicti  Iohannes  Cokayn  et 
Thomas  Adam  districti  sunt  et  exitus  etc.  Et  idem  Iohannes 
Cokayn  venit  in  propria  persona  sua  et  cognoscit  quod  ipse  in- 
tromisit  de  quibusdam  sessionibus,  set  dicit  quod  nulle  extracte 
penes  ipsum  remanent  nec  alique  extracte  ad  manus  ipsius 
lohannis  vnquam  deuenerunt,  et  quia  idem  Iohannes  assignatus 
fuit  iusticiarius  et  premissa  recordatur,  dictum  est  ei  quod  eat 
ad  presens  inde  sine  die,  salua  accione  Regis  si  alias  etc.  Et 
prefatus  Thomas  Adam  non  venit.  Ideo  distringatur  ita  etc. 
in  crastino  Sancte  Trinitatis  sicut  continetur  in  ligea  breuium 
de  termino  Pasche  anno  xxxiii0.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est  pre- 
fatis  Iohanni  de  Grey,  Hugoni,  Alicie,  Nicholao  et  Henrico  de 
la  Pole  et  Rogero  ad  recipiendum  super  premissis  quod  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  dicti  Iohannes  de  Grey,  Hugo,  Alicia  et 
Nicholaus  et  Rogerus  Michel  veniunt  per  dictos  attornatos  suos. 
Et  prefatus  Henricus  de  la  Pole  venit  similiter  in  propria  per¬ 
sona  sua.  Et  vicecomes  non  retornauit  breue  quoad  prefatum 
Thomam  Adam.  Ideo  sicut  pluries,  ita  in  crastino  Sancti 
Michaelis.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est  prefatis  Iohanni  de  Grey, 
Hugoni,  Alicie  et  Nicholao  et  Rogero  et  Henrico  ad  recipiendum 
inde  quod  etc.  Ad  quern  diem  predictus  Henricus  de  la  Pote 
in  propria  persona  sua  et  predicti  Iohannes  de  Grey,  Hugo, 
Alicia  et  Nicholaus,  Rogerus  et  Henricus  veniunt  similiter  per 
dictos  attornatos  suos.  Et  idem  Henricus  de  la  Pole  liberauit 
hie  Originate  dictorum  finium  operariorum  de  predictis  annis 
xxvto,  xxvit0  et  xxvii0  continens  viii  rotulos;  qui  examinati 
cum  dictis  vii  rotulis  et  dicta  cedula  indentatis  concordant  in 
nominibus  et  summis  particularibus  necnon  predicta  summa 
totali  predictorum  ci  li.  xiiii  s.  xi  d. ;  per  quos  quidem  rotulos 
et  cedulam  dicti  collectores  xve  in  comitatu  Derb’  computarunt 
et  onerantur,  responderuntqtie  et  satisfecerunt  de  eisdem  ci  li. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  287  * 

xiiii  s.  xi  d.,  sicut  continetur  in  rotulo  compotorum  de  taxa- 
cionibus.  Ideo  non  fiat  execucio  per  dictum  Originale  iam 
liberatum  hie  per  dictum  Henricum  de  la  Pole ;  set  idem  Orig¬ 
inale  consignetur  cum  litera  D  nominatim  prout  dicti  rotuli  in- 
dentati  et  cedula  consignantur  et  remaneat  in  custodia  clerici 
extractarum  custodiendum  prout  etc.  Et  dictum  est  tarn  eis- 
dem  Henrico  quam  dictis  Iohanni  de  Grey,  Hugoni,  Alicie, 
Nicholao  et  Rogero  quod  inde  eant  sine  die,  nec  fiat  vlterior 
execucio  versus  prefatum  Thomam  Adam  inde. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  120. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis  anno 
xxix  Regis  Edwardi  tercii. 

Adhuc  Presentaciones,  Attornamenta,  Dies  Dati  et  Re- 
spectus;  rot.  7  d. 

Bed’  Willelmus  Mordaunt,  Robertus  Diper  et  Simon  de 
De  die  Loryng,  collectores  tercii  anni  solucionis  xve  et  xe  tri- 
dato.  ennalium  Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxv  concessarum  in  comi- 
tatu  Bed’,  qui  presentes  hie  admiserunt  diem  essendi 
hie  in  crastino  Purificacionis  beate  Marie  proxime 
futuro  ad  computandum  de  tercio  anno  predicto,  sicut 
continetur  inter  Dies  Datos  de  hoc  termino  ex  parte 
alterius  rememoratoris,  allocuti  sunt  per  barones  super 
leuacione  finium,  excessuum,  exituum  et  amerciamen- 
torum  operariorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  etc.,  [et] 
dicunt  quod  nichil  inde  leuauerunt  eo  quod  nullas  ex- 
tractas  inde  receperunt,  petentes  quod  demandetur  Gal- 
frido  de  Lucy  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  ad  transgres- 
siones  huiusmodi  operariorum  etc.  pro  deliberacione 
extractarum  etc.  Ideo  mandatum  est  eisdem  iusticia¬ 
riis  per  breue,  cuius  data  est  secundo  die  Nouembris 
hoc  termino,  quod  omnes  extractas  penes  ipsos  iusticia- 
rios  adhuc  remanentes  de  huiusmodi  finibus  etc.  liber- 
ent  predictis  collectoribus  per  indenturam  etc.  et  partem 
indenture  illius  habeant  hie  ad  dictum  crastinum  Puri- 


288  * 


APPENDIX 


ficacionis  liberandam  vt  per  eandem  partem  dicti  col¬ 
lectors  onerentur  super  compotum  prout  etc.  Quod 
quidem  breue  liberatin'  dictis  collectoribus  iiiit0  die 
Nouembris  hoc  termino  deferendum  etc.  Et  iniunctum 
est  eisdem  collectoribus  quod  sequantur  cum  ea  celeri- 
tate  qua  etc.  penes  dictos  iusticiarios  pro  dictis  extractis 
habendis  et  quod  habitis  extractis  illis  leuari  faciant 
omnes  denarios  contentos  in  eisdem,  eosdemque  dena- 
rios  fideliter  distribuant  inter  pauperes  villatas  dicti 
comitatus  et  quod  sint  hie  ad  dictum  crastinum  Purifi- 
cacionis  ad  computandum  inde  prout  etc.  quern  diem 
inde  admiserunt  sub  periculo  quod  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  collectors  venerunt.  Et  pre- 
dictus  Galfridus  de  Lucy,  iusticiarius,  venit  et  liberauit 
hie  x  rotulos  indentatos  de  huiusmodi  finibus  operari- 
orum,  continentes  lxxiii  li.  iiii  s.  viii  d. ;  quorum  rotu- 
lorum  alteram  partem  indentatam  recordatur  idem  ius¬ 
ticiarius  se  liberasse  prefatis  collectoribus  circiter  festum 
Sancte  Trinitatis  anno  xxviii0;  super  quo  dicti  collec¬ 
tors  allocuti  cognoscunt  quod  re ceperunt  alteram  partem 
indenture  predicte  et  se  leuasse  pro  maiori  parte  predic- 
tos  lxxiii  li.  iiii  s.  viii  d.  et  eos  distribuerunt  inter  pau¬ 
peres  villatas  dicti  comitatus  iuxta  formam  statuti  etc. 
ante  festum,  videlicet,  Sancti  Michaelis  proxime  pre- 
teritum  quod  dictus  iusticiarius  est  testatus.  Et  quia  in 
statuto  edito  super  punicione  huiusmodi  operariorum 
inter  cetera  continetur  quod  si  dicti  fines,  redempeiones, 
amerciamenta  et  excessus  operariorum  non  soluantur 
in  auxilium  xve  predicte  et  cessante  xva  ilia  id  quod 
tunc  restat  leuandum  de  huiusmodi  finibus  etc.  leuetur 
ad  opus  Regis  et  inde  respondeatur  Regi  per  vicecomi- 
tem  comitatus  in  quo  leuandum  fuerit,  iniunctum  est 
prefatis  collectoribus  quod  id  quod  restat  leuandum  de 
predictis  lxxiii  li.  iiii  s.  viii  d.  leuari  faciant  indilate  et 
inde  respondeant  Regi  super  compotum  suum  de  finibus 
predictis ;  ad  quern  compotum  Regi  reddendum  datus 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  289  * 

est  dies  dictis  collectoribus  hie  a  die  Pasche  in  xv  dies 
quem  diem  inde  admiserunt  sub  periculo  quod  etc.  Ad 
quem  diem  predicti  Willelmus,  Robertus  et  Simon 
venerunt  et  prestiterunt  de  fideliter  computando  etc. 
Postea  percomputarunt ;  qui  quidem  compotus  liberatur 
ingrossatori  custodiendus  xxvto  die  Aprilis  hoc  termino. 

>  •• 

(  '  I  I 

3.  Extracts  from  Memoranda  Rolls.  ( Cf .  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  1,  B,  b.) 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  119. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis  anno 
xxviii0  Regis  Edwardi  tercii;  adhuc  Recorda,  rot.  28. 

Suht’  De  collectoribus  xve  et  xe  commissis  prisone  pro 
transgressionibus. 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  Suht’  quod  distringeret 
Iohannem  Botiller,  Iohannem  Wodelok,  Stephanum  de 
Welewyk,  Iohannem  Sely  de  Andeure,  Iohannem  de 
Kyngeston  et  Willelmum  de  Ryngeburn,  collector es 
secundi  anni  solucionis  xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi  a 
laicis  anno  xxvt0  concessarum  in  comitatu  predicto, 
per  terras  et  catalla  sua  etc.,  ita  quod  haberet  corpora 
eorum  hie  modo  a  die  Sancti  Martini  in  xv  dies  ad 
reddendum  Regi  compotum  de  finibus,  exitibus,  amer- 
ciamentis  et  excessubus  operariorum,  seruiencium  et 
artificum  per  ipsos  collectores  leuatis  per  extractas  eis 
liberatas  per  iusticiarios  ad  transgressiones  et  excessus 
huiusmodi  operariorum,  seruiencium  et  artificum  puni- 
endos  assignatos  in  comitatu  predicto,  pretextu,  vide¬ 
licet,  cuiusdam  commissionis  de  magno  sigillo  dictis 
collectoribus  inde  facte,  cuius  tenor  annotatur  in  quo- 
dam  rotulo  extracto  de  rotulis  Cancellarie  de  anno 
xxvii0  et  liberato  hie,  qui  adhuc  remanet  in  custodia 
rememoratoris  Regis.  Et  ad  dictam  quindenam  Sancti 
Martini  predictus  vicecomes  non  retornat  breue.  Set 
omnes  dicti  collectores  veniunt,  videlicet,  predicti  Io- 
hannes  Botiller,  Iohannes  Wodelok,  Stephanus  de 


APPENDIX 


Welewyk  et  Iohannes  Sely  in  propriis  personis  suis  et 
predicti  Iohannes  de  Kyngeston  et  Willelmus  de  Rynge- 
burn  per  Iohannem  de  Holt,  attornatum  suum,  et  dicunt 
quod  in  premissis  computare  non  debent.  Dicunt  enim 
quod  predicti  iusticiarii  nondum  liberarunt  eis  aliquas 
extractas  pro  huiusmodi  finibus,  exitibus,  amercia- 
mentis  et  excessubus  leuandis  nec  ipsi  collectores  vel 
eorum  aliquis  quicquam  inde  leuauerunt  aut  se  inde 
aliqualiter  intromiserunt.  Set  quia  suspicato  quod  pre¬ 
dicti  collectores  receperunt  extractas  predictas  et  eas 
concellarunt  etc.,  ipsi  collectores  de  precepto  curie  iurati 
et  postmodum  diligencius  examinati  super  recepcione 
earundem  extractarum,  predictus  Iohannes  Botiller 
cognouit  quod  ipse  recepit  ex  liberacione  Willelmi 
Coumfold,  clerici  dictorum  iusticiariorum,  quandam 
extractam  continentem  circiter  xl  li.  et  quod  dicti  socii 
sui,  videlicet,  Iohannes  Wodelok,  Stephanus  et  Iohan¬ 
nes  Sely  inde  bonam  habent  noticiam,  quod  ipsi  Iohan¬ 
nes,  Stephanus  et  Iohannes  Sely  non  dedicunt  asse- 
rentes  omnes  ipsi  iiiior  collectores  se  quicquam  inde 
nondum  leuasse  nec  predictos  Iohannem  de  Kyngeston 
et  Willelmum  de  Ryngbourn  qui  intromiserunt  se  de 
colleccione  xve  et  xe  predictarum  in  Insula  Vecta  in 
nullo  sciuisse  vel  se  intromisisse  de  leuacione  finium, 
exituum,  amerciamentorum  et  excessuum  predictorum, 
eo  quod  predicti  iusticiarii  nullam  fecerunt  sessionem 
in  insula  predicta.  Et  vnde  Ricardus  de  Byrton  qui  est 
vnus  dictorum  iusticiariorum  per  commissionem  Regis 
irrotulatam  in  Originalibus  de  predicto  anno  xxvto  et 
predictus  Willelmus  Coumfeld,  clericus  ipsius  iusticiarii, 
et  Willelmi  de  Fifhyde,  alterius  dictorum  iusticia¬ 
riorum,  presentes  hie  in  curia  et  super  premissis  allo- 
cuti  dicunt  precise  quod  nullam  fecerunt  sessionem  in 
dicta  Insula  Vecta  et  quod  idem  Willelmus  Fifhyde 
per  manus  dicti  clerici  liberauit  dictis  collectoribus  ex¬ 
tractas  de  sessione  sua  quas  tunc  habuerunt  arraiatas. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  291  * 

set  de  summa  denariorum  contentorum  in  eisdem 
dicunt  quod  non  constat  eis  ad  presens. 

Et  habita  deliberacione  super  responso  ipsorum  col- 
lectorum  quia  ipsi  collectores  primo  responderunt  quod 
nullas  extractas  receperunt  et  postmodum  iurati  tam  per 
cognicionem  suam  quam  per  testimonium  dictorum  ius- 
ticiariorum  et  clerici  conuicti  sunt  quod  receperunt  ex¬ 
tractas  predictas  sicque  variarunt  in  eisdem  responsis  et 
cognicionibus  suis  in  illusionem  et  decepcionem  curie  ac 
retardacionem  solucionis  finium  etc.  predictorum,  nec- 
non  depauperacionem  communitatis  dicti  comitatus, 
consideratum  est  quod  ipsi  collectores  adeant  prisonam. 
Flete  1  Et  committuntur  prisone  de  Flete,  predictique  Iohannes 
de  Kyngeston  et  Willelmus  de  Ryngeburn  inde  eant  sine 
die.  Postea  predicti  iiiior  collectores  fecerunt  fines  cum 
Finis  Rege  pro  transgressionibus  predictis,  videlicet,  predicti 
xxx  s.  Iohannes  Wodelok,  Stephanus  et  Iohannes  Sely  per 
in  ex-  xxx  s.,  quilibet,  videlicet,  eorum  per  x  s.,  et  predictus 
tractis.  Iohannes  Botiller  per  dimidiam  marcam  et  eo  minus 
quam  dicti  socii  sui  eo  quod  primo  cognouit  recep- 
Finis  cionem  extractarum  contra  voluntatem  dictorum  soci- 
dimidia  orum  suorum  vt  apparuit  per  examinacionem  predic- 
marca  tam.  Et  datus  est  dies  eisdem  iiiior  collectoribus  hie  a 
in  ex-  die  Sancti  Hillarii  in  xv  dies  ad  computandum  de  fin- 
tractis.  ibus,  exitibus,  amerciamentis  et  excessubus  predictis 
per  dictas  extractas  per  eos  iam  receptas  et  interim  re- 
cipiendas  et  ad  soluendum  Regi  predictos  xxxvi  s. 
viii  d.  Et  iniunctum  est  prefato  iusticiario,  manda- 
tumque  est  per  breue  tam  eidem  iusticiario  quam  dicto 
Willelmo  de  Fifhyde  alteri  dictorum  iusticiariorum 
quod  omnes  extractas  penes  eos  adhuc  remanentes  de 
sessionibus  suis  predictis  nondum  dictis  collectoribus 
liberatas,  liberent  eisdem  iiiior  collectoribus  indilate  per 
indenturam  etc.  vt  ipsi  collectores  fines  etc.  leuare  et 
inde  respondere  valeant  ad  dictam  quindenam  iuxta 


1  Crossed  through  in  MS. 


292 


APPENDIX 


formam  concessionis  Regis  et  statuti  inde  editi  etc.  et 
quod  ipsi  iusticiarii  habeant  vel  mittant  hie  ad  dictam 
quindenam  alteras  partes  indenture  etc.,  vt  dicti  collec- 
tores  onerari  valeant  per  easdem,  prout  etc. 

Quia  eciam  tam  predictus  Ricardus  de  Byrton,  iustici- 
arius  quam  predictus  Willelmus  de  Coumfold,  clericus 
iusticiariorum,  testati  sunt  quod  predictus  Willelmus  de 
Fifhyde,  vnus  dictorum  iusticiariorum,  liberauit  collec- 
toribus  primi  anni  solucionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum  di- 
uersas  extractas  de  predictis  sessionibus  suis  continentes 
magnam  pecunie  summam  leuandam  in  exoneracionem 
dicte  communitatis  et  quod  ipsi  collectores  leuauerunt 
plures  denarios  inde,  et  penes  se  detinent  nondum  dis¬ 
tributes  inter  pauperes  villatas  dicti  comitatus  iuxta 
formam  statuti  predicti,  visus  est  compotus  ipsorum 
collectorum  primi  anni  et  compertum  est  in  eodem  quod 
ipsi  collectores  non  responderunt  de  aliquibus  denariis 
prouenientibus  de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 
operariorum  in  comitatu  predicto  eo  quod  iusticiarii 
Regis  ibidem  nullas  extractas  eisdem  collectoribus  inde 
liberarunt,  nec  iidem  collectores  inde  quicquam  leua¬ 
uerunt  vt  tunc  asserebant  per  sacramentum  suum.  Et 
sic  apparet  concelamentum  etc.  Ideo  concordatum  est 
quod  ipsi  collectores  primi  anni,  videlicet,  Rogerus 
Gerueys,  Ricardus  de  Harnhull  et  Willelmus  Helioun 
veniant  etc.  Et  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  Suhf  quod 
distringat  eos  per  terras  etc. ;  ita  etc.  ad  dictam  quin¬ 
denam  Sancti  Hillarii  ad  computandum  etc.  et  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  etc.  Et  mandatum  est  dictis  iusticiariis 
quod  habeant  vel  mittant  hie  ad  eandem  quindenam 
partes  indenturarum  de  extractis  eisdem  collectoribus 
primi  anni  sic  liberatis  vt  onerari  valeant  per  easdem 
partes  indenturarum  prout  etc.  et  quod  certificent  hie 
quo  die  dictas  extractas  eis  liberarunt.  Postea  predicti 
collectores  secundi  anni  adiornantur  vlterius  vsque  a 
die  Sancte  Trinitatis  in  xv  dies  ad  computandum  etc., 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  293  * 

quem  diem  habent  ad  computandum  de  xva  sicut  con- 
tinetur  ex  parte  alterius  rememoratoris.  Et  quoad 
predictos  collectores  primi  anni  fit  execucio  vt  prius, 
sicut  continetur  in  ligea  breuium  de  termino  .Pasche 
hoc  anno,  ita  etc.  ad  dictam  quindenam. 

Ad  quem  diem  predicti  collectores  secundi  anni  vene- 
runt  et  computarunt  de  extractis  predictis  per  quem 
compotum  nichil  debetur  Regi  sicut  continetur  in 
eodem  compoto  qui  liberatur  ad  ingrossandum  xxviii0 
die  Iunii,  hoc  anno.  Ideo,  quoad  ipsos  non  fiat  vlterius 
execucio,  set  quoad  collectores  primi  anni  fit  execucio 
vt  prius. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  119. 

Adhuc  Breuia  retornabilia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis 
anno  xxviii0  Regis  Edwardi  tercii. 

Cant’  Rex  dilectis  et  fidelibus  suis  Willelmo  de  Lauenham 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  ad  transgressiones  et  excessus 
operariorum,  seruiencium  et  artificum  in  comitatu 
Cant'  puniendos  assignatis,  salutern.  Cum  Iohannes  de 
Schardelowe,  Iohannes  de  Ellesworth  et  Iohannes 
Cheyni,  nuper  collectores  primi  anni  solucionis  xve  et 
xe  triennalium  nobis  a  laicis  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie 
xxvto  concessarum  in  comitatu  predicto,  computauerint 
ad  scaccarium  nostrum  de  primo  anno  solucionis  xve  et 
xe  predictarum  et  super  eundem  compotum  non  re- 
sponderint  de  aliqua  pecunie  summa  per  eos  leuata  de 
finibus,  exitibus,  amerciamentis  et  excessubus  opera- 
riorum,  seruiencium  et  artificum  predictorum,  eo  quod 
nullas  extractas  inde  a  vobis  receperint  pro  leuacione 
prout  tunc  asserebant;  ac  iam  acceperimus  quod  licet 
vos  quasdam  extractas  diuersos  fines,  exitus,  amercia- 
menta  et  excessus  vsque  ad  non  modicam  pecunie 
summam  continentes  prefatis  collectoribus  iuxta  for- 
mam  statuti  inde  editi  a  diu  est  liberaueritis  ipsique 
collectores  fines,  exitus,  amerciamenta  et  excessus  illos 


APPENDIX 


plene  leuauerint,  iidem  tamen  collectores  denarios  illos 
per  eos  sic  leuatos  sibi  ipsis  appropriantes  et  in  vsibus 
suis  propriis  conuertentes  eos  in  dicto  compoto  suo 
concelarunt  et  nobis  inde  in  alleuiacionem  et  exonera- 
cionem  communitatis  1  dicti  comitatus  iuxta  formam 
concessionis  nostre  inde  et  statuti  predicti  nobis  respon- 
dere  recusarunt  in  curie  nostre  illusionem  et  dicte  com¬ 
munitatis  depauperacionem  manifestam. 

Super  quo  nobis  est  supplicatum  vt  festinum  reme¬ 
dium  in  hac  parte  apponi  iubere  velimus.  Nos  tantam 
transgressionem  si  taliter  fuerit  perpetrata  pertransire 
nolentes  impunitam,  vobis  mandamus  firmiter  iniungen- 
tes  quod  si  aliquas  huiusmodi  extractas  prefatis  collector- 
ibus  liberaueritis  tunc  de  numero  rotulorum  et  summis 
particularibus  in  eisdem  rotulis  contentis  ac  nominibus 
summas  illas  singulatim  debentibus,  necnon  de  die  et 
anno  quibus  extracte  ille  per  vos  dictis  collectoribus 
liberate  fuerunt,  thesaurario  et  baronibus  de  scaccario 
predicto  apud  Westmonasterium  citra  crastinum  Sancti 
Nicholai  proxime  futurum  vel  tunc  ad  vltimum,  dis- 
tincte  et  aperte  certificetis,  vt  habita  huiusmodi  certifi- 
cacione  vestra  vlterius  tarn  pro  commodo  dicte  com¬ 
munitatis  comitatus  quam  pro  punicione  dictorum  col- 
lectorum  fieri  valeamus  quod  fuerit  racionis.  Et  si 
forte  aliquas  huiusmodi  extractas  prefatis  collectoribus 
non  liberaueritis,  tunc  omnes  extractas  finium,  exituum, 
amerciamentorum  et  excessuum  huiusmodi  coram  vobis 
in  sessionibus  vestris  in  exoneracionem  dicte  communi¬ 
tatis  nobis  adiudicatorum  collectoribus  tercii  anni  solu- 
cionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum  per  indenturam  inde  iuxta 
formam  dicti  statuti  conficiendam  liberetis  et  alteras 
partes  indenturarum  illarum  penes  vos  remansuras  post 
confeccionem  earundem  mittatis  ad  dictum  scaccarium 
nostrum  statim  post  liberacionem  inde  predictam,  vt 
per  easdem  partes  indenturarum  dicti  collectores  tercii 


1MS.  communitatus. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


295  * 

anni  super  compotum  suum  de  eodem  tercio  anno  in 
exoneracionem  dicte  communitatis  onerari  valeant  vt 
est  moris.  Et  quid  inde  feceritis  prefatis  thesaurario 
et  baronibus  ad  dictum  crastinum  Sancti  Nicholai  dis- 
tincte  et  aperte  reddatis  cerciores,  hoc  breue  tunc  ibidem 
remittentes. 

Teste  G.  de  Wilford,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxii 
die  Nouembris. 

Per  rotulum  compotorum  de  taxacionibus  quoad 
nomina  predictorum  collectorum  et  non  responsum  ali- 
cuius  summe  de  finibus,  exitibus,  amerciamentis  et  ex- 
cessubus  operariorum,  et  per  Originalia  de  predicto 
anno  xxvt0  quoad  statutum  et  nomina  iusticiariorum, 
et  per  barones  quoad  alia  in  breui. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  119. 

Adhuc  Status  et  visus  compotorum  de  termino  Sancti 
Hillarii  anno  xxviii;  rot.  10. 

Cant’  Audito  compoto  Iohannis  de  Ellesworth  et  Iohannis 
Cheyny,  collectorum  xve  et  xe  triennalium  in  comitatu 
•Cant’  de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  seruientum, 
operariorum  et  aliorum  artificum  in  comitatu  predicto 
per  ipsos  leuatis  per  extractas  coram  Willelmo  de 
Lauenham  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  ad  inquirendum 
de  huiusmodi  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  ser¬ 
uientum,  operariorum  et  aliorum  artificum  assignatis 
anno  xxvito  prefatis  collectoribus  per  prefatos  iusticia- 
rios  liberatas  et  de  episcopo  Eliensi  per  indenturam 
predictis  collectoribus  liberatas  per  manus  Ricardi  de 
Midelton,  persone  ecclesie  de  Litlebury,  pro  se,  Iohan¬ 
nis  de  Conygdon,  attornati  Iohannis  de  Shardelowe, 
alterius  collectoris  xve  et  xe  predictarum  in  comitatu 
predicto,  videlicet,  de  predictis  finibus,  exitibus  et 
amerciamentis  sic  leuatis  et  receptis  per  indenturam 
predictam  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis,  anno  xxvito 
vsque  idem  festum  anno  xxvii0,  habent  superplusa- 
gium  xvii  d. 


APPENDIX 


296  * 

Et  quia  annotatur  in  rotulo  compotorum  de  taxa- 
cionibus  in  compoto,  videlicet,  dictorum  collectorum 
primi  anni  solucionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum,  quod  in¬ 
fra  summam  ipsorum  collectorum  de  eisdem  xve  et  xe 
continentur  cccvii  li.  xi  s.  vi  d.  de  finibus,  exitibus  et 
amerciamentis  seruientum  et  operariorum  vnde  dicti 
collectores  liberarunt  hie  quendam  rotulum  de  partic- 
ulis  qui  remanet  in  quadam  baga  in  custodia  huius 
rememoratoris ;  in  quo  rotulo  inseritur  quod  predicti 
collectores  distribuerunt  predictos  cccvii  li.  xi  s.  vi  d. 
particulariter  inter  villatas  dicti  comitatus,  quarum 
villatarum  nomina  et  summe  inde  singulis  ipsarum 
villatarum  distribute  et  allocate  plenius  annotantur  in 
eodem  rotulo ;  et  suspicatur  quod  eedem  distribucio  et 
allocacio  rite  non  fuerint  modo  quo  dicti  collectores 
inde  computarunt;  concordatum  est  quod  inquiratur 
inde  et  quod  Iohannes  de  Blockeleye  et  Robertus  de 
Charwelton  assignentur  ad  dictam  inquisicionem  cap- 
Trans-  iendam.  Et  fit  eis  inde  commissio,  mandatumque  est 
scriptum  eis  quod  inquirant  ita  quod  inquisicionem  inde  habeant 
est  inter  hie  a  die  Pasche  in  xv  dies.  Et  transscriptum  dicti 
billas  rotuli  mittitur  sub  pede  sigilli  huius  scaccarii  prefatis 
de  hoc  Iohanni  et  Roberto  pro  informacione  etc.  Et  precep- 
termino.  turn  est  vicecomiti  quod  ad  certos  dies  et  loca  quos  etc. 

venire  faciat  coram  eis  xxiiii  tales  tarn  milites  quam 
alios  probos  etc.  de  singulis  villatis  predictis  qui  etc. 
et  quod  premuniri  faciat  predictos  collectores  quod 
capcionibus  dictarum  inquisicionum  intersint  si  etc. 
Et  quia  per  extractas  predictorum  iusticiariorum  per 
quas  dicti  collectores  computarunt,  vt  predictum  est, 
lxxi  li.  xvii  s.  viii  d.  ob.  de  huiusmodi  finibus  etc. 
adhuc  restant  leuandi  in  comitatu  predicto  sicut  con- 
tinetur  in  eisdem  extractis  que  remanent  in  custodia 
huius  rememoratoris  inter  particulas  compotorum  dic¬ 
torum  collectorum  et  de  finibus  predictis,  nomina  eos- 
dem  lxxi  li.  xvii  s.  viii  d.  ob.  debencium  et  singulos 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


297  * 

eorum  contingentes  extrahuntur  de  extractis  predictis 
per  modum  summonicionis  innovate  et  mittuntur  sub 
sigillo  huius  scaccarii  collectoribus  tercii  anni  solu- 
cionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum,  cum  quodam  breui  huius 
scaccarii  per  quod  mandatum  est  eisdem  collectoribus 
quod  predictos  Ixxi  li.  xvii  s.  viii  d.  ob.  leuari  et  dis- 
tribui  faciant  inter  pauperes  villatas  dicti  comitatus  in 
auxilium  solucionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum,  iuxta  for- 
mam  statuti  etc.,  ita  quod  inde  respondeant  hie  super 
compotum  suum,  sicut  continetur  alibi  in  hiis  Memo- 
randis  inter  Breuia  retornabilia  de  hoc  termino.1 

Postea,  videlicet,  ad  dictam  quindenam  Pasche  pre¬ 
dict  Iohannes  de  Blockeleye  et  Robertus  de  Cherwal- 
ton  non  retornauerunt  hie  dictam  commissionem.  Ideo 
mandatum  est  eis  sicut  alias,  ita  etc.  a  die  Sancti 
Michaelis  in  xv  dies. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Iohannes  de  Blocleye  et 
Robertus  de  Cherwalton  non  retornauerunt  dictam 
commissionem.  Ideo  mandatum  est  eis  sicut  pluries, 
ita  etc.  a  die  Sancti  Hillarii  in  xv  dies.  Ante  quern 
diem,  videlicet,  xx°  die  Nouembris  anno  xxix  Regis 
nunc  incipiente,  predicti  collectores  tercii  anni  solu¬ 
cionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum,  videlicet,  Iohannes  de 
Ellesworth,  Iohannes  de  Cheyny  et  Iohannes  de 
Lyouns  veniunt,  et  quesito  ab  eis  si  receperint  extrac- 
tas  continentes  predictos  lxxi  li.  xvii  s.  viii  d.  ob., 
dicunt  quod  non.  Super  quo,  Gilbertus  Bernard,  vnus 
dictorum  iusticiariorum  in  comitatu  predicto,  restituit 
hie  summonicionem  predictam  ob  certum  defectum 
contentum  in  eadem.2  Et  eadem  summonicio  liber  - 
atur  prefatis  collectoribus  tercii  anni  et  iniunctum  est 

1  Cf.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,28,  Hill.,  Breu.  Ret.;  Cant’.  A  writ  to  the  col¬ 
lectors  of  the  third  year,  signed  by  de  Wilford,  3  March,  referring  to 
Visus  compotorum,  Hill.,  28th  year,  sends  them  the  names  of  the  delin¬ 
quents  who  owed  lxviii  li.  xv  s.  vii  d.  ob. 

2  Perhaps  the  discrepancy  in  the  amount;  cf.  note  1,  supra. 


APPENDIX 


298  * 

eis  quod  predictos  lxxi  li.  xvii  s.  viii  d.  leuari  et  dis- 
tribui  faciant  in  forma  predicta,  ita  quod  inde  re- 
spondeant  hie  super  compotum  suum  proximum  ad 
scaccarium  de  xva  et  xa  predictis  in  exoneracionem 
communitatis  comitatus  predicti,  videlicet,  in  octabis 
Sancti  Hillarii  quem  diem  inde  admiserunt  sub  periculo 
quod  etc.  Et  quia  dicti  collectores  dicunt  quod  pre- 
fati  iusticiarii  adhuc  habent  penes  se  diuersas  extrac- 
tas  finium  etc.  nondum  eisdem  collectoribus  liberatas, 
petentes  deliberacionem  inde  sibi  fieri,  mandatum  est 
prefatis  iusticiariis  per  breue  huius  scaccarii  cuius 
data  est  xx  die  Nouembris  supradicto,  quod  omnes 
huiusmodi  extractas  penes  ipsos  iusticiarios  adhuc  re- 
manentes  prefatis  collectoribus  tercii  anni  per  inden- 
turam  liberent  indilate  et  quod  partem  indenture  illius 
penes  se  remansuram  habeant  hie  ad  dictas  octabas 
liberandam ;  quod  quidem  breue  liberatur  prefatis  col¬ 
lectoribus  tercii  anni  deferendum  sicut  continetur  in 
Memorandis  de  anno  xxix°  inter  Visus  compotorum 
de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis  1  vbi  fit  execucio  vlterius 
inde,  necnon  de  predicta  summonicione  continente 
lxxi  li.  xvii  s.  viii  d.  Set  postea,  videlicet,  ad  dictam 
quindenam  Sancti  Hillarii  predicti  Iohannes  de  Block- 
eleye  et  Robertus  de  Cherwalton  non  retornauerunt 
hie  dictam  commissionem.  Ideo  mandatum  est  eis 
sicut  alias ;  ita  etc.  a  die  Pasche  in  xv  dies.  Ad  quem 
diem  predicti  Iohannes  de  Blockele  et  Robertus  de 
Charwalton  non  retornauerunt  dictam  commissionem. 
Ideo  sicut  pluries  ...... 

1  Rot.  9  d,  Cant’:  .  .  Et  iniunctum  est  eisdem  collectoribus  quod 

tam  predictos  lxxi  li.  xvii  s.  viii  d.  ob.  .  .  .  quam  denarios  contentos 
in  extractis  per  ipsos  collectores  sic  recipiendis  leuari  et  fideliter  distribui 
faciant  inter  pauperes  villatas  dicti  comitatus  iuxta  formam  statuti  etc., 
ita  quod  inde  respondeant  hie  ad  dictas  octabas  Sancti  Hillarii  .  .  .  .” 
The  collectors  of  the  third  year  finally  account  for  all  their  arrears  at  a 
date  not  long  after  Hilary,  29th  year. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


299* 

(For  nine  successive  terms  similar  writs  are  issued 
without  result.) 

•  ••••••• 

rot.  10  d.  Adhuc  de  processu  tangente  collectores  xv  et  x 
triennalium  concessarum  anno  xxvto. 

Cant’  Postea  quia  predictus  Johannes  de  Blockeleye 

moratur  in  obsequio  Philippe  Regine  Anglie  et  vacare 
Trans-  non  potest  capcioni  inquisicionum  predictarum,  con- 
scriptum  cordatum  est  quod  Almaricus  de  Shirlond  assignetur 
commis-  loco  dicti  Iohannis  ad  dictas  inquisiciones  simul  cum 
sionis  Roberto  de  Charwelton  capiendas.  Et  fit  eis  inde 
est  inter  commissio,  mandatumque  est  eis  quod  inquiratur  ita 
billas  de  quod  inquisiciones  habeant  in  octabis  Sancti  Mich- 
termino  aelis,  videlicet,  anno  xxxii0  finiente. 

Trinita-  Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Robertus  et  Almaricus  non 
tis  anno  retornauerunt  commissionem  predictam ;  ideo  man- 
xxxii.  datum  est  eis  sicut  alias,  ita  etc.  in  octabis  Sancti 
Michaelis  anno  xxxiii0  finiente. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Robertus  et  Almaricus 
non  certificarunt.  Ideo  mandatum  sit  eis  sicut  plu- 
ries,  ita  etc.  a  die  Pasche  in  xv  dies.  Ad  quern  diem 
predicti  Robertus  et  Almaricus  non  retornauerunt 
commissionem  predictam.  Ideo  mandatum  est  eis 
sicut  alias,  ita  etc.  in  octabis  Sancti  Michaelis  anno 
xxxiiiit0  finiente. 

Et  continuato  processu  isto  vsque  a  die  Pasche  in 
xv  dies  anno  xxxvii0  Regis  nunc,  quo  die  predicti 
Almaricus  et  Robertus  non  certificarunt.  Set  com- 
perto  in  quodam  statuto  facto  ad  quindenam  Sancti 
Michaelis  anno  xxxvit0 1  Regis  nunc  quod  irrotu- 
latur  in  Memorandis  de  dicto  anno  xxxvii0  inter  Re- 
corda  de  termino  Sancti  Hillarii  quod  idem  Rex  per 
assensum  magnatum  et  tocius  communitatis 2  An¬ 
glie  ordinauit  et  concessit  quod  omnes  denarii  de 


1  Statutes,  36  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  14. 


2  MS.  communitatus. 


APPENDIX 


300  * 

finibus,  amerciamentis  et  aliis  proficuis  laborariorum 
de  predictis  tribus  annis  tam  leuatis  quam  leuandis 
sint  leuati  ad  opus  communitatis  comitatus  predicti 
et  distributi  inter  eanaem  communitatem,  et  quod 
collectores  eorundem  comitatuum  non  compellantur 
ad  computandum  coram  baronibus  de  scaccario  de 
recepcione  denariorum  predictorum ;  ideo  reuocetur 
commissio  predicta  et  non  fiat  vlterius  execucio  in 
premissis. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  122. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Pasche  anno  xxximo  Regis 
Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum.  Adhuc  Recorda;  rot.  6. 

Buk’  De  collectoribus  xve  et  xe  triennalium  concessarum 
anno  xxvto  commissis  prisone  pro  concelamento. 

Memorandum  quod  cum  Galfridus  de  Lucy,  vnus 
iusticiariorum  ad  transgressiones  et  excessus  opera- 
riorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  in  comitatu  Buk’  puni- 
endos  iuxta  formam  statuti  inde  editi  assignatorum, 
alias,  videlicet,  xxvt0  die  Ianuarii  anno  xxviii0  Regis 
nunc,  liberauerit  hie  xii  rotulos  indentatos  de  finibus, 
excessubus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  huiusmodi  opera- 
riorum  etc.  coram  ipso  Galfrido  et  sociis  suis  iusticia- 
riis  adiudicatis  et  recordatus  fuerit  quod  liberauit  con- 
traindenturas  inde  Thome  de  Reynes,  Iohanni  de  la 
Penne,  Hugoni  de  Kynebell  et  Iohanni  de  Bergh,  col¬ 
lectoribus  xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxvt0 
in  dicto  comitatu  Buk’  concessarum,  de  tercio,  videlicet, 
anno  solucionis  earundem,  pro  dictis  finibus,  excessu¬ 
bus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  inibi  contends  leuandis  in 
exoneracionem  communitatis  pauperum  villatarum  dicti 
comitatus  de  solucione  xve  et  xe  predictarum;  qui  qui- 
dem  fines,  excessus,  exitus  et  amerciamenta  ad  cviii  li. 
vi  d.  particulariter  se  extendunt  sicut  continetur  in  xii 
rotulis  predictis  et  in  indorsamento  eorundem,  qui  sunt 
in  custodia  huius  rememoratoris,  factum  est  scrutinium 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  301  * 

super  responsione  dictorum  collectorum  de  finibus,  ex- 
cessubus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  predictis  et  com- 
pertum  est  quod  dicti  collectores  termino  Sancti  Hillarii 
anno  xxix°  computarunt  ad  scaccarium  hie  de  xva  et  xa 
predictis  de  dicto  tercio  anno  solucionis  earundem  sicut 
continetur  in  Memorandis  de  eodem  anno  xxix0  inter 
Visus  compotorum  de  eodem  termino.  Compertum  est 
eciam  in  rotulo  compotorum  de  taxacionibus,  in  com- 
poto,  videlicet,  dictorum  collectorum  de  predicto  tercio 
anno  quod  ipsi  collectores  non  respondent  in  eodem 
compoto  de  aliquibus  finibus  operariorum  etc.  ob  cau- 
sam  annotatam  in  rotulo  de  particulis  eiusdem  compoti. 
Quibus  quidem  particulis  residentibus  in  custodia  re- 
memoratoris  Regis  inspectis,  inuentum  est  annotari  in 
eisdem  quod  dicti  collectores  non  onerant  se  infra 
summas  dictarum  xve  et  xe  de  aliquibus  denariis  pro- 
uenientibus  de  finibus,  exitibus  seu  amerciamentis  ser- 
uientum,  operariorum  vel  artificum  in  dicto  comitatu 
Buk’  eo  quod  iusticiarii  ad  hoc  assignati  sessionem 
suam  adtunc  non  fecerunt  in  eodem  comitatu  super 
ordinacione  et  auisamento  inter  eos  et  alios  de  com- 
munitate  eiusdem  comitatus  ad  distribuendum  particu- 
lariter  per  villatas  comitatus  et  burgorum  tocius  comi¬ 
tatus  predicti  iuxta  formam,  vim  et  effectum  statuti 
inde  editi  in  auxilium  xve  et  xe  predictarum,  vt  ipsi 
collectores  tunc  per  sacramentum  suum  asseruerunt. 
Et  sic  per  scrutinium  predictum  euidenter  apparet  quod 
predicti  collectores  falso  respondent  super  compotum 
predictum  contra  debitum  sacramenti  sui  et  in  decep- 
cionem  curie  maxime  cum  dictus  iusticiarius  recordatus 
fuerit,  vt  est  dictum,  quod  liberauit  dictis  collectoribus 
rotulos  predictos  diu,  videlicet,  per  vnum  annum  ante 
reddicionem  compoti  predicti,  infra  quod  tempus  dictam 
distribucionem  fecisse  potuerunt  si  voluissent ;  per 
quod  pro  eo  quod  dicti  collectores  pluries  districti  et 
manucapti  et  per  huiusmodi  districcionem  et  manucap- 


302 


APPENDIX 


* 


cionem  iusticiari  non  curauerant  ad  computandum  de 
predictis  finibus  et  ad  respondendum  de  falsa  respon- 
sione  predicta  set  compotum  et  responsionem  inde 
diffugierunt  in  contemptum  Regis  etc.,  preceptum  fuit 
vicecomiti  dicti  comitatus  quod  attacheret  ipsos  collec¬ 
tor  es  per  corpora  etc.,  ita  quod  eos  haberet  hie  modo 
a  die  Pasche  in  xv  dies  ad  audiendum  iudicium  suum 
de  contemptu  predicto,  necnon  ad  computandum  de 
predictis  finibus  etc. 

Et  ad  diem  ilium  predicti  quatuor  collectores  veniunt 
et  allocuti  per  barones  super  premissis  non  dedicunt 
quin  receperunt  de  prefato  iusticiario  dictos  rotulos  de 
finibus  etc.  continentes  cviii  li.  vi  d.  in  forma  per  dic¬ 
tum  iusticiarium  superius  recordata,  nec  quicquam 
allegarunt  in  excusacionem  sui  de  falsa  responsione 
predicta.  Ideo  ipsi  quatuor  collectores  pro  eadem  falsa 
Flete  responsione  committuntur  prisone  de  Flete,  moraturi 
etc.  Postea  inuenerunt  manucaptores,  videlicet,  Gal- 
fridum  de  Lucy,  Iohannem  de  Olneye,  Willelmum  de 
Sudbury,  Radulfum  Pettesho,  omnes  de  comitatu  Buk’, 
et  Thomam  de  Sayton  de  comitatu  Norht’,  qui  presen- 
tes  manuceperunt  habere  corpora  predictorum  quatuor 
collectorum  hie  de  die  in  diem  et  termino  in  terminum 
quousque  computauerint  de  finibus  predictis  et  fecerint 
finem  cum  Rege  pro  falsa  responsione  predicta,  necnon 
satisfecerint  de  arreragio  eiusdem  compoti  et  fine  pre¬ 
dicto,  alioquin  ipsi  manucaptores  onerentur  versus 
Regem  de  compoti  arreragio  et  fine  predictis.  Et  pre- 
textu  manucapcionis  illius,  dicti  iiiior  collectores  de- 
liberantur  a  prisona. 

Postea  datus  est  dies  dictis  quatuor  collectoribus  hie 
in  octabis  Sancte  Trinitatis  ad  computandum  et  finem 
faciendum,  necnon  ad  satisfaciendum  de  arreragio  dicti 
compoti  et  de  fine  predicto  per  manucapcionem  predic- 
tam.  Ad  quern  diem  predicti  iiiior  collectores  venerunt 
et  computarunt  de  finibus  predictis  per  quern  compotum 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  303  * 

onerant  se  de  lx  li.  receptis  de  huiusmodi  finibus  per 
dictas,  videlicet,  extractas  continentes  cviii  li.  vi  d.  De 
residuo  vero  denariorum  illorum,  videlicet,  lxxvi  li.  v  d.< 
non  responderunt  eo  quod  nichil  inde  leuauerunt  nec 
leuasse  potuerunt  propter  breuitatem  temporis,  vt  di- 
cunt  per  sacramentum  suum  et  sicut  continetur  in  dicto 
compoto  qui  remanet  penes  ingrossatorem ;  per  quod 
concordatum  est  quod  extracte  per  quas  dicti  collec- 
tores  reddiderunt  dictum  compotum  liberentur  Wil- 
lelmo  de  Wellum,  custodi  extractarum  hie  in  scaccario 
pro  noua  summonicione  facienda  de  predictis  lxxvi  li. 
v  d.  leuandis  ad  opus  Regis.  Et  super  hoc  extracte 
predicte  liberantur  dicto  Willelmo  de  Wellum  in  forma 
predicta  quinto  die  lulii  hoc  anno.  Et  quoad  predictas 
lx  li.  iidem  collectores  computarunt  se  liberasse  Gal- 
frido  de  Lucy  et  Thome  de  Tochewyk,  iusticiariis  etc., 
xl  li.  pro  feodis  suis  per  duo  breuia  Regis  et  duas 
acquietancias  ipsorum  iusticiariorum  separatim  de  re- 
cepcione;  post  quam  liberacionem  dicti  collectores  de¬ 
bent  xx  li.  quas  quidem  xx  li.  dicunt  per  sacramentum 
suum  de  assensu  communitatis  villatarum  dicti  comi- 
tatus  quibus  eas  distribuisse  debuerant  soluisse  Gerardo 
de  Braibrok,  Galfrido  de  Lucy,  Alano  Carbonel,  Io- 
hanni  de  Hameden  et  Ricardo  de  Arches  nomine  re- 
gardi  pro  laboribus  et  expensis  ipsorum  Gerardi  et 
sociorum  suorum  factis  circa  expedicionem  negociorum 
ipsarum  villatarum,  sub  tali,  videlicet,  condicione  quod 
si  contingeret  ipsos  collectores  impetiri  ad  sectam  Regis 
vel  aliorum  racione  predictarum  xx  li.,  quod  ipsi  Gerar¬ 
dus  et  socii  sui  responderent  inde  pro  ipsis  collectoribus 
et  in  exoneracionem  eorum. 

Vnde  quesitum  est  a  dictis  collectoribus  quibus  die 
et  anno  communitas  dictarum  villatarum  concessit  et 
assentiuit  quod  solucio  fieret  dictis  Gerardo  et  sociis 
suis  de  predictis  xx  li.  et  quibus  die  et  anno 
eedem  xx  li.  solute  fuerunt  eisdem  Gerardo  et  sociis 


APPENDIX 


304  * 

suis  per  ipsos  collectores,  dicunt  quod  dicta  com- 
munitas  villatarum  concessit  et  assensum  prebuit  anno 
xxvii0  Regis  nunc  quod  solucio  sic  fieret  et  quod 
solucio  ilia  facta  fuit  postmodum,  videlicet,  secundo  die 
Ianuarii  anno  xxviii0  Regis  nunc.  Super  quo,  dicti 
Gerardus  et  Iohannes  de  Hameden  presentes  hie  coram 
baronibus  et  super  premissis  allocuti  cognoscunt  se  vna 
cum  predictis  Galfrido  de  Lucy,  Alano  Carbonel  et 
Ricardo  de  Arches  recepisse  de  prefatis  iiiior  collector- 
ibus  predictas  xx  li.  dicto  secundo  die  Ianuarii  anno 
xxviii0,  modo  qug  ipsi  collectores  allegarunt,  asserentes 
ipsi  Gerardus  et  Iohannes  habere  in  partibus  suis  fac¬ 
tum  ipsarum  villatarum  de  concessione  facta  eisdem 
Gerardo  et  Iohanni  ac  predictis  Galfrido,  Alano  et  Ri¬ 
cardo  de  eisdem  xx  li.  Et  habita  deliberacione  inde, 
quia  predicti  fines  et  excessus  operariorum  etc.  concessi 
fuerunt  communitati  dicti  comitatus  in  auxilium  solu- 
cionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum  currentibus  ipsis  xva  et  xa 
et  terminus  1  solucionis  ipsarum  xve  et  xe  finiebatur  et 
cessabat  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  proximum  ante 
dictum  secundum  diem  Ianuarii  anno  xxviii0,  sicut  con- 
tinetur  in  rotulo  de  taxacionibus  et  in  Memorandis  de 
anno  xxvito  inter  Recorda  de  termino  Sancte  Trinitatis 
ex  parte  rememoratoris  Regis  et  dicti  collectores  nichil 
ostendunt  per  quod  liquere  potest  curie  dictas  villatas 
recepisse  de  ipsis  collectoribus  predictas  xx  li.,  ita  quod 
eedem  villate  nichil  aliud  habuerunt  inde  tempore  dicte 
concessionis  per  ipsas  villatas  inde  facte  nisi  accionem 
petendi  fines  et  excessus  predictos,  accioque  aliena  alicui 
dari  vel  vendi  non  potest,  consideratum  est  quod  pre¬ 
dicti  collectores  exonerentur  versus  Regem  de  predictis 
xx  li.  et  quod  predicti  Gerardus  et  Iohannes  de  Hame- 
xx  li.  den  pro  se  et  dictis  sociis  suis  de  eisdem  xx  li.  one- 
In  ex-  rentur  pretextu  cognicionis  sue  predicte  et  aliorum  pre- 
tractis.  missorum  quatenus  sufficientes  fuerint  ad  solucionem 


1  MS.  terminis. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


305  * 

etc. ;  alioquin  dicti  collectores  respondent  vna  etc.  Et 
Finis  pro  dicta  falsa  responsione  dicti  collectores  fecerunt 
xl  s.  finem  cum  Rege  per  xl  s.  Ad  quos  soluendos  datus  est 
In  ex-  eis  dies  in  crastino  Sancti  Michaelis.  Et  preceptum 
tractis.  est  vicecomiti  Buk’  quod  de  terris  et  catallis  predic- 
torum  Gerardi  et  Iohannis  de  Hameden  fieri  faciat,  ita 
etc.  in  crastino  Sancti  Michaelis. 

Ante  quem  diem,  videlicet,  x  die  Iulii  hoc  anno,  pre- 
dictus  Galfridus  de  Lucy,  inuentus  hie  in  curia  et  super 
recepcione  predictarum  xx  li.  de  finibus  operariorum 
etc.  allocutus,  cognoscit  se  vna  cum  prefatis  Gerardo, 
Iohanne  de  Hameden,  Alano  Carbonel  et  Ricardo  de 
Arches  recepisse  de  prefatis  collectoribus  predictas  xx 
li.  supradicto  secundo  die  Ianuarii  anno  xxviii0  modo 
quo  dicti  Gerardus  et  Iohannes  de  Hameden  superius 
cognouerunt.  Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  idem  Gal¬ 
fridus  oneretur  versus  Regem  simul  cum  eisdem  Ger¬ 
ardo  et  Iohanne  de  Hameden  de  eisdem  xx  li.,  pretextu 
cognicionis  ipsius  Galfridi  supradicte.  Et  preceptum 
est  vicecomiti  Buk’  quod  fieri  faciat  easdem  xx  li.  tarn 
de  eodem  Galfrido  quam  de  predictis  Gerardo  et  Io¬ 
hanne,  ita  etc.  ad  dictum  crastinum  Sancti  Michaelis. 

(Cf.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  32,  Mich.,  Status  et  visus  com- 
potorum;  rot.  4;  Bedf.  and  Bucks. 

Facto  visu  compoti  Iohannis  de  Hampden,  vice- 
comitis,  de  vltimo  dimidio  anno  xxxi0  oneratur  per 
curiam  de  .  .  .  et  debet  xx  li.  de  precio  catallorum 
Gerardi  de  Braybrok,  Iohannis  de  Hameden  et  Galfridi 
de  Lucy  per  ipsum  vicecomitem  captorum  in  manum 
Regis  pro  tot  denariis  quos  ipsi  Gerardus,  Iohannes  et 
Galfridus  receperunt  de  Thoma  de  Reynes  et  sociis 
suis  .  .  .  ,1 

^he  sheriff  was  therefore  levying  a  portion  of  this  money  on  him¬ 
self;  cf .  pt.  1,  ch.  i,  s.  7. 


APPENDIX 


306  * 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  122. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Sancte  Trinitatis  anno 
xxxi0  Regis  Edwardi  tercii.  Adhuc  Recorda,  rot.  5. 

Ebor  Westrithyng.  De  Iohanne  de  Rotherfeld  et 
Willelmo  de  Beston  collectoribus  tercii  anni  solucionis 
xve  et  xe  commissis  prisone  pro  falso  compoto. 

Iohannes  de  Bukyngham,  nuper  thesaurarius  garde — 
robe  Regis,  alias,  videlicet,  xv  die  Marcii  anno  xxx° 
Regis  nunc,  liberauit  thesaurario  et  baronibus  hie  quan- 
dam  billam  quam  dicit  porrectam  fuisse  domino  Regi, 
et  ipsum  Regem  per  manus  suas  proprias  earn  sibi 
liberasse  deferendam  ad  scaccarium  hie  precepisseque 
execucionem  fieri  super  contends  in  eadem  billa  que 
est  inter  billas  et  peticiones  de  termino  Sancti  Hillarii 
dicto  anno  xxx°.  Et  in  qua  billa  inter  cetera  continetur 
quod  Ricardus  de  Goldesburgh,  Iohannes  de  Rother¬ 
feld  et  Willelmus  de  Beston  qui  fuerunt  collectores  xve 
et  xe  triennalium  Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxvt0  concessarum 
in  partibus  de  Westrithyng  in  comitatu  Ebor’,  vide¬ 
licet,  de  tercio  anno  solucionis  earundem,  integre  re- 
ceperunt  excessus  operariorum  in  partibus  illis  et  inde 
computarunt  ad  scaccarium  quod  soluerunt  villatis  par- 
cium  illarum  excessus  illos  in  auxilium  solucionis  xv® 
et  xe  predictarum  vbi  nullum  denarium  inde  eis  sol¬ 
uerunt,  prout  apporcionacio  inde  facta  fuit  per  iusticia- 
rios  etc.  et  sic  excessus  ille  adhuc  remanet  in  manibus 
ipsorum  collectorum  dictis  villatis  inde  nondum  satis- 
facto. 

Pretextu  cuius  bille  factum  est  scrutinium  etc.  et 
compertum  est  in  rotulo  compotorum  de  taxacionibus, 
in  compoto,  videlicet,  Ricardi  de  Goldesburgh,  lohannis 
de  Rotherfeld  et  Willelmi  de  Beston  nuper  collectorum 
xve  et  xe  predictarum  de  tercio,  videlicet,  anno  solucio¬ 
nis  earundem,  quod  ipsi  collectores  onerarunt  se  et  re- 
sponderunt  infra  summas  oneris  sui  de  eisdem  xva  et  xa 
de  xlv  li.  xvii  s.  xi  d.  qa.  de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amer- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


30  7  * 

ciamentis  et  excessubus  operariorum,  seruientum  et 
artificum  etc. 

Compertum  est  eciam  in  Memorandis  de  anno  xxix0 
Regis  nunc  inter  Visus  compotorum  de  termino  Sancti 
Hillarii  quod  dicti  tres  collectores  venerunt  hie  ad  quin- 
denam  Pasche  eodem  anno  xxix°  et  computarunt  de 
predictis  finibus  operariorum  etc. ;  qui  quidem  com- 
potus  remanet  in  custodia  huius  rememoratoris  inter 
particulas  dicti  compoti  et  in  quo  compoto  continetur 

XX 

quod  ipsi  collectores  onerarunt  se  de  iiii  iiii  li.  iiii  s. 
vii  d.  qa.  receptis  de  huiusmodi  finibus  etc.  et  quod  inde 
computarunt  se  soluisse  Willelmo  de  Fyncheden,  Wil- 
lelmo  de  Mirifeld  et  Iohanni  de  Northland,  iusticiariis 
ad  excessus  dictorum  operariorum  etc.  puniendos  assig- 
natis,  xxxviii  li.  viii  d.  proporcionaliter  pro  feodis  suis 
et  quod  residui  xlv  li.  xvii  s.  xi  d.  qa.  distribuuntur 
inter  villatas  et  hameletta  de  Westrithyng  per  visum 
dictorum  iusticiariorum  per  ipsos  collectores  et  per  xii 
probos  homines  de  comitatu  predicto  iuratos,  in  auxil- 
ium  dictarum  xv  et  x  vbi  maius  necesse  erat;  de  qua 
distribucione  ipsi  collectores  non  ostenderunt  acquietan- 
cias  siue  indenturas  villatarum  vel  hamelettorum. 

Quibus  compertis,  quia  per  naturam  compoti  quelibet 
solucio  denariorum  fieri  debet  de  iure  per  acquietancias 
vel  per  indenturas  super  huiusmodi  compotis  liberandas 
et  allocandas,  et  dicta  solucio  siue  distribucio  de  pre¬ 
dictis  xlv  li.  xvii  s.  xi  d.  qa.  fit  sine  huiusmodi  acqui- 
etanciis  vel  indenturis,  vt  apparet  per  premissa,  suspi- 
catur  quod  dicti  collectores  non  soluerunt  dictis  villatis 
et  hamelettis  eosdem  xlv  li.  xvii  s.  xi  d.  qa.,  modo  quo 
computarunt  etc.,  per  quod  et  pro  eo  quod  dicti  duo 
collectores,  videlicet,  Iohannes  de  Rotherfeld  et  Wil- 
lelmus  de  Beston  pluries  districti  et  manucapti  veniendi 
hie  ad  plures  dies  preteritos  ad  recitandum  compotum 
suum  de  finibus  predictis  etc.  et  per  huiusmodi  distric- 


APPENDIX 


cionem  et  manucapcionem  se  iusticiari  non  curauerant, 
preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  dicti  comitatus  quod  attach- 
iaret  ipsos  Iohannem  et  Willelmum  per  corpora  eorum 
etc.,  ita  quod  eos  haberet  hie  modo  in  crastino  Sancti 
Iohannis  Baptiste  ad  audiendum  iudicium  etc.  et  ad 
recitandum  dictum  compotum  etc.,  et  quod  interim 
caperet  in  manum  Regis  terras  et  catalla  ipsorum 
duorum  collectorum  nomine  districcionis.  Pro  eo  eciam 
qupd  dictus  vicecomes  alias  retornauerat  quod  predictus 
Ricardus  de  Goldesburgh  nichil  habet  etc.,  preceptum 
fuit  vicecomiti  quod  caperet  ipsum  Ricardum,  ita  etc., 
ad  dictum  crastinum  ad  recitandum  dictum  compotum, 
vna  etc. 

Et  ad  diem  ilium  vicecomes  retornauit  quod  predicti 
tres  collectores  non  sunt  inuenti  etc.  et  quod  cepit  in 
manum  Regis  terras  et  catalla  ipsorum  Iohannis  et 
Willelmi  quorum  terrarum  et  catallorum  valor  patet  in 
eodem  returno;  et  iidem  Johannes  et  Willelmus  vene- 
runt  et  predictus  Ricardus  non  venit  et  dicti  Iohannes 
et  Willelmus  super  premissis  allocuti  dicunt  quod  de 
predictis  xlv  li.  xvii  s.  xi  d.  qa.  distribuerunt  per 
superuisum  dictorum  iusticiariorum  diuersis  villatis  de 
Westrithyng  lxxi  s.  tan  turn ;  de  qua  distribucione  dicunt 
se  non  cepisse  aliquas  acquietancias  vel  indenturas  de 
villatis  quibus  distribucio  ilia  fiebat  preterquam  de  xv  s. 
tantum,  vnde  ostendunt  tres  indenturas  que  sunt  inter 
billas  de  hoc  termino,  set  dicunt  sub  periculo  quod 
etc.  quod  iidem  lxxi  s.  fideliter  distribuuntur  iuxta 
formam  ordinacionis  predicte  absque  eo  quod  iidem 
lxxi  s.,  vel  aliqua  pars  inde,  remanent  penes  ipsos 
Iohannem  et  Willelmum  vel  eorum  alterum,  et  hoc 
pretendunt  verificare. 

Dicunt  eciam  quod  xxii  li.  xvii  s.  ii  d.  de  summa  pre¬ 
dicta  adhuc  remanent  penes  dictum  Ricardum  de 
Goldesburgh  nondum  distributi  absque  eo  quod  iidem 
xxii  li.  xvii  s.  ii  d.  vel  quicquam  inde  aliqualiter  deuenit 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


309* 

ad  manus  ipsorum  Iohannis  et  Willelmi  vel  alterius 
eorum.  Cognoscunt  vlterius  ipsi  Iohannes  et  Willel- 
mus  quod  adhuc  habent  in  custodia  sua  residuum  dicte 
maioris  summe,  videlicet,  xix  li.  ix  s.  ix  d.  qa.  nondum 
distributes  iuxta  ordinacionem  predictam.  Vnde  sub- 
mittunt  se  gracie  Regis,  asserentes  se  habere  in  promtu 
eosdem  xix  li.  ix  s.  ix  d.  qa.  soluendos  domino  Regi 
vel  alibi  iuxta  ordinacionem  curie. 

Quibus  visis  et  intellects,  quia  dicti  Iohannes  et  Wil- 
lelmus  tempore  quo  admissi  fuerunt  ad  dictum  com- 
potum  reddendum  prestiterunt  sacramentum  de  fideliter 
computando  et  de  petendo  nullam  allocacionem  nisi 
bonam  et  veram  in  premissis  ipsique  Iohannes  et  Wil- 
lelmus  simul  cum  dicto  Ricardo  de  Goldesburgh  peci- 
erunt  et  admiserunt  super  eundem  compotum  alloca¬ 
cionem  de  predictis  xlv  li.  xvii  s.  xi  d.  qa.  integris  quos 
asserebant  se  tunc  distribuisse  quamquam  nisi  lxxi  s. 
inde  distribuissent  prout  iam  cognoscunt,  retinendo 
penes  se  residuum,  videlicet,  xlii  li.  vi  s.  xi  d.  qa.  non 
distributes,  contra  debitum  sacramenti  sui  et  in  depau- 
peracionem  villatarum  predictarum  ac  contra  formam 
statuti  inde  et  in  decepcionem  curie  etc. ;  consideratum 
est  quod  iidem  Iohannes  et  Willelmus  pro  falsitate  pre- 
Flete  1  dicta  adeant  prisonam  et  quod  dictus  Ricardus  capiatur, 
tamque  idem  Ricardus  quam  dicti  Iohannes  et  Willel- 
xlii  li.  mus  onerentur  versus  Regem  de  predictis  xlii  li.  vi  s. 
vi  s.  xi  d.  qa.  pretextu  premissorum.  Et  super  hoc  predicti 
xi  d.  qa.  Iohannes  et  Willelmus  committuntur  prisone  de  Flete, 
moraturi  quousque  etc. 

Et  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  capiat  dictum  Ri- 
cardum  de  Goldesburgh,  ita  etc.  in  crastino  Sancti 
Michaelis. 

Ante  quern  diem,  videlicet,  xxviii0  die  Iunii  hoc  ter- 
mino,  venerunt  hie  coram  baronibus  Elyas  de  Byrton, 
Iohannes  de  Drouefeld,  Willelmus  de  Fincheden  et 


Crossed  through  in  MS. 


APPENDIX 


310  * 

Thomas  de  Podeseye,  omnes  de  predicto  comitatu  Ebor’ 
et  manuceperunt,  quilibet  videlicet  eorum,  corpus  pro 
corpore  habere  corpora  predictorum  Iohannis  de 
Rotherfeld  et  Willelmi  de  Beston  coram  baronibus  hie 
de  die  in  diem  durante  hoc  termino  Sancte  Trinitatis 
ad  satisfaciendum  Regi  de  predictis  xlii  li.  vi  s.  xi  d.  qa. 
et  ad  faciendum  finem  cum  Rege  pro  falsitate  predicta 
ac  ad  recipiendum  1  quod  curia  consideret  de  predictis 
lxxi  s.  Et  pretextu  manucapcionis  predicte,  dicti  duo 
collectores  interim  deliberantur  a  prisona  predicta. 

Postea  dicti  collectores  soluerunt  predictos  xlii  li. 
vi  s.  xi  d.2  per  duas  tallias  leuatas  xxvii  die  Iunii  hoc 
anno  quas  ostenderunt.  Et  postmodum,  videlicet,  primo 
die  Iulii  hoc  termino,  predicti  Iohannes  de  Rotherfeld 
et  Willelmus  de  Beston  fecerunt  finem  cum  Rege  pro 
transgressione  predicta  per  xx  li.,  salua  eis  accione 
versus  dictum  Ricardum  inde  si  que  etc.  et  eo  minus 
quia  dicti  xlii  li.  vi  s.  xi  d.  qa.  tempore  quo  ipsi  collec¬ 
tores  eos  leuauerant  et  receperant  non  pertinuerunt  ad 
Regem,  set  ad  villatas  dictarum  parcium  de  West- 
rithyng  quibus  concessi  erant  per  Regem  in  auxilium 
solucionis  xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi  a  laicis  conces- 
sarum  anno  xxvt0  concurrentibus  eisdem  xva  et  xa; 
que  quidem  villate  habent  accionem  in  euentu  petendi  a 
dictis  collectoribus  dampna  sua  pro  detencione  denar- 
iorum  illorum  hucusque,  et  qui  quidem  denarii  pro  eo 
quod  dicte  xva  et  xa  adiu  est  cessabant  et  solucio  inde 
tempore  debito  facta  non  fuerat,  pertinent  ad  Regem, 
sicut  continetur  in  statuto  inde  edito  dicto  anno  xxvt0.3 

Et  datus  est  dies  predictis  Iohanni  de  Rotherfeld  et 
Willelmo  de  Beston  hie  die  Martis  proximo  post  octa- 
bas  Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste  per  manucapcionem  pre¬ 
dictorum  Willelmi  de  Fyncheden  et  Elie  de  Birton,  qui 
presentes  manuceperunt  habere  corpora  ipsorum  Iohan- 

1  MS.  ac  receperint.  3  MS.  omits  the  farthing  this  time. 

1  App.,  16. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  3H  * 

nis  et  Willelmi  vnacum  predictis  xx  li.  hie  ad  dictum 
diem  Martis,  alioquin  ipsi  manucaptores  onerentur 
siinul  cum  ipsis  collectoribus  de  eisdem  xx  li.  Et 
quoad  predictos  lxxi  s.  de  finibus  etc.  quos  dicti  collec- 
tores  dicunt  se  distribuisse  et  vnde  iidem  collectores 
liberarunt  curie  tres  partes  indenturarum  continentes 
xv  s.  tantum,  sicut  supra  continetur,  receptos  de  ipsis 
collectoribus,  videlicet,  per  villatam  de  Shelf  vi  s.  vi  d., 
villatam  de  Wodestun  xl  d.  et  villatam  de  Queldale  v  s. 
de  finibus  predictis,  asserentes  ipsi  collectores  se  dis¬ 
tribuisse  et  liberasse  residuos  lvi  s.  villatis  sequentibus 
particulariter,  videlicet,  villate  de  Beston  iiii  s.,  villate 
de  Brightlynton  v  s.,  villate  de  Podeseye  v  s.,  villate 
de  Hundesworth  iiii  s.,  villate  de  Rauclif  x  s.,  villate 
de  Batelaye  iiii  s.,  villate  de  Morleye  x  s.,  villate  de 
Sutton  x  s.  et  villate  de  Birton  iiii  s. ;  datus  est  dies 
eisdem  Iohanni  de  Rotherfeld  et  Willelmo  de  Beston 
hie  a  die  Sancti  Michaelis  in  xv  dies  ad  ostendendum 
indenturas  ipsarum  villatarum  testificantes  quod  recep- 
erunt  de  eisdem  collectoribus  particulariter  predictos 
lvi  s.  per  manucapcionem  Elie  de  Birton,  Iohannis  de 
Holand,  Thome  de  Podeseye  et  Hugonis  de  Wombewell 
de  comitatu  Ebor’;  qui  presentes  manuceperunt  pro 
predictis  duobus  collectoribus  quod  ipsi  liberabunt  hie 
ad  dictam  quindenam  acquietancias  siue  indenturas  vil¬ 
latarum  predictarum  de  predictis  lvi  s.,  alioquin  ipsi 
manucaptores  teneantur  Regi  simul  cum  dictis  duobus 
collectoribus  in  eisdem  lvi  s.  tunc  Regi  soluendis.  Et 
quoad  predictas  xx  li.  predicti  collectores  venerunt  hie 
ad  dictum  diem  Martis  proximum  post  octabas  Sancti 
Iohannis  Baptiste  et  non  soluerunt  easdem  xx  li. ;  set 
eadem  summa  assignatur  Nicholao  Maryns  et  tallia 
inde  leuatur  sub  nominibus  ipsorum  collectorum  quinto 
die  Iulii  hoc  anno,  quam  talliam  dictus  Nicholaus  osten- 
dit  et  de  cuius  assensu  datus  est  dies  dictis  collectoribus 
hie  in  festo  Natiuitatis  beate  Marie  ad  soluendum  eidem 


312 


APPENDIX 


* 


Nicholao  predictas  xx  li.  quem  diem  dicti  collectores 
admiserunt  sub  periculo  quod  etc.  et  per  manucap- 
cionem  predictorum  Willelmi  de  Fyncheden  et  Elie  de 
Birton. 

Postea  predicti  collectores  soluerunt  predictas  xx  li. 
et  'inde  Hugo  de  Appleby  dictam  talliam  ex  parte  dic- 
torum  collectorum  ostendit.  Et  ad  dictam  quindenam 
Sancti  Michaelis  predicti  Iohannes  de  Rotherfeld  et 
Willelmus  de  Beston,  collectores,  venerunt  et  liberarunt 
curie  hie  ix  acquietancias  continentes  lvi  s.  et  dicunt 
per  sacramentum  suum  se  bene  et  fideliter  distribuisse 
et  liberasse  eosdem  ivi  s.  particulariter  villatis  in  dictis 
acquietanciis  contentis  prout  eedem  acquietancie  testan- 
tur,  que  quidem  acquietancie  sunt  in  baga  de  particulis 
compoti  dictorum  collectorum  de  finibus  operariorum 
supradictorum.  Ideo  tarn  ipsi  collectores  quam  predicti 
manucaptores  sui  recedant  inde  quieti,  nisi  aliud  etc. 

4.  Accounts  of  Collectors  of  the  Triennial  of  1352.1  ( Cf .  pt. 

1,  ch.  iii,  1,  B,  especially  c.) 

A  table  of  figures  taken  from  Enrolled  Subsidies. 

Extracts  from  Accounts,  K.  R.,  Enrolled  Subsidies  and 

Lay  Subsidies. 

INTRODUCTORY  NOTE. 

Enrolled  accounts,  known  as  Enrolled  Subsidies;  a  complete 
series  giving  the  date  of  the  collections,  the  names  of  the  col¬ 
lectors,  and  the  totals  of  the  tax  as  well  as  the  totals  of  the 
penalties  for  each  county. 

Original  accounts,  known  as  Lay  Subsidies;  by  no  means  a 
complete  series ;  but  each  account  in  existence  gives  full  details 
of  both  tax  and  penalties,  district  by  district  within  the  county. 

Manuscript  list  called  “Descriptive  Slips;”  attempts  to  give 
the  date  and  a  brief  summary  of  the  nature  of  the  account. 

Ht  has  been  pointed  out  in  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A.,  that  the  accounts  of 
the  collectors  of  the  grant  of  1348  contain  no  reference  to  the  penalties. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  313  * 

Hunter’s  Inventories,  printed  in  R .  D.  K.,  ii,  app.  ii,  165- 
167,  iii,  app.  ii,  99,  show  some  instances  for  the  grant  of  1352 
where  the  penalties  under  the  statutes  of  labourers  are  noted 
as  “allowances,”  and  the  “Descriptive  Slips”  show  more  such 
instances ;  but  an  exhaustive  examination  of  this  whole  series 
revealed  many  more  occasions  where  the  penalties  are  recorded 
in  the  accounts,  or  at  least  referred  to,  than  is  indicated  either 
by  Hunter  or  by  the  “  Descriptive  Slips.”  Further,  in  many 
cases  where  the  heading  of  the  original  account  is  torn  away 
and  the  date  and  the  names  of  the  collectors  thus  destroyed, 
the  makers  of  the  “  Descriptive  Slips  ”  have  been  able  to 
assign  the  account  to  a  given  subsidy  only  by  the  nature  of  the 
grant  or  by  the  character  of  the  handwriting.  It  is  possible, 
however,  by  noting  references  to  the  application  of  penalties 
and  by  a  comparison  with  the  totals  of  penalties  given  in  En¬ 
rolled  Subsidies  to  date  the  account  with  absolute  correctness. 
This  series  also  includes  many  subsidiary  documents,  such  as 
writs  and  receipts  for  the  payment  of  justices’  wages,  as  well 
as  memoranda  of  the  apportionment  of  the  penalties. 

There  have  been  references  by  various  modern  writers  to  the 
disposition  of  the  penalties ; 1  but,  except  by  Hunter,  these  ac¬ 
counts  do  not  seem  to  have  been  thoroughly  examined  until 
Mr.  J.  F.  Willard,  while  working  on  methods  of  taxation  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  went  through  this  whole  series  some 
months  before  I  reached  London.  He  had  himself  intended  to 
print  some  of  these  accounts,  but  with  great  generosity  he  has 
allowed  me  to  use  them  instead,  and  has  lent  me  his  figures 
with  which  to  check  mine. 

In  the  following  pages  I  give  a  table,  based  on  Enrolled 
Subsidies,  14,  of  the  totals  of  both  tax  and  penalties,  county 
by  county,  supplemented  by  information  from  Lay  Subsidies. 
I  also  print  a  series  of  extracts  from  all  the  original  accounts 
in  Lay  Subsidies  and  in  Accounts,  Exchequer,  K.  R.,  where  a 
detailed  comparison  of  the  tax  and  penalties  district  by  dis- 

^asquet,  Great  Pestilence,  quoted  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B,  a  and  b; 
Powell,  East  Anglia  Rising,  2;  Stubbs,  Const.  Hist.,  ii,  434. 


314 


APPENDIX 


* 

trict  within  the  county  can  be  made — in  28  instances  out  of  a 
possible  135.  The  asterisk  indicates  those  accounts  that  appear 
in  the  “  Descriptive  Slips  ”  as  of  uncertain  date,  and  that  I 
have  been  able  to  date  with  absolute  certainty — six  in  all.  To 
these  must  be  added  two  others  which  are  not  represented  in 
my  extracts:  158/21,  Northumberland,  is  assigned  by  “De¬ 
scriptive  Slips  ”  to  the  3rd  collection  of  the  grant  of  the  22nd 
year,  but  the  familiar  formula  of  “  no  estreats  of  penalties 
under  the  statutes  of  labourers,”  added  at  the  end,  proves 
conclusively  that  it  is  the  grant  of  the  25th  year;  211/25, 
York,  N.  R.  is  assigned  to  the  2nd  collection  of  the  grant  of 
the  25th  year  by  character  only;  a  similar  formula  at  the  end 
puts  the  matter  beyond  doubt. 

In  printing  these  extracts  I  give  the  full  heading  of  the  first 
tax  printed,  that  for  Bedford,  and  after  that  only  the  names 
of  the  collectors,  unless,  as  sometimes  happens,  the  phraseology 
of  the  heading  differs  from  that  usually  found ;  I  print  the  tax 
first  in  each  case  and  the  apportionment  second,  even  when 
this  is  not  the  original  sequence.  The  references,  unless  other¬ 
wise  specified,  are  to  Lay  Subsidies ;  the  Roman  numerals  refer 
merely  to  the  order  in  my  list. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  3x5  * 

A  table  of  figures  taken  from  Enrolled  Subsidies ,  14. 

Triennial  Grant  of  1352.  25  Edw.  III. 


Collec- 

Tax. 

Penalties. 

tion. 

1. 

s. 

d. 

ob. 

q. 

1. 

s. 

d.  ob. 

q. 

1 

674 

1 7 

4 

0 

1 

82 

16 

7  0 

0 

Bedford 

2 

674 

1 7 

4 

0 

1 

10 

2 

9  0 

0 

3 

674 

7 

7 

0 

1 

68 

5 

0  1 

0 

Total 

2024 

2 

3 

1 

1 

161 

4 

4  1 

0 

1 

1036 

3 

9 

0 

0 

362 

16 

4  0 

0 

Berks. 

1036 

3 

9 

0 

0 

300 

13 

10  0 

0 

3 

1036 

3 

9 

0 

0 

99 

0 

12  0 

0 

Total 

3108 

11 

3 

0 

0 

762 

n 

2  0 

0 

1 

688 

5 

4 

0 

0 

344 

2 

8  0 

0 

Bucks. 

2 

688 

5 

4 

0 

0 

Apportionment  not 

3 

688 

5 

4 

0 

0 

made  by  justices. 

Total 

2064 

16 

0 

0 

0 

344 

2 

8  0 

0 

1 

ion 

10 

6 

1 

0 

307 

11 

6  0 

0 

Cambridge 

2 

ion 

10 

6 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

3 

ion 

10 

6 

1 

0 

103 

6 

3  1 

0 

Total 

3034 

n 

7 

1 

0 

410 

1 7 

9  1 

0 

1 

478 

17 

9 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

Cornwall 

2 

478 

1 7 

9 

0 

0 

89 

0 

5  1 

0 

3 

478 

1 7 

9 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

Total 

1436 

13 

3 

0 

0 

89 

0 

5  1 

0 

1 

249 

4 

5 

0 

1 

No  sessions. 

Cumberland 

2 

249 

4 

5 

0 

1 

No  estreats. 

3 

249 

4 

5 

0 

1 

72 

6 

9  1 

0 

Total 

747 

13 

3 

1 

1 

72 

6 

9  1 

0 

1 

47i 

3 

4 

0 

1 

No  estreats. 

Derby 

2 

47i 

3 

4 

0 

1 

61 

14 

11  0 

0 

3 

47i 

3 

4 

0 

1 

Penalties  only  enough 

for  justices’ 

wages, 

» 

Total 

1413 

10 

0 

1 

1 

61 

14 

11  0 

0 

316  *  APPENDIX 

Triennial  Grant  of  1352.— Continued. 

Collec-  Tax.  Penalties. 


tion. 

1. 

s. 

d. 

ob. 

q- 

1. 

s.  d.  ob. 

q. 

1 

953 

15 

0 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

Devon 

2 

953 

15 

0 

0 

0 

140 

13  10  0 

0 

ji. 

Unable  to  levy  penalties. 

3 

953 

15 

0 

0 

°u 

No  estreats. 

Total 

2861 

5 

0 

0 

0 

140 

13  10  0 

0 

I 

851 

9 

0 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

Dorset 

2 

851 

9 

0 

1 

0 

11 

0  14  0 

0 

3 

851 

9 

0 

1 

0 

141 

14  0  0 

1 

Total 

2554 

7 

1 

1 

0 

152 

15  2  0 

1 

1 

1234 

14 

7 

0 

1 

675 

11  00 

0 

Essex 

2 

1234 

14 

7 

0 

1 

56 

14  11  0 

0 

3 

1234 

14 

7 

0 

1 

222 

14  1  0 

0 

Total 

3704 

3 

9 

1 

1 

955 

000 

0 

1 

1642 

0 

7 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

Gloucester 

2 

1642 

0 

7 

0 

0 

Excuse  illegible. 

3 

1642 

0 

7 

0 

0 

101 

15  7  0 

0 

Total 

4926 

1 

9 

0 

0 

101 

15  7  0 

0 

1 

437 

5 

7 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

Hereford 

2 

437 

5 

11 

0 

0 

5i 

900 

0 

3 

437 

5 

11 

0 

0 

No 

estreats. 

Total 

1311 

1 7 

5 

0 

0 

5i 

900 

0 

1 

610 

3 

6 

1 

1 

138 

420 

0 

Herts. 

2 

610 

3 

6 

1 

1 

12 

1  11  0 

0 

3 

610 

3 

6 

.  1 

1 

50 

10  2  0 

0 

Total 

1830 

10 

8 

0 

1 

200 

16  3  0 

0 

1 

444 

7 

10 

1 

1 

Hunts. 

2 

444 

7 

10 

1 

1 

Delay  granted. 

3 

444 

7 

# 

10 

1 

1 

43 

500 

0 

Total 

1333 

3 

8 

0 

1 

43 

500 

0 

DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  31 7  * 

Triennial  Grant  of  1352. — Continued. 

Collec-  Tax.  Penalties. 


tion. 

1. 

s. 

d. 

ob.  q. 

1. 

s.  d.  ob. 

q- 

1 

153 

2 

3 

0  0 

Isle  of  Wight 

2 

153 

2 

3 

0  0 

3 

153 

2 

3 

0  0 

8 

12  0  0 

0 

Total 

459 

6 

9 

0  0 

8 

12  0  0 

0 

1 

1927 

6 

11 

1  0 

133 

680 

0 

Kent 

2 

1927 

6 

11 

1  0 

58 

12  3  1 

1 

3 

1927 

6 

11 

1  0 

II 

19  11  0 

0 

Total 

5782 

0 

10 

1  0 

203 

18  10  1 

1 

1 

377 

9 

5 

1  0 

Lancaster 

2 

377 

9 

5 

1  0 

No  estreats. 

3 

377 

9 

5 

1  0 

*203 

14  11  0 

0 

Total 

1132 

8 

4 

1  0 

203 

14  11  0 

0 

* 

For  three 

years. 

1 

757 

12 

10 

I  0 

No  estreats. 

Leicester 

2 

757 

12 

10 

I  0 

47 

241 

0 

3 

757 

12 

10 

I  0 

156 

0  12  0 

0 

Total 

2272 

l8 

7 

I  0 

203 

3  4  1 

0 

1 

665 

II 

8 

0  0 

No  estreats. 

Lincoln,  H. 

2 

665 

II 

8 

0  0 

62 

880 

0 

3 

665 

II 

8 

0  0 

Penalties  not  even  enough 

for  justices’  wages. 

Total 

1996 

15 

0 

0  0 

62 

880 

0 

1 

953 

9 

4 

0  0 

No  estreats. 

Lincoln,  K. 

2 

953 

9 

4 

0  0 

28 

11  10  0 

0 

3 

953 

9 

4 

0  0 

105 

J9  11  1 

0 

Total 

2860 

8 

0 

0  0 

134 

11  9  1 

0 

1 

1526 

2 

11 

I  0 

Lincoln,  L. 

2 

1526 

2 

11 

I  0 

No  estreats. 

3 

1526 

2 

11 

I  0 

569 

14  9  0 

0 

4578  8  10  1  0  569  14  9  o  0 


Total 


318*  appendix 

Triennial  Grant  of  1352. — Continued. 


Collec 

Tax. 

Penalties. 

tion. 

1. 

s. 

d. 

ob. 

q- 

1. 

s. 

d.  ob. 

q. 

1 

733 

6 

8 

0 

0 

London 

2 

733 

6 

8 

0 

0 

3 

733 

6 

8 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

Total 

2200 

0 

0 

0 

0 

I 

341 

19 

7 

0 

1 

146 

4 

10  0 

0 

Middlesex 

2 

341 

19 

7 

0 

1 

11 

9 

6  0 

0 

3 

341 

19 

7 

0 

1 

2 

2 

11  1 

0 

Total 

1025 

18 

9 

1 

1 

159 

17 

3  1 

0 

1 

133 

6 

8 

0 

0 

Newcastle  on  Tyne 

2 

133 

6 

8 

0 

0 

3 

133 

6 

8 

0 

0 

13 

7 

0  0 

0 

Total 

400 

0 

0 

0 

0 

13 

7 

0  0 

0 

1 

3485 

16 

7 

0 

0 

206 

2 

11  0 

0 

Norfolk 

2 

3485 

16 

7 

0 

0 

40 

9 

9  0 

0 

3 

3485 

16 

7 

0 

0 

162 

4 

3  0 

0 

Total 

10  457 

9 

9 

0 

0 

408 

16 

11  0 

0 

1 

1161 

0 

6 

0 

1 

No  estreats. 

Northants. 

2 

1161 

0 

6 

0 

1 

No  estreats. 

3 

1161 

0 

6 

0 

1 

38 

14 

5  0 

0 

Total 

3483 

1 

6 

1 

1 

38 

14 

5  0 

0 

1 

333 

10 

7 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

Northumberland 

2 

333 

10 

7 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

3 

333 

10 

7 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

Total 

1000 

11 

10 

1 

0 

1 

706 

2 

3 

0 

1 

No  estreats. 

Notts. 

2 

706 

2 

3 

0 

1 

Promise  to  account 

next  year. 

3 

706 

2 

3 

0 

1 

42 

6 

9  0 

0 

Total 

2118 

6 

9 

1 

1 

42 

6 

9  0 

0 

DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  319  * 


Triennial  Grant  of  1352.— Continued. 

Collec-  Tax.  Penalties. 


* 

tion. 

1. 

s. 

d. 

ob. 

q* 

1.  s.  d.  ob. 

q. 

1 

1403 

8 

6 

0 

0 

242  1130 

0 

Oxford 

2 

1403 

8 

6 

0 

0 

91  380 

0 

3 

1403 

8 

6 

0 

0 

80  940 

0 

Total 

4210 

5 

6 

0 

0 

414  4  3  0 

0 

1 

215 

18 

6 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

Rutland 

2 

215 

18 

6 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

3 

215 

18 

6 

1 

0 

Penalties  only  enough 

for  justices’  wages 

• 

Total 

647 

15 

7 

1 

0 

1 

644 

12 

0 

0 

1 

No  estreats. 

Shropshire 

2 

644 

12 

0 

0 

1 

No  estreats. 

3 

644 

12 

0 

0 

1 

No  estreats. 

Total 

1933 

16 

0 

1 

1 

1 

1357 

19 

2 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

Somerset 

2 

1357 

19 

2 

1 

0 

267  12  70 

0 

3 

1357 

19 

2 

1 

0 

135  4  3  0 

0 

Total 

4073 

17 

7 

1 

0 

402  16  10  0 

0 

1 

1187 

16 

2 

1 

if1* 

No  estreats. 

1 2. 

Hadnotleviedpenalties. 

Southampton 

2 

1187 

16 

2 

1 

1 

40  260 

0 

3 

1187 

16 

2 

1 

1 

No  estreats. 

Total 

3563 

8 

8 

0 

1 

0 

u  ! 

ON  1 

0  1 

0 

1 

575 

18 

3 

1 

1 

146  10  2  0 

0 

Stafford 

2 

575 

18 

3 

1 

1 

No  estreats. 

3 

575 

18 

3 

1 

1 

No  estreats. 

Total 

1 727 

14 

11 

0 

1 

146  10  2  0 

0 

1 

1439 

5 

0 

1 

1 

No  estreats. 

Suffolk 

2 

T439 

5 

0 

1 

1 

22  340 

0 

3 

1439 

5 

0 

1 

1 

125  2  10  1 

I 

4317  15  2  0  1  147  6211 


Total 


320  * 


APPENDIX 


Triennial  Grant  of  1352. — Continued. 


Surrey 


Collec¬ 
tion 

1 

2 

3 


Total 


Sussex 


Warwick 


Westmoreland 


Total 


Wilts. 


Worcester 


Total 


York,  E.  R. 


1 

2 

3 


Total 


1 

2 

3 


Total 


1 

2 

3 


1 

2 


Total 


1 

2 

3 


1 

2 

3 


Tax. 


Penalties. 


1. 

s. 

d. 

ob. 

q- 

1.  s.  d.  ob. 

q. 

584 

5 

9 

I 

I 

Penalties  not  even  enough 

for  justices’  wages. 

584 

5 

9 

I 

I 

No  estreats. 

584 

5 

9 

1 

I 

9  630 

0 

1752 

1 7 

5 

0 

I 

9  630 

0 

1104 

7 

8 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

1104 

7 

8 

I 

0 

No  estreats. 

1104 

7 

8 

I 

0 

No  estreats. 

3313 

3 

1 

1 

0 

841 

18 

0 

0 

0 

841 

18 

3 

I 

I 

45  920 

0 

841 

18 

3 

I 

I 

VO 

O 

1  O 

1  M 

1  O 

0 

2525 

14 

7 

I 

0 

135  19  3  0 

0 

190 

15 

7 

0 

I 

No  estreats. 

190 

15 

7 

0 

I 

No  estreats. 

190 

15 

7 

0 

I 

No  estreats. 

572 

6 

9 

I 

I 

1595 

13 

7 

I 

I 

No  estreats. 

1595 

13 

7 

I 

I 

Excuse  referred  to 

but  not  given. 

1595 

13 

7 

I 

I 

280  950 

0 

4787 

0 

11 

0 

I 

280  950 

0 

502 

17 

10 

I 

0 

Estreats  delivered  too  late. 

502 

1 7 

10 

I 

0 

57  7  10  0 

0 

5C2 

17 

10 

I 

0 

14  3  4  0 

0 

1508 

13 

7 

I 

0 

O 

0* 

HH 

W 

0 

1053 

13 

0 

0 

0 

1053 

13 

0 

0 

0 

44  15  10  0 

0 

1053 

13 

0 

0 

0 

1 37  12  6  0 

0 

3160 

19 

0 

0 

0 

182  840 

0 

Total 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  321  * 

Triennial  Grant  of  1352. — Concluded . 


Collec 

Tax. 

Penalties. 

▼ 

tion. 

1. 

s. 

d. 

ob. 

q- 

1.  s.  d.  ob.  q. 

1 

616 

13 

9 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

York,  N.  R. 

2 

616 

13 

9 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

3 

617 

13 

9 

0 

0 

15  13  700 

Total 

1851 

1 

3 

0 

0 

IS  13  700 

1 

738 

10 

8 

1 

0 

No  estreats. 

York,  W.  R. 

2 

738 

10 

8 

1 

0 

258  4601 

3 

738 

10 

8 

1 

0 

45  17  11  0  1 

Total 

2215 

12 

1 

1 

0 

304  2510 

1 

162 

0 

0 

0 

0 

City  of  York 

2 

162 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

162 

0 

0 

0 

0 

No  estreats. 

Total 

486 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Total  tax. 

Total  penalties.1 

1. 

s. 

d. 

ob. 

q. 

1.  s.  d.  ob.  q. 

114,767 

5 

2 

0 

0 

7747  14  2  1  1 

Tax  for  single  year. 
38,255  15  o  1  1 


1 1  am  indebted  to  Mr.  J.  E.  G.  Bryant  for  verifying  the  totals. 


APPENDIX 


3 22  * 

Extracts  from  Ac c omits,  K.  R Lay  Subsidies  and  Enrolled 

Subsidies. 

I.  Bedford.  First  collection. 

71/25 

Bed'  Particule  compoti  Willelmi  Mordaunt,  Roberti  Dy- 
per,  Simonis  Loryng,  et  Iohannis  Creuker,  collec- 
Tax  torum  xvme  et  xme  triennalium  Regi  a  laicis  con- 

cessarum  anno  xxvto  in  comitatu  Bed’  de  primo 
anno  solucionis  earundem  xvme  et  xme. 


Hundredum  de  Bereford. 
Villata  de  Eton 
Villata  de  Wyboldeston 

Hundredum  de  Clifton. 

Villata  de  Shefford  cum 

Villata  de  Henlowe 
Villata  de  Clifton 
Villata  de  Mepershale 
Villata  de  Stotfold 


x  li.  xii  s. 

viii  li.  vii  s.  i  d.  ob. 

Camelton 

vn  li.  111  s.  1111  d. 

vi  li.  ix  s.  i  d. 

•  •••«•  •••  •••  -«  « 
1111  li.  111  s.  vm  d.  ob. 

c  s.  viii  d. 

vi  li.  xii  s.  x  d. 


71/28 

Particule  Willelmi  Mordaunt  [etc.]  1  ...  in 
comitatu  Bed’  de  denariis  liberatis  diuersis  villatis 
Appor-  et  burgis  comitatus  predicti  in  subuencionem  xve  et 
tionment  xe  de  denariis  prouenientibus  de  finibus,  exitibus  et 
amerciamentis  seruientium,  operariorum  et  aliorum 
artificum  in  comitatu  predicto,  videlicet,  cuilibet  ville 
vt  inferius. 

De  quibus  computantes  liberauerunt  subcollector- 
ibus  villatarum  subscriptarum  per  porciones  iuxta 
ordinacionem  de  communi  consilio  factam. 


1  Names  the  same  as  in  71/25. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  323  * 

Subcollectoribus  de  Shefford  cum  Camelton  per  in- 
denturas 

vt  supra  xvii  s.  vii  d.  ob.  qa. 
Subcollectoribus  villate  de  Henlowe  per  indenturas 
vt  supra  xvii  s.  i  d.  qa. 

Subcollectoribus  villate  de  Clifton  per  indenturas 
vt  supra  x  s.  iii  d.  ob. 

Subcollectoribus  de  Mepershal  per  indenturas 
vt  supra  xii  s.  iiii  d.  ob. 

Subcollectoribus  de  Stotfold  per  indenturas 
vt  supra  xvi  s.  iii  d.  ob. 

Subcollectoribus  villate  de  Eton  per  indenturas 
vt  supra  xxvi  s.  ob. 

Subcollectoribus  villate  de  Wybodeston  per  inden¬ 
turas 

vt  supra  xx  s.  vi  d. 


II.  Berks.  First  collection. 

XX 

Apporcinacio  de  ccciiii  vi  li.  iii  s.  denariorum  emergencium 
de  excessubus  et  finibus  seruientium,  operariorum,  victual- 
ariorum,  artificum,  diuersarum  villatarum  comitatus  Berk’  a  xv 
die  Marcii  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum 
vicesimo  quinto  per  vnum  annum  integrum,  facta  apud  Wane- 
tyng  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  vicesimo  sexto  coram  Ra- 
dulfo  de  Grey  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  ad  statutum  de  seruien- 
tibus,  laborariis,  victualariis  et  artificibus  editum  in  comitatu 
Berk’ 1  predicto  conseruandum  assignatis,  per  sacramentum 
Willelmi  Ninon  et  sociorum  suorum  collectorum  decime  et 
quintedecime  domino  Regi  a  laicis  in  comitatu  predicto  conces- 
sarum,  et  per  sacramentum  Ricardi  Herebard,  Thome  Gereberd, 
Roberti  de  Worth,  Iohannis  Southbury,  Nicholai  Payn,  Ricardi 
Persone,  Walteri  de  Norton,  Iohannis  Dalron,  Iohannis  Crook, 
Ingelrami  Rossel,  Willelmi  Harewell,  Alexandri  Apsolon,  Wil- 


1  MS.  Bek’. 


324 


APPENDIX 


* 


ielmi  de  Latton,  Roberti  de  Malkeneye,  Walteri  de  la  Ryuere, 
lohannis  Marie,  Willelmi  Saunford,  Philippi  Rioth,  Iohannis  de 
Buden,  Henrici  Kersy,  Willelmi  Baron,  Willelmi  Ward,  Wil- 
lelmi  Rossel,  Gilberti  Vyel,  Thome  de  Stok,  Iohannis  atte 
Chaumbre,  Radulfi  de  Tyle,  Iohannis  Fraunkeleyn,  Roberti  de 
Schiplak  et  Gilberti  de  Benham  de  omnibus  hundredis  tocius 
comitatus  predicti  per  communitatem  tocius  comitatus  predicti 
ad  hoc  electorum  et  ordinatorum,  et  per  auisamentum  iusticia- 
riorum  predictorum;  que  quedam  apporcinacio  facta  est  modo 

XX 

subscripto,  videlicet,  de  predictis  ccciiii  vi  li.  iii  s.  subtrahuntur 
pro  vadiis  Radulfi  de  Grey,  vnius  iusticiarii,  pro  xl  diebus 
hoc  anno  xiii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  et  pro  vadiis  Iohannis  Loueday, 
alterius  iusticiarii,  pro  xl  diebus  eodem  anno  x  li.  Summa 
xxiii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  et  sic  remanent  de  summa  predicta  ccclxii  li. 
xvi  s.  iiii  d. ;  que  quedam  summa  diuiditur  in  diuersis  villatis 
et  hamelettis  in  comitatu  predicto  in  alleuiacionem  decime  et 
quintedecime  predictarum  in  forma  que  sequitur,  videlicet: 


Hundredum  de  Farnden. 

Farndon  lx  s. 

Westbroke  xxx  s. 

Langeford  viii  s.  vi  d. 

Parua  Farnden  v  s.  viii  d.  ob.  qa. 
Schulton  ix  s.  vi  d. 

Magna  Kokeswell  et  Parua  Kokeswell 

xvi  s. 

Summa  vi  li.  ix  s.  viii  d.  ob.  qa. 


( Cf .  with  the  tax  for  the  same  district  given  in  73/32  for 
the  second  collection.1) 

(At  end  of  roll:) 


Rotulus  de  particulis  denariorum  liberatorum  diuersis  villatis 

1  It  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  amount  of  the  tax  with  very  few 
and  very  slight  exceptions  remains  the  same. 


/ 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  325  * 

et  burgis  in  comitatu  Bark’  per  collectores  xve  et  xe  predic- 
tarum  in  comitatu  predicto  in  subuencionem  xve  et  xe  predic- 
tarum.  * 

•  •••••••• 

■Quia  omnes  villate  et  hamelette  predicte  ob  defectum  tenen¬ 
dum  et  agriculture  depauperantur  et  sic  summa  predicta  de 
ccclxii  li.  xvi  s.  iiii  d.  apporcionantur  in  villis  et  hamelettis 
predictis  secundum  maius  et  minus  prout  eis  indigebat  secun¬ 
dum  quod  tabs  summa  paupertati  et  necessitati  earum  exten- 
dere  potuit. 

III.  Berks.  Second  collection. 

73/32. 

Apporciacio  de  ccclxx  li.  xiii  s.  x  d.  denariorum  emergen- 
tium  de  excessibus,  finibus  et  amerciamentis  seruientium, 
operariorum,  victualariorum  et  artificum  diuersarum  villatarum 
in  comitatu  Berk’  a  xve  die  Marcii  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi 
tercii  post  conquestum  vicesimo  sexto  per  vnum  annum  inte¬ 
grum  et  ex  tunc  vsque  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  tunc  proxime 
sequens,  facta  coram  Radulfo  de  Grey  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis 
ad  statutum  et  ordinacionem  de  seruientibus,  laborariis,  victual- 
ariis  et  artificibus  edita  in  comitatu  predicto  conservanda 
assignatis,  per  sacramentum  Iohannis  de  Beckote,  Ade  atte 
Wyke,  Roberti  Fynk,  Willelmi  Noroun,  Ade  atte  Castel,  Iohan¬ 
nis  Northern,  Iohannis  Marie,  Iohannis  de  Latton,  Nicholai  de 
la  Croys,  Walteri  de  la  Ryuere,  Roberti  Arthur,  Roger i  Loue- 
kyn,  Philippi  Ryot,  Iohannis  de  Buden,  Edwardi  Giffard,  Ri- 
cardi  Bot,  Iohannis  Cleet,  Iohannis  de  Somerford,  Willelmi 
Barfot,  Ricardi  Boton,  Willelmi  Baroun,  Gilberti  Benham, 
Roberti  Crokford,  Iohannis  Sonynghull  et  Roberti  Sheplake  de 
omnibus  hundredis  tocius  comitatus  predicti  per  communitatem 
tocius  comitatus  predicti  ad  hoc  electorum  et  ordinatorum  et 
per  sacramentum  collectorum  xe  et  xve  in  comitatu  predicto  et 
per  auisamentum  iusticiariorum  predictorum;  que  quidem  ap¬ 
porciacio  facta  est  modo  subscripto,  videlicet,  de  predictis  ccclxx 
li.  xiii  s.  x  d.  subtrahuntur  pro  vadiis  iusticiariorum  per  tempus 


APPENDIX 


326  * 

predictum  lxx  li.  Et  sic  remanent  de  summa  predicta  ccc  li. 


xiii  s.  x  d. ;  que  quidem  summa 

diuiditur  in  diuersis  villatis  et 

hamelettis  in  comitatu  predicto 

in  aleuiacionem  xe  et  xve  pre- 

dictarum  in  forma  que  sequitur,  videlicet : 

Tax.1 

Hundredum  de  Farndon. 

Farndon  de  xa  et  xva 

xv  li.  xi  s.  xi  d.  qa. 

Westbrok 

x  li.  xvi  s.  v  d. 

Inglesham 

lxxiiii  s.  viii  d.  qa. 

Lange  ford 

vii  li.  qa. 

Parua  Farndon 

iiii  li.  xi  s.  ix  d.  ob. 

Bernyngton 

1111  li.  111  s.  vm  d. 

• 

Shulton 

vi  li.  vii  s.  ix  d.  qa. 

Magna  Cokeswell 

cvi  s.  ix  d. 

Parua  Cokeswell 

•  •  •  <  •  ••  •  ■* 

111  li.  11  s.  vi  d. 

Summa  lx  li.  xv  s.  vi  d.  ob. 

•  •  •  • 

Hundredum  de  Slotesford. 

•  •  •  •  • 

Basteldene 

vi  li.  xv  s.  ii  d.  ob.  q. 

Stretle 

vi  s.  vi  d.  ob.  q. 

Molsford 

iiii  li.  v  s.  xi  d.  ob.  q. 

Sottewell 

lix  s.  ix  d.  ob.  q. 

Summa  xix  li, 

.  vii  s.  vii  d. 

•  •  •  • 

Apportionment. 

•  •  •  •  • 

Farendon. 

Burgo  de  Farendon 

xi  li. 

Westbroc 

Inglesham 

xxx  s. 

Langeford 

XX  s. 

Parua  Farendon 

xxxiiii  s. 

Bernyngton 

X  s. 

Shulton 

xxx  s. 

1  No  heading  to  the  tax. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


Magna  Cokeswell 
Parua  Cokeswell 

Summa 


xxxvi  s. 
XX  s. 
xx  li. 


Hundredum  de  Slotesford. 


Bastilden 

XXX  s. 

Stretle 

XXX  s. 

Molesford 

XX  s. 

Sottewell 

XX  s. 

Summa  v  li. 

327* 


IV.  Bucks.  First  collection. 

77/18 

Particule  compoti  Galfridi  de  Lucy,  Gerardi  de  Braybrok, 
militum,  Iohannis  de  Hamden  et  sociorum  suorum,  collectorum 
[etc.].  xx 

Summa  totalis  dciiii  viii  li.  v  s.  iiii  d.  Infra  quas  summas 
continentur  cccxliiii  li.  ii  s.  viii  d.  de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amer- 
ciamentis  leuatis  per  predictos  collectores  in  comitatu  predict© 
seruientium,  operariorum  et  aliorum  artificum  sicut  continetur 
in  quodam  rotulo  huic  rotulo  de  particulis  consuto. 


Hundredum  de  Bynstowe. 


Hampslape 

•  •  4 »  ••••  • 

Xll  ll.  1111  S.  VI 

Rauenston 

1111  ll. 

Haueresham 

C  S. 

Tyringham  cum  Philinggraue 

lxvi  s.  viii  d. 

Stokegoldyngton  cum  Ikole 

lx  s. 

Gar  hurst  cum  Parua  Lynford 

lxx  s. 

Olneye  cum  membris 

ix  li. 

Weston 

lxx  s. 

Lauenden  cum  Snellestone 

c  s. 

Latebur’ 

ciiii  s. 

Summa  liii  li.  xv  s. 

ii  d. 

APPENDIX 


328  * 

77/21. 

Particule  compoti  Galfridi  de  Lucy,  Gerardi  de  Braybrok, 
militum,  Iohannis  de  Hamden  et  Ricardi  Darches,  collectorum 
xve  et  xe  in  comitatu  Bulc’,  de  denariis  prouenientibus  de  ex- 
cessu  seruientium,  operariorum  et  aliorum  artificum,  finibus, 
exitibus  et  amerciamentis  eorundem  in  comitatu  predicto  et 
liberatis  diuersis  villatis  et  burgis  in  subuencionem  xve  et  xe 
vt  patet  inferius. 

Hundredum  de  Bynstowe. 


Villata  de  Hampslape 

••  • • • 
VI  li.  11  S.  Ill 

d. 

Villata  de  Raueneston 

xl  s. 

Villata  de  Haueresham 

1  s. 

Villata  de  Tyringham  cum  Philinggraue 

xxxiii  s.  iiii 

d. 

Villata  de  Stokegoldyngton  cum  Ikole 

XXX  s. 

Villata  de  Garhurst  cum  Parua  Lynford 

XXXV  s. 

Villata  de  Olneye  cum  membris 

1111  li.  x  s. 

Villata  de  Weston 

XXXV  s. 

Villata  de  Lauenden  cum  Snellestone 

1  s. 

Villata  de  Latebur’ 

lii  s. 

Summa  xxvi  li.  xvii  s.  vii  d. 


Enrolled  Subsidies,  14;  Buk’. 

XX 

Summa  recepte  dciiii.viii  li.  v  s.  iiii  d.  In  thesauro  dvii  li. 
xv  s.  in  vi  talliis  per  collectores.  Item  in  thesauro  ciii  li.  vii  d. 
ob.  per  predictum  Galfridum.  Et  iidem  collectores  respondent 
in  Rotulo  xxvi0  in  Residuo  Bed’  de  cxiiii  s.  v  d.  ob.  q.,  qui  re- 
quiruntur  ibidem  de  diuersis  de  quibus  iidem  collectores  one- 
rantur,  sicut  continetur  in  dicto  rotulo  de  particulis  debitis, 
inde  respondent  per  ix  breuia  Regis  allocata  in  hoc  compoto. 
Et  eisdem  collectoribus  in  compensacionem  xlix  li.  xviii  s.  quos 
Iohannes  Chastiloun,  vicecomes  Bed’  et  Buk’,  leuauit  de  finibus 
diuersorum  laborancium  et  artificum  et  de  quibus  xlix  li.  xviii  s. 
idem  vicecomes  oneratur,  videlicet,  de  xlviii  li.  xiii  s.  in  rotulo 
de  finibus  coram  Rege  de  terminis  Pasche  et  Michaelis  anno 
xxiii°  et  terminis  Hillarii,  Pasche,  Trinitatis  et  Michaelis  anno 
xxiiiito  et  terminis  Hillarii,  Pasche,  Trinitatis  anno  xxvt0,  et 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  329  * 

de  xxv  s.  in  rotulo  de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  coram 
Rege  termino  Michaelis  anno  xxv ;  et  de  quibus  xlix  li.  xviii  s., 
videlicet,  in  dictis  particulis  idem  vicecomes  satisfecit  Regi 
sicut  continetur  in  Rotulo  xxvi0  in  Bed’  et  in  Memorandis  de 
anno  xxvii°  termino  Hillarii  xlix  li.  xviii  s.  per  breue  Regis 
irrotulatum  in  Memorandis  de  dicto  anno  xxvii°  termino  Trin- 
itatis  per  quod  Rex  mandauit  baronibus  quod  omnes  pecun- 
iarum  summas  de  huiusmodi  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 
operariorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  tarn  coram  iusticiariis  ad 
placita  coram  Rege  tenenda  assignatis  quam  aliis  iusticiariis 
quibuscumque,  in  auxilium  solucionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum 
tarn  eas,  videlicet,  que  ad  opus  Regis  leuate  quamque  adhuc 
leuande  existant,  prefatis  collectoribus  in  alleuiacionem  por- 
cionum  pauperes  villatas  comitatus  predicti  contingencium  ad 
scaccarium  allocent,  vel  eis  de  tanta  summa  quanta  inde  ad 
opus  Regis  leuata  existit  recompensacionem  habere  faciant.  Et 
eisdem  collectoribus  pro  misis  et  expensis  suis  c  s.  Et  debent 
xvi  li.  xvii  s.  ii  d.  ob.  qa.  Iidem  reddunt  compotum  de  eodem 
debito.  In  thesauro  nichil.  Et  eisdem  collectoribus  in  con- 
simili  compensacione  vt  supra  de  consimilibus  finibus  labor- 
ariorum  xvi  li.  xviii  s.  viii  d.  per  breue  Regis  allocatum  supra 
et  per  consideracionem  baronum  annotatam  in  Memorandis  de 
anno  xxvii0  Regis  huius  inter  Recorda  de  termino  Trinitatis. 
Et  habent  de  superplusagio.1 

« *  •  * 

V.  Cumberland.  Third  collection. 

90/18. 

Particule  compoti  Willelmi  de  Stapleton  et  Gilberti  de  Ot- 
whit,  collector um  [etc.]. 

Libertas  de  Penreth. 

Villata  de  Penreth  xvii  li.  xix  s.  x  d. 

Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum  ix  li.  v  d. 

Villata  de  Salkeld  iiii  li. 

Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum  xxiii  s.  v  d. 


1  Cf.  app.,  275-276. 


330 


APPENDIX 


* 


Villata  de  Langwarthby  lii  s. 

Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum  xxiii  s.  xi  d. 
Villata  de  Carlton  xx  s.  vi  d. 

Villata  de  Stotby  ix  s. 

Villata  de  Carleton  iuxta  Penreth  xx  s. 

Villata  de  Sourby  cvi  s.  viii  d. 

Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum  xl  s. 

Summa  xxxii  li.  viii  s.  Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum 

•  ••«•  •••  •  -a 

xin  li.  vm  s.  ix  d. 

VI.  Derby.  Second  collection. 

91/21. 

Derb’ 

Particule  compoti  Iohannis  de  Greseley,  Iohannis  de  Sheye, 
Thome  Bakepuz,  Willelmi  Curson  et  Ricardi  Foliaumbe,  col- 
lectorum  [etc.]. 

Scamesdale. 

De  Kynwaldmersch  xxxviii  s.  vii  d.  Inde  xxxiiii  s.  vii  d.  de 
xva.  De  excessu  laborariorum  iiii  s. 

De  Norton  xxxvi  s.  viii  d.  Inde  xxvi  s.  viii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  x  s. 

De  Ekynton  xlv  s.  viii  d.  Inde  xxxix  s.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  vi  s.  viii  d. 
De  Brakenthweit  et  Wistinton  xii  s.  x  d.  Inde  viii  s.  x  d.  de 
xva.  De  excessu  laborariorum  iiii  s. 

De  Elmeton  xii  s.  Inde  viii  s.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  iiii  s. 

De  Glapwelle  xxiii  s.  ii  d.  Inde  xix  s.  ii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  iiii  s. 

De  Oxcroft  viii  s.  iii  d.  Inde  vi  s.  iii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  ii  s. 

De  Barleborough  et  Whitewell  iiii  li.  ix  s.  ii  d.  Inde  iiii  li. 

xiiii  d.  de  xva.  De  excessu  laborariorum  viii  s. 

De  Staueleye  xxxii  s.  vi  d.  Inde  xxvi  s.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  vi  s. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  331  * 

De  Barley  et  Aston  xxxviii  s.  vi  d.  Inde  xxvii  s.  vi  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  xi  s. 

De  Wyng^rworth  li  s.  ix  d.  Inde  xl  s.  ix  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  xi  s. 

De  Scardeclif  xl  s.  vii  d.  Inde  xxxvi  s.  vii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  iiii  s. 

De  Shirland  xx  s.  x  d.  Inde  xvii  s.  x  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  ii  s. 

De  Essouer  xliiii  s.  i  d.  Inde  xxxvi  s.  v  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  vii  s.  viii  d. 

De  Stretton  xxv  s.  vii  d.  Inde  xxiii  s.  vii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  iiii  s. 

De  Holmesfeld  xliiii  s.  i  d.  Inde  xxxii  s.  i  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  xii  s. 

De  Bollesouer  pro  xa,  cx  s.  iii  d.  Inde  iiii  li.  xviii  s.  iii  d.  de 

xva.  De  excessu  laborariorum  xii  s. 

% 

De  Sutton  in  Dal  xvii  s.  vi  d.  Inde  xiii  s.  vi  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  iiii  s. 

De  Beyghton  lvi  s.  v  d.  Inde  xlviii  s.  v  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  viii  s. 

De  Plesley  lxvi  s.  viii  d.  Inde  lvi  s.  viii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  x  s. 

De  Tybshelf  xxxviii  s.  i  d.  Inde  xxxv  s.  i  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  iii  s. 

De  Alferton  1  s.  vii  d.  Inde  xlv  s.  vii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  v  s. 

De  Southwynfeld  li  s.  Inde  xlvi  s.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  v  s. 

De  Dronfeld  lviii  s.  vii  d.  Inde  Iiii  s.  vii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  v  s. 

De  Normanton  et  Penkeston  xliiii  s.  i  d.  Inde  xlii  s.  i  d.  de 
xva.  De  excessu  laborariorum  ii  s. 

De  Dokmanton  xxii  s.  iiii  d.  Inde  xx  s.  iiii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  ii  s. 

De  Morton  vi  s.  x  d.  Inde  iiii  s.  x  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  ii  s. 


APPENDIX 


332  * 

De  Staynesby  lxi  s.  iii  d.  ob.  q.  Inde  liiii  s.  vii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  vi  s.  viii  d.1 

De  Cloune  Roberti  Foluille  xv  d. 

Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum,  nichil. 

De  Blakwelle  xxviii  s.  viii  d.  Inde  xxvi  s.  viii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  ii  s. 

De  Toteley  et  Dore  liiii  s.  Inde  xliiii  s.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  x  s. 

De  Whitinton  et  Bryninton  xxxiii  s.  iiii  d.  Inde  xxvi  s.  viii 
d.  de  xva.  De  excessu  laborariorum  dimidia  marca. 

De  Walton  xxxiii  s.  iiii  d.  Inde  xxvi  s.  viii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  dimidia  marca. 

De  Chesterfeld  pro  xa,  vi  li.  xv  s.  vii  d.  Inde  lxxv  s.  vii  d. 
de  xva.  De  excessu  laborariorum  lx  s. 

De  Derley  pro  xa  xxx  li.  Inde  xxi  li.  v  s.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  viii  li.  xv  s. 

Summa  (blank). 

(Foots  to  xxi  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.) 

Exchequer,  K.  R.,  Accounts,  110/18. 

Scarnesdale. 

m.  3. 2  Extractus  excessuum  et  finium  laborancium  et  ser- 
uientum  de  wappentachia  de  Scarnesdale,  coram  Hugone 
de  Meignill  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  in 
comitatu  Derb’  annis  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  xxvt0 
vit0. 

De  Willelmo  de  Hope  per  plegium  Ricardi  Basse,  Hu- 
gonis  Briane,  pro  excessu  et  fine  xviii  d. 

De  Alicia,  vxore  Roberti  de  Chanountrys,  per  plegium 
Hugonis  Brian,  Iohannis  Fox,  xviii  d. 

De  Alicia  de  Staueley  per  plegium  Roberti  le  Souter, 
Radulphi  del  Clay,  xviii  d. 

1  Slight  discrepancies  in  addition  and  subtraction  are  not  uncommon. 

sm.  1.  Hundredum  de  Sallowe;  m.  2.  Hundredum  de  Repeindon;  m. 

4.  Hundredum  de  Wirkesworth. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  333  * 

De  Iohanna,  filia  Iohannis  Parker,  per  plegium  Wil- 
lelmi  filii  Willelmi,  Ricardi  filii  Galfridi,  xviii  d. 

Be  Petro  Esmond  per  plegium  predictorum  Willelmi 
et  Ricardi,  xviii  d. 

De  Roberto  atte  Water  per  plegium  Willelmi  Broun, 
Ricardi  Dawkyns,  xviii  d. 

De  Ricardo,  filio  Radulfi,  per  plegium  Roberti  atte 
Water,  Gregor ii  Dawkyns,  xviii  d. 

De  Magota  de  Codenouer  per  plegium  Ade  Isabell, 
Rogeri  de  Grene,  xviii  d. 

De  Willelmo,  filio  Willelmi  Gamel,  per  plegium  Petri 
Esmond,  Roberti  le  Souter,  ii  s. 

De  Petro  Abbot  de  Staueley  per  plegium  Willelmi  del 
Cotes,  Ricardi  Basse,  ii  s. 

De  Roberto  le  Ward  per  plegium  Willelmi  Brone, 
Roberti,  Willelmi  del  Loue,  ii  s. 

De  Roberto  Berchour  per  plegium  Roberti  de  Glappe- 
well,  Henrici  Bate,  ii  s. 

De  Willelmo  le  Barker  per  plegium  Willelmi  le  Bryth, 
Inrez  1  le  Reve,  xii  d. 

De  Ricardo  de  Chastershire  per  plegium  Rogeri  de 
Wyggeley  et  Rogeri  Caus,  xii  d. 

•  •••••••• 

De  Ricardo  Alebeyn,  sutore,  per  plegium  Willelmi 
Alcok  et  Thome  de  Kenworth,  iii  s. 

De  Rogero  de  Notingham  per  plegium  Thome  de 
Burgh  et  Willelmi,  filii  Iohannis,  iii  s. 

De  Thoma  de  Silkeston  per  plegium  predictorum,  ii  s. 

De  Willelmo  Maynard  de  Brenscle,  sutore,  per  ple¬ 
gium  Ade  de  Godham  et  Iohannis  de  Wodhous,  ii  s. 

De  Roberto  de  Neuwerk,  sutore,  per  plegium  Henrici 
Bate,  Iohannis  de  Sutton,  ii  s. 

De  Ricardo  de  Hulme,  laborario,  per  plegium  Thome 
Baret,  Elie  de  Newbolt,  xii  d. 


Perhaps  lurez. 


334 


APPENDIX 


* 


De  Iohanne  le  Plastrer,  laborer,  per  plegium  Iohannis 
le  Stedeman,  Willelmi  le  Walssh,  xii  d. 

De  Willelmo  Denne,  pistore,  per  plegium  Iohannis 
Heyne,  Willelmi  le  Walsh,  xl  d. 

De  Roberto,  filio  Roberti  Wayfeire,  per  predictum,  ii  s. 

De  Willelmo  le  Mulner,  pistore,  per  predictum,  ii  s. 

•  •*•••••• 

Summa  xxi  li.  v  s.  iiii  d.1 

Derby.  Second  collection  (continued). 

91/21. 2 

De  Beaureper  xxx  s.  Inde  xxv  s.  de  xva.  Et  v  s. 
de  excessibus  laborariorum. 

•  •••••••• 

De  Sallowe  xvii  s.  iii  d.  Inde  xv  s.  iii  d.  de  xva. 

De  excessu  laborariorum  ii  s. 

9i/22a.  A  file  of  210  acquittances. 

Hec  indentura  testatur  quod  Iohannes  de  Gresley  et 
socii  sui  collectores  xve  et  xe  secundi  anni  triennalium 
domino  Regi  in  comitatu  Derb’  concessarum  anno  regni 
sui  xxvt0  deliberauerunt  Thome  de  Odyam  de  Beureper 
v  s.  de  finibus  et  excessibus  seruiencium  et  laborariorum 
in  auxilium  xve  ville  de  Beureper. 

In  cuius  rei  testimonium  partes  predicte  sigilla  sua 
apposuerunt.  Data  apud  Derb’  die  Veneris  proximo 
post  festum  Sancti  Gregorii  anno  xxviii0. 

Hec  indentura  testatur  quod  Iohannes  de  Gresley  et 
socii  sui  collectores  xve  et  xe  triennalium  domino  Regi 
in  comitatu  Derb’  concessarum  anno  regni  sui  xxvt0 

1 A  slight  difference  between  this  sum  and  that  of  Lay  Subs.,  91/21; 
in  Accounts,  1 10/18  the  writing  is  so  small  and  so  faded  that  the  mistake 
is  very  likely  there. 

’See  app.,  330,  for  heading  and  for  the  whole  district  of  Scarnesdale;  I 
have  here  picked  out  two  small  districts  so  as  to  compare  them  with  the 
acquittances. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


335 


* 


deliberauerunt  Henrico  le  Fisch  de  Sallowe  ii  s.  de  fin- 
ibus  et  excessibus  seruiencium  et  laborariorum  in  aux- 
ilium  xve  villate  de  Sallowe. 

In  cuius  rei  testimonium  partes  predicte  sigilla  sua 
apposuerunt.  Data  apud  Derb’  die  Veneris  proximo 
post  festum  Sancti  Gregorii  anno  xxviii0.  (Seal.)  1 

VII.  Derby.  Third  collection. 

Enrolled  Subsidies,  14. 

(No  account  of  fines:)  eo  quod  tota  summa  dena- 
riorum  proueniencium  de  eisdem  finibus,  exitibus  et 
amerciamentis  per  ipsos  collectores  leuatis  liberata  fuit 
pro  vadiis  iusticiariorum  assignatorum  ad  huiusmodi 
seruientes,  operarios  et  alios  artifices  in  comitatu  pre- 
dicto  puniendos,  absque  eo  quod  aliqui  denarii  proueni- 
entes  de  eisdem  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  penes 
ipsos  collectores  remanent,  vt  dicunt  super  sacramentum 
suum  et  sicut  continetur  in  compoto  inde  in  thesauro 
liberato. 

Exchequer,  K.  R.,  Accounts,  1 10/21. 

m.  1.  Extracte  finium,  excessuum,  exituum  et  amerciamen- 
torum  forisfactorum  coram  Hugone  de  Meignill  et  sociis 
suis  iusticiariis  [domini  Regis]2  ad  statuta  de  operator- 
ibus  et  seruientibus  in  comitatu  Derb’  audienda  et  ter- 
minanda  assignatis,  [videlicet  die  Lune,  die  Martis,  die 
Mercurii,  die  Iouis,  die  Veneris  et  die  Sabbati  prout 
sessiones  fecerunt  in  diuersis  locis  dicti  comitatus  a 
festo  Sancti  Michaelis  archangeli  anno  regni  Regis  Ed- 
wardi  tercii  post  conquestum  xxvii0  vsque  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis  tunc  proxime  sequens,  videlicet,  in  tercio  anno 
triennalium  Regi  concessarum  anno  xxvt0].2 

.#•••••  •  • 


1  Cf.  app.,  276-277. 

aThe  portions  in  brackets  crossed  off  in  original. 


APPENDIX 


336  * 


m.  3.  Sallowe. 

(The  offence  is  ‘‘pro  excessu  et  fine.”) 

De  Willelmo  Tenerey  quia  non  venit.  iii  d. 

De  Simone  de  Grenhull  pro  simili.  iii  d. 

De  Willelmo  Ponge  quia  non  venit.  iii  d. 

De  Willelmo  Faunell  quia  non  venit.  iii  d. 

De  Iohanne  de  Offinton  quia  non  venit.  iii  d. 

De  Roberto  de  Thrumunton  quia  non  venit.  iii  d. 

De  Roberto  Waleys  quia  non  venit.  iii  d. 

De  Willelmo  Tybbald  quia  non  venit.  iii  d. 

De  Willelmo  Anot  quia  non  venit.  iii  d. 

De  Iohanne,  filio  Iohannis  et  Ada,  filio  Ricardi, 

quia  non  habent.  iiii  d. 

De  plegiis  Iohanne  et  Adam,  quia  non  habent.  iiii  d. 

De  Roberto  Gamell,  Willelmo  Faunell,  quia  non 

habent.  iiii  d. 

De  Ricardo  Sturdy,  Galfrido,  filio  eius,  quia  non 

habent.  iiii  d. 

De  Ricardo  Carter  et  Willelmo  Suter,  quia  non 

habent  dictum  Iohannem.1  iiii  d. 

De  predictis  Ricardo  et  Willelmo,  quia  non  ha¬ 
bent.  iiii  d. 

De  Petro  Sckot,  Willelmo,  filio  Ricardi,  quia  non 

habent.  iiii  d. 

De  Willelmo  Suter,  Ricardo,  filio  Adam,  quia  non 

habent.  iiii  d. 

De  Iohanne  North,  Ricardo  Suter,  quia  non  ha¬ 
bent.  iiii  d. 

Summa  oner'is  ii  s.  xi  d.  probatur. 


(Endorsement.) 

Summa  istorum  trium  rotulorum  tarn  infra  quam 
extra,  vbi  preponitur  litera  T  xxiii  li.  vi  s.  vii  d.  Quos 
computant  se  liberasse  iusticiariis  assignatis  ad  punien- 


1  /.  e.  Iohanne  de  Offinton,  supra. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


337* 

dum  seruientes,  operarios  et  alios  artifices  in  comitatu 
Derb’  per  quinque  breuia  de  magno  sigillo  Regis  et  tres 
litefas  acquietancie  dictorum  iusticiariorum  receptas  et 
liberacionem  predictam  testificantes,  sicut  continetur  in 
compoto  dictorum  collectorum  inde  in  thesauro  liberato. 
Qui  quidem  compotus  remanet  in  custodia  ingrossa- 
toris.1 

VIII.  Essex.  First  collection. 

107/41. 

Essex’ 

Particule  compoti  Lionis  de  Bradenham  et  Iohannis  de 
Depeden,  collectorum  [etc.]. 

Hundredum  de  Tendryng. 

De  villata  de  Bradefeld  xliiii  s.  iii  d.  ob.  q. 

vnde  xva  iiii  s.  iii  d.  ob.  q.  fines  operariorum  xl  s. 

Hundredum  de  Lexeden.  2 

•  •••••  •• 

De  villa  de  Coppeford  li  s.  vi  d.  ob.  qa. 

vnde  xva  xxi  s.  vi  d.  ob.  qa.  fines  operariorum  xxx  s. 
breue  De  villa  de  Teye  Magna  cxi  s.  iii  d.  qa. 

de  finibus  operariorum  eiusdem  ville.  (vnde  de  xva 
bonorum  Iohannis  fitz  Wauter  in  eadem  villa  xiiii  s.) 
De  villa  de  Fordham  lv  s.  vii  d. 

de  finibus  operariorum  eiusdem  ville. 

De  villa  de  Bures  ad  Montem  xxiiii  s.  i  d.  ob. 

de  finibus  operariorum  eiusdem  ville. 

De  villa  de  Colne  Alba  xxxv  s.  i  d.  qa. 

vnde  xva  xx  s.  i  d.  qa.  fines  operariorum  xv  s. 
xa  De  burgo  Colcestr’  cum  hamelettis  de  Lexeden’,  Mi- 
breue  lande,  Grynsted  et  Westdonyland. 

xxvi  li.  ii  s.  ix  d.  de  finibus  laborariorum  eiusdem 

1  Most  of  the  entries  have  the  letter  “  T  ”  before  them;  others  (but 
fewer)  have  a  small  “e.” 

‘'Last  six  entries  in  this  hundred. 


338  * 


APPENDIX 


burgi  quia  nichil  de  xva  et  xa.  [vnde  xiiii  s.  pro 
bonis  Iohannis  fitz  Wauter  in  Lexeden.]  1 

Exchequer,  K.  R.,  Accounts,  no/16.2 

Extracte  finium,  exituum  et  amerciamentorum  factorum 
coram  Iohanne  de  Sutton  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis 
ad  diuersas  felonias  et  excessus  laborariorum  in  comitatu 
Essex’  audiendos  et  terminandos  assignatis  anno  regni  Regis 
Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  xxvt0. 

Hundredum  de  Tendryng. 

Villata  de  Bradefeld. 


De  Ricardo  le  Ferour  pro  eodem  (i.  e.  de  fine 


pro  excessu) 

V 

s. 

De  Willelmo  Welybetyn  pro  eodem 

V 

s. 

De  Stephano  Adekyn 

1 1 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Thoma  Adekyn 

(t 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Rogero  Alfreyd 

u 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Gosscelina  atte  Nassh 

a 

•  • 

11 

s. 

De  Iuota,  sorore  dicte  Gossceline  pro  eodem 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Dionisio  Balton  pro  eodem 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Clemente  Welybete  pro  eodem 

•  • 

Xll 

d._ 

De  Mabilla  Maykyn 

t( 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Waltero  Welybete 

a 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Iohanne  Oralle 

a 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Christina  Balton 

(( 

•  • 

Xll 

d. 

De  Iohanne  le  Thecche 

a 

•  • 

11 

s. 

De  Agnete  Brok 

u 

vi 

d. 

De  Hugone  Balton 

<( 

xl  d. 

De  Hugone  Welybete 

it 

•  • 

11 

s. 

Summa  xxix  s.  x  d. 

probatur. 

^he  portion  in  brackets  crossed  out  in 

original. 

2  This  exceedingly  voluminous  and  very  valuable  account  was  discov¬ 
ered  out  of  its  proper  place  by  Professor  Edwin  F.  Gay. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  339  * 

Hundredum  de  Lexeden. 

Villata  de  Teye  Magna. 

(54  names;  largest  amount  10  s.) 

Summa  cxii  s.  viii  d.  probatur. 

•  •••••  •  « 

Villata  de  Copford. 

(30  names;  largest  amount  40  d.) 

Summa  xliii  s.  viii  d.  probatur. 

•  *••••  •« 

Villata  de  Fordham. 

(34  names;  largest  amount  5  s.) 

Summa  lvii  s.  ii  d. 

•  •••••  •  • 

Villata  de  Burus  ad  Montem. 

(14  names;  largest  amount  40  d.) 

Summa  xxx  s.  probatur. 

•  ••••••• 

Villata  Colcestr’ 

(275  names;  largest  amount  20  s.) 

Hameletta  de  Cole’ 

(30  names;  largest  amount  20  s.) 

Hameletta  de  Grensted. 

(4  names;  largest  amount  40  d.) 

Hameletta  de  Milland. 

(8  names;  largest  amount  40  d.) 

Hameletta  de  Westdonyland. 

(2  names;  largest  amount  5  s.) 

XX 

P  ••••  •••  1  •  •••  ••••  4  1 

Summa  1111  111  li.  vm  s.  1111  d. 

•  •••••  •• 
Summa  totalis  finium  laborariorum  deexix  li.  x  s.  De  qua 
quidem  summa  liberatur  diuersis  villis  in  diuersis  hundredis 
per  discrecionem  iusticiariorum  et  aliorum  iuratorum  in  aleu- 
iacionem  xe  et  xve  per  collectores  earundem  xe  et  xve  ob 
causam  paupertatis  et  inopie  post  pestilenciam  accidentum 
summa  denariorum  subscripta  2  vt  inferius  patet. 


Camlets  included. 


2 This  word  is  faded  and  doubtful. 


APPENDIX 


340* 

(Note  at  end  of  account.) 

Summa  distribucionum  villatarum  supradictarum  de  denariis 
operariorum  per  discrecionem  iusticiariorum  dclxxv  li.  xi  s. 
Et  in  vadia  iusticiariorum  per  diuersas  sessiones  et  diuersa 
tempora  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum 
vicesimo  sexto,  videlicet,  domini  Iohannis  de  Sutton,  vnius  ius- 
ticiarii,  xiiil  li.  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  per  xliiii  dies  capientis  per  diem 
vi  s.  viii  d. ;  domini  Iohannis  de  Coggeshale,  alius  iusticiarii, 
xvi  li.  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  per  1  dies  capientis  per  diem  vi  s.  viii  d. ; 
et  Robert!  de  Teye,  alterius  iusticiarii,  xii  li.  x  s.  per  1  dies 
capientis  per  diem  vs.;  vt  patet  per  indenturam  inter  predictos 
iusticiarios  et  dictos  collectores  inde  factam  dictos  denarios  tes- 
tificantem. 

Summa  vadiorum  xliii  li.  xvi  s.  viii  d.  Summa  totalis  con- 
iuncta  dccxix  li. 

Et  debent  ii  s.  iiii  d. 


IX.  Herts.  First  collection. 

120/29. 

Particule  compoti  Iohannis  de  Chilterne,  Iohannis  Galwe  et 
Willelmi  atte  Hoo  de  Ware,  collectorum  [etc.]. 


Hundredum  de  Hertford. 

Tax  .... 

De  Berkhamstede  Parua 

Hundredum  de  Braugh. 

De  Westmuln 
De  Braugh 
De  Stondon 
De  Honisdon 
De  Stanstude 
De  Estwyk 
De  Wideford 
De  Ware 
De  Godeleston 
De  Thorleye 


Iiii  s.  v  d.  ob. 


lii  s.  i  d.  q. 
v  li.  vii  s.  ii  d.  q. 
ix  li.  xiii  s.  viii  d. 

1111  li.  111  s.  via  d. 

Ixvii  s.  x  d. 

xxxii  s.  vi  d. 

xxviii  s.  vii  d. 

xii  li.  xvii  s.  iiii  d.  ob. 

xxxvi  s. 

lxx  s.  iii  d.  q. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


341  * 


De  Sabrichisworth 
Burgus  de  Storteford 
De  Wicham  hamletta 


ix  li.  ix  s.  x  d.  ob, 
ix  li.  xii  s.  v  d.  ob,  q, 
xxxix  s.  viii  d,  ob,  q. 


Summa  totalis  hundredi  lxvii  li.  xi  s,  iii  d,  q, 
probatur. 


Particule  compoti  Iohannis  de  Chilterne,  Iohannis  Gaiwe  et 
Willelmi  atte  Hoo  de  Ware,  collectorum  xve  et  xe  triennalium 
Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxvt0  concessarum  in  comitatu  Hertford', 
videlicet,  de  denariis  prouenientibus  de  finibus  operariorum  et 
aliorum  artificum  in  comitatu  predicto. 

Appor-  Hundredum  de  Hertford. 

tionment  ........ 


Willelmo  de  Berenden  subcollectori  xve  ville  de 


Berkhamstede  Parua. 


xi  s. 


Hundredum  de  Brath. 

Galfrido  Ball  et  Iohanni  Milis  subcollectori  bus 
xve  villate  de  Westmull  x  s.  vi  d, 

Radulfo  atte  Water e  et  Roberto  Cosin  subeollec- 
toribus  xve  villate  de  Brathing 

xxii  s. 

Iohanni  Strode  et  Henrico  Baldewell  subcollec- 
toribus  xve  villate  de  Stondon 

xxxiii  s.  viii  d, 

Thome  Bacon  et  Iohanni  Makewiliam  subcoi- 
lectoribus  xve  villate  de  Honisdon 

xvi  s.  ix  d, 

Willelmo,  Roberto  et  Willelmo  Rokisburwe  sub- 
collectoribus  xve  villate  de  Stanstede 

xiii  s.  vi  d. 

Iohanni  Germayn  subcollectori  xve  villate  de 
Estwyk  vi  s.  vi  d. 

Iohanni  le  Taylour  subcollectori  xve  villate  de 
Wydeford  v  s.  vii  d. 


342 


APPENDIX 


* 

Thome  de  Godisfeld  et  Iohanni  atte  Watere 
subcollectoribus  xve  villate  de  Ware 

v  li. 

Iohanni  Panel  et  Nicholao  Deyere  subcollector¬ 
ibus  xve  villate  de  Gudliston 

viii  s. 

Waltero  Baldewyn  et  Roberto  Bole  subcollec¬ 
toribus  xve  villate  de  Thorleye 

xv  s. 

Heli  Herebard  et  Roberto  Rome  subcollectoribus 
xe  hamelette  de  Wykham  viii  s. 

Summa  xi  li.  xix  s.  vi  d.  probatur.1 
X.  Herts.  Second  collection. 

120/30.  A  file  of  30  or  40  indentures;  to  be  compared  with 
the  tax  for  the  first  collection  for  the  corresponding  districts; 
see  app.,  340. 

Hec  indentura  testatur  quod  Radulfus  Cressy  et  Iohannes  de 
Chilterne,  taxatores  et  collectores  secundi  anni  xve  et  xe  domino 
Regi  anno  regni  sui  Anglie  xxvto  in  comitatu  Hertford'  con- 
cessarum,  liberauerunt  Willelmo  Werden  subtaxatori  et  sub- 
collectori  eiusdem  xve  villate  de  Berkhampsted  Parua,  de 
secundo  anno  predicto,  quatuor  solidos  et  sex  denarios  de  fin- 
ibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  prouenientibus  de  extractis 
exituum  et  amerciamentorum  diuersorum  operariorum,  labor- 
ariorum  et  artificum  factorum  coram  Waltero  de  Mauny  et 
sociis  suis  iusticiariis  dicti  domini  Regis  in  comitatu  predicto 
de  huiusmodi  operariis,  laborariis  et  artificibus  prouenientium  2 
in  auxilium  solucionis  xve  predicte  eandem  villatam  contin- 
gentis. 

1  Cf.  also  Lay  Subs.,  120/31,  Herts.;  it  contains  a  file  of  writs  to 
the  collectors  of  this  same  collection  directing  them  to  pay  the  justices' 
wages  and  a  file  of  receipts  from  the  justices,  similar  to  those  for  Derby; 
app.,  276-277. 

!  MS.  proueniend. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


343* 

Data  apud  Sanctum  Albanum  die  Sabbati  proximo  post  fes- 
tum  Purificacionis  beate  Marie,  anno  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
post  conquestum  Anglie  xxviii0. 

XI.  Kent.  First  collection. 

123/24. 

Particule  compoti  Symonis  de  Lee,  Iohannis  Champayne  et 
Willelmi  de  Wyghtrishamme,  collectorum  [etc.]. 


Lastus  de  Shypweye. 

Tax  Hundredum  Sancti  Martini. 

De  Symone  Dolsely  v  s. 

De  Iohanne  Godwerk  v  s. 

De  Stephano  Thomelyn  iii  s. 

De  Roberto  Sampson  vi  s. 

De  Laurencio,  filio  Iohannis  Maheu,  xviii  d. 
De  Iohanne  Landriche  iii  s. 


(33  more  names;  amounts  vary  between  6  s. 
and  is.) 

Summa  ciiii  s.  viii  d. 

•  ••••••• 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  ciiii  s.  viii  d. 
preter  liiii  s.  laborariorum. 

Hundredum  de  Langeport. 

•  •  •  •  •  •  •  • 
Summa  xv  s.  vi  d. 

•  ••••••• 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  xv  s.  vi  d.  preter 
ii  s.  laborariorum. 

Hundredum  de  Allow esbr egg. 

•  ••••••• 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  xv  li.  ii  s.  i  d.  ob. 
qa.  preter  xxxix  s.  laborariorum. 

•  ••••••« 

Hundredum  de  Newecherch. 


344 


APPENDIX 


* 


Summa  forisfacturarum  xiii  li.  xi  s.  vi  d.  ob.  qa, 
preter  xxxv  s.  laborariorum. 

•  •  •  •  •  •  •  • 

Hundredum  de  Stontyng. 

•  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  • 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  ix  li.  v  s.  x  d.  ob. 
qa.  preter  xxv  s.  de  laborariis. 

•  ••••  •  ♦  • 

Hundredum  de  Lombergh. 

•  ••••  •  •  • 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  xxvi  li.  xix  s.  xi 
d.  ob  qa.  preter  lx  s.  laborariorum. 
«••••••• 

Hundredum  de  Hean. 

•  ••••••• 

Summa  forisfacturarum  iii  li.  xii  s.  iii  d.  ob.  qa. 
preter  xxxvii  s.  laborariorum. 

•  ••••  •  •  • 

Hundredum  de  Bircholte. 

•  ••••••• 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  iiii  li.  xvii  s.  viii  d. 
qa.  preter  xiii  s.  laborariorum. 

•  ••••  ••• 

Hundredum  de  Hamme. 

•  ••••••• 

Summa  viii  li.  ix  s.  ii  d.  cum  xviii  s.  ii  d.  labor¬ 
ariorum. 

*••••••• 

Hundredum  de  Worth. 

•  ••••••• 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  vi  li.  xi  s.  iii  d.  qa„ 
preter  xli  s.  ii  d.  laborariorum. 


Hundredum  de  Oxene. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


345'* 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  xiii  li.  xix  s.  ix  d. 
preter  xxxvi  s.  laborariorum. 

•  ••••••• 

Hundredum  de  Folkestane. 

•  «•••••• 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  xxxiii  li.  iii  s.  i  d. 
qa.  preter  vi  li.  iiii  s.  laborariorum. 
«••••••• 

Hundredum  de  Strete. 

•  ••••••• 

Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  xi  li.  iii  s.  v  d.  ob. 
qa.  preter  xxxix  s.  laborariorum. 

•  «•••«•• 
Summa  totalis  forisfacturarum  ipsius  lasti 
clxxviii  li.  xx  d. 

Summa  v  portuum  lxv  li.  iiii  s.  iii  d.  ob.  qa. 
Summa  religiosorum  lxv  s. 

Summa  monetariorum  iiii  s. 

Summa  tocius  lasti  ccxlvi  li.  xv  s.  cum  xxvi 
li.  iii  s.  iiii  d.  laborariorum.1 

Aporciacio  de  finibus  et  amerciamentis  diuersorum 
laborariorum  et  artificum  in  comitatu  Kane’  facta 
per  Henricum  de  Valoyns,  militem,  Nicholaum  de 
Sandwico,  militem,  Thomam  Chicche,  militem,  Io- 
Appor-  hannem  de  Cobeham,  militem  ac  alios  militum  et 
tionment  proborum  hominum  communitatis  comitatus  Kane' 
predicti  per  assencionem  comitis  Huntyngdon’  et 
sociorum  suorum  2  iusticiariorum  etc. 

Lastus  de  Shippeweye. 

Hundredum  Sancti  Martini  liiii  s. 

Hundredum  de  Langeporte  ii  s. 

xThe  separate  hundreds  have  each  “summa  v  portuum”  entered 
after  their  own  sum,  and  then  “summa  coniuncta.” 

2  MS.  suis. 


346* 


APPENDIX 


Hundredum  de  Allowesbregg 
Hundredum  de  Oxene 
Hundredum  de  Lonybrgh 
Hundredum  de  Stontyng 
Hundredum  de  Heen 
Hundredum  de  Strete 
Hundredum  de  Worth 
Hundredum  de  Newecherch 
Hundredum  de  Bircholte 
Hundredum  de  Hamme 
Hundredum  de  Folkstane 


XXXIX  s. 


XXXVI  s. 

lx  s. 


XXV  s. 

xxxvii  s. 
xxxix  s. 
xli  s.  ii  d. 
xxxv  s. 
xiii  s. 

xviii  s.  ii  d. 
•  «  •  •  •  •  • 

VI  ll.  1111  s. 


XII.  |  Lancaster.  Third  collection. 

130/26. 

(Heading  wanting.  Described  in  official  catalogue  as  of 
doubtful  date  but  as  probably  belonging  to  Edw.  Ill  because 
of  character. 

The  following  note  at  end  proves  that  it  belongs  to  this 
subsidy : 

Infra  quam  summam  continentur  - 1  seruientium  et 

artificum  particulariter  distributa  et  liberata  diuersis  burgis  et 
villatis - attachiatur. 

Enrolled  Subsidies,  14,  shows  that  only  for  the  third  col¬ 
lection  of  the  grant  of  1352  were  the  penalties  accounted  for. 

The  heading  of  the  district  of  Derbyshire  is  torn  off,  and  also 
the  names  of  the  first  three  places;  a  comparison  with  130/25, 
containing  the  account  of  an  earlier  grant  of  Edw.  Ill,  makes 
it  safe  to  supply  the  missing  names  as  follows:  2) 


•  •  •  •  «  • 

1111  li. 

lx  s. 

xxv  s. 

xlviii  s. 


De  Crosseby  Magna 
De  Knouselegh 


1  Badly  torn. 

*1  am  indebted  to  Miss  M.  T.  Martin  for  this  information. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


34 7* 

De  Hagh  ix  s. 

De  Hyndelegh  xx  s.  N 

^  •  •  •  •  «  •  • 

130/21. 

Particule  compoti  Willelmi  de  Clifton  et  Willelmi  de  Hes- 
keyth,  collectorum  tercii  anni  xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi  a 
laicis  anno  xxvt0  in  comitatu  Lane’  concessarum,  videlicet  de 
finibus  pro  excessibus  et  amerciamentis  diuersorum  opera- 
riorum,  seruientium  et  artificum  factis  coram  Iohanne  de 
Haueryngton,  Willelmo  Laurence  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  as- 
signatis  in  comitatu  predicto  ad  puniendum  huiusmodi  opera- 
rios,  seruientes  et  artifices  pro  excessibus,  annis  xxvi°  xxvii° 
et  xxviii0  particulariter  distributis  et  liberatis  burgis  et  villatis 
infrascriptis,  in  auxilium  solucionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum.  Et 
de  quibus  quidem  finibus  et  amerciamentis  nichil  fuit  prius  dis- 
tributum,  solutum  vel  liberatum  villatis  infrascriptis  in  auxil¬ 
ium  solucionis  primi  vel  secundi  anni  earundem  xve  et  xe. 

Derbyshire. 

Willelmo,  filio  Ricardi  et  Willelmo  le  Clerk,  subcollectoribus 
xme  trienalis  burgi  de  Wygan  Regi  concesse  in  ducatu  Lane’ 
anno  xxvto  in  auxilium,  videlicet,  solucionis  xarum  predictarum 
dictum  burgum  contingentium,  videlicet,  pro  dicta  xma  trienali 
[ad  quam  prius  non  habuit  allocacionem]  1  cui  prius  nichil  solu¬ 
tum  fuit  sicut  supraposita  de  aliquibus  finibus  vel  amercia¬ 
mentis  seruientium,  operariorum  vel  artificum  xii  d. 

Alexandro  Comyn  et  Willelmo,  filio  Ade,  subcollectoribus  xe 
predicte  burgi  de  Lyuerpull,  in  auxilio  solucionis  xarum  predic¬ 
tarum  ix  li. 

Willelmo  Modersoule  et  Roberto  del  Toun,  subcollectoribus 
xve  predicte  villate  de  Knouselegh,  in  auxilio  solucionis  xvarum 
predictarum  xlii  s.  x  d. 

Iohanni  le  Walker  et  Ricardo  Brommegh,  subcollectoribus 
xve  predicte  villate  de  Hagh,  in  auxilio  solucionis  xvarum  pre¬ 
dictarum  vi  s. 

^he  portion  in  brackets  crossed  through  in  the  original. 


348* 


APPENDIX 


Ade,  filio  Rogeri  et  Ade,  filio  Ricardi,  subcollectoribus  xve 
predicte  villate  de  Hyndelegh,  in  auxilio  solucionis  xvarum  pre- 
dictarum  xxiii  s.  iii  d.  ob. 


XIII.  J  Lincoln,  Holand.  Second  collection. 

135/53- 

(Described  in  the  official  catalogue  as  of  doubtful  date,  but 
probably  of  the  reign  of  Edw.  III.  The  penalties  prove  that 
it  is  the  grant  of  1352;  the  names  of  the  collectors  are  the 
same  as  in  Enrolled  Subs.,  14,  for  the  second  collection.) 


Particule  compoti  Willelmi  de  Surflete  de  Gosberkirk  et  Io- 
hannis  de  Luttelbury,  collectorum  xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi 
a  laicis  anno  xxv°  in  partibus  Holand  in  comitatu  Lincoln’ 
concessarum,  videlicet,  de  secundo  anno  solucionis  earundem. 


De  villata  de  Wrangil 
De  villata  de  Leke 
De  villata  de  Leuirton 

De  villata  de  Benington 

De  villata  de  Bolerwike 

De.  villata  de  Freston 

De  villata  de  Tofte 

De  villata  de  Skirbecke 

De  villata  de  Sancto 
Botolpho 


xv  li.  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  Inde  de  xva  x  li. 

xiii  s.  iiii  d.  Et  de  excessu  c  s. 
xxi  li.  Inde  de  xva  xviii  li.  x  s. 
Et  de  excessu  1  s. 

xiii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  Inde  de  xva  xii 
li.  vii  s.  vi  d.  Et  de  excessu  xix 
s.  ii  d. 

xiv  li.  Inde  de  xva  xii  li.  vii  s.  iiii  d. 
Et  de  excessu  xxxii  s.  viii  d. 

vi  li.  Inde  de  xva  cxiii  s.  Et  de 
excessu  vii  s. 

xi  li.  xv  s.  Inde  de  xva  x  li.  xvii  s. 
iii  d.  Et  de  excessu  xviii  d. 

x  li.  Inde  de  xva  ix  li.  xii  s.  vi  d. 
Et  de  excessu  vii  s.  vi  d. 

xi  li.  Inde  de  xva  x  li.  xiii  s.  x  d. 
Et  de  excessu  vi  s.  ii  d. 

lxxiii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  Inde  de  xva 
lxvii  li.  xvi  s.  viii  d.  Et  de  ex¬ 
cessu  cx  s. 


Summa  clxxvi  li.  xx  d. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  349  * 

XIV.  Lincoln,  Kesteven.  Second  collection. 

135/57- 

Particule'  compoti  Roberti  Vlf  de  Grantham,  Iohannis  de 
Tame  de  Gretford  et  Iohannis  Slony  de  Sleford  pro  se  et  Ri¬ 
cardo  de  Hebden,  collectoribus  [etc.]. 

Vffington  cum  Casewyk  xi  li.  x  s.  vi  d.  Inde  de  xva  xi  li. 

iii  s.  x  d.  Et  de  excessu  vi  s. 


Langetoft 

viii  d. 

xi  li.  xiiii  s.  x  d.  q.  Inde  de  xva 
xi  li.  iiii  s.  x  d.  qa.  Et  de  ex¬ 
cessu  x  s. 

Talyngton 

ix  li.  iiii  d.  Inde  de  xva  viii  li.  x  s. 
iiii  d.  Et  de  excessu  x  s. 

Brasyngburn  cum 
Branthorp 

iiii  li.  xvi  s.  vi  d.  Inde  de  xva  iiii 
li.  viii  s.  i  d.  Et  de  excessu  viii 
s.  v  d. 

•  •  • 

Baston 

•  ••••• 

viii  li.  xvi  s.  iiii  d.  ob.  Inde  de  xva 
vii  li.  vi  s.  iiii  d.  ob.  Et  de  ex¬ 
cessu  xxx  s. 

•  •  • 

By  thorp  cum  Vseby 

lx  s.  iiii  d.  Inde  [de]  xva  1  s.  iiii  d. 
Et  de  excessu  laborariorum  x  s. 

•  •  « 

Mylnethorp 

«••••• 

lxxiiii  s.  Inde  [de]  xva  lx  s.  viii  d. 
Et  de  excessu  xiii  s.  iiii  d. 

•  •  • 

Repyngale 

•  »»••• 

xi  li.  x  s.  vi  d.  Inde  de  xva  xi  li. 
vi  d.  Et  de  excessu  x  s. 

XV.  Lincoln,  Lindsey. 

Third  collection. 

135/58- 

Particule  compoti  Willelmi  de  Belesby,  Gilberti  Day  et  Wil- 
lelmi  Wasselyn,  collectorum  [etc.]. 


APPENDIX 


350* 

Braddele. 


ix  li.  xiv  s.  v  d.  Et  totum  de 
denariis  laborariorum  per 
breue  domini  Regis, 
lxxviii  s.  ii  d.  Inde  de  denariis 
laborariorum  1  s.  iii  d.  de  xva 
xxviii  s. 

cvii  s.  ii  d.  q.  Inde  de  denariis 
laborariorum  xl  s.  de  xva 
Ixvii  s.  ii  d.  qa. 
de  xa  cxii  s.  x  d.  Inde  de  de¬ 
nariis  laborariorum. 
xxxi  s.  i  d.  Inde  de  denariis 
laborariorum  xii  s.  de  xva 
xix  s. 

xxiii  s.  ii  d.  Inde  de  denariis 
laborariorum  xii  s.  de  xva 
xi  s.  ii  d. 

iiii  li.  xii  s.  vi  d.  ob.  Inde  de 
denariis  laborariorum  xxv  s. 
de  xa  lvii  s.  vi  d.  ob. 

Summa  huius  wappentachii  xxxi  li.  xix  s.  iiii  d.  ob. 
Inde  de  denariis  laborariorum  xvii  li.  xiii  s.  viii  d. 

(The  above  account  lacks  the  wapentake  of  Hill,  but  in 
135/72,  a  bundle  of  undated  fragments,  there  is  a  loose  mem¬ 
brane  containing  an  account  for  this  wapentake,  with  the  pen¬ 
alties  arranged  exactly  as  in  the  above  extract,  evidently  the 
missing  portion.) 

Wappentachium  de  Hill. 

■  ••••••* 

Summa  xve  huius  wappentachii  xxiii  li.  iii  s.  iiii  d.  ob. 
Inde  de  denariis  laborariorum  vi  li.  xiii  s.  vi  d. 


Breue  De  villata  de 

Grymesby  de  xa 

De  villata  de  Castre 
de  xa 

De  villata  de  South- 
kellesey  de  xa 

De  villatis  de  Cade- 
nay  et  Hansom 

De  villata  de  Gris- 
seby  de  xa 

De  villata  de  Hat¬ 
ton  de  xa 

De  villata  de  North- 
kellesey  de  xa 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


351 


* 


XVI.  |  Middlesex.  First  collection. 

141/19. 

(Described  in  official  catalogue  as  of  doubtful  date;  either 
Edw.  Ill  or  H.  VI.  The  note  at  end  of  account  shows  that  it 
belongs  to  this  grant;  while  the  total  amount  of  penalties,  as 
well  as  the  names  of  the  collectors,  as  far  as  they  can  be  de¬ 
ciphered,  are  duplicated  in  Enrolled  Subs.,  14,  for  this  col¬ 
lection.) 

Particule  compoti - 1  Pounz  et  Simonis  - - 

Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxvto  in  comitatu  Midd’  concessarum,  vide¬ 
licet,  de - xve  et  xe. 

•  •••••••  • 

Hundredum  de  Oselneston. 

De  villata  de  Hakeneye  2  xiii  li.  xviii  s.  viii  d.  ob. 

De  villata  de  Fulham  xi  li.  vii  s.  v  d. 

De  villatis  de  Westsmeth- 
efeld,  Stokeneuton,  Isel- 
don,  Fynesbury  et  Shor- 
dich  xviii  li.  ix  s.  q. 


•  •••••••  • 

(Note  at  end:) 

Infra  quas  summas  continentur  cxlvi  li.  iiii  s.  x  d.  de  ex- 
cessibus  et  finibus  pro  eisdem  excessibus  factis  per  diuersos 
laborarios,  operarios  et  artifices  coram  Iohanne  Bray  et  sociis 
suis  iusticiariis  ad  inquirendum  de  diuersis  feloniis  et  ad  di¬ 
uersos  transgressiones  et  excessus  laboratorum,  artificum,  serr 
uitorum  et  ad  alia  in  commissione  Regis  contenta  audienda  et 
terminanda  assignatis  anno  xxvt0.  De  quibus  respice  in  rotulo 
sequenti. 

Exchequer,  K.  R.,  Accounts,  110/34. 

No  heading. 

Hundredum  de  Ouselston. 

Item  computantes  liberauerunt  Willelmo  Salman  et  Nicholao 

1The  blanks  represent  faded  words. 

s  On  the  margin  of  the  original  the  sums  paid  by  individuals  are  noted. 


352 


APPENDIX 


* 


Forster,  subcollectoribus  xve  et  xe  villate  de  Hakeneye,  in  auxil- 
ium  solucionis  predictarum  xve  et  xe  eiusdem  villate  de  finibus, 
excessubus  et  amerciamentis  laborariorum  et  aliorum  artificum 
in  comitatu  predicto  forisfactis  per  indenturam  cxviii  s.  v  d. 

Item  liberauerunt  Iohanni  Dawe  et  Willelmo  Knot,  subcol¬ 
lectoribus  villate  de  Foulham,  in  auxilium  solucionis  earundem 
xve  et  xe  de  finibus  et  excessubus  predictis  per  indenturam 
1111  li.  xvi  s.  vm  d. 

Item  liberauerunt  Petro  atte  Gate  et  Iohanni  Flaunden,  sub¬ 
collectoribus  villatarum  de  Westsmethefeld,  Stokeneuton,  Isel- 
don,  Fynesbury  et  Shordich  de  finibus  et  excessubus  predictis 
per  indenturam  vii  li.  xvi  s.  x  d. 

•  *••••••  • 

Summa  hundredi  lxii  li.  x  s.  vi  d. 

Summa  totalis  cxlvi  li.  iiii  s.  x  d. 

XVII.  Norfolk.  First  collection. 

149/33- 

Particule  compoti  lohannis  de  Coleby,  militis,  Iohannis  de 
Plales,  militis  et  Edmundi  Noon,  collectorum  [etc.].1 


Hundredum  de  Gildecross. 

De  Garboldesham 

vm  li. 

tt 

Snareshull 

xl  s. 

tt 

Kemhale 

lxx  s. 

it 

Estherling 

vii  li. 

a 

Ridelesworth 

1111  li. 

a 

Lepham 

cxii  s. 

tt 

Catesthorp 

1  s. 

a 

W  estherling 

lxx  s. 

a 

Blouerton 

1  s. 

tt 

Russheworth 

1111  h. 

tt 

Quidenham 

•  •  •  •  «  * 
1111  li. 

tt 

Banham 

1111  li. 

tt 

Media  Herling 

xl  s. 

Summa  hundredi  lii  li.  xii  s. 


1  In  this  heading  “  Edwardi  tercii  ”  is  mentioned. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


353 


* 


Particule  compoti  Iohannis  de  Colby,  collectoris  xve  et  xmc 
in  comitatu  NorfF,  de  denar iis  prouenientibus  de  excessibus 
seruientium;  operariorum  et  artificum,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 
eorundem  in  comitatu  predicto  et  liberatis  diuersis  villatis  et 
burgis  in  subuencionem  xve  et  xe  vt  inferius  patet. 


Appor-  Villata  de  Qwydenham 
tionment.  Villata  de  Banham 

Villata  de  Garboldesham 
Villata  de  Lopham 
Villata  de  Estherlyng 
Villata  de  Westherlyng 
Villata  de  Redelisworth 


ix  s.  viii  d. 

xii  d. 

xv  s.  viii  d. 

viii  d. 

♦  •  • 

111  s. 
vi  d. 

ii  s.  vii  d.  ob. 


XVIII.  Norfolk.  Second  collection. 

149/35- 

NorfF  De  quindena,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  con- 
questu  xxviimo. 


Happingg. 

Stalham 

Catefelde 

Hapisburgh 

Horseye 

Ludham 

Potterehegham 


ix  li.  Inde  soluti  de  xvft  vi  li.  xix  s. 
vi  d.  et  de  excessu  xx  s.  vi  d. 

vi  li.  xiiii  s.  Inde  soluti  de  xva  vi  li. 
ix  s.  ix  d.  et  de  excessu  iiii  s.  iii  d. 

ix  li.  x  s.  qa.  Inde  soluti  de  xva  viii  li. 

viii  s.  iii  d.  et  de  excessu  iiii  s.  iii  d. 
xlviii  s.  iiii  d.  et  de  excessu  nichil. 

vii  li.  xv  s.  Inde  soluti  de  xva  vii  li. 
vi  s.  et  de  excessu  ix  s. 

cv  s.  Inde  soluti  de  xva  ciiii  s.  iiii  d. 
et  de  excessu  viii  d. 


Weppwade. 

Bonewelle  vi  li.  Inde  soluti  de  xva  v  li.  xvii  s. 

iiii  d.  et  de  excessu  xx  d. 
cxiiii  s.  Inde  soluti  de  xva  cxii  s.  iiii  d. 
et  de  excessu  xx  d. 


Multone 


APPENDIX 


354* 

Waketone  xlvi  s.  viii  d.  Inde  soluti  de  xva  xlv  s. 

et  de  excessu  xii  d. 

•  •••••••• 

Strattone  vi  li.  x  s.  Inde  soluti  de  xva  vi  li.  iiii  s. 

et  de  excessu  vi  s. 

(Note  at  end:  Total  penalties  xxii  li.  xix  s.  x  d. 

Enrolled  Subsidies,  14,  shows  a  larger  sum.) 

XIX.  Norfolk.  Third  collection. 

149/34- 

NorfF  Particule  compoti  Hugonis  Peuerel  et  Roberti  del 
Parke  et  sociorum  suorum,  collectorum  [etc.]. 

Lodne. 


Loudene 

x  li.  ix  s.  ix  d. 

Vnde  de  xva  x  li.  xxii  d.  ob. 
de  exitibus  labararium  vii  s. 

• 

x  d.  ob. 

Hardelee 

lx  s. 

Vnde  de  xva  lvii  s.  ii  d.  q. 
de  labarariis  ii  s.  ix  d.  ob.  q. 

Langele 

cx  s.  ii  d. 

Vnde  de  xva  iiii  li.  v  s.  iiii  d.  q. 
et  de  exitibus  xxiiii  s.  ix  d. 
ob.  q. 

Mundham 

cx  s.  vi  d. 

Vnde  de  xva  v  li.  ix  s. 
et  de  exitibus  xviii  d. 

XX.  Oxford.  Third  collection. 

161/28. 

Particule  compoti  Iohannis  Crok,  Iohannis  Mundy  de  Wode- 
stok  et  Iohannis  de  Croxford,  collectorum  [etc.]. 


Hundredum  de  Thame. 

Noua  Thame 

Villata  de  Tetesworth 

Villata  de  Ascote 

Villata  de  Morton  et  Atindon 


H«  •  •  •  •  •  j 

.  111  s.  vin  d. 
lxxix  s.  iii  d. 

lv  s.  viii  d. 

••••«•  •••  •  | 
1111  li.  xvni  s.  xi  d. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


355 


* 


Villata  de  Midelton  Magna  et 
Parua 

Viljata  de  Waterstoke 
Villata  de  Vetere  Thame 
Villata  de  Weston 


viii  li.  ii  s.  x  d. 

m*  •  •  •  4 

s.  1111  d. 
lxviii  s.  ix  d. 
liiii  s.  vi  d. 


Summa  istius  hundredi  xxxviii  li. 


iii  s.  xi  d. 


161/30. 

Apporcianacio  hundredorum  Pough,  Dork,  Thame  et  iiiior 
hundredorum  et  dimidii  Ciltr’ 1  facta  anno  xxviii0  in  alloca- 
cionem  xme  et  xvme  eiusdem  anni  vt  patet. 

Hundredum  de  Thame. 


Noua  Thame 

xl  s. 

Vetus  Thame  cum  Prestend 

xl  s. 

Waterstok 

•  •  • 

111  s. 

Milton  Magna 

XV  s. 

Milton  Parua 

xl  d. 

Tettesworth 

XXX  s. 

Weston 

vi  s. 

Morton 

•  •  •  • 

1111  s. 

Attyndon 

vi  s. 

Ascote 

XV  s. 

Summa  viii  li.  ii  s.  iiii  d. 


XXL  $  Suffolk.  Third  collection. 

180/26. 

(Described  in  the  official  catalogue  merely  as  belonging  to 
the  reign  of  Edw.  III.  The  note  at  the  end  as  to  penalties 
proves  the  exact  date;  the  amount  of  the  penalties  and  the 
names  of  the  collectors  being  checked  by  Enrolled  Subs.,  14.) 

SufF  Particule  compoti  Willelmi  de  Russhebrok,  Ricardi 
Forester  et  Ricardi  de  Marchesham,  collectorum  xve  et  xe  tri- 
ennalium  Regi  a  laicis  in  comitatu  SufF  anno  xxvt0  conces- 
sarum  de  tercio  anno  solucionis  earundem. 


1  Chiltern  Hundreds. 


APPENDIX 


Mutford. 

Kessynglond 

Pakefeld  cum  Kyrkele 

Gyslyngham  cum  parte  de 
Risshenden 

Mutford  cum  Barneby  et 
parte  de  Risshynden 
Carleton 


cviii  s.  vi  d.  ob.  q. 

Inde  de  excessu  iiii  s.  vi  d. 
lx  s.  ii  d.  ob. 

Inde  de  excessu  iiii  s.  vi  d. 
lxim  s.  mi  d. 

Inde  de  excessu  iiii  s.  vi  d. 
lxii  s. 

Inde  de  excessu  iiii  s.  vi  d. 
Iiii  s. 

Inde  de  excessu  iiii  s.  vi  d. 


Summa  xvii  li.  vii  s.  i  d.  q. 
Summa  excessus  xxii  s.  vi  d. 


(Note  at  end.) 

Infra  quas  quidem  summas  continentur  cxxv  li.  ii  s.  x  d. 
ob.  qa.  de  denariis  provenientibus  de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amer- 
ciamentis  seruientium  et  aliorum  artificum  in  comitatu  predicto 
sicut  continentur  in  dicto  rotulo  de  particulis  xve  et  xe  predic- 
tarum. 


XXII.  Warwick.  Second  collection. 

192/16. 

Warr  Particule  compoti  Ricardi  de  Whitacre,  Iohannis 
de  Vaal,  Iohannis  Comyn  et  Hugonis  de  Brandeston, 
collectorum  [etc.]. 

Hundredum  de  Kyngton. 

Walton  Deyuill  xli  s. 

Walton  Mauduth  xxxv  s. 

Wellesburn  Hastang  lx  s. 

Wellesburn  Montford  iiii  li. 


Warr’ 

Aporcinacio  de  xlv  li.  ix  s.  ii  d.  de  denariis  prouenientibus 
de  diuersis  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  operariorum  et 
artificum  pro  excessu  in  comitatu  Warr’  coram  Iohanne  Bote- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


357* 

tourt  iusticiario  et  sociis  suis  ad  huiusmodi  excessus  et  trans- 
gressiones  assignats,  per  Ricardum  de  Whitacre,  Iohannem  de 
Vaal,  Hugonem  de  Braunceton  et  Iohannem  Comyn,  collectores 
xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxvt0  concessarum  de 
secundo  anno  solucionis  earundem  et  per  auisamentum  Wil- 
lelmi  de  Spineto,  lohannis  de  Conyngesbi,  Willelmi  Waldeyeue, 
Willelmi  Doddyngeseles,  Roberti  de  Crowenhal,  Roberti  de 
Wauere,  lohannis  de  Vpton,  Thome  de  Compton,  lohannis 
Bardolf,  lohannis  de  Moul,  Thome  Mollyng,  lohannis  de  Stan¬ 
ford  et  aliorum  dicti  comitatus  facta  diuersis  villatis  subscripts 
vnde  predict  iusticiarii  pro  vadiis  suis  nichil  adhuc  receperunt. 

Hundredum  Kyngton. 

Villata  de  Walton  Deuyle 
Villata  de  Walton  Maudyt 
Villata  de  Wellesbourn  Hastang 
Villata  de  Wellesbourn  Montford 

XXIII.  Worcester.  Second  collection. 

200/15. 

Particule  compoti  Thome  de  Luttelton,  lohannis  de  Sidyn- 
ton,  Edmundi  de  Dunclent,  collectorum  [etc.]. 


Wygorn’ 

xx  li. 

Holte  et  Wyttele 

lxxi  s.  iii  d. 

Elmeley  Beauchaump 

lxii  s.  viii  d. 

Kemeseye  cum  membris 

cvii  s.  iiii  d. 

Bredon 

xlin  s.  vin  d. 

Herdewyk 

xlv  s.  viii  d. 

Apporcinacio  de  lviii  li.  xiii  s.  x  d.  facta  die  Martis  proximo 
post  festum  Circumcisionis  Domini  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi 
tercii  xxviii0  coram  Waltero  de  Schakenhurst  et  sociis  suis 
iusticiariis  domini  Regis  per  sacramentum  Edmundi  Dunkelent 
et  sociorum  suorum,  collectorum  xe  et  xve  domino  Regi  a  laicis 
concessarum,  Thome  Foliot,  lohannis  Beuchaumpe,  Rogeri 
Bessopeston,  Edmundi  de  Brugg,  Ricardi  Ruyhale,  Philippi 


•  •  •  • 

1111  s. 

•  •  • 

111  s. 

•  •  • 

111  s. 

•  •••  •••«  -f 

1111  s.  1111  d. 


APPENDIX 


358  * 

Spechesleye,  Iohannis  Kekyngwych,  Alexandri  de  Besford,  Ri- 
cardi  de  Reodyng,  Willelmi  Spechesleye,  Willelmi  de  Stone,  Io¬ 
hannis  Spenser,  Iohannis  de  la  Mare,  Simonis  Gros,  Thome 
Tolwardye,  Rogeri  Porter,  Thome  de  Burton,  Ricardi  Farmon, 
Iohannis  de  Gretton,  Iohannis  de  Hamburi,  Willelmi  Broun, 
Willelmi  de  Melynton,  Iohannis  Wuybbe,  Henrici  Wynturnold 
et  Thome  de  Abyndon,  ad  hoc  per  communitatem  1  comitatus 
ad  hoc  electorum  et  ordinatorum,  et  per  auisionem  Walteri  de 
Schakenhurst  et  Rogeri  de  Brugg,  iusticiariorum  domini  Regis 
ad  inquirendum  de  seruientibus,  operariis,  victualariis,  artific- 
ibus  in  comitatu  predicto  per  communitatem  comitatus  predicti. 
Que  quadam  apporcinacio  facta  est  modo  subscripto,  videlicet : 


Wygorn’ 

Holt  et  Wytteleye 

Elmeleye  Beauchaumpe 

Kemesseye 

Breoton 

Herdwyk 


cx  s. 

xxiii  s.  iii  d. 
xii  s.  viii  d. 
v  s.  iiii  d. 
dimidia  marca. 
xi  s.  iiii  d. 


(Endorsement.) 

Summa  totalis  distribucionis  huius  comitatus  particulariter 
per  villatas  lv  li.  vii  s.  x  d.  Et  debent  xl  s.  qui  eis  non  debent 
allocari  per  consideracionem  baronum  prout  patet  in  hoc  rotulo 
infra,  vbi  proponitur  et  cancellatur  per  barones. 


XXIV.  York,  E.  R.  Second  collection. 

202/52. 

Particule  compoti  Roberti  Twyere,  Iohannis  de  Cotom,  Ge- 
ardi  de  Grimmeston,  collectorum  [etc.]. 

Waxham  xxxix  s.  Inde  de  xva  xxv  s.  viii  d. 

Et  de  excessu  laborariorum  xiii  s. 
v  d. 

Loset  cum  Parua  Kelk  xx  s.  Inde  de  xva  xii  s.  vi  d.  Et 

de  excessu  laborariorum  vii  s.  v  d. 


XMS.  comitatem. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LASTS  TABLES  359  * 


Thorne  Gumbald 

Wynested 

Bounwyh 

Burgi. 

Hedon 

Rauenserod 


xli  s.  Inde  de  xva  xxi  s.  Et  de  ex- 
cessu  laborariorum  xx  s. 
xlv  s.  Inde  de  xva  xxxv  s.  Et  de 
excessu  laborariorum  x  s. 
xviii  s.  Inde  de  xva  iiii  s.  vi  d.  Et 
de  excessu  laborariorum  xiii  s.  vi  d. 

x  li.  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  Inde  de  xva  vi  li. 
v  s.  Et  de  excessu  laborariorum 
lxxv  s. 

c  s.  Inde  de  xva  xl  s.  Et  de  ex¬ 
cessu  laborariorum  lx  s. 


XXV.  York,  E.  R.  Third  collection. 

202/53. 

(The  heading  is  somewhat  misleading.) 

Compotus  Gerardi  de  Grymmeston  et  Iohannis  Burton,  col- 
lectorum  xe  et  xve  tercii  anni  triennalium  domino  Regi  vltime 
a  laicis  concessarum  in  Estrythingo  in  comitatu  Ebor’,  anno 
regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  Anglie  xxviii0, 
videlicet,  de  tercio  anno  solucionis  earundem. 


Bukross. 

Estheslarton  xxxiii  s.  Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum 

•••  •  •  •  •  « 

xm  s.  1111  d. 

Multhorp  xxx  s.  Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum 

xvi  s. 


Kirkeby  xxxviii  s.  Inde  de  excessu  laborari¬ 

orum  xv  s. 

Dugleby  xxxiiii  s.  Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum 

xvi  s. 

Neuton  iuxta  |  xxxii  s.  vi  d.  Inde  de  excessu  labor- 
Wynteryngham  j  ariorum  xvi  s.  iii  d. 

Norton  xxxiiii  s.  Inde  de  excessu  laborariorum 


xvi  s. 


APPENDIX 


360  * 

XXVI.  %  York,  N.  R.  Third  collection. 

211/24. 

(Described  in  official  catalogue  as  a  grant  of  the  25th  year 
of  Edw.  Ill  because  of  character;  but  as  collected  in  the  26th 
year.  The  heading  and  the  amount  of  the  penalties  prove  that 
this  latter  date  is  erroneous.) 

Particule  compoti  Willelmi  Lassels  pro  se,  Thoma  de  Eton 
de  Gyllyng,  Christofero  Mallore  et  Willelmo  de  Holthorp,  col¬ 
lector  ibus  xve  et  xe  triennalium  Regi  a  laicis  in  Northerithingo 
in  comitatu  Ebor’  anno  xxvt0  concessarum,  per  breue  Regis 
patens  de  xxvit0  die  Ianuarii  anno  xxviii°,  videlicet,  de  tercio 
anno  solucionis  earundem. 


Bradford. 

W  elbergh 

Estherlsay 

Parua  Silton 


Silton  Paynell 
Keppwyk 
Couesby 
Kyrkebyknoll 


xxiiii  s.  Inde  in  subuencionem  xve  et  xe 
de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 
operariorum  vi  d. 

xxvi  s.  viii  d.  Inde  in  subuencionem  xve 
et  xe  de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amercia¬ 
mentis  operariorum  ii  s. 

xvii  s.  Inde  in  subuencionem  xve  et  xe 

de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 

operariorum  xiii  s. 

xx  s.  Inde  in  subuencionem  xve  et  xe  de 
finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  oper¬ 
ariorum  xii  s.  vi  d. 

xxviii  s.  Inde  in  subuencionem  xve  et  xe 
de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 

operariorum  vi  s. 

xviii  s.  Inde  in  subuencionem  xve  et  xe 

de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 

operariorum  x  s.  ii  d. 

xiii  s.  Inde  in  subuencionem  xv*  et  xe 
de  finibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 

operariorum  xii  d. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  361  * 

(Note  at  end.) 

Infra  quas  quidem  summas  continentur  xv  li.  xiii  s.  vii  d. 
de  finibus,  elritibus  et  amerciamentis  seruientium, . 

Extracte  finium,  seruientum  et  artificum  liberate  per  Tho- 
mam  de  Seton  collectoribus  de  Northrithingo  in  comitatu 
Ebor’.1 

Villa  de  Welbergh. 

De  Cristiana  Scot  quia  cepit  contra  statutum  per  ple- 
gium  Roberti  Attounend  et  Iohannis  atte  Style,  vi  d. 
Summa  vi  d. 

Summa  xve  xxiiii  s.  Et  sic  deficiunt  xxiii  s.  vi  d. 

Villa  de  Estherlesay. 

De  Willelmo  Couherd  quia  cepit  contra  statutum  per 
plegium  Roberti,  filii  Stephani,  et  Nicholai  de  Scotton. 
xii  d. 

De  Nicholao  de  Scotton  pro  eodem  per  plegium  predic¬ 
tum.  xii  d. 

Summa  ii  s. 

Summa  xve  xxvi  s.  viii  d. 

Et  sic  deficiunt  xxiiii  s.  viii  d. 

Villa  de  Parua  Silton  .  .  Summa  xiii  s.  Summa  xve  xvii 

s.  Et  sic  deficiunt  iiii  s. 

Villa  de  Silton  Paynel  .  .  Summa  xii  s.  vi  d.  Summa  xve 

xx  s.  Et  sic  deficiunt  vii  s.  vi  d. 
Villa  de  Kepewyk  ....  Summa  vi  s.  Summa  xve  xxviii 

s.  Et  sic  deficiunt  xxii  s. 

•  •••••••• 

Summa  totalis  istius  rotuli  xix  li.  iii  d.  Et  sic  deducte  ex¬ 
pense  iusticiariorum,  videlicet,  lxvi  s.  viii  d. 

Et  sic  remanent  xv  li.  xiii  s.  vii  d. 

formerly  Exchequer,  K.  R.,  Accounts,  110/24,  but 'Miss  Martin  re¬ 
ports  that  the  document  is  broken  up  and  not  yet  re-arranged;  there¬ 
fore  no  reference  can  be  given. 


APPENDIX 


362  * 

XXVII.  York,  W.  R.  Second  collection. 

206/27. 

Particule  compoti  Willelmi,  filii  Thome  de  Deyuill,  Willelmi 

de  Derley  et  sociorum  suorum,  collectorum . 

.  .  .  .  in  partibus  de  Westrithing  anno  xxvto  concessarum, 

videlicet,  de  secundo  anno  solucionis  earundem. 


Wapentachium  de  Barkeston. 


Villata  de  Shirburn 

vi  li. 

- 

Villata  de  Tolleston 

xviii 

s. 

Villata  de  Cawode 

•  •  •  •  <  • 
1111  li. 

X  s. 

Villata  de  Birkyn 

xxiiii 

s. 

Villata  de  Mikelfeld 

xxvi 

s. 

Villata  de  Kyrkeby 

XV  s. 

Inde  xva  iiii  li.  x  s. 

Et  de  excessu  laborari- 
orum  xxx  s. 

Inde  xva  ix  s. 

Et  de  excessu  laborari- 
orum  ix  s. 

Inde  xva  1  s. 

Et  de  excessu  laborari- 
orum  xl  s. 

Inde  xva  xvii  s. 

Et  de  excessu  laborari- 
orum  vii  s. 

Inde  xva  xiii  s. 

Et  de  excessu  laborari- 
orum  xiii  s. 

Inde  xva  xii  s.  vi  d. 

Et  de  excessu  laborari- 
orum  ii  s.  vi  d. 


XXVIII.  %  York,  W.  R.  Third  collection. 

206/26.  No  heading. 

(Described  in  official  catalogue  as  belonging  to  one  of  the 
triennial  grants  of  Edw.  Ill,  either  of  the  22nd  or  of  the  25th 
year;  decision  from  character  merely.  The  reference  to  the 
penalties  proves  conclusively  that  it  is  the  grant  of  the  25th 
year;  and  since  for  the  first  collection,  Enrolled  Subs.,  14  re¬ 
ports  that  there  were  no  estreats,  and  since  206/27  is  clearly 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  363  * 

for  the  second  collection,  it  follows  that  this  account  is  for 
the  third  collection.) 

* 


Wappentachium  de  Barkeston. 

De  villata  de  Saxton  lx  s. 

Inde  xva  liii  s. 

Et  de  excessu  labor- 

De  villata  de  Richere 

ii  marce. 

ariorum  vii  s. 

Inde  xva  xxiiii  s.  viii  d. 
Et  de  excessu  labor- 

De  villata  de  Toueton 

lx  s.  vii  d. 

ariorum  ii  s. 

Inde  xva  lvi  s.  vii  d. 
Et  de  excessu  labor- 

De  villata  de  Clifford 

xxxii  s. 

ariorum  iiii  s. 

Inde  xva  xxxi  s. 

Et  de  excessu  labor- 

De  villata  de  Whistowe 

cvi  s.  viii  d. 

ariorum  xii  d. 

Inde  xv*  ciiii  s.  viii  d. 
Et  de  excessu  labor- 

De  villata  de  Sutton 

XXXV  s. 

ariorum  ii  s. 

Inde  xva  xxv  s. 

Et  de  excessu  labor- 

De  villata  de  Stutton 

ii  marce. 

ariorum  x  s. 

Inde  xv*  xxv  s.  viii  d. 

Et  de  excessu  labor- 
ariorum  xii  d. 


5.  Extracts  from  Accounts ,  K.  R.}  Close  Rolls ,  Memoranda 
Rolls  and  Pipe  Rolls.  ( Cf .  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  2,  A.) 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  120. 

Adhuc  Breuia  retornabilia  de  termino  Sancte  Trinitatis 
anno  xxix  Regis  Edwardi;  rot.  6. 

Salop’ 

Rex  dilecto  et  fideli  suo  Iohanni  de  Cherleton  et  sociis  suis 
iusticiariis  ad  transgressiones  et  excessus  operariorum,  seruien- 
tum  et  artificum  in  comitatu  Salop’  puniendos  assignatis,  salu- 


364* 


APPENDIX 


tem.  Mandamus  vobis  quod  omnes  extractas  finium,  exces- 
suum,  exituum  et  amerciamentorum  dictorum  operariorum, 
seruientum  et  artificum  coram  vobis  adiudicatorum  penes  vos 
adhuc  remanentes  et  collectoribus  xve  et  xe  triennalium  nobis 
a  laicis  anno  xxvto  concessarum  in  comitatu  predicto  minime 
liberatas,  habeatis  siue  mittatis  sub  sigillis  vestris  vel  vnius 
vestrum  ad  scaccarium  nostrum  apud  Westmonasterium  in 
octabis  Sancti  Michaelis  thesaurario  et  baronibus  eiusdem  scac- 
carii  ibidem  liberandas,  vt  execucio  pro  finibus,  excessubus, 
exitibus  et  amerciamentis  illis  leuandis  ad  opus  nostrum  celer- 
iter  fiat  prout  decet. 

Teste  thesaurario,  xviii0  die  Iulii.  Per  rotulum  compotorum 
de  taxacionibus  vbi  annotatur  quod  predicti  collectores  compu- 
tarunt  de  tercio  anno  solucionis  xve  et  xe  predictarum  et  per 
Originalia  de  annis  xxvt0  et  xxviii0  quoad  nomina  iusticia- 
riorum. 

Ad  quern  diem  predictus  Iohannes  vobis  respondit  quod  non 
se  intromisit  de  aliqua  sessione  iusticiariorum  virtute  alicuius 
commissionis  Regis  sibi  facte  prout  supponitur  in  isto  breui. 
Ideo  nulle  extracte  finium,  exituum  et  amerciamentorum  penes 
se  remanent  vobis  liberande. 

(Similar  writs  to  justices  of  labourers  in  many  other  coun¬ 
ties.) 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  123. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Sancte  Trinitatis  anno  xxxii0 
Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum.  Adhuc  Recorda ; 
rot.  5. 

Hereford’  De  extractis  liberandis  per  Willelmum  Frome  et 

alios. 

Preceptum  fuit  vicecomiti  Hereford’  per  breue  datum  se- 
cundo  die  Maii  hoc  anno  quod  distringeret  Willelmum  de 
Frome,  Iohannem  del  Oldecastel  et  Hugonem  de  Monyton, 
iusticiarios  ad  excessus  operariorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  in 
comitatu  predicto  puniendos  assignatos,  per  terras  et  catalla  sua ; 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  365  * 

ita  quod  de  exitibus  etc.  et  quod  haberet  corpora  eorum  hie 
modo  in  crastino  Sancti  lohannis  Baptiste  ad  liberandum  hie 
omnes  extractas  finium,  exituum  et  amerciamentorum  coram 
ipsis  iusticiariis  in  sessionibus  suis  iusticiarie  Regis  predicte 
adiudicatorum,  pretextu,  videlicet,  commissionis  Regis  eis  inde 
facte,  cuius  tenor  irrotulatur  in  Originalibus  de  anno  xxixm0 
Regis  nunc. 

Et  ad  dictum  crastinum  predicti  Willelmus,  Iohannes  et 
Hugo  non  venerunt.  Set  quidam  Griffinus  le  Walssh  venit  et 
liberauit  hie  quendam  rotulum  continentem  quatuor  membra  tit- 
ulatum  sic  Extracte  finium,  exituum  et  amerciamentorum  foris- 
factorum  coram  Willelmo  de  Frome  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis 
domini  Regis  ad  ordinaciones  et  statuta  de  operariis,  seruien- 
tibus  et  artificibus  ac  eciam  de  ponderibus  et  mensuris  in  comi- 
tatu  Hereford’  assignatis  anno  xxxmo  et  xxximo  intrante.  Super 
quo  habita  deliberacione  quia  in  rubeo  libro  huius  scaccarii 
residente  in  custodia  rememoratoris  Regis  folio  xlmo  sub  titulo 
Ex  quibus  summoniciones  fiant  inter  cetera  scribitur  quod 
caueant  iudices  vt  correctos  rotulos  thesaurario  liberent  etc. 
et  non  constat  curie  hie  vtrum  dicte  extracte  per  dictum  Grif¬ 
fith  sic  liberate  sint  vere  et  factum  dictorum  iusticiariorum 
necne,  concordatum  est  quod  ipsi  iusticiarii  distringantur  vt 
prius  ad  liberandum  hie  extractas  etc.  vel  ad  aduocandum  dictas 
extractas  per  dictum  Griffith  liberatas  tanquam  veras  et  bonas 
etc.  Et  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  Hereford’  sicut  pluries  quod 
distringat  dictos  iusticiarios  per  terras  etc.,  ita  etc.  in  crastino 
Sancti  Michaelis.  Et  interim  dicte  extracte  per  dictum  Griffith 
liberate  remanent  in  custodia  huius  rememoratoris  non  summon- 
ite  nec  execute.  Postea,  videlicet,  xxiiii  die  Nouembris  dicto 
anno  xxxii°,  predicti  iusticarii  venerunt  per  Iohannem  de  Stret- 
ton  et  Stephanum  de  Lugwardyn,  attornatos  suos,  et  liberarunt 
hie  extractas  predictas  tanquam  bonas  et  veras  quas  pro  talibus 
aduocarunt  in  omni  euentu;  que  quidem  extracte  liberantur 
Willelmo  de  Wellom,  clerico  extractarum  hie  in  scaccario  sum- 
moniende  prout  etc.1 


1  CL  app.,  173. 


APPENDIX 


366  * 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  121. 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Pasche  anno  xxxmo  Regis 
Edwardi  tercii.  Adhuc  Recorda;  rot.  7. 

Northumbr’  De  Henrico  de  Percy  et  aliis  attachiatis  pro  ex¬ 
tracts  de  seruientibus  liberandis  ad  scaccarium. 

Comperto  in  quodam  rotulo  de  extractis  commissionum  de 
audiendo  et  terminando  in  cancellaria  Regis  nunc  de  diuersis 
annis  quod  Henricus  de  Percy,  Iohannes  de  Stryuelyn,  Willel- 
mus  de  Felton,  Willelmus  Basset,  Iohannes  Fenwyk,  Thomas 
de  Fencotes  et  Robertus  de  Tughale  assignati  fuerunt  per  literas 
Regis  patentes  de  magno  sigillo  datas  xv°  die  Marcii  anno 
xxvto  iusticiarii  ad  pacem  et  ad  statuta  apud  Wyntoniam  et 
Norhamtoniam  pro  conseruacione  pacis  edita  necnon  ad  stat- 
utum  et  ordinacionem  de  seruientibus  in  comitatu  Northumbr, 
custodienda  et  ad  delinquentes  in  hac  parte  puniendos  iuxta 
formam  statutorum  et  ordinacionis  predictorum,  preceptum  fuit 
vicecomiti  dicti  comitatus  Northumbr’  quod  distringeret  pre- 
dictos  Henricum  de  Percy  et  socios  suos  iusticiarios  per  terras 
etc.,  ita  quod  haberet  corpora  eorum  hie  in  crastino  Ascensionis 
Domini  hoc  termino  ad  liberandum  hie  extractas  finium,  exi- 
tuum,  amerciamentorum  et  excessuum  coram  eisdem  iusticiariis 
adiudicatorum  1  post  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  xxviii0 ;  ad 
quod  festum  xva  et  xa  triennales  Regi  a  laicis  anno  xxvt0  con- 
cesse  cessabant  et  a  quo  festo  huiusmodi  fines,  exitus,  amer- 
ciamenta  et  excessus  adiudicati  leuari  debent  ad  opus  Regis, 
sicut  continetur  in  predictis  statuto  et  ordinacione  de  seruien¬ 
tibus  etc. 

Et  ante  dictum  crastinum  Ascensionis  Domini,  Henricus  de 
Percy  optulit  se  vt  filium  et  heredem  dicti  Henrici  de  Percy  ac 
executorem  testamenti  eiusdem  per  Radulfum  de  Hull,  attor- 
natum  suum,  Iohannes  de  Stryuelyn  per  Adam  de  Esshete, 
attornatum  suum,  et  dictus  Robertus  de  Tughale  in  propria 
persona  sua;  et  dicunt  quod  huiusmodi  extractas  liberare  non 
possunt ;  dicunt  enim  quod  dictus  Henricus  iam  defunctus  et 


1  MS.  adiucatorum. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


367* 


ipsi  Iohannes  de  Stryuelyn  et  Robertus  de  Tughale  simul  cum 
sociis  suis  predictis  virtute  dictarum  patencium  que  tunc  reman- 
serunt  penesv"ipsum  Henricum,  patrem  Henrici,  et  adhuc  rema¬ 
nent  penes  dictum  Henricum,  filium  suum,  legere  et  publicare 
fecerunt  patentes  illas  in  pleno  comitatu  illo  et  punire  nitebantur 
seruientes  iuxta  formam  statuti  et  ordinacionis  predictorum,  et 
venit  coram  eis  communitas  comitatus  illius  et  asseruit  quod 
seruientes  pro  maiori  parte  commorantes  in  eodem  comitatu 
erant  de  terra  Scocie,  et  si  per  districcionem  iuxta  vim  et 
effectum  dicte  ordinacionis  ponerentur  ad  minora  stipendia 
quam  de  propria  voluntate  sua  capere  vellent,  statim  facerent 
deperdaciones,  incendia  et  homicidia  et  alia  dampna  quamplu- 
rima  et  ad  dictas  partes  Scocie  remearent  et  sic  propter  huius- 
modi  mala  euitanda  et  propter  defectum  seruientum  Angli- 
corum  qui  morebantur  in  pestilencia  precedenti,  videlicet,  anno 
xxiii0,  de  communi  assensu  omnium  dictorum  iusticiariorum  in 
dictis  patentibus  nominatorum  et  tocius  communitatis  comitatus 
predicti  supersederunt  vlteriori  execucioni  faciende  de  patent¬ 
ibus  predictis,  petentes  ex  causis  illis  quod  districcioni  sibi  facte 
pro  liberacione  huiusmodi  extractarum  supersedeatur.  Super 
quo,  curia  vult  deliberare  quid  inde  antequam  vlterius  etc.  Ideo 
dictum  est  eis  quod  expectent  hie  de  die  in  diem  quousque  etc. 
Postea  adiornantur  vlterius  in  statu  quo  nunc  vsque  octabas 
Sancti  Michaelis.  Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Henricus  de  Percy 
et  Iohannes  de  Stryuelyn  per  dictos  attornatos  suos  et  dictus 
Robertus  de  Tughale  per  Iohannem  de  Wodehous,  attornatum 
suum,  veniunt  et  adiornantur  vlterius  in  statu  quo  nunc  vsque 
octabas  Sancti  Hillarii. 

Ad  quern  diem  predicti  Henricus,  Iohannes  de  Stryuelyn  et 
Robertus  veniunt  per  dictos  attornatos  suos  et  adiornantur 
vlterius  in  statu  quo  nunc  vsque  a  die  Pasche  in  xv  dies.  Ad 
quern  diem  tarn  predicti  Henricus  de  Percy,  Iohannes  Stryuelyn 
et  Robertus  de  Tughale  per  dictos  attornatos  suos  quam  pre¬ 
dicti  Willelmus  de  Felton,  Iohannes  de  Fenwyk  et  Thomas  de 
Fencotes  veniunt  et  dicunt  prout  dicti  Henricus,  Iohannes  et 
Robertus  prius  dixerant  quod  supersederunt  execucioni  faciende 


APPENDIX 


368* 

de  predictis  patentibus  ex  causis  premissis  de  communi  assensu 
omnium  ipsorum  iusticiariorum  et  communitatis  tocius  dicti 
comitatus  Northumbr’;  ita  quod  nulle  extracte  penes  ipsos 
iusticiarios  vel  aliquem  eorundem  remanent  pretextu  patencium 
predictorum.  Ideo  ipsi  Henricus,  filius  Henrici,  Iohannes  de 
Stryuelyn,  Robertus  de  Tughale,  Willelmus  de  Felton,  Iohannes 
de  Fenwvk  et  Thomas  de  Fencotes  inde  sine  die. 

Memoranda  Roll,  K.  R.,  no.  132. 

Adhuc  Breuia  directa  baronibus  de  termino  Sancti  Hillarii 
anno  xxxmo  Regis  Edwardi  tercii ;  rot.  7. 

Pro  Radulfo  de  Middelnye. 

Rex  thesaurario  et  baronibus  suis  de  scaccario,  salutem. 
Mandamus  vobis  quod  dilecto  et  fideli  nostro  Radulfo  de  Mid¬ 
delnye,  vni  iusticiariorum  nostrorum  ad  ordinacionem  et  stat- 
utum  de  operariis,  seruientibus  et  artificibus  in  comitatu  Som¬ 
erset’  custodiendos  assignatorum,  decern  libras  per  annum  pro 
vadiis  suis  et  clerici  sui  pro  anno  proxime  preterito,  si  per 
annum  integrum  iuxta  formam  statuti  predicti  ad  hoc  inten- 
debat  vel  ratam  decern  librarum  pro  tempore  quo  circa  pre- 
missa  in  comitatu  predicto  intenderit,  de  exitibus  extractarum 
finium,  redempcionum  et  exituum  forisfactorum  de  sessione 
ipsorum  iusticiariorum  prouenientibus,  videlicet,  de  finibus,  re- 
dempcionibus  et  exitibus  tarn  ad  magnates  et  alios  virtute 
libertatum  eis  per  nos  et  progenitores  nostros  concessarum  et 
per  ipsos  vsitatarum  quam  ad  nos  pertinentibus,  per  vicecomi- 
tem  comitatus  predicti  solui  et  habere  faciatis. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Baumburgh,  xi  die  Februarii  anno  regni 
nostri  Anglie  tricesimo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie  decimo 
septimo. 

(Enrolled,  Claus.,  30,  m.  23;  under  date  of  10  Feb.) 

Rotuli  Literarum  Clausarum,  30  Edw.  Ill,  m.  13. 

Rex  vicecomiti  Somerset’,  salutem.  Precipimus  tibi  quod 
dilecto  et  fideli  nostro  Radulfo  de  Middelneye,  vni  iusticia- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


369* 


riorum  nostrorum  ad  ordinacionem  et  statutum  de  operariis, 
seruientibus  et  artificibus  in  comitatu  Somerset’  custodienda 
.  assignatorum,  videlicet,  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni 
nostri  Anglie  vicesimo  octauo  si  extunc  circa  contenta  in  com- 
missione  nostra  sibi  et  sociis  suis  de  premissis  facta  per  vnum 
annum  intenderit,  decern  libras  et  si  minori  tempore  a  dicto 
festo  Sancti  Michaelis  dictum  officium  excercuerit,  tunc  iuxta 
ratam  decern  librarum  per  annum  de  exitibus  extractarum  fol¬ 
ium,  redempcionum  et  exituum  forisfactorum  de  sessione  ius- 
ticiarie  predicte  prouenientibus  solui  et  habere  facias. 

Teste  Rege,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxx  die  Maii. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  122. 

Adhuc  Hillarii  Precepta,  anno  xxximo,  rot.  4. 

Somerset’  et  Dorset’. 

Precepta  facta  super  compotum  Iohannis  de  Sancto  Lando, 
nuper  vicecomitis,  computantis  hie  modo  in  crastino  Sancti  Hil¬ 
larii  de  toto  anno  xxxm0,  Ricardo  Tuberuill  iam  vicecomite 

presenti,  per  Iohannem  Doo  attornatum  suum . 

.  debet  . 

xx  libras  quas  de  finibus  et  exitibus  operariorum,  seruientum 
et  artificum,  de  quibus  finibus  et  exitibus  oneratur  infra  sum- 

mam  suam  predictam . 

et  x  libras  quas  de  consimilibus  finibus  et  exitibus  soluit  Ra- 
dulfo  Midelnye  pro  vadiis  suis  de  predicto  anno  xxviii0  1  per 
breue  Regis  et  literas  acquietancie  ipsius  Radulfi  de  recepcione. 

Memoranda  Roll,  K.  R.,  no.  135. 

Adhuc  Breuia  directa  baronibus  de  termino  Sancti  Mich¬ 
aelis,  anno  xxxiii0;  rot.  28. 

Pro  vicecomite  Somerset’ 

Rex  thesaurario  et  baronibus  suis  de  scaccario,  salu- 

1  As  Midelnye's  year  began  Mich.,  28  Edw.  Ill,  it  really  included  a 
large  part  of  the  29th  year. 


APPENDIX 


370* 

tem.  Cum  nuper  per  diuersa  breuia  nostra  preciperimus 
vicecomiti  nostro  Somerset’  quod  dilectis  et  fidelibus 
nostris  Radulfo  de  Midelneye,  Edmundo  de  Cliueden, 
Iohanni  Hugon  et  Waltero  de  Rodeneye,  iusticiariis  nos¬ 
tris  in  dicto  comitatu  ad  inquirendum  de  seruientibus, 
operariis  et  artificibus,  videlicet,  Radulfo  de  Middelneye 
pro  se  et  clerico  suo  decern  libras,  Edmundo  de  Cliueden 
pro  se  et  clerico  suo  decern  libras,  Iohanni  Hugon  decern 
marcas  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie 
vicesimo  octauo,  et  Waltero  de  Rodeneye  decern  marcas 
pro  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo,  pro  vadiis  et 
expensis  suis  si  circa  contenta  in  commissionibus  nos¬ 
tris  eis  de  premissis  factis  per  annum  ilium  intendisset 
ac  sessiones  suas  per  quadraginta  dies  per  annum  fecis- 
sent  iuxta  ratam  temporis  et  summarum  predictarum  de 
exitibus  extractarum  finium  et  redempcionum  et  exituum 
forisfactorum  de  sessionibus  iusticiarie  predicte  prouen- 
ientibus  solui  et  habere  faceret,  vobis  mandamus  quod 
visis  breuibus  ac  literis  acquietancie  in  hac  parte  factis, 
summas  quas  vobis  constare  poterit  dilectum  et  fidelem 
nostrum  lohannem  de  Sancto  Lando,  tunc  vicecomitem 
nostrum  comitatus  predicti,  prefatis  Radulfo,  Edmundo, 
Iohanni  et  Waltero  virtute  mandatorum  nostrorum  pre- 
dictorum  racionabiliter  soluisse,  eidem  Iohanni  de  Sancto 
Lando  in  compoto  suo  ad  scaccarium  predictum  allo- 
cetis,  recipientes  a  prefato  Iohanne  de  Sancto  Lando 
breuia  et  literas  acquietancie  supradicta. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxvi  die  No- 
uembris  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo  secundo, 
regni  vero  nostri  Francie  decimo  nono. 
alio-  Hoc  breue  allocatur  in  Magno  Rotulo  de  anno  xxxii° 
catur.  in  Item  Somerset’.1 


1  Cf.  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  371  * 

Pipe  Roll,  203,  32  Edw.  III. 

Somerset’tet  Dorset’.  Noua  Oblata. 

•  •»•«•••• 

Et  Radulfo  de  Middelnye,  Edmundo  de  Clyuedon, 
Iohanni  Hugon  et  Waltero  de  Rodeneye,  iusticiariis 
Regis  in  comitatu  Somerset’  ad  inquirendum  de  ser- 
uientibus,  operariis  et  artificibus,  pro  vadiis  suis  circa 
premissa  facienda  annis  xxix  et  xxx,  videlicet,  prefato 
Radulfo  x  libras  pro  anno  xxix,  prefato  Edmundo  xx 
libras  pro  annis  xxix  et  xxx,  predicto  Iohanni  x  marcas 
pro  anno  xxix,  et  prefato  Waltero  x  marcas  pro  dicto 
anno  xxx;  xliii  libras  vi  s.  viii  d.  per  breue  Regis  irro- 
tulatum  in  Memorandis  de  anno  xxxiii  Regis  huius 
termino  Michaelis  et  literas  paten tes  ipsorum  Radulfi, 
Edmundi,  Iohannis  et  Walteri  de  recepcione. 

Exchequer,  K.  R.,  Accounts,  1 10/14. 

m.  1.  Fines,  exitus  et  amerciamenta  coram  Hugone  de  Aston 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  ad  ordinacionem  et  statutum  de 
operariis,  artificibus  et  seruitoribus  in  villa  de  Couentre 
custodienda  assignatis,  anno  regni  Edwardi  Regis  Anglie 
tercii  a  conquestu  vicesimo  nono. 

De  Adam  Liourmaker  pro  fine  facto  pro  ex- 
cessu,  per  plegium  Roberti  de  Lapworth  et  Wil- 
lelmi  de  Burton,  xviii  d. 

De  Adam  Bataile  pro  eodem,  per  plegium  Ro¬ 
berti  de  Lapworth,  vi  d. 

De  Ricardo  de  Leycestre  pro  eodem,  per  plegium 
Guidonis  de  Stone,  vi  d. 

De  Thoma  de  Stoke  pro  eodem,  per  plegium 
Ade  de  Yerdeleye,  ii  s. 

De  Alicia  Stryngere  pro  eodem,  per  plegium  Ro¬ 
berti  de  Lapworth,  vi  d. 

De  Iohanne,  filio  eiusdem  Alicie,  pro  eodem,  per 
plegium  predicti  Roberti,  vi  d. 


372  * 


In  Rotulo 
xxix0  sub 
nomine 
hominum 
ville 

Couentr’ 
in  summa. 

m.  2  d. 


APPENDIX 

De  Alicia,  filia  eiusdem  Alicie,  pro  eodem,  per 
plegium  predicti  Roberti,  vi  d. 

De  Alicia,  vxore  Willelmi  Saym,  pro  eodem,  per 
plegium  predicti  Roberti,  vi  d. 

De  Iuliana,  vxore  Ricardi  le  Paueour,  pro 
eodem,  per  plegium  predicti  Roberti,  vi  d. 

De  Iohanne  Ters  pro  eodem,  per  plegium  Ri¬ 
cardi  Beler,  xii  d. 

De  Margareta,  vxore  Rogeri  le  Horner,  pro 
eodem,  per  plegium  Roberti  de  Lapworth,  vi  d. 

De  Iohanna  Bagot  pro  eodem,  per  plegium 
Rogeri  lade  et  Rogeri  Smyth,  vi  d. 

De  Iohanne  Netmaker  et  Isabella,  vxore  eius, 
pro  eodem,  per  plegium  Roberti  de  Lapworth,  xii  d. 

De  Iohanne  de  Colleshull  pro  eodem,  per  ple¬ 
gium  Willelmi  Smyth,  xl  d. 

De  Iohanne  de  Warrewyk  et  Matillde,  vxore 
eius,  pro  eodem,  per  plegium  Willelmi  de  Bur¬ 
ton,  vi  d. 

De  Iohanne  Sexteyn  pro  eodem,  per  plegium 
Roberti  de  Lapworth,  xii  d. 

De  Iohanna,  vxore  Henrici  Wyrdrawere,  per 
plegium  Iohannis  Mareschal,  iiii  d. 

De  Iohanna,  vxore  Iohannis  Bladesmyth,  per 
plegium  Roberti  de  Lapworth,  iiii  d. 

De  Willelmo  Twycros  pro  eodem,  per  plegium 
Willelmi  Smyth,  iiii  d. 

De  Henrico  Forsmyter  et  Isabella,  vxore  eius, 
pro  eodem,  per  plegium  Thome  de  Bretford,  vi  d. 

De  Willelmo  Cook  atte  Whiteseler  pro  assisa 
servisie  fracta,  per  plegium  Henrici  Dilkock,  ii  s. 

In  Rotulo  xxix0  homine 1  ville  Couentre  in 
summa,  vi  li.  i  d. 

instead  of  “sub  nomine  hominum.’’ 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


373  * 

Fines,  exitus  et  amerciamenta  coram  I-Iugone  de  Aston  et 
sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  ad  pacem  Regis  nec  non 
.ad  statuta  apud  Wyntoniam  et  Norhamptoniam  pro  conser- 
uacione  eiusdem  pacis  edita  in  omnibus  et  singulis  suis  articulis 
in  villa  de  Couentre  custodienda  et  custodiri  facienda  assignatis, 
a  festo  Sancti  Bartholomei  apostoli  anno  regni  Edwardi  Regis 
Anglie  tercii  a  conquestu  vicesimo  octauo  vsque  ad  festum 
Natiuitatis  Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste  anno  regni  eiusdem  Regis 
Anglie  vicesimo  nono. 

(i 2  entries.) 

Has  duas  cedulas  liberauit  hie  Hugo  de  Aston,  vnus  iusticia- 
riorum  infrascriptorum,  ix  die  Iulii  anno  xxix  Regis  Edwardi 
tercii  post  conquestum,  et  summoniti  fuerunt  xvii  die  Iulii 
- 1  mensis. 

6.  Extracts  from  Accounts ,  K.  R.,  Memoranda  Rolls,  Patent 
Rolls  and  Pipe  Rolls.  ( Cf .  pt.  I,  ch.  iii,  2,  B.) 

Memoranda  Roll,  K.  R.,  no.  133. 

Adhuc  Breuia  directa  baronibus  de  termino  Sancti  Mich- 
aelis  anno  xxxi0  Regis  Edwardi  tercii;  rot.  8. 

Pro  Simone  archiepiscopo  Cantuariensi. 

Rex  thesaurario  et  baronibus  suis  de  scaccario,  salutem. 
Cum  nuper  per  cartam  nostram  concesserimus  bone  memorie 
Iohanni  de  Stretford,  tunc  archiepiscopo  Cantuariensi,  quod 
ipse  et  successores  sui  habeant  imperpetuum  omnes  fines  pro 
transgressionibus  et  aliis  debitis  quibuscumque  et  eciam  fines 
pro  licencia  concordandi  ac  omnia  amerciamenta,  redempeiones 
et  exitus  forisfactos  ac  forisfacturas,  annum,  diem  et  vastum  et 
streppum  et  omnia  que  ad  nos  et  heredes  nostros  pertinere 
poterunt  de  huiusmodi  anno,  die  et  vasto  et  murdris,  de  om¬ 
nibus  hominibus  et  tenentibus  de  terris  et  feodis  suis  in  quibus¬ 
cumque  curiis  nostris  et  heredum  nostrorum  homines  et  tenentes 


1  Faded;  some  such  word  as  **  supradicti.” 


APPENDIX 


374* 

illos,  tam  coram  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  in  cancellaria  nostra 
et  heredum  nostrorum  ac  coram  thesaurario  et  baronibus  nos¬ 
tris  et  heredum  nostrorum  de  scaccario  ac  coram  iusticiariis 
nostris  et  heredum  nostrorum  de  banco  ac  coram  senescallo  et 
marescallo  seu  clerico  mercati  hospicii  nostri  et  heredum  nos¬ 
trorum  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  et  aliis  curiis  nostris  et  here¬ 
dum  nostrorum  quam  coram  iusticiariis  itinerantibus  ad  com- 
munia  placita  et  ad  placita  foreste  et  quibuscumque  aliis 
iusticiariis  et  ministris  nostris  et  heredum  nostrorum,  tam  in 
presencia  nostra  et  heredum  nostrorum  quam  in  absencia  nostra 
et  heredum  nostrorum,  fines  facere  vel  amerciari,  exitus  foris- 
facere,  annum,  diem  et  vastum  seu  forisfacturas  et  murdra 
adiudicari  contigerit ;  que  fines,  redemciones,  exitus,  annus,  dies, 
vastum  siue  streppum,  forisfacture  et  murdra  ad  nos  vel  liere- 
des  nostros  possent  pertinere  si  prefato  archiepiscopo  et  succes- 
soribus  suis  predictis  concessa  non  fuissent;  ita  quod  idem 
archiepiscopus  et  successores  sui  predicti  per  se  vel  per  balliuos 
et  ministros  suos  fines,  amerciamenta,  redempciones,  exitus  et 
forisfacturas  huiusmodi  hominum  et  tenencium  suorum  predic- 
torum  et  omnia  que  ad  nos  vel  heredes  nostros  pertinere  pot- 
erunt  de  anno,  die  et  vasto  siue  streppo  et  murdris  predictis 
leuare  percipere  et  habere  possint,  sine  occasione  vel  impedi- 
mento  nostri  vel  heredum  nostrorum  iusticiariorum,  escae- 
torum,  vicecomitum,  coronatorum  aut  aliorum  balliuorum  seu 
ministrorum  quorumcumque,  prout  in  carta  nostra  predicta  ple- 
nius  continetur,  et  licet  vobis  mandauerimus  quod  venerabilem 
patrem  Simonem,  nunc  archiepiscopum  loci  predicti,  huiusmodi 
fines,  amerciamenta,  redempciones,  exitus  et  forisfacturas  hom¬ 
inum  et  tenencium  suorum  predictorum  habere  et  percipere 
permitteretis  iuxta  tenorem  carte  nostre  supradicte,  vos  tamen 
fines,  amerciamenta,  redempciones  et  exitus  forisfactos  hom¬ 
inum  et  tenencium  ipsius  archiepiscopi  laboratorum,  seruientum 
et  artificum  coram  iusticiariis  nostris  ad  inquirendum  de  ex- 
cessibus  huiusmodi  artificum  et  seruientum  assignatis  adudicata 
et  affirata,  eidem  archiepiscopo  ad  dictum  scaccarium  allocare 
non  curatis,  vt  accepimus,  in  ipsius  archiepiscopi  dampnum  non 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  375  * 

modicum  et  contra  tenor em  carte  nostre  supradicte.  Nos  no- 
lentes  eidem  archiepiscopo  iniuriari  in  hac  parte,  vobis  man¬ 
damus  quod  eidem  archiepiscopo  fines,  amerciamenta,  redemp- 
ciones  et  exitus  forisfactos  huiusmodi  hominum  et  tenencium 
suorum  laboratorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  ad  scaccarium 
predictum  allocari  faciatis  iuxta  formam  carte  nostre  supra¬ 
dicte.  Et  si  causa  subfuerit  quare  id  facere  minime  debeatis, 
tunc  nos  de  causa  ilia  reddatis  sub  sigillo  scaccarii  predicti  dis- 
tincte  et  aperte  sine  dilacione  cerciores,  hoc  breue  nobis  remit- 
tentes. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xviii  die  Octobris, 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie 
decimo  septimo. 

Hoc  breue  remittitur  cancellarie  unacum  certificacione  de 
causa  vnde  fit  mencio  superius  in  breui,  sicuti  continetur  alibi 
in  hiis  Memorandis  inter  Recorda  de  hoc  termino. 

Ibid.,  rot.  13. 

Pro  Iohanne  de  Stretford  archiepiscopo  Cantuariensi. 

Rex  thesaurario  et  baronibus  suis  de  scaccario,  salutem. 
Cum  nuper  per  cartam  nostram  concesserimus . (Then  fol¬ 

lows  a  copy  of  the  charter  given  in  rot.  8  as  far  as  “et  licet”) 
et  licet  vobis  mandauerimus  quod  venerabilem  patrem  Simonem 
iam  archiepiscopum  Cantuariensem  huiusmodi  fines,  amercia¬ 
menta,  redempciones,  exitus  forisfactos  et  forisfacturas  hom¬ 
inum  et  tenencium  suorum  laboratorum,  seruientum,  artificum 
et  regratatorum  ad  scaccarium  allocari  faceretis  iuxta  formam 
carte  nostre  supradicte,  vos  nichilominus  asserentes  ea  ad  nos 
ex  certis  causis  pertinere  debere,  predicta  fines,  amerciamenta, 
redempciones,  exitus  et  forisfacturas  prefato  archiepiscopo  ad 
dictum  scaccarium  allocare  non  curatis;  super  quo  idem  archi- 
episcopus  nobis  supplicauit  sibi  per  nos  de  remedio  prouideri. 
Et  quia  super  dicto  negocio  ex  certis  causis  coram  nobis  et 
consilio  nostro  propositis  volumus  plenius  informari,  vobis 
mandamus  quod  exaccionem  quam  facitis  prefato  archiepiscopo 
aut  hominibus  et  tenentibus  de  terris  et  feodis  suis  pro  huius- 


APPENDIX 


376* 

modi  finibus,  redempcionibus,  exitibus  forisfactis  aut  forisfac- 
turis  hominum  et  tenencium  suorum  laboratorum,  seruientum, 
artificum  aut  pistorum,  braciatricium  et  victualium  venditorum 
quorumcumque,  ponatis  in  respectum  vsque  ad  proximum  par- 
liamentum  nostrum  vt  tunc  dictum  negocium  discuti  valeat  ple- 
nius  et  terminari. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium  xxviii0  die  Octobris, 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie 
decimo  septimo. 

Ibid . 

Adhuc  Breuia  directa  baronibus  de  termino  Sancti  Hillarii, 
anno  xxximo  Regis  Edwardi  tercii;  rot.  2  d. 

Pro  Simone  archiepiscopo  Cantuariensi. 

(A  month  later,  on  further  complaint  of  the  archbishop,  a 
writ  of  the  great  seal  is  issued  to  the  treasurer  and  barons, 
stating  that  certain  justices  of  assize,  gaol  delivery  and  of  oyer 
and  terminer  had  “  subtiliter  ”  marked  certain  estreat  rolls  of 
penalties  as  due  to  the  king  instead  of  to  the  archbishop,  and 
had  then  appropriated  them  to  their  own  use.  The  arch¬ 
bishop’s  claim  to  these  penalties  is  based  on  the  charter  above 
quoted.) 

Et  quia  cum  consilio  1  nostro  super  premissis  deliberacionem 
habere  volumus,  vobis  mandamus  quod  demande  prefato  archi¬ 
episcopo  aut  eius  tenentibus  pro  huiusmodi  denariis  Regis 
leuatis  aut  pro  finibus,  amerciamentis,  redempcionibus,  exitibus 
forisfactis  aut  forisfacturis  pro  extorcionibus,  oppressionibus, 
excessibus,  transgressionibus,  catallis  felonum  et  fugitiuorum 
dictum  archiepiscopum  aut  homines  et  tenentes  suos,  licet 
eorum  aliqui  ministri  nostri  fuerint  concernentibus,  et  ex  parte 
dicti  archiepiscopi  in  scaccario  clamatis  et  vendicatis,  ac  leua- 
cioni  summarum  dicto  archiepiscopo  seu  eius  in  hac  parte 
attornato  ad  scaccarium  predictum  occasionibus  premissis  seu 


1  MS.  conesilio. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  377  * 

eorum  aliqua  de  allocacionibus  et  respectibus  per  vos  factis  seu 
faciendis  supersedeatis  vsque  ad  quindenam  Sancte  Trinitatis 
proxime  fifturam  vt  interim  habito  inde  cum  dicto  consilio 
nostro  pleno  auisamento  vlterius  de  premissis,  fieri  faciamus 
quod  de  iure  fuerit  faciendum. 

Teste  me  ipso,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxx  die  Nouembris, 
anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie 
decimo  septimo. 

Ibid . 

Adhuc  Communia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis,  anno  xxxi0 
Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu ;  adhuc  Recorda. 

Kane’  v  ’ 

Certificacio  facta  domino  Regi  in  cancellaria  sua  pro  archi- 
episcopo  Cantuariensi. 

Dominus  Rex  manaauit  hie  breue  suum  de  magno  sigillo  suo 
quod  irrotulatur  inter  Breuia  directa  baronibus  de  hoc  termino 
Rotulo  viii  in  hec  verba:  (see  copy,  app.,  373). 

Quod  quidem  breue  remittitur  cancellarie,  vnacum  certifica- 
cione  de  causa  vnde  fit  mencio  superius  in  breui  in  hec  verba. 
Non  est  processum  ad  allocacionem  faciendam  archiepiscopo 
Cantuariensi  de  finibus,  amerciamentis,  redempeionibus  et  exit- 
ibus  forisfactis  hominum  et  tenencium  ipsius  archiepiscopi  la- 
boratorum,  seruientum  et  artificum  iuxta  tenorem  breuis  huic 
cedule  consuti,  eo  quod  in  statuto  anno  regni  domini  Regis 
nunc  Anglie  vicesimo  quinto  super  malicia  seruientum  et  labor  - 
ariorum  restringenda  edito  inter  alia  continetur  quod  .  .  * 


(There  follows  a  literal  translation  in  Latin  of  the  clause  of 
the  statute  of  labourers  beginning  “  Item  que  viscontes  ”  and 
ending  “  soit  leue  al  oeps  le  Roi  et  respondu  a  lui  par  le  vis- 
cont  du  countee;”  app.,  16.) 

Pretextu  quorum  verborum,  apparet  quod  fines,  redemp- 
ciones,  excessus  et  amerciamenta  dictorum  seruientum  et  labor- 


APPENDIX 


378* 

ariorum  leuanda  sunt  ad  opus  Regis,  absque  aliqua  allocacione 
inde  facienda  alicui  libertati,  eo  quod  quintadecima  iam  cessauit. 

Memoranda  Roll,  K.  R.,  no.  136. 

Adhuc  Breuia  directa  baronibus  de  termino  Pasche,  anno 
xxxiiiit0  Regis  Edwardi  tercii;  rot.  9  d. 

Pro  vicecomiti  Kane’.1 

Rex  thesaurario  et  baronibus  suis  de  scaccario,  salutem. 
Cum  nuper  per  cartam  nostram  concesserimus  bone  memorie 
Iohanni,  archiepiscopo  Cantuariensi,  inter  cetera  sibi  per  nos 
concessa  quod  ipse  et  sucessores  sui  imperpetuum  habeant 
omnes  fines  .  .  .  (There  follows  a  summary  of  the  charter  as 
already  given,  ending  with  “  prout  in  carta  predicta  plenius 
continetur.”)  et  in  statuto  nuper  apud  Westmonasterium  ad 
diem  Lune  proximum  post  septimanam  Pasche,  anno  regni 
nostri  Anglie  tricesimo  primo,  quod  domini  libertatum  qui  fines, 
exitus  et  amerciamenta  per  cartas  regias  aut  alio  modo  habent, 
extunc  huiusmodi  fines,  exitus  et  amerciamenta  laboratorum, 
artificum  et  operariorum  que  ad  ipsos  dominos  de  iure  perti¬ 
nent,  quamdiu  iusticiaria  huiusmodi  laboratorum  duraret,  habe¬ 
ant;  ita  semper  quod  dicti  domini  contribucionem  solucioni 
feodorum  huiusmodi  iusticiariorum  laboratorum  iuxta  ratam 
proficuorum  que  inde  percipient  faciant,  vobis  mandamus  quod 
venerabili  patri  Simoni  nunc  archiepiscopo  Cantuariensi  omnia 
exitus  forisfactos,  fines  et  amerciamenta  de  omnibus  hominibus 
et  tenentibus  de  terris  et  feodis  suis  coram  dilectis  et  fidelibus 
nostris  Radulfo  de  Frenyngham  et  sociis  suis  nuper  iusticiariis 
ad  inquirendum  de  laboratoribus,  artificibus2  et  operariis  in 
comitatu  Kane’  assignatis  qui  sessiones  suas  inde  die  Lune 
proximo  post  festum  Sancti  Michaelis,  dicto  anno  tricesimo 
primo,  apud  Dertford,  primo  inceperunt,  sicut  per  certifica- 
cionem  Willelmi  de  Roderham,  nuper  vnius  iusticiariorum  pre- 

1  MS.  Line’;  so  clearly  a  slip  on  the  part  of  a  clerk  that  I  have  ven¬ 
tured  to  change  it.  See  “  in  comitatu  Kane’  **  infra. 

7  MS.  artificiis. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


379* 

dictorum,  in  cancellariam  nostram  de  mandato  nostro  missam 
plenius  poterit  apparere,  ab  eodem  die  Lime  affirata  et  ad- 
iudicata  liberari  et  habere  et  omnes  et  singulas  libertates  et 
quietancias  in  dicta  carta  nostra  contentas  iuxta  vim  et  effectum 
carte  illius  eidem  archiepiscopo  ad  dictum  scaccarium  de  tem¬ 
pore  in  tempus  allocari  faciatis,  ita  tamen  quod  predictus 
archiepiscopus  solucioni  feodorum  dictorum  iusticiariorum  ab 
eodem  die  Lune  contribuant  vt  premittitur,  iuxta  formam 
statuti  supradicti. 

Teste  Thoma  filio  nostro  carissimo,  custode  Anglie,  apud 
Westmonasterium  xvi  die  Maii,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tri- 
cesimo  quarto,  regni  vero  nostri  Francie  vicesimo  primo. 

Cf.  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  34,  Pasch.,  Precepta;  KancJ. 

Facta  summa  Roberti  Vynter,  senescalli  archiepiscopi  Can- 
tuariensis . 

(The  archbishop  obtains  28  1.  7  s.  8  d.  in  penalties  before 
Frenyngham  and  his  companions,  per  schedule  attached  to  the 
roll,  the  allowance  being  granted  on  the  basis  of  his  charter 
and  of  the  above  writ.) 

Cf.  also  ibid..  Trin.,  Precepta;  Surrey  and  Sussex,  for  a 
similar  claim. 

Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  123. 

Adhuc  Michaelis  Precepta  anno  xxxii0;  rot.  12. 

Norhf 

Precepta  facta  super  compotum  Walter i  Paries  vicecomitis 
computantis  hie  modo  in  crastino  Sancti  Martini  de  toto  anno 
xxxi°. 

Libertas  ducis  Lane’  capta  fuit  in  manum  Regis  et  adhuc 
remanet,  sicut  continetur  inter  Precepta  de  termino  Sancti 
Michaelis  anno  xxx°. 

(Schedule  attached  to  the  roll.) 

Norht’ 

De  extractis  finium  et  amerciamentorum  opera- 


APPENDIX 


380* 

riorum,  artificum  et  seruientum  coram  Iohanne  de 
Alueton  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  eorundem  in  di- 
uersis  comitatibus  infra  libertatem  ducis  Cornub’ 
audiendum  et  terminandum  1  assignatis  a  xiiii  die 
Marcii,  anno  xxx°  vsque  ad  eundem  diem  anno 
xxxi0. 

Charwalton. 

De  Thoma  Fleysheuer,  falcatore,  pro  excessu,  per 
plegium  Iohannis  Eyr,  xii  d. 

De  Ricardo  Milneward,  mettore,  pro  eodem,  per 
plegium  predictum,  xii  d. 

De  Thoma  Honte,  falcatore,  pro  eodem,  per  ple¬ 
gium  predictum,  xii  d. 

Summa  iii  s. 

Eston  cum  Hulcote. 

Walterus  De  Iohanne  Attehalle,  mason,  pro  eodem,  per  ple- 
Parles  gium  Iohannis  Roberti,  xl  d. 

vicecomes  De  Iohanne  Keyfot,  falcatore,  pro  eodem,  per  ple- 
Norht’  gium  Willelmi  Hobbis,  vi  d. 

oneratur  De  Iohanne  Amysone,  s[eruiente],  pro  eodem, 
in  Rotulo  per  plegium  Willelmi  Colin,  ii  s. 

xxxi0  de  De  Wallero  Warde,  triturario,  pro  eodem,  per 
debitis  in  plegium  predictum,  ii  s. 

ista  cedula  De  Thoma  Bankar,  carnifice,  pro  eodem,  per  ple- 
contentis.  gium  Willelmi  Hobbis,  ii  s. 

De  Emma,  vxore  eius,  mettore,  pro  eodem,  per 
plegium  predictum,  vi  d. 

De  Galfrido  Knotte,  seruiente,  pro  eodem,  per 
plegium  predictum,  ii  s. 

Blacolnesle. 

De  Thoma  Smyth,  fabro,  pro  eodem,  per  plegium 
Willelmi  Hay,  ii  s. 

1  The  omission  of  the  44  ad  ”  before  the  gerund  or  gerundive  has  already 
been  referred  to;  cf.  app.,  28,  note  1. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  38!  * 

De  Henrico  Howes  quia  non  venit,  iii  d. 

De  Iohanne  Taylour  et  Thoma  Smyth  quia  non 
habent,  iiii  d. 

De  Iohanne  Warde  pro  eodem,  iii  d. 

De  Simone  Knyght  et  Elia  Soc  quia  non  habent, 

1111  d. 

De  Elia  Wryghte  pro  eodem,  iii  d. 

De  Nicholao  Leche  et  Iohanne  Petifer  quia  non 
habent,  iiii  d. 

De  Hugone  Simound  pro  eodem,  iii  d. 

De  Iohanne  Norton  et  Iohanne  Lincden  quia  non 
habent,  iiii  d. 

De  Petro  Howes  pro  eodem,  iii  d. 

De  Willeimo  Hay  et  Ricardo  Campyoun  quia  non 
habent,  iiii  d. 

Summa  xx  s.  iii  d. 


(Endorsed.) 

Ista  cedula  extracta  est  de  Originali  de  quo  tit- 
ulus  scribitur  ex  alia  parte  istius  cedule  et  exam- 
inatur  ac  liberatur  hie  per  Willelmum  de  Wellum, 
custodem  extractarum  hie  in  scaccario,  xxiiii  die 
Nouembris,  anno  xxxi  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post 
conquestum. 

Facta  summa  dicti  vicecomitis  debentis  xlvii  li. 
xiiii  s.  xi  d.  ob.  qa. 

Infra  quam  summam  oneratur  de  xx  s.  iii  d.  de 
excessubus  et  amerciamentis  operariorum  per  ex- 
tractas  finium,  excessuum  et  amerciamentorum 
operariorum,  artificum  et  seruientum  coram  Io¬ 
hanne  de  Alueton  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  eorun- 
dem  in  diuersis  comitatibus  infra  libertatem  ducis 
Cornubie  audiendum  et  terminandum  1  assignatis  a 
xiiii0  die  Marcii  anno  xxx°  vsque  ad  eundem  diem 

1  For  the  omission  of  the  “ad,”  cf.  app.,  28,  note  1. 


APPENDIX 


382  * 

anno  xxxi0,  videlicet,  pro  diuersis  de  quibus  dicit 
principem  Wallie  per  balliuos  et  ministros  suos 
leuasse  eosdem  xx  s.  iii  d.  ad  opus  ipsius  principis 
particulariter ;  quorum  particule  et  nomina  eorum 
de  quibus  leuantur  extrahuntur  de  extracta  predicta 
et  liberantur  hie  per  Willelmum  de  Wellum,  custo- 
dem  extractarum  hie  in  scaccario,  in  quadam  cedula 
huic  rotulo  tachiata ;  super  quo  dictus  princeps  pre¬ 
sens  hie  per  Willelmum  de  Spridelyngton,  attorna- 
tum  suum,  admissum  ad  cognoscendum  recepcionem 
huiusmodi  finium,  excessuum,  exituum  et  amercia- 
mentorum  operariorum  et  ad  onerandum  ipsum 
principem  inde,  sicut  continetur  alibi  in  hiis  Memo- 
In  Rotulo  randis  inter  Attornatos  de  hoc  termino,  et  super 
xxxi°  premissis  allocutus  cognouit  se  per  balliuos  et  min- 
in  Item  istros  suos  leuasse  et  recepisse  predictos  xx  s.  iii  d. 

Norhth  et  proinde  se  velle  et  debere  onerari  versus  Regem 

de  eisdem  xx  s.  iii  d.  in  exoneracionem  dicti  vice- 
comitis.  Ideo  concordatum  est  quod  idem  vice- 
comes  exoneretur  erga  Regem  de  eisdem  xx  s.  iii  d. 
et  quod  dictus  princeps  inde  oneretur  pretextu  cog- 
nicionis  sue  predicte. 


Memoranda  Roll,  L.  T.  R.,  no.  125. 

Adhuc  Trinitatis  Precepta  anno  xxxiiiit0;  rot.  6. 

Surr’,  Sussex. 

Precepta  facta  super  compotum  Thome  de  Hoo 
nuper  vicecomitis  computantis  hie  modo  in  crastino 
Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste  de  toto  anno  xxxiii0, 
Rogero  Daber  nunc  vicecomite  presenti  per  Wal- 
terum  atte  Broke,  attornatum  suum. 

•  •••••»• 
Abbas  Fiscampi  clamat  et  vicecomes  oneratur. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


383* 


(Schedule  attached  to  the  roll.) 

Sussex. 

De  finibus,  excessibus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis 
coram  Andrea  Peuerell  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis 
Regis  ad  inquirendum  [de]  operariis,  artificibus, 
seruientibus,  vittellariis  ac  eciam  de  ponderibus  et 
mensuris  in  comitatu  Sussex’  audiendum  et  termi- 
nandum  assignatis,  annis  xxxi0  et  xxxiido. 

Burgus  de  Horsham.  De  Waltero  Feldere  de 
excessu  et  fine,  per  plegium  Roberti  Frenshe,  xii  d. 

Hundredum  de  Stenyng.  De  Agnete  de  Mule- 
ward  de  excessu  et  fine,  per  plegium  Willelmi  Ca- 
lewe,  xii  d. 

De  Iuliana  Quay  de  excessu  et  fine,  per  plegium 
predictum,  xii  d. 

•  ••••••* 

(All  the  entries  are  similar  to  the  above;  there 
are  sixteen  for  the  Hundred  of  Stenyng,  twenty- 
five  for  the  Burg  of  Stenyng,  seven  for  Terryng 
and  two  for  the  Hundred  of  Britford.  The  amounts 
are  usually  12  d.  and  6  d.;  but  there  are  a  few 
larger  ones.) 

•  •••••  •• 

Summa  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d. 

•  •••••  •  • 

Et  oneratur  infra  summam  predictam  de  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d. 
de  excessubus  et  finibus  diuersorum  per  rotulum,  videlicet,  de 
finibus,  excessubus,  exitibus  et  amerciamentis  coram  Andrea 
Peuerell  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  operariorum  in  comitatu  Sus¬ 
sex’  assignatis  annis  xxxi0  et  xxxiid0;  quos  quidem'  iiii  li. 
iiii  s.  ii  d.  abbas  de  Fiscampo  presens  per  Iohannem  de  Holt, 
attornatum  suum,  clamat  ad  ipsum  abbatem  pertinere  debere 
per  cartas  Regis,  vt  de  finibus  hominum  et  integre  tenencium 
suorum  apud  Horsham,  Stenyng  et  alios  locos  1  in  comitatu 


1  MS.  aliis  locis. 


384* 


APPENDIX 


Sussex’  et  quorum  quidem  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d.  particule  et  nomina 
eas  debencium  continentur  in  quadam  cedula  quam  dictus  abbas 
per  dictum  attornatum  suum  liberauit  hie,  et  que  taciatur  huic 
rotulo;  super  quo  clameo  dictus  nunc  vicecomes,  videlicet, 
Rogerus  Daber  presens  hie  per  Walterum  atte  Brok,  attornatum 
suum,  allocutus,  iuratus  et  examinatus  dicit  per  sacramentum 
suum  quod  omnes  debitores  quorum  nomina  continentur  in 
dicta  cedula  sunt  homines  et  integre  tenentes  dicti  abbatis  in 
diuersis  locis  in  comitatu  Sussex’.  Nichilominus,  nondum  fit 
allocacio  de  predictis  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d.,  eo  quod  in  statuto  facto 
apud  Westmonasterium  die  Lune  proximo  post  septimanam 
Pasche  anno  xxxi0,  concordatum  fuit  quod . (There  fol¬ 

lows  a  literal  translation  in  Latin  of  the  clause  giving  the  penal¬ 
ties  to  the  lords;  app.,  18)  et  viso  titulo  dicte  extracte  per  quam 
dicti  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d.  de  excessubus  et  finibus  exacti  fuerunt, 
non  fit  mencio  in  eodem  titulo  nec  alibi  in  dicta  extracta  quan¬ 
tum  de  eisdem  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d.  sunt  de  finibus  et  quantum  de 
excessubus,  nec  quantum  inde  nomine  finium  admissum  fuit 
ante  dictum  diem  Lune  proximum  post  septimanam  Pasche 
anno  xxxi0  et  quantum  post.  Ideo  concordatum  est  quod  man- 
detur  prefatis  iusticiariis  quod  certificent  hie  inde.  Et  manda- 
tum  est  eis  per  breue  cuius  transscriptum  dicte  cedule  tachiatur 
pro  informacione  etc.,  ita  quod  certificent  hie  in  octabis  Sancti 
Michaelis.  Et  idem  dies  datus  est  prefato  abbati  ad  audien- 
dum,  faciendum  et  recipiendum  inde  quod  etc.  Et  tarn  dictus 
abbas  quam  dictus  vicecomes  interim  habeant  respectum  etc. 
Iniunctumque  est  eidem  abbati  quod  interim  sequatur,  ita 
quod  certificacionem  dictorum  iusticiariorum  habeat  hie  inde 
ad  dictas  octabas  alioquin  tunc  fiet  execucio  versus  ipsum  abba- 
tem  de  predictis  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d.  tanquam  de  claro  debito.1 

. Et  postmodum,  videlicet,  ad  dictas  octabas  Sancti 

Michaelis  predicti  iusticiarii  operariorum  non  certificarunt  pro 
dicto  abbate  de  Fiscampo  nec  idem  abbas  venit  ad  prosequen- 

1  There  follow  here  statements  as  to  the  payment  of  the  salaries  of 
the  justices  of  labourers  as  well  as  some  other  accounts,  none  of  them 
concerned  with  the  abbot’s  claim. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


385  * 

dum  allocacionem  suam  de  predictis  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d.  Ideo  fiat 
execucio  versus  ipsum  abbatem  inde  quousque  aliud  etc.  Et 
preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  non  omittat  propter  libertatem 
ipsius  abbatis  quin  etc.  et  fieri  facial;  ita  etc.  in  crastino  Sancti 
Martini  Regi  in  exoneracionem  dicti  nuper  vicecomitis  soluen- 
dum,  sicut  continetur  in  Memorandis  de  anno  xxxvto  inter 

Breuia  retornabilia  de  termino  Sancti  Michaelis . 

Postea  dictus  abbas  de  Fiscampo  venit  per  dictum  attornatum 
suum  et  dicit  quod  licet  diligenter  prosecutus  fuerit  versus 
dictos  iusticiarios  operariorum  de  habendo  certificacionem  quan¬ 
tum  est  de  finibus  et  quantum  de  excessubus  de  iiii  li.  iiii  s. 
ii  d.  predictis,  iidem  tamen  iusticiarii  certificacionem  illam 
facere  distulerunt  hucusque,  petens  quod  mandetur  eisdem  ius- 
ticiariis  vt  prius.  Ideo  mandetur  eis  sicut  alias;  ita  etc.  in 
octabis  Sancti  Hillarii.  Et  idem  abbas  interim  habeat  respec- 
tum  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem,  predictus  abbas  venit  per  dictum  attornatum 
suum.  Et  prefati  Andreas  Peuerell  et  socii  sui  iusticiarii  re-, 
tornant  breue  cum  quadam  cedula  eidem  tachiata  et  mandant 
quod  omnes  fines  et  excessus  in  eadem  cedula  contenti  facti  et 
adiudicati  fuerunt  coram  eisdem  iusticiariis  die  Lune  proximo 
post  quindenam  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  xxxi0.  Qua  quidem 
cedula  visa  et  cum  dicto  rotulo  de  finibus  examinata  concordant 
in  nominibus  et  summa  totali  predictorum  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  ii  d.  De 
qua  summa,  xxxv  s.  vi  d.  sunt  de  finibus  et  xlviii  s.  viii  d.  sunt 
de  excessubus  coram  eis  receptis  et  adiudicatis  in  forma  pre¬ 
dicta.  Et  scrutatis  rotulis  super  allocacionibus  factis  prefato 
abbati  de  huiusmodi  finibus  tenencium  suorum,  compertum  est 
in  Magno  Rotulo  de  anno  xxxiii0  in  Glouc’ 1  quod  huiusmodi 
fines  allocantur  prefato  abbati  per  libertatem  cartarum  Regis. 
Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  fiat  allocacio  eidem  abbati  de  pre¬ 
dictis  xxxv  s.  vi  d.  de  finibus  predictis  et  quod  de  residuis 
xlviii  s.  viii  d.  qui  sunt  de  excessubus  satisfiat  Regi,  prout  etc.2 


1  Cf.  app.,  387-388. 


*See  app.,  384,  note  1. 


386* 


APPENDIX 


( Cf .  Mem.  L.  T.  R.,  33,  Mich.,  Recorda,  rot.  14;  Norhtb 
De  clameo  abbatis  de  Burgo  Sancti  Petri,  for  examples  of  the 
writ  and  certificate  referred  to.) 

Edwardus  1  [etc.],  Hugoni  de  Northburgh  et  sociis  suis  [etc.] 
Volentes  certis  de  causis  cerciorari  que  et  quot  fines,  amercia- 
menta  et  exitus  forisfacti  in  sessionibus  vestris  anno  regni  nos- 
tri  Anglie  tricesimo  primo  vsque  ad  clausum  Pasche  eodem 
anno,  quo  die  parliamentum  nostrum  incepit,  facta,  affirata  et 
adiudicata  fuerunt  et  de  quibus  personis,  vobis  mandamus  quod 
scrutatis  rotulis  vestris  de  sessionibus  predictis  nos  inde  sub 
sigillis  vestris  in  cancellaria  nostra  reddatis  distincte  et  aperte 
certiores,  hoc  breue  nobis  remittentes.2 

Teste  me  ipso  [etc.]. 

Quod  quidem  breue  indorsatur  sic.  Responsum  Hugonis  de 
Northburgh,  iusticiarii  etc. 

Omnia  fines,  amerciamenta  et  exitus  forisfacti  de  sessione 
nostra  de  anno  xxxi0  mandauimus  ad  scaccarium  domini  Regis 
per  extractas  nostras  que  versus  curiam  remanent,  vt  patet  per 
rotulos  et  extractas  nostros  predictos.  Set  ante  clausum 
Pasche  eodem  anno  xxxi0  nulla  fuerunt  fines,  amerciamenta, 
nec  exitus  forisfacti  coram  nobis  afforata  vel  adiudicata. 

(The  following  writ  recorded  in  the  latter  claim  usually 
appears :) 

Edwardus  [etc.],  thesaurario  et  baronibus  de  scaccario,  salu- 
tem.  Quandam  certificacionem  nobis  in  cancellaria  nostra  ad 
mandatum  nostrum  missam  vobis  mittimus  sub  pede  sigilli 
nostri  presentibus  interclusam,  mandantes  vt  inspecta  certifica- 
cione  predicta  vlterius  ad  prosecucionem  dilecti  nobis  in  Christo 
abbatis  de  Burgo  Sancti  Petri  coram  vobis  in  scaccario  predicto 
facere  valeatis,  quod  de  iure  et  secundum  legem  et  consuetu- 
dinem  regni  nostri  Anglie  fore  videritis  faciendum. 

Teste  me  ipso  [etc.]. 

1  The  usual  form. 

1  In  some  cases  the  separation  of  fines  from  excess  is  also  mentioned. 


387  * 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 

Exchequer,  K.  R.,  Accounts,  110/25.  Gloucester. 

Glouc’  Abbas  de  Fiscampo  clamat  et  oneratur. 

De  extractis  finium,  exituum  et  amerciamentorum  coram 
Thoma  de  Berkeley  de  Cubberle  et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini 
Regis  de  laborariis,  artificibus  et  seruitoribus  ac  de  ponderibus 
et  mensuris  in  comitatu  Glouc’  audiendum  et  terminandum 
assignatis,  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  xxxi0  vsque  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  anno  xxxiid0. 

Summa  totalis  xxiii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d. ;  quam  quidem  summam 
abbas  de  Fiscampo  per  Willelmum  Mayel,  balliuum  suum, 
clamat  ad  ipsum  abbatem  pertinere  debere  per  libertatem  dicti’ 
abbatis  vt  de  hominibus  et  integre  tenentibus  suis  in  diuersis 
villis  et  locis  in  comitatu  predicto. 


(Endorsement.) 

Has  iii  cedulas  liberauit  hie  abbas  de  Fiscampo  per  Willel¬ 
mum  Maiel,  attornatum  suum,  super  compotum  vicecomitis 
Glouc’  ad  quindenam  Purificacionis  beate  Marie  Virginis,  anno 
xxxiiiito  Regis  Edwardi  tercii,  et  clamat  omnia  debita  in  pre¬ 
dicts  cedulis  contenta  ad  ipsum  abbatem  pertinere  per  liber¬ 
tatem,  vt  de  finibus  hominum  et  integre  tenencium  suorum  in 
diuersis  villis  et  locis  in  comitatu  predicto. 

(Parts  of  the  roll  are  illegible,  but  nearly  all  the  legible 
entries  are  “de  fine  pro  eodem,”  i.  e.  “  excessu,”  or  merely 
“  pro  fine.”) 

Pipe  Roll,  204,  33  Edw.  III.  Glouc’. 

Abbas  de  Fiscampo  per  Willelmum  Mayel,  attornatum  suum, 
reddit  compotum  de  xxii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  de  pluribus  debitis  sicut 
infra  continetur,  videlicet,  de  finibus  diuersorum  hominum  et 
tenencium  ipsius  abbatis  in  diuersis  villatis  huius  comitatus, 
quorum  hominum  et  tenencium  nomina  et  summe  finium  illorum 
continentur  in  tribus  cedulis  vnde  idem  abbas  oneratur  inter 
totalia  sua  in  rotulo  de  extractis  finium,  exituum  et  amercia- 


APPENDIX 


388* 

mentorum  coram  Thoma  de  Berkele  de  Cubberle  et  sociis  suis 
iusticiariis  Regis  de  laborariis,  artificibus  et  seruitoribus  ac  de 
ponderibus  et  mensuris  in  eodem  comitatu  audiendum  et  termi- 
nandum  assignatis,  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  xxxi  vsque 
festum  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  xxxiido;  quas  quidem  cedillas 
idem  abbas  per  dictum  attornatum  suum  super  liunc  compotum 
liberauit  et  que  sunt  inter  billas  de  termino  Sancti  Hillarii 
anno  xxxiiiit0  Regis  huius  vt  de  clameo  ipsius  abbatis  super 
compotum  vicecomitis  Glouc’  de  hoc  anno  xxxiii0  redditum  ad 
quindenam  Purificacionis  beate  Marie  dicto  anno  xxxiiiit0,  sicut 
continetur  in  Memorandis  de  eodem  anno  inter  Precepta  de 
termino  Sancti  Hillarii.  In  thesauro  nichil.  Et  eidem  abbati 
et  monachis  de  Fiscampo  cuius  homines  et  tenentes  in  predictis 
tribus  cedulis  contenti  integre  sunt  sicut  vicecomes  testatur, 
xxii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  predicti  per  libertatem  carte  Regis  et  per 
breue  Regis  irrotulatum  in  Memorandis  de  dicto  anno  xxxiiiito, 
termino  Pasche.  I11  quo  continetur  quod  quia  dicti  abbas  et 
monachi  per  cartas  progenitorum  Regis  quondam  Regum  An- 
glie  clamant  habere  diuersas  libertates  et  quietancias  quibus 
ipsi  et  predecessores  sui  abbates  et  monachi  loci  predicti  a  tem¬ 
pore  confeccionis  cartarum  predictarum  vsi  sunt,  sicut  dicunt, 
Rex  per  idem  breue  mandat  baronibus  quod  ipsos  abbatem  et 
monachos  et  eorum  procuratores  libertatibus  et  quietanciis  pre¬ 
dictis  et  earum  qualibet  in  scaccario  coram  eis  vti  et  gaudere 
permittant,  eas  eis  allocantes  iuxta  tenorem  cartarum  predic¬ 
tarum,  prout  ipsi  et  predecessores  sui  ac  eorum  procuratores 
vti  et  gaudere  consueuerunt,  et  per  scrutinium  inde  factum  et 
consideracionem  baronum  annotatam  in  Memorandis  de  dicto 
anno  xxxiiiit0,  et  sicut  huiusmodi  fines  allocantur  abbati  et 
monachis  de  Fiscampo  in  Rotulo  xvi  Regis  Henrici  in  Sussex’ 
per  libertatem  cartarum  Regis  adiudicatam  per  dominos  Wyn- 
toniensem,  Bathoniensem,  Dunolmiensem  et  Cicestriensem, 
episcopos,  et  per  dominos  S.  de  Segraue,  tunc  iusticiarium,  et 
Ricardum,  comitem  marescallum,  et  sicut  allocatum  est  eisdem 
abbati  et  monachis  in  Rotulo  xxii0  Regis  Edwardi,  filii  Regis 
Henrici,  in  Item  Sussex’.  Et  quietus  est. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  389  * 

Rotuli  Literarum  Patencium,  32  Edw.  Ill,  pt.  1,  m.  19. 

Pro  priore  et  fratribus  de  Henton,  ordinis  Cartusiensis. 

Rex  omnibus  ad  quos  etc.,  salutem.  Supplicarunt  nobis  di- 
lecti  nobis  in  Christo  prior  et  fratres  de  Henton,  ordinis 
Cartusiensis,  vt  cum  domus  sua  in  loco  solitudinis  situetur,  et 
iuxta  ordinis  sui  regulam,  extra  domum  predictam  pro  victuum 
suorum  necessariis  querendis  personaliter  exire  nequeant  et 
paucos  aut  nullos  tenentes  ad  deseruiendum  eis  pro  terris  suis 
excolendis  de  quarum  prouentubus  sustentacio  sua  pro  maiori 
parte  prouenit  habeant,  dictique  tenentes  et  alii  qui  circa  cul- 
turam  terrarum  suarum  et  alia  necessaria  sua  laborant  ad  pro- 
secucionem  quorundam  eosdem  tenentes  et  seruientes  grauare 
machinancium,  adeo  coram  iusticiariis  nostris  ad  statutum  et 
ordinacionem  de  operariis,  seruientibus  et  artificibus  conser- 
uanda  per  amerciamenta  et  grauamina  diuersa,  racione  more 
sue  in  seruicio  dictorum  prioris  et  fratrum  infestati  sint  et  in- 
quietati,  quod  in  eorum  seruicio  morari  non  audent,  et  si  forsan 
ipsi  tenentes  et  seruientes  taliter  ab  eorum  seruicio  recederent, 
de  eorum  prioris  et  fratrum  sustentacione  disperaretur,  velimus 
indempnitati  eorundem  prioris  et  fratrum  ac  tenencium  et  ser- 
uientum  suorum  ne  per  huiusmodi  callidas  machinaciones  pre- 
grauentur  prouidere  graciose.  Nos  statui  dictorum  prioris  et 
fratrum  qui  semper  in  domo  sua  predicta  remanent  sic  inclusi 
compacientes,  volentesque  consideracione  premissorum  predictis 
priori  et  fratribus  vt  ipsi  diuinis  obsequiis  iuxta  ordinis  sui 
regulam  melius  et  quiecius  intendere  valeant  graciam  facere 
specialem,  concessimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  prefatis 
priori  et  fratribus  omnia  fines,  redempciones,  exitus  forisfactos 
et  amerciamenta  que  ad  nos  pertinent  vel  pertinere  poterunt 
pro  transgressionibus,  delictis  et  excessibus  quibuscumque  de 
quibus  ipsi  tenentes  et  seruientes  coram  dictis  iusticiariis  sunt 
impetiti,  vel  impeti  aut  occasionari  valeant  in  futurum,  durante 
statuto  et  ordinacione  predictis ;  ita  quod  iidem  prior  et  fratres 
et  successores  sui  per  balliuos  suos  fines,  redempciones,  exitus 
forisfactos  et  amerciamenta  tenencium  et  seruientum  suorum 


APPENDIX 


39°  * 

predictorum  coram  predictis  iusticiariis  adiudicata  et  adiudi- 
canda  per  extractas  ipsorum  iusticiariorum  eisdem  balliuis 
liberandas  leuare,  colligere  et  percipere  possint  sine  occasione’ 
vel  impedimento  nostri  vel  heredum  nostrorum,  iusticiariorum, 
vicecomitum,  coronatorum  aut  balliuorum  seu  ministrorum 
nostrorum  quorumcumque.  Concessimus  eciam  prefatis  priori 
et  fratribus  quod  ipsi  vel  fratres  conuersi  eiusdem  domus,  aut 
alii  seruientes  sui  pro  coriis  de  animalibus  suis  propriis  vel  pro 
aliis  coriis  per  ipsos  ad  opus  ipsorum  prioris  et  fratrum  emptis 
vel  emendis  et  in  tannaria  domus  sue  predicte  tannatis  vel 
tannandis,  et  postmodum  pro  eorum  commodo  pro  precio  inter 
ipsos  et  dictorum  coriorum  emptores  concordato  venditis  seu 
vendendis  racione  empcionis  vel  vendicionis  huiusmodi  coram 
prefatis  iusticiariis  aut  aliis  ministris  nostris  non  impetantur, 
molestentur  in  aliquo  seu  grauentur. 

In  cuius  etc.,  teste  Rege,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xiiii  die 
Aprilis. 

Per  ipsum  Regem. 

Consimiles  literas  Regis  habent  prior  et  fratres  de  Witham 
eiusdem  ordinis,  sub  eadem  data. 

(Cf.  Mem.  K.  R.,  35,  Mich.,  Breu.  Baron.,  rot.  1  d;  Pro 
priore  de  Henton.  A  writ  of  the  great  seal  to  the  treasurer 
and  barons  ordering  the  allowance  to  be  made  in  accordance 
with  the  letter  patent.1) 

dn  this  enrollment  the  letter  patent  is  referred  to  as  dated  14  Aug. 
instead  of  14  April. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


391 


* 


E.  Records  of  the  Old  Local  Courts.  (Cf.  pt.  ii,  ch.  i.) 

For  an  account  of  the  sources,  see  app.,  3,  and  pt.  ii,  ch.  i. 

Extracts  from  Assise  Rolls  and  Court  Rolls. 

Chester,  Palatinate  of.  Indictment  Roll,  4.  27  Edw.  Ill — 

I  R.  II.  45  membranes.1 

Indictamenta  de  Officio  ad  Comitatum  Cestriae. 

m.  4  d.  Inquisicio  capta  apud  Wycum  Malbum  coram 
Thoma  de  Dutton,  vicecomite,  die  Lune  proximo  ante 
festum  Conuercionis  Sancti  Pauli,  anno  regni  Regis 
Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu  tricesimo  primo,  per 
sacramentum  Ricardi  de  Munshull  et  aliorum  etc.  qui 
dicunt  super  sacramentum  suum  quod  Agnes  Tope, 
reper,  nuper  manens  in  Worleston,  Matheus  le 
Walshemon,  tasker  et  communis  malefactor,  manens  in 
ITurdeleston,  Matilldis,  filia  Ricardi  Hobbekynessone, 
ceperunt  nimium  stipendium  contra  statutum.  Et 
quod  Willelmus  Blundel,  cartewright,  cepit  duos  sol- 
idos  communiter  pro  factura  vnius  carecte,  ii  s.  con¬ 
tra  statutum  etc.  Et  quod  Willelmus  Arthur,  laborer, 
est  communis  transgressor  et  cepit  nimium  stipendium 
contra  statutum  etc. 

(Similar  presentments  on  the  following  Wednes- 
day.) 

m.  9  d.  Comitatus  Cestr’,  die  Martis  proximo  post  festum 
Sancte  Trinitatis,  anno  regni  ....  xxxiii0. 

Coram  vicecomite. 

Inquisicio  capta  apud  Goldbournford  coram  Thoma 
de  Dutton,  vicecomite  etc.,  die  Veneris  proximo  post 
festum  Sancti  Iohannis  ante  Portam  Latinam,  anno 
. tricesimo  tercio. 

x  List  of  Plea  Rolls,  under  the  heading:  “  Assize  Rolls.” 


392 


APPENDIX 


(Presentments  by  jurors.) 

•  ••••••• 

Et  quod  Mad  *  1  le  Taxeser,  manens  in  Salghton, 
fregit  statutum  per  mercedem  incongruum . 

Inquisicio  capta  coram  prefato  vicecomite,  predictis 

die  et  loco  per  sacramentum . 

Qui  dicunt  super  sacramentum  suum  quod  Iohan- 
nes,*  prepositus  de  Coton,  conduxit  messores  et  alios 
operarios  nimis  excessiue  ad  opus  abbatis  Cestr’  con¬ 
tra  statutum,  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie 
tricesimo  secundo.  Et  quod  Ricardus  de  Coton  * 
conduxit  operarios  contra  formam  statuti,  anno  regni 
domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  vicesimo  nono  apud  Sutton. 
Et  quod  Hugo  le  Walshemon  *  manens  in  Cestria, 
mower,  cepit  salarium  contra  statutum,  anno  regni 
domini  Regis  nunc  tricesimo  secundo,  et  quod  Ricar¬ 
dus  de  Biyonde,*  operarius,  cepit  eodem  modo,  eodem 
anno.  Et  quod  Elena,  seruiens  Ricardi  le  Strenger, 
manens  in  Cestr’  venit  in  forinceco,  anno  regni  domini 
Regis  nunc  tricesimo  secundo  et  cepit  salarium  contra 
statutum  etc.  Et  quod  Iohannes  de  Aston,  quondam 
seruiens  Ade,  filii  Thome  de  Wyruyn,  operarius,  cepit 
salarium  contra  statutum,  anno  regni  domini  Regis 
nunc  Anglie  tricesimo  secundo. 

•  ••••••• 

(Presentments  for  felonies  interspersed  among 
these  for  excess  wages.) 

Court  Rolls,  Portfolio  176,  no.  6. 2 

Gloucester,  Slaughter  Hundred.8  28-29  Edw.  III. 

JThe  asterisk  indicates  that  “  finis”  is  over  the  name. 

2 List  and  Index  of  Court  Rolls  preserved  in  the  Public  Record  Office. 
The  remaining  references  in  this  section  are  to  this  same  List  and  Index . 

3  At  this  period  Slaughter  hundred  was  held  by  the  abbey  of  Fiscampe 
of  William  de  Clinton,  earl  of  Huntingdon;  Rudder’s  Gloucestershire 
( 1779),  665,  6.  I  am  indebted  to  Miss  M.  T.  Martin  for  this  reference- 


m.  6. 


m.  6  d. 
Lex. 


m.  ii. 


Miser  i- 
cordia 
precep- 
tum  est. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  393  * 

Sloughtr’  hundredum  tentum  ibidem  die  Martis 
tercio  die  March,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
post  conquestum  vicesimo  nono. 

Iohannes  Nowers  optulit  se  per  attornatum  suum, 
supra,1  versus  Hugonem  Symond  de  placito  conuen- 
cionis,  vnde  queritur  quod  idem  Hugo  detenuit  Iohan- 
nem,  seruientem  dicti  lohannis,  a  festo  Sancti  Mich- 
aelis  vltimo  vsque  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  proxime 
sequens,  contra  conuencionem  inde  inter  eos  factam, 
eo  quod  conuenit  inter  eos,  certo  die  et  anno  apud 
Cherhull,  quod  predictum  seruientem  adduxisse  de- 
buisset  apud  Cherhull  predicta  die  festi  Sancti  Mich¬ 
aelis  predicto,  ad  seruiendum  predicto  lohanni  vnde 
nichil  actum  fuit,  ad  dampnum  predicti  lohannis 
Nowers  de  xx  s.  vt  dicit,  vnde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  predictus  Hugo  venit  et  dicit  quod  nullam  con¬ 
uencionem  inde  cum  dicto  lohanne  fecit  et  hoc  para- 
tus  est  defendere  per  legem,  vnde  habet  diem  vsque 
ad  proximam  hie  ad  faciendum  legem  se  xii  manu  et 
sunt  plegii  de  lege,  Ricardus  Marchal  et  Walterus 
lanyns. 

Sloughtre  hundredum  tentum  ibidem  die  Martis  in 
vigilia  festi  Marie  Magdalene,  anno  regni  .  .  xxixmo. 
•  »••••»• 

Iohannes  Flour  et  Alicia,  vxor  eius,  attachiati  sunt 
per  plegium  lohannis  Watt  (iii  d.)  et  lohannis  Hickes 
(iii  d.)  ad  respondendum  Roberto  Westmocote,  bal- 
liuo  Gilberti  Chasteleyn,  apud  Sloughtr’  de  placito 
transgressionis  contra  formam  statuti  de  victualariis 
etc. ;  et  modo  non  veniunt  predicti  Iohannes  Flour  et 
Alicia ;  ideo  plegii  predicti  in  misericordia,  et  precep- 
tum  est  sicut  pluries  distringere  dictos  Iohannem  et 
Aliciam  quod  sint  ad  proximam  etc.,  ad  responden¬ 
dum  etc. 

•  «*••••• 

’The  attorney  had  been  named  in  a  previous  entry. 


APPENDIX 


394  * 

Portfolio  156,  no.  10.  29-30  Eclw.  III. 

Chester. 

m.  5  d.  Northwich.  Curia  tenta  die  Mercurii  x  die  March, 

anno  tricesimo. 


m.  6.  Miseri- 

cordia  i  d. 


Miseri¬ 
cordia  vi  d. 


Seruiens  in  misericordia  quia  non  fecit 
officium  suum,  videlicet,  quia  non  distrin- 
geret  Matildem,  vxorem  Willelmi  del  Gip- 
hole,  ad  respondendum  Willelmo  Gregges- 
sone  in  placito  conuencionis,  et  nichilo- 
minus  preceptum  est  distringere  citra 
proximam. 

Willelmus  del  Giphole  est  ad  legem  ad 
sectam  predicti  Willelmi  in  placito  predicto 
etc.  per  plegium  Hugonis  de  Leghton  et 
Iohannis  de  Merbury.  Postea  dictus  Wil¬ 
lelmus  de  Giphole  cognouit  hie  in  curia 
quod  vxor  eius  fecit  conuencionem  cum 
predicto  Willelmo  Greggessone  ad  deser- 
uiendum  sibi  bene  et  fideliter  per  vnum 
annum,  prout  ipse  pro  ea  manucepit.  Ideo 
consideratum  est  per  indicium  quod  dictus 
Willelmus  Greggessone  habeat  conuencio¬ 
nem  predictam,  et  nichilominus  predicti 
Willelmus  del  Giphole  et  Agnes,  vxor  eius, 
in  misericordia,  plegii  tarn  de  conuencione 
quam  de  misericordia. 


Miseri-  Iohannes  Cady  queritur  de  Edde  Carne- 

cordia  iiii  d.  fray  de  placito  noui  statuti,  plegius  de 

prosequendo  Willelmus  Batessone,  plegius 
de  respondendo  Iohannes  Cady,  et  vnde 
queritur  quod  fregit  conuencionem  sibi  ad 
dampna  etc.  Et  defendens  cognoscit;  ideo 
consideratum  est  quod  predictus  Iohannes 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


395  * 

habeat  conuencionem  etc.  et  predicta  Edde 
in  misericordia  per  plegium  dicti  Iohannis 
etc. 

•  •  •  •  •  • 

m.  io.  Magna  curia  tenta  die  Mercurii  xiii  die  Iulii, 

anno  tricesimo. 

•  ••••••* 

m.  io  d.  Robertus  le  Crouther  per  attornatum  suum  quer- 
Lex.  itur  de  Alicia  que  fuit  vxor  Roberti  Dobbessone  in 

placito  noui  statuti.  Et  vnde  dicit  quod  cepit  ser- 
uientem  predicti  Roberti  de  seruicio  suo  infra  ter- 
minum  quo  conductus  fuit  cum  ipso  Roberto,  ad 
dampna  xx  s.  etc. 

Et  defendens  negat;  ideo  ad  legem,  per  plegium 
Michaelis  Skot  et  Iohannis  de  Merbury. 

Portfolio  156,  no.  26.  29-30  Edw.  III. 

Cornwall. 

m.  3.  Blakemore.  Adhuc  de  Curia  Stannarii  de  Blakemore 

tenta  apud  Lostwithiel  die  Martis  in  vigilia 

Sancte  Katerine  Virginis,  anno  xxix°. 

< 

•  ••••• 

m.  3  d.  Inquisicio.  Inquisicio  inter  Iohannem  Rydet,  iuni- 

orem,  querentem  (non  prosecutus  est)  et 
Willelmum  Trilleway,  de  placito  conuen- 
cionis  ipsum  seruiendi  per  certum  tempus, 
ad  dampnum  suum  x  s.  Remanet  pro  de- 
fectu  iurate. 

•  ••••••* 

Portfolio  176,  no.  43.  24-27  Edw.  III. 

Hereford. 

m.  3.  Curia  fratris  Willelmi  de  Belhous,  prioris  de  Clyf- 
ford,  tenta  die  Sabbati  proximo  post  festum  Annuncia- 
cionis  beate  Marie,  anno  .  .  .  vicesimo  sexto. 


396  * 
m.  4  . 


APPENDIX 


Adam  Bercarius  attachiatur  per  plegium  balliui  pro 
eo  quod  ablongauit  seruientes  domini  ad  dampnum  etc., 
et  pro  eo  quod  pascuit  vi  oues.  Et  dictus  Adam  esso- 
niatus  est  supra  i°.  Et  sic  remanet. 

(At  the  same  court  “  tenta  die  Sabbati  xix  die 
mensis  Maii.”) 

Ad  istam  curiam  Adam  Bercarius  allocutus  de  eo 
quod  ablongauit  Iohannem  Vynch  et  Iohannem,  filium 
Walteri,  seruientes  domini,  de  seruicio  domini,  qui  dicit 
quod  nullos  seruientes  ablongauit  vt  impositum  est 
eidem,  et  ad  hoc  vadiauit  legem  per  plegium  balliui. 

Portfolio  182,  no.  17.  32-33  Edw.  III. 

Kent. 

m.  3  d.  Wy  Curia  tenta  ibidem  in  crastino  Sancti  Martini, 
anno  regni  .  .  .  xxxii°. 

•  «•(•••• 
Compertum  est  per  inquisicionem  quod  Iohan- 
nes  Delman  iniuste  cepit  contra  statutum  domini 
Regis  seruientem  Willelmi  atte  Toune  extra  ser- 
uicium  suum  ad  dampnum  viii  d.  et  dictus  Iohan- 
nes  Delman  in  misericordia.  Et  preceptum  est 
fieri  facere  de  bonis  et  catallis  ipsius  Iohannis 
dictos  viii  d.  ad  vsum  ipsius  Willelmi  taxatos  per 
inquisicionem. 

Portfolio  203,  no.  29.  29-30  Edw.  III. 

Suffolk. 

m  1  d.  Curia  de  Chilton  tenta  xxviii  die  Octobris. 

anno  xxixmo. 

*••••••• 

Misericordia  Compertum  est  per  inquisicionem  in  quam  lo- 
xii  d.  hannes  le  Skynnere  (vi  d.)  et  Ricardus  le 

Whyghte  (vi  d.)  se  posuerunt  ad  sectam  domine 


Recu- 

peracio. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  397  * 

quod  iidem  non  tenent  conuencionem  inter  eos 
factam  eo  quod  non  veniunt  ad  seruiendum  dom- 
ine  in  autumpno.  Ideo  iidem  Iohannes  et  Ricar- 
dus  sint  in  misericordia. 


Preceptum  est  venire  bonam  inquisicionem  ad 
certificandum  curie  de  hiis  qui  capiunt  vltra  stat- 
utum  ex  quacumque  causa  etc. 

m.  2.  Curia  de  Chilton  tenta  xviii0  die  Nouembris, 

anno  xxix0. 


Adhuc  preceptum  est  venire  bonam  inquisic¬ 
ionem  ad  certificandum  curie  de  hiis  qui  capiunt 
contra  statutum  ex  quacumque  causa. 

Portfolio  197,  no.  120.  27-28  Edw.  III. 

Shropshire. 

m.  1.  (Heading  of  court  missing.  Next  court  on 

same  membrane  is  “  patria  de  Ruyton,”  in  27th 
year.) 


Exigi  facias  Margeriam,  filiam  Ricardi  Nicols, 
Iohannem  (quietus  est),  filium  Iohannis  Bette 
[etc.]1  de  curia  in  curiam  si  non  comparuerint  et 
si  comparuerint  tunc  eos  capias  et  saluo  custodias 

Proxima.  ita  quod  eos  habeas  ad  proximam  curiam  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  domino  de  statutis  laborancium  per 
ipsos  fractis  etc.  hie  in  curia. 

No.  121.  29-30  [Edw.  III]. 

m.  2  d.  Curia  ville  de  Ruyton  tenta  die  Iouis  in  festo 

Sancti  Barnabe  apostoli,  anno  xxix. 


1  Forty-five  others  named,  more  women  than  men;  “  ponit  se,” 
“  ponit  plegium,”  or  “  ex’  ”  over  some  of  the  names. 


APPENDIX 


398* 

Misericordie  Inquisicio  capta  super  seruientes  et  artifices  qui 
vi  s.  viii  d.  ceperunt  contra  ordinacionem  statuti  facta  per 
de  ser-  sacramentum  .  .  }  qui  dicunt  quod  .  .  .2  omnes 

uientibus.  illos  et  illas  fregisse  statutum ;  ideo  in  miseri- 

cordia. 

No.  122.  30-32  [Edw.  III]. 

m.  3.  Ruyton.  Curia  laborancium  patrie  tenta  die  Iouis 

proximo  post  festum  Purificacionis  beate  Marie, 
anno  xxxim0. 


Miser  icordia 
xii  d. 


Ricardus  Holigost  et  Elena  vxor  eius,3  po- 
nunt  se  in  graciam  domini  et  affidaverunt,  et 
inueniunt  hos  plegios,  videlicet,  Henricum 
Cutte  et  Nicholaum  de  Monford. 


Misericordia  Iohannes,  seruiens  Ieuan,  ponit  se  et  affidauit 
vi  d.  per  plegium  Ieuan  ap  Iorum. 


Misericordia 
vi  d. 


Isabella,  seruiens  Iohannis  Aleyns,  ponit  se 
et  affidauit  per  plegium  ipsius  Iohannis  Aleyns. 


Misericordia  Willelmus  Iankyns  ponit  se  et  affidauit  per 
nulla.  plegium  Iohannis  Aleyns. 

Misericordia  Willelmus  de  Coton  ponit  se  et  affidauit  per 
nulla.  plegium  Philippi  Aleyns. 

Quia  testatum  est  per  taxatores  quod  cep¬ 
erunt  moderate  etc. 


m.  7.  Curia  patrie  de  Ruyton  tenta  die  Lune  prox¬ 

imo  ante  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  Archangeli^ 
anno  xxximo. 

1  Three  jurors. 

2  Eleven  names.  I  leave  the  clerk’s  infinitive  after  ‘‘quod/' 

*  “  Ponunt  etc.,”  “affid.”  written  above  the  names. 


Misericordia 
ii  d. 

m.  8. 


Finis 

supersedeas. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  399  * 

Iohannes  le  Taillour  pro  excessiua  mercede 
capta,  vt  ipsemet  cognouit,  in  misericordia. 

Curia  generalis  patrie  de  Ruyton  tenta  die 
Martis  proximo,  in  vigilia  omnium  Sanctorum, 
xxxi0. 

Curia  parua  tenta  ibidem,  die  et  anno  pre- 
dictis. 

% 

•  ••••••• 

Galfridus  de  Stanwardyn,  Thomas  Russell,. 
Iohannes  Balle,  quia  non  habuerunt  Iohannem 
le  Taillour  vtlagatum  pro  eo  quod  cepit  exces- 
sum  et  expatriauit,  committuntur  custodie 
quousque  finem  inde  fecerint. 


400 


APPENDIX 


* 


F.  Records  of  the  Central  Courts.  (C/.  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii.) 
For  an  account  of  the  sources,  see  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  I. 

1.  Extracts  from  Ancient  Indictments  and  Assize  Rolls. 

2.  Form  of  writs,  counts,  exigends,  pardons  for  outlawry  from 

the  Registrum,  Novae  Narrationes ,  Coroners’  Rolls  and 
Patent  Rolls. 

3.  List  of  44  reports  from  Year  Books  and  abridgments  and 

of  the  corresponding  records  from  Coram  Rege  and  De 
Banco  Rolls. 

4.  Cases  44,  31,  6,  42  and  20. 

5.  Cases  10,  17,  28,  32  and  36. 

6.  Cases  9,  38  and  43. 

/.  Extracts  from  Ancient  Indictments  and  Assise  Rolls. 

For  an  account  of  this  series  of  documents,  see  app.,  143 ; 
also  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  1  and  s.  3. 

Ancient  Indictments,  Dorset,  no.  19. 

(A  bundle  of  about  40  crumpled  membranes.) 
Whitewey. 

Inquisicio  capta  apud  Shirebourn  coram  Rege  die  Mercurii 
proxima  post  festum  Sancte  Petronille,  anno  regni  Regis  Ed- 
wardi  tercii  post  conquestum  xxxii0  per  sacramentum . 

Shafton. 

Iurati  dicunt  quod . 

Item  dicunt  quod  Thomas  Trente  cepit  extorsiue  pro  xl  bus- 
sellis  mensurandis  et  sigillandis  apud  Shafton  xx  s. ;  videlicet, 
pro  quolibet  bussello  vi  d.,  videlicet,  de  Iohanne  Chirchey  vi  d. 

et  sic  de  pluribus  aliis  ad  summam  predictam  anno  xxxi0 . 

Item  dicunt  quod  Walterus  Penystrong  et  Willelmus  Russel 
et  Ricardus  Chaldewell  de  Okford  Fitzpayn  et  Willelmus  de 
Assh  vendunt  pisces  nimis  care,  ad  dampnum  populi  et  contra 
statutum  domini  Regis  et  vsi  sunt  per  ii  annos  elapsos  etc. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


401 


* 


Assize  Roll,  Essex,  267.  25  Echv.  III.  66  membranes. 

Praesentationes  apud  Chelmsford. 

m.  39  d.  has  the  following  entry :  Presentaciones  coram  Rege 
termino  Michaelis,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  con- 
questum  Anglie  xxvto,  apud  Chelmersford  in  comitatu  Essex’. 

Coram  Rege  Roll,  no.  365,  Mich,  term  of  the  25th  year,  is 
headed  “  Westminster  and  Chelmsford.” 

In  view  of  this  evidence  it  is  clear  that  the  above  classifica¬ 
tion  as  an  “Assize  Roll”  is  erroneous  and  that  the  roll  belongs 
with  “coram  Rege”  indictments.  It  also  seems  probable  that 
those  membranes  of  Assize  Roll,  Essex,  268, 1  that  do  not  in¬ 
clude  proceedings  before  justices  of  labourers,  contain  “coram 
Rege”  presentments  similar  to  those  in  no.  267.  For  conven¬ 
ience  of  treatment  the  indictments  against  a  subsidy  collector 
recorded  in  both  these  rolls  have  been  taken  out  of  their  proper 
place  and  printed  in  the  section  on  the  subsidy.2 

m.  9  d.  Hundredum  de  Aungre.8 

Trans-  Item  presentant  quod  cum  Robertus  Gyppe  et 

gressio.  Iohannes,  filius  eius,  accusati  fuerint  de  artificio 

tannatoris  coram  Iohanne  de  Sutton  4  et  sociis  suis 
iusticiariis  domini  Regis  super  laborariis  et  artifi- 
cariis  apud  Chelmesford  anno  xxvt0,  venit  quidam 
Willelmus  Page,  balliuus  Thome  de  Lucy,  tunc 
vicecomitis  Essex’,  apud  Aungre,  die  Lune  in  septi- 
mana  Pentecostes,  anno  supradicto,  et  attachiauit 
predictos  Robertum  et  Ionannem  de  diuersis  trans- 
gressionibus  et  felon iis,  ita  quod  nisi  voluerint  in- 

1  See  app.,  169. 

1  App.,  265-267.  Since  a  number  of  selections  from  no.  268  are  printed 
under  both  the  heads  just  referred  to,  none  are  given  in  this  section. 

n  “  Inquisicio  ibidem  presentat  ”  is  understood  before  the  present¬ 
ments  in  the  hundred  of  Aungre;  “  iuratores  presentant”  before  the 
others. 

4 For  his  appointment,  cf.  app.,  126. 


402  * 


m.  io. 

Trans- 

gressio. 


Trans- 

gressio. 


APPENDIX 

uenisse  sufficientem  manucapcionem  essendi  ad 
proximam  deliberacionem  tunc  proxime  sequentem, 
volebat  ipsos  duxisse  vsque  ad  castrum  Colecestr’ ; 
ad  quam  deliberacionem  iidem  Robertus  et  Io- 
hannes  venerunt  coram  Ricardo  de  Wyllughby  et 
Willelmo  de  Notton  ad  standum  recto  iuxta  at- 
tachiamentum  predictum  et  nullum  indictamentum 
felonie  nec  transgressionis  tunc  super  ipsos  fuit 
inuentum;  ita  quod  dicti  iusticiarii  super  iniuria 
predicta  vehementer  mirabantur;  set  super  excessu 
artificii  sui  predicti  finem  fecerunt  coram  dictis  ius- 
ticiariis  et  presentant  quod  idem  Robertus,  causa 
dicti  attachiamenti  iniuste  facti,  expendit  in  denariis 
numeratis  x  marcas. 

•  ••••••• 

Item  presentant  quod  Edmundus  Coliere,  Iohan- 
nes,  dictus  Longeion,  Petrus  Esthey  et  Thomas  le 
Hirde,  vocatus  Marchal,  solebant  esse  communes 
laboratores  et  nunc  negant  laborare  nisi  excessiue 
capiant  etc. 

Item  presentant  quod  Iohannes  Leuenoch  de 
Stanford  Ryuers,  coopertor  domorum,  non  minus 
operare  quam  pro  qualibet  dieta  tres  denarios  et 
bona  cibaria  et  bonum  potum. 

Item  presentant  quod  Simon  Pykard,  carnifex  et 
piscenarius  et  candelarius  de  Aungre,  Iohannes 
Scot,  piscenarius  et  candelarius  et  pultarius  et  facit 
recia,  et  Willelmus  le  Cook,  carnifex  de  eadem 
villa,  vendunt  contra  ordinacionem. 

Item  presentant  quod  Alicia,  vxor  Willelmi  Sayer 
de  Westwode,  Margareta  atte  Strete,  Matillis,  vxor 
Willelmi  Walkok,  dryuere,  de  eadem,  bene  et  for- 
titer  sciunt  metere  et  nolunt  facere  causa  gleniandi, 
ad  magnum  dampnum. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  403  * 

Trans-  Item  presentant  quod  Iohannes  Pynchon,1  *  ro- 

gressio.  tarius,  manens  apud  Brendewode,  facit  artificium 
suum  nimis  care  et  vendit  contra  ordinacionem, 
videlicet,  par  rotarum  pro  x  s.  vbi  solebat  vendere 
pro  iiii  s. 

Trans-  Item  presentant  quod  Iohannes  Coke,  faber  de 

gressio.  Northwelde,  smyth  de  hundredo  de  Herlawe,  nimis 
capit  pro  artificio  suo,  ad  magnum  dampnum  et 
contra  statutum  etc. 

Trans-  Item  presentant  quod  Thomas  Faukoner  de  Mor- 

gressio,  ton,  carpentarius,  negat  facere  artificium  suum  ad 
magnum  dampnum  et  quando  facit  et  laborat  nimis 
excessiue  capit  pro  labore  contra  ordinacionem  etc. 

Item  presentant  quod  Ricardus  Beneyt  de  North¬ 
welde  de  hundredo  de  Herlawe,  plastarius,  est  nimis 
carus  de  artificio  suo  et  non  vult  laborare  nisi  ex¬ 
cessiue  capiat  pro  labore  suo  etc. 

m.  20.  Libertas  Episcopi  Eliensis. 

♦  ••••••• 

Item  dicunt  quod  Rogerus  Fresch,*  salterius  dd 
Wodeham  Ferers,  vendidit  i  quarterium  salis  pro 
Trans-  xii  s.  contra  statutum  ad  graue  dampnum  patrie  in 
gressio.  forma  predicta  et  contra  sacramentum  suum. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Willelmus  Vyncent  *  de  Wode¬ 
ham  Ferers  iuratus  fuit  coram  iusticiariis  domini 
Trans-  Regis  ad  vendendum  lagenam  ceruisie  pro  i  d.  ob., 
gressio.  et  post  iuramentum  suum  vendidit  i  lagenam  cer¬ 
uisie  pro  ii  d.  et  per  falsam  mensuram  contra  ordi¬ 
nacionem  et  contra  sacramentum  suum. 

m.  37.  Hundredum  de  Bekyntre. 


1  In  all  the  extracts  in  this  section  the  asterisk  indicates  that  in  the 
original  “  finem  fecit  ”  is  written  over  the  name. 


404* 


m.  37  d. 


m.  39. 
Trans- 
gressio. 


APPENDIX 

Item  dicunt  quod  Alicia  de  Tademere,*  Marga- 
reta  Tademere,*  et  Isabella  Hamondes,*  sunt  emp- 
tores  et  venditores  bladorum  in  locis  secretis  et  non 
manifeste  in  mercatis,  nec  volunt  cum  aliquo  in 
autumpno  metere  nec  aliquod  aliud  opus  extra 
autumpnum  facere  nisi  capere  valeant  in  triplum 
plus  quam  percipere  solebant.  Et  siquid  lane  fila- 
uerint,  capiunt  pro  i  libra  lane  filanda  vi  d.  et  anti- 
quitus  capere  solebant  pro  huiusmodi  filacione  ii  d. 
tantum,  contra  ordinaciones  Regis. 

•  »»••••• 

Item  dicunt  quod  Henricus  Caps,*  whelere,1  ven- 
didit  vnum  par  rotarum  ad  vii  s.  uel  ad  viii.  s.  nec 
vult  cum  aliquo  operari  per  vnum  diem  nisi  capeat 
per  diem  sustentacionem  ciborum  et  potuum  et  pro 
suo  stipendio  per  vnum  diem  vi  d.  contra  ordina- 
cionem  etc. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Iohannes  Bansted,*  tyghelere,2 
Iohannes  Holenam,*  carpentarius,  Iohannes  Ham- 
ond,  sawer3  et  falcator,  noluerunt  operari  secun¬ 
dum  formam  statuti,  sed  de  villa  de  Berkynge  vsque 
ad  London’  recesserunt  et  ibidem  moram  trahunt; 
set  vicissim  redeunt,  set  laborare  nolunt,  contra 
ordinaciones  domini  Regis  inde  factas,  in  magnam 
oppressionem  et  dampnum  populi,  et  quilibet  eorum 
capit  per  diem  quando  laborat  in  Essex’  viii  d.  et 
plus,  vbi  solebat  capere  iiii  d.  tantum. 

Item  iuratores  dicunt  quod  Ricardus  Lepere  *  de 
Stratford  facit  sportas  et  vannas  et  illas  vendidit 
contra  assisam,  videlicet,  vnam  vannam  pro  xviii  d. 
uel  ii  s.,  vbi  vendere  solebat  pro  x  d.  uel  viii  d.,  ad 


1  Written  above  “  rotarius  ”  which  has  a  line  through  it. 

3  Written  above  “  tegulator  ”  which  has  a  line  through  it. 

3 Written  above  “sarrator”  which  has  a  line  through  it. 


Trans- 

gressio. 


Trans- 

gressio. 


m.  43a. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  405  * 

graue  dampnum  Regis  et  tocius  populi  sui  et  contra 
statutum  etc. 

•  •«*•••* 

Item  clicunt  quod  Iohannes  Poggere,*  senior, 
Iohannes  Poggere,*  iunior,  Iohannes  Brok,*  Gal- 
fridus  Haryngeye,*  Willelmus  Speer,*  Stephanus 
Mayi,*  sunt  fullones  et  capiunt  pro  fullacione  iii 
pannorum  ad  molendinum  iii  s.  et  solebant  capere 
nisi  xvi  d.,  ad  dampnum  tocius  patrie  et  contra 
assisam  etc. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Iohannes  Bartholomeu,*  Wil¬ 
lelmus  Bette,*  et  Michael  le  Thecchere  *  de  West- 
hamme,  sunt  coopertores  et  nolunt  operari  nisi 
capiant  per  diem  iiii  d.  uel  v  d.  et  victum  suum  et 
nolunt  viuere  per  talem  victum  sicut  eis  decet  uel 
magister  illorum  facit  nisi  habeant  meliores,  in 
oppressionem  populi  et  contra  statutum  etc. 

Item  dicunt  quod  Willelmus  Haleman,*  Iohannes 
Thresshere,*  Adam  Bokeler,  Willelmus  Fotyng,* 
Iohannes  Morwan,  Iohannes  Tristram,  Thomas 
Auncel,  Iohannes  Roulond,*  Iohannes  Bacoun  et 
Iohannes  Capoun  tenent  carucas  suas  ad  locandum 
vicinis  suis  et  nolunt  minus  arare  per  acram  cum 
vicinis  suis  quam  xviii  d.  vel  xx  d.,  ad  graue  damp¬ 
num  tocius  patrie,  et  solebant  capere  nisi  x  d*  ad 
plus,  contra  statutum  in  oppressionem  populi. 

Chelmersford.  Magna  Inquisicio. 

(A  long  list  of  bakers,  bottlemakers,  brewers,  but¬ 
chers,  carpenters,  chandlers,  cobblers,  cooks,  drap¬ 
ers,  fishermen,  glovers,  pelterers,  sadlers,  smiths, 
tailors,  tavern-keepers,  and  woolmongers,  with  the 
following  note  on  dorse:) 

Quilibet  in  artificio  suo  in  ista  cedula  infra  con- 


APPENDIX 

tentus  nimis  excessiue  cepit  contra  statutum  etc. 
postquam  fecit  finem. 

(Heading  torn  off.) 

Item  ils  presentent  qe  le  Lundy  proscheyn  de- 
uaunt  le  feste  de  Seynt  Michel,  lan  du  regne  nostre 
seignur  le  Roy  qore  est  xxiii  en  la  ville  de  Gody- 
chestre,  Roberd  ate  Tye  de  mesme  la  ville  coue- 
naunt  fist  auesqe  Thomas  Huberd  au  manoir  le  dit 
Thomas  en  la  ville  susdit  a  tenyr  la  carue  le  dit 
Thomas.  Et  pur  ce  qe  le  dit  Thomas  ne  voilleit 
doner  au  dit  Roberd  blee  et  salarie  excercyue  en- 
countre  lestatut,  le  dit  Roberd  refusa  et  desent  le 
dit  Thomas  de  soun  seruice;  par  qei  le  dit  Thomas 
perdist  la  value  de  xx  liures  de  tearre  par  vn  an, 
a  tort  et  en  contempt  du  Roy  et  encountre  lestatut 
nadgers  ordeyne  pur  seruauntz  et  laborers.  Et  par 
mesme  la  manere  Waulter  de  Thaxstede.  charetter, 
de  soun  seruice  deseint  le  dit  Thomas. 

Ancient  Indictments,  Hertford,  no.  38.  27  membranes. 

(Endorsement.) 

m.  20.  Indictamenta  coram  domino  Rege  apud  villam  de 

Sancto  Albano  in  comitatu  Hertford’,  termino 
Michaelis,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post 
conquestum  Anglie  vicesimo  octauo. 

m.  22  d. 

Item  dicunt  quod  tinctores,  pannarii  et  tannatores 
commorantes  in  villa  de  Ware,  vbi  non  solebant  esse 
nisi  infra  burgum  de  Hertford’,  ad  graue  dampnum 
domini  Regis  et  domine  Isabelle  Regine,  domine 
eiusdem  ville  Hertford’  et  tocius  communitatis  ville 
de  Hertford’  predicte  et  contra  libertatem  predicte 
Regine,  et  quod  iidem  tinctores  et  tannatores  nimis 
excessiue  vtuntur  artificio  suo,  videlicet,  predicti 
tinctores  capiunt  pro  panno,  aliquando  dimidiam 


406  * 


m.  64. 

Trans- 

gressio. 

R  atte 
Tye. 


W.  de 
Thaxsted. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  407  * 

marcam,  aliquando  xl  d.  et  aliquando  plus,  vbi  sole- 
bant  capere  pro  panno  vi  d.  tantum,  et  predicti 
tannatores  emunt  corea  bouina  et  alia  diuersa  corea 
ad  leue  precium,  et  ea  vendere  nolunt  nisi  lucrantur 
super  vendicione  in  quadriplum  ad  maximam  op- 
pressionem  ad  dampnum  tocius  populi. 

(A  list  follows  including  brewers,  butchers,  cooks, 
cordwainers,  innkeepers,  shoemakers,  one  tanner, 
tailors,  and  vendors  of  ale ;  the  sum  taken  in  excess 
is  noted  after  each  name.) 

Ancient  Indictments,  Middlesex,  no.  66.  (A  bundle  of  about 
75  crumpled  membranes  so  tightly  fastened  together  that  it 
is  almost  impossible  to  read  them.) 

(Endorsement  on  last  membrane.) 

Presentaciones  coram  domino  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium 
de  annis  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  post  conquestum  Anglie 
vicesimo  tercio  et  quarto  et  quinto.  Midd\ 

(Many  of  the  presentments  are  without  headings,  although 
usually  the  names  of  the  jurors  are  given.  Various  dates  are 
recorded  on  those  membranes  where  the  headings  are  pre¬ 
served;  e.  g. :  termino  Trinitatis  anno  xxviii0,  termino  Hillarii 
xxvii°,  termino  Hillarii  xxvito,  etc.) 

Middlesex.  Magna  Inquisicio. 

•  •  •  •  •  •  •  • 

Item  presentant  quod  Iohannes  Bedeman  de  Kensyngton, 
messor,  Iohannes  le  Foulere  de  eadem,  falcator,  Hugo  Mers- 
sheman  de  eadem,  messor,  et  Isabella,  vxor  eius,  wedere,  Ri- 
cardus  Hankyn,  Iohannes  atte  Hatche,  Robertus  Freke,  Rober- 
tus  Tyngewych,  Henricus  Toot,  Robertus  Prynce,  laboratores, 
qui  iurati  fuerunt  ad  seruiendum  diuersis  magistris  suis  ante 
autumpnum,  et  noluerunt  seruire  alicui  nisi  per  diem  contra 
statutum  et  ceperunt  quilibet  eorum  per  excessum  in  autumpno 
vltimo,  ii  s. 


APPENDIX 


408  * 

Nicholaus  de  Hefton  et  socii  sui. 

Omnes  subscripts  vsi  sunt  artificibus  suis  contra  nouas  ordi- 
naciones  Regis  in  extorsionem  et  oppressionem  populi  Regis, 
videlicet,  a  festo  Pasche  anno  xxvto  vsque  diem  Lune  proxi- 
mum  ante  festum  Ascensionis  Domini  tunc  proxime  sequen- 
tem,  et  quilibet  eorum  cepit  per  excessum  infra  predictum 
tempus  prout  patet  in  sequenti.  .  .  . 

De  termino  Michaelis. 

Walterus  de  Leghton  et  socii  sui. 

Midd’ 

Iurati  presentant  quod  Robertus  Porter  de  Herefeld,*  Wil- 
lelmus  Mechleburn  de  eadem,*  et  Ricardus  Baker  *  de  eadem 
et  Galfridus  Payn  de  eadem,*  communes  laboratores,  capiunt, 
videlicet,  quilibet  eorum  quaque  die  quatuor  denarios  pro  labor- 
ibus  suis,  vbi  capere  solebant  per  diem  nisi  duos  denarios. 

Et  Willelmus  Frensh,  tyghelere  de  Deneham,  verberauit,  vul- 
nerauit  et  male  tractauit  Henricum  Goday,  tyghelere,  die  Lune 
proximo  ante  festum  apostolorum  Simonis  et  Iude,  anno  regni 
Regis  nunc  xxiiiit0,  apud  Woxebrigg.1  Et  idem  Willelmus 
Frensh  et  Henricus  Goday  sunt  communes  laboratores,  et  qui¬ 
libet  eorum  capit  per  diem  sex  denarios  et  prandium  suum  pro 
laboribus  suis. 

Et  quod  Willelmus  Poynt  *  de  Farleston  et  Iohannes  Pulder 
de  eadem,  falcatores,  vbi  solebant  capere  sex  denarios  per  diem 
pro  laboribus  suis,  modo  capiunt  duodecim. 

Et  quod  Stephanus  de  Stratford  *  de  Couele,  communis 
laborator,  vbi  solebat  capere  per  diem  vnum  denarium  capit 
quatuor  denarios. 

•  •••••«•«« 
Midd’ 

Iurati  diuersorum  hundredorum  presentant  quod  cum  per 
ordinacionem  et  consilium  domini  Regis  ordinatum  sit  quod 
nullus  seruiens,  cuiuscumque  generis  sit,  in  seruicio  alicuius  re- 


1  Now  Uxbridge. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


409  * 

tentus  ante  finem  termini  concordati  a  seruicio  suo  sine  licencia 
sua  recedat  nec  plus  pro  stipendiis  suis  quam  anno  Regis  nunc 
vicesimo  vel  annis  precedentibus  perciperant  capiant,  sub  foris- 
factura  bonorum  suorum  domino  Regi  forisfaciendorum,  Adam 

D - 1  manens  in  parochia  de  Hadleye,  nuper  seruiens 

Henrici  de  Frowyk,  ante  finem  termini  inter  eos  concordati  sine 
licencia  et  voluntate  ipsius  Henrici  recessit,  pro  eo  quod  ipse 
noluit  dare  ei  plus  quam  solitus  fuit  dare  in  predictis  anno 
vicesimo  Regis  nunc  et  annis  proxime  precedentibus,  contra 
statutum  Regis  etc.,  et  ad  graue  dampnum  ipsius  Henrici  et 
contra  ordinacionem  predictam  etc. 

Ancient  Indictments,  Suffolk,  no.  114. 

One  of  the  membranes  has  the  following  endorsement:  In- 
quisicio  capta  coram  domino  Rege  apud  Bury  in  comitatu  Suff 
termino  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni  .  .  .  vicesimo  sexto. 

•  •••••••«• 

Gula. 

•  «**•••••• 

(Presentment  against  Thomas  Savage  for  a  violent  attack  on 
a  servant  of  the  vicar.) 

Wayneford. 2 

Item  presentant  quod  predictus  Thomas  die  Lune  proxima 
post  festum  Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste,  anno  regni  Regis  Ed- 
wardi  tercii  a  conquestu  vicesimo  quinto,  apud  Soterleye  vi  et 
armis,  scilicet,  gladio  et  pelta,  domum  Iohannis  le  Neuman 
contra  pacem  domini  Regis  et  contra  voluntatem  predicti  Io¬ 
hannis  intrauit  et  eundem  Iohannem  ibidem - 3  verberauit, 

vulnerauit  et  male  tractauit  et  a  verberacione  predicta  non  ces- 
sauit  quousque  predictus  Iohannes  se  obligauit  et  manucepit 

1  Illegible  because  a  parchment  string  is  drawn  tightly  through  the 

name. 

3  Now  Wangford. 

8  Hole  through  the  parchment. 


APPENDIX 


410  * 

predicto  Thome  deseruire  in  officio  carpentarii  continue  per 
vnum  mensem  absque  aliquo  salario. 

•  *•••••••• 

(Heading  torn  away.) 

Item  dicunt  quod  cum  Thomas  le  Clerk  de  Prestone  et  Simon 
Aleyn,  subconstabularii  ville  de  Prestone,  anno  xxiiii0  presip- 
uerunt  et  assignauerunt  Ricardum  Digg,  communem  labor- 
arium,  ad  seruiendum  diuersis  hominibus  ville  de  Prestone  in 
ecclesia  de  Prestone,  ibi  venit  Thomas,  perpetuus  vicarius  de 
Prestone,  et  inquirit  de  predictis  constabulariis  quo  precepto 
predicti  constabularii  precipuerunt  predicto  Ricardo  ad  ser¬ 
uiendum,  et  predicti  constabularii  responderunt  quod  fecerunt 
precepto  Regis  et  iusticiariorum  suorum,  et  predictus  Thomas, 
perpetuus  vicarius,  dixit  in  facie  ecclesie  quod  omnes  iusticiarii 
fuerunt  excommunicati,  ita  quod  postea  predictus  Ricardus 
noluit  deseruire  nisi  ad  voluntatem  propriam  per  abandacionem 
predicti 1  Thome. 

•  •*•«»•••• 
Thinghowe. 

*»»•••••• 

Item  dicunt  quod  cum  Galfridus  Sped  de  Somerton 
fecit  conuencionem  cum  Nicolao  Pikard  ad  deseruien- 
dum  dicto  Nicholao  in  officio  carucarii  et  de  aliis  min- 
utis  officiis  sibi  assignandis  a  festo  Sancti  Micaelis 
Arkangeli  anno  Regis  nunc  xxvit0  vsque  ad  finem  anni 
Trans-  completi,  venit  Adam  de  Gatisberi  et  dictum  Galfri- 
gressio.  dum  procurauit  quod  frangeret  conuencionem  factam 
cum  dicto  Nicolao  et  secum  moram  feceret  in  dicto 
officio  sibi  deseruiendo  et  sic  ipsum  Galfridum  abduxit 
et  ipsum  retinuit  iniuste.  Et  cum  ad  querelam  dicti 
Nicolay,  balliuus  hundredi  de  Risebridge,  habens  man- 
datum  ad  dictum  Galfridum  capiendum  et  ducendum 
coram  iusticiariis  sedentibus  super  laborarios,  venit  vt 
ipsum  caperet,  et  dictus  Adam  venit  et  rescussum  fecit 


*  MS.  predicte. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


411  * 

quod  balliuus  ipsum  habere  non  potuit,  et  dictus  Gal- 
fridus  recedens  de  domo  dioti  Nicolay  seruras  dom- 
orum  suarum  fregit  et  secum  portauit  et  alia  bona  ad 
valenciam  xx  solidorum  apud  Rede. 

2.  Form  of  writs ,  counts ,  exigends,  etc. 

Extracts  from  the  Registrum,  Novae  Narrationes ,  Coroners’ 

Rolls  and  Patent  Rolls. 

Registrum  Breviurn  Originalium,1  119;  cf.  Fitzherbert,  New 

Nat.  Brev.,  388-389. 

Attachiamentum  factum  super  quadam  ordinatione  A.  25. 
contra  servientes. 

Rex,  vicecomiti  Lincoln’  salutem.  Si  A.  fecerit,  etc.  tunc 
attachies  I.  de  B.  ita  quod  eum  habeas  coram  nobis  in  octavis 
sancti  Michaelis  ubicunque  etc.  ad  respondendum  tarn  nobis 
quam  praefato  A.  quare  cum  per  nos  et  consilium  nostrum  pro 
communi  utilitate  regni  nostri  Angliae  ordinatum  sit,  quod  si 
aliquis  messor,  falcator,  aut  alius  operarius  vel  serviens  cujus- 
cunque  status  fuerit  seu  conditionis  in  servitio  alicujus  reten- 
tus,  ante  finem  termini  concordati,  a  servitio  praedicto  sine 
causa  rationabili  vel  licentia  recesserit,  poenam  imprisonamenti 
subeat,  et  nullus  sub  eadem  poena  talem  in  servitio  recipere  vel 
retinere  praesumat,  nec  ullus  vadia,  liberationes,  mercedes,  seu 
salaria  majora  quam  solita  tunc  praestari  anno  regni  nostri 
Angliae  vicesimo  vel  annis  communibus  quinque  aut  sex  prox- 
imis  praecedentibus,  alicui  servienti  solvat  vel  solvere  promit- 
tat:  praedictus  Johannes  de  B.  Richardum  nuper  servientem 
praedicti  Adulphi,  qui  a  servitio  ejusdem  Adulphi  ante  finem 
termini  inter  eos  concordati,  facta  sibi  promissione  per  ipsum 
Johannem  de  salario  plus  solito  recipiendo,  sine  causa  ration¬ 
abili  vel  licentia  praedicti  Adulphi  recessit  in  servitium  ipsius 
Johannis,  quamquam  ipse  de  praefato  Richardo  eidem  Adulpho 
restituendo  requisitus  fuerit,  admisit,  et  retinuit,  in  nostri  con- 
temptum,  et  ipsius  Adulphi  grave  damnum,  et  contra  formam 

1  For  the  edition  of  the  Registrum ,  see  my  bibliography. 


412 


APPENDIX 


* 

ordinationis  praedictae.  Attachies  etiam  praefatum  Richardum, 
ita  quod  eum  habeas  tunc  ibidem,  ad  respondendum  tarn  prae- 
fato  Adulpho  [quam  nobis],  quare  a  servitio  ejusdem  Adulphi 
sine  licentia  sua,  ut  praedictum  est,  recessit,  ad  grave  damnum, 
etc.  et  contra  ordinationem  praedictam.  Et  habeas  ibi  hoc 
breve. 

Teste  etc.  Breve  de  ordinatione. 

Ibid.,  189;  cf.  Fitzherbert,  New  Nat.  Brev.,  389. 1 

De  attachiando  non  habentes  unde  vivant  qui  recusant  servire. 

Rex,  vicecomiti  salutem.  Si  A.  fecerit,  etc.,  tunc  attachies 
B.  et  C.  ita  quod  eos  habeas  coram  justitiariis,  etc.,  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  tarn  nobis  quam  praefato  A.  quare  cum  per  dom- 
inum  E.  nuper  regem  Angliae,  etc.,  et  consilium  suum,  pro 
communi  utilitate  ejusdem  regni  ordinatum  sit,  quod  quilibet 
homo  et  foemina  ejusdem  regni  cujuscunque  conditionis  fuerit, 
liberae  vel  servilis,  potens  in  corpore,  et  infra  aetatem  sexa- 
ginta  annorum,  non  vivens  de  mercatura,  nec  certum  exercens 
artificium,  nec  habens  de  suo  proprio  unde  vivat  nec  terram 
propriam  circa  cujus  culturam  se  poterit  occupare,  et  alteri 
non  serviens,  si  de  serviendo  in  servitio  pro  statu  suo  congruo 
fuerit  requisitus  vel  requisita,  servire  teneatur  illi  qui  ipsum  sic 
duxerit  requirendum  et  percipiat  duntaxat  vadia,  liberationes, 
mercedes,  seu  salaria,  quae  in  locis,  ubi  servire  debeat,  anno 
regni  dicti  avi  nostri  vicesimo,  vel  annis  communibus  quinque 
vel  sex  proximis  praecedentibus  solita  sunt  praestari,  et  si  tabs 
vir  et  mulier,  qui  vel  quae  de  sic  serviendo  requisitus  vel  re¬ 
quisita  fuerit,  hoc  facere  noluerit,  statim  capiatur,  et  proximae 
mittatur  gaolae  et  ibidem  sub  arcta  moretur  custodia  quousque 
securitatem  invenerit  de  sic  serviendo  in  forma  praedicta,  ac 
idem  A.  praefatis  B.  et  C.  qui  ad  serviendum  juxta  formam 
ordinationis  praedictae  tenentur,  servitium  pro  statu  suo  com- 
petens  ac  hujusmodi  competens  salarium  frequenter  obtulerit: 
praedicti  B.  et  C.  pro  hujusmodi  competente  salario  penitus 
servire  recusarunt  vel  recusaverint,  in  nostri  contemptum,  et 


‘The  form  given  by  Fitzherbert  is  against  one  offender  only. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


413 


* 


praedicti  A.  grave  damnum,  et  contra  formam  ordinationis 
praedictae.  Et  habeas  ibi  hoc  breve. 

Teste  etc. 

Novae  N arrationes  in  Natura  Brevium ,  ed.  1534,  p.  275. 

De  Estatute  de  Laborers.1 

Ceo  vous  monstre  A.  etc.  que  C.  etc.  que  come  ordeigne  soit 
per  le  Roy  E.,  nadgairs  Roy  d’Engleterre,  aiel  nostre  syre  le 
Roy  quore  est  et  son  counsayle,  pur  le  comen  profyte  de  mesme 
le  royalme,  si  ascun  servaunt  en  le  servyce  d’ascun  soyt  retenus, 
et  devant  la  fyn  de  terme  accordes,  de  mesme  le  service  sans 
cause  resonable  ou  licens  departye,  le  payne  d’emprysonmenf 
doyt  southaler :  mesme  cesty  D.  en  le  servyce  le  dit  A.,  a  tiel 
lieu  deins  mesme  le  counte  ou  le  briefe  est  porte  nadgairs  re¬ 
tenus,  scilicet,  a  la  fest  de  Saynte  Mychel  lan  nostre  syre  le 
Roy  que  ore  est  le  tierce,  tanques  a  mesme  la  fest  adonques 
prochein  ensuant  per  un  an  entier,  de  servyer  en  office  de 
carter,  preignant  pour  son  labour  avauntdit,  2  marcz  per  an, 
et  un  hoppelande,2  encountre  la  feste  de  Pasques  mesme  Tan 
le  dit  D.  tiel  jour,  an  et  lieu,  departy  hors  du  dit  service  sans 
licens  et  counge  le  dit  A.,  a  tort  et  as  damages  etc.  et  encountre 
la  purveaunce  avauntdit. 

Rotulus  Coronatoris,  Suffolk,  175,  28-31  Edw.  III.  12  mem¬ 
branes.3 

Stiff’  Edwardus,  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dom- 
inus  Hibernie,  vicecomiti  Suff’,  salutem.  Precipimus 

1 1  am  indebted  to  Professor  J.  B.  Ames  for  collating  my  transcript  of 
this  document,  made  from  an  edition  in  the  Harvard  Law  library. 

2  Houppelande,  a  great  coat. 

3  The  inadequate  description  in  the  official  list  of  this  roll  and  of  the 
succeeding  roll  for  Suffolk  has  already  been  mentioned;  app.,  144;  239. 
In  the  same  list  of  Coroners’  Rolls,  there  is  a  roll  for  Lincoln  correctly 
described,  Rotulus  de  Exigendis,  65,  17-28  Edw.  Ill;  it  contains  in¬ 
stances  of  the  exigends  of  offenders  against  the  statutes  convicted  in 
the  upper  courts. 


414 


APPENDIX 


* 


tibi  quod  exigi  facias  Thomam  Goche  de  Stonham  et 
Thomam  Burrich,  shepherde,  de  comitatu  in  comitatum 
quousque  secundum  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri 
Anglie  vthlagentur,  si  non  comparuerint,  et  si  compar- 
uerint,  tunc  eos  capias  et  eos  saluo  custodias  ita  quod 
habeas  corpora  eorum  coram  iusticiariis  nostris  apud 
Westmonasterium  in  octabis  Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste  ad 
respondendum  tarn  nobis  quam  priori  Hospitalis  Sancti 
Iohannis  in  Ierusalem  in  Anglia,  de  placito  quare  cum 
per  nos  et  consilium  nostrum  et  pro  communi  vtilitate 
regni  nostri  Anglie  ordinatum  sit  quod  si  aliquis  ser- 
uiens,  cuiuscumque  status  seu  condicionis  fuerit,  in  ser- 
uicio  alicuius  retentus  ante  finem  termini  concordati  a 
dicto  seruicio  sine  licencia  aut  causa  racionabili  reces- 
serit,  penam  imprisonamenti  subeat,  et  nullus  sub  eadem 
pena  talem  in  seruicio  suo  recipere  vel  retinere  presumat, 
predictus  Thomas  Goche  predictum  Thomam  Burrich 
nuper  seruientem  predicti  prioris  in  seruicio  suo  apud 
Batysford  retentum,  qui  a  seruicio  eiusdem  prioris  ante 
finem  termini  inter  eos  concordati  sine  causa  racionabili 
et  licencia  ipsius  prioris  recessit,  in  seruicium  predicti 
Thome  Goche,  quamquam  idem  Thomas  Goche  de  pre- 
fato  Thoma  Burrich  eidem  priori  restituendo  requisitus 
fuerit,  admisit  et  retinuit,  in  nostri  contemptum  et  pre¬ 
dicti  prioris  graue  dampnum  et  contra  formam  ordina- 
cionis  predicte.  Et  de  placito  quare  predictus  Thomas 
Burrich  a  seruicio  eiusdem  prioris  ante  finem  termini 
inter  eos  concordati  sine  causa  racionabili  et  licencia 
ipsius  prioris,  vt  predictum  est,  recessit  in  nostri  con¬ 
temptum  et  predicti  prioris  graue  dampnum,  ac  contra 
ordinacionem  predictam.  Et  vnde  tu  ipse  mandauisti 
iusticiariis  nostris  apud  Westmonasterium  in  octabis 
Sancti  Hillarii  quod  predicti  Thomas  et  Thomas  non 
sunt  inuenti  in  balliua  tua  etc.  Et  habeas  ibi  tunc  hoc 
breue. 

Teste  Rogero  Hillar’,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxviii 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  415  * 

die  Ianuarii,  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie  tricesimo,  regni 
vero  nostri  Francie  decimo  septimo. 

Ro.  xxix  1  vnde. 

(The  whole  series  of  exactions  is  given,  resulting  in 
outlawry. ) 

Rotuli  Literarum  Patencium,  28  Edw.  Ill,  pt.  1,  m.  26;  De 
pardonacione  vtlagarie. 

Rex  omnibus  balliuis  et  fidelibus  suis  ad  quos  etc.,  salutem. 
Sciatis  quod  cum  Adam  de  Shareshull,  chiualer,  nuper  impla- 
citasset  coram  nobis  per  breue  nostrum  Walterum  le  Keue  et 
Ricardum  le  Keue  de  eo  quod  ipsi  lohannem  Deuensshire, 
seniorem,  et  lohannem  Deuensshire,  iuniorem,  nuper  seruientes 
predicti  Ade  in  seruicio  suo  apud  Escote  retentos,  qui  ab  eodem 
seruicio  ante  finem  termini  inter  eos  concordati  sine  licencia 
ipsius  Ade  et  causa  racionabili  recesserunt,  in  seruicio  ipsorum 
Walter i  et  Ricardi  admiserunt  et  retinuerunt  contra  formam 
ordinacionis  per  nos  et  consilium  nostrum  inde  facte,  ac  iidem 
Walterus  et  Ricardus  pro  eo  quod  non  venerunt  coram  nobis 
ad  respondendum  inde  tarn  nobis  quam  prefato  Ade  secundum 
legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri  Anglie  in  exigendis  possiti 
fuissent  in  comitatu  Oxon’  ad  vtlagandum  et  ea  occasione  post- 
modum  vtlagati,  sicut  per  tenorem  recordi  et  processus  vtlaga- 
riarum  predictarum  quern  coram  nobis  in  cancellaria  nostra  sub 
sigillo  Willelmi  de  Shareshull,  capitalis  iusticiarii  nostri,  venire 
fecimus  nobis  constat,  ac  prefati  Walterus  et  Ricardus  prisone 
marescalcie  nostre  coram  nobis  se  reddiderint  occasione  pre¬ 
dicta,  sicut  idem  Willelmus  nos  in  dicta  cancellaria  nostra  de 
mandato  nostro  certificauit;  nos,  pietate  moti,  pardonauimus 
eisdem  Waltero  et  Ricardo  vtlagarias  predictas  et  firmam  pacem 
nostram  eis  inde  concedimus;  ita  tamen  quod  stent  recto  in 
curia  nostra,  si  nos  vel  predictus  Adam  versus  eos  loqui  vol- 
uerimus  vel  voluerit  de  premissis. 

1,4  Ro.  xxix”  refers  to  De  Banco,  30,  Hill.,  29  d.,  where  this  case 
begins. 


APPENDIX 


416  * 

In  cuius  etc.,  teste  Rege,  apud  Westmonasterium,  xxix  die 
Ianuarii. 

Cf.  Coram  Rege,  28,  Hill.,  Rex,  6  d,  Oxford,  for  the 
record  of  the  issue  of  the  writ  of  exigend  against  the  three 
defendants  named  in  the  above  pardon,  and  of  the  whole  pro¬ 
cess  that  resulted  in  their  outlawry.  They  finally  surrendered 
themselves  to  the  prison  of  the  Marshalsea,  and  were  then 
brought  into  court  by  the  marshal  and  showed  the  letter  patent 
of  pardon  for  their  outlawry.  The  outlawry  is  removed ;  later 
Adam  de  Shareshull,  the  plaintiff,  appears  and  says  that  he 
does  not  wish  to  prosecute ;  therefore  “  eant  sine  die.” 

3.  List  of  44  reports  from  Year  Books  and  abridgments  and 
of  the  corresponding  records  from  the  Plea  Rolls. 

ABBREVIATIONS  USED  IN  THIS  LIST. 

D.  B.  =  De  Banco  Roll. 

C.  R.  —  Coram  Rege  Roll. 

F.  H.  —  Fitzherbert’s  abridgment. 

B.  =  Brooke's  abridgment. 

S.  =  Statham’s  abridgment. 

Y.  B.  =  1678-80  edition  of  the  Year  Books. 

Ass.  =  Liber  Assisarum  in  this  same  edition. 

B.  M.  =  British  Museum. 

Of  these  44  cases  15  are  now  in  print,  namely,  cases  6,  9, 
10,  17 ,  20,  28,  31,  32,  36,  38,  42,  43  and  44  in  app.,  F ;  the 
record  of  case  39  in  app.,  C;  and  case  7  in  Villainage  in 
England. 

1  27  Ass.,  Mich.,  pi.  15.  Record  not  found. 

2  27  Ass.,  Mich.,  pi.  21 ;  F.  H.,  Estoppel,  235 ;  B.,  Laborers, 

37,  Brief e,  290,  Accion  sur  lestatute,  19. 

C.  R.,  27  Mich.,  Shareshull,  73  d,  London. 

3  Y.  B.,  28  Mich.,  18,  f.  21 ;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  50. 

D.  B.,  28  Mich.,  145,  Bucks. 

4  Y.  B.,  29  Hill.,  f.  5-6;  F.  IT,  Briefe,  901. 

D.  B.,  29  Hill.,  138,  Southampton. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  417  * 

5  Y.  B.,  29  Pasch.,  f.  18;  F.  H.,  Proses,  213  (113  by  error 

in  Y.  B.). 

D.  B.,  29  Pasch.,  35,  Essex. 

6  Y.  B.,  29  Pasch.,  f.  27;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  54. 

D.  B.,  29  Pasch.,  59  d,  Midd. 

7  Y.  B.,  29  Trin.,  f.  41 ;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  53  and  55. 

D.  B.,  29  Trin.,  203,  Oxford.  (Report  and  record  printed 
by  Vinogradoff,  Villainage  in  England ,  412-415.) 

8  Y.  B.,  30  Hill,  f.  6. 

D.  B.,  30  Pasch.,  43,  Worcester. 

9  Y.  B.,  30  Mich.,  f.  31. 

D.  B.,  30  Mich.,  193,  Sussex. 

10  F.  H.,  33  Hill.,  Laborers,  56. 

D.  B.,  33  Hill.,  183  d,  Northants. 

11  F.  H.,  33  Mich.,  Laborers,  57.  Record  not  found. 

12  Y.  B.,  38  Hill.,  f.  5.  Report  shows  that  it  is  a  D.  B. 

case;  D.  B.  roll  wanting  for  this  term. 

13  Y.  B.,  38  Trin.,  f.  12;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  19;  B.,  Labor¬ 

ers,  25. 

D.  B.,  38  Pasch.,  56,  Notts.  Case  begins;  roll  for  Mich, 
term  wanting,  and  case  does  not  appear  in  Trin.  term. 

14  Y.  B.,  39  Pasch.,  f.  6-7;  F.  H.,  Briefe,  505  ;  B.,  Ioynder 

in  accion  et  in  plee,  41. 

D.  B.,  39  Hill.,  367  d,  Norfolk.  Case  begins;  roll  for 
Trin.  term  wanting. 

15  Y.  B.,  39  Trin.,  f.  14;  B.,  Laborers,  34,  General  briefe  et 

special  declaracion,  10,  Parliament  et  Statutes,  25.  Re¬ 
port  shows  that  it  is  a  D.  B.  case;  D.  B.  roll  wanting 
for  this  term. 

16  Y.  B.,  39  Mich.,  f.  22;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  20;  B.,  Laborers, 

35,  Double  Plee,  70. 

D.  B.,  39  Mich.,  231  d,  Camb. 

17  Y.  B.,  39  Mich.,  f.  37;  B.,  Trespas,  196. 

D.  B.,  39  Mich.,  428  d,  Line. 

18  Y.  B.,  40  Pasch.,  27,  f.  24.  Record  not  found. 

19  Y.  B.,  40  Mich.,  2,  f.  35 ;  S.,  Laborers,  3 ;  F.  IT,  Briefe, 


4i8  * 


APPENDIX 


527;  B.,  Ioinder  in  accion  et  in  plee,  6.  Record  not 
found. 

20  Y.  B.,  40  Mich.,  16,  f.  39;  S.,  Laborers,  4;  F.  H.,  Labor¬ 

ers,  21 ;  B.,  Laborers,  5.  Record  not  found. 

21  Y.  B.,  41  Hill.,  2,  f.  1 ;  S.,  Laborers,  5 ;  F.  H.,  Laborers,. 

22;  B.,  Lieu  et  Countie,  11. 

D.  B.,  41  Hill.,  240  d,  London. 

22  F.  H.,  41  Hill.,  Laborers,  25. 

D.  B.,  41  Hill.,  139  d,  Herts. 

23  F.  H.,  41  Hill.,  Laborers,  26. 

D.  B.,  41  Hill.,  30,  York. 

24  F.  H.,  41  Hill.,  Laborers,  27. 

D.  B.,  41  Hill.,  316  d,  Norf. 

25  F.  H.,  41  Hill.,  Laborers,  28. 

D.  B.,  41  Pasch.,  352,  London. 

26  F.  H.,  41  Pasch.,  Laborers,  29. 

D.  B.,  41  Pasch.,  29  d,  Southampton. 

27  Y.  B.,  41  Mich.,  1,  f.  1 7;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  23;  B.,  Labor¬ 

ers,  6.  Record  not  found. 

28  Y.  B.,  41  Mich.,  4,  f.  20;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  24  and  36;  B., 

Laborers,  7,  Trauers  per  sauns  ceo,  319. 

D.  B.,  41  Mich.,  180,  Herts. 

29  F.  H.,  41  Mich.,  Laborers,  30. 

D.  B.,  41  Mich.,  463,  Kent. 

30  F.  H.,  45  Hill.,  Laborers,  31. 

D.  B.,  45  Hill.,  70  d,  Berks. 

31  Y.  B.,  45  Mich.,  11,  f.  13-14;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  32  and  49; 

B.,  Laborers,  8. 

D.  B.,  45  Trin.,  72,  Notts. 

32  Y.  B.,  45  Mich.,  15,  f.  15;  F.  H.,  Monstrans  de  Faits  fines 

et  records,  15 1 ;  S.,  Condicions,  3. 

D.  B.,  45  Trin.,  371,  London. 

33  Y.  B.,  46  Hill.,  10,  f.  4;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  33;  B.,  Labor¬ 

ers,  9. 

D.  B.,  46  Hill.,  251,  Norf. 

34  Y.  B.,  46  Pasch.,  19,  f.  14;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  35;  B.,  La¬ 

borers,  10. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  419  * 

D.  B.,  49  Pasch.,  410,  London. 

35  F.  H.,  46  Pasch.,  Laborers,  36. 

D.  B.,  46  Pasch.,  469  d,  London. 

36  Y.  B.,  47  Mich.,  15,  f.  14;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  37;  B.,  La¬ 

borers,  11. 

D.  B.,  47  Pasch.,  203  d,  Kent. 

37  Y.  B.,  47  Mich.,  23,  f.  16;  B.,  Laborers,  12,  Ioinder  in 

accion  et  plee,  15.  Report  proves  that  it  is  a  C.  R. 
case ;  record  not  found. 

38  Y.  B.,  47  Mich.,  24,  f.  16;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  38;  B.,  La¬ 

borers,  13. 

D.  B.,  47  Trin.,  230,  Essex. 

39  Y.  B.,  47  Mich.,  38,  f.  18-19;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  39;  B., 

Laborers,  14. 

C.  R.,  48  Trin.,  Cavendissh,  87,  Line.  Possibly  the  be¬ 
ginning  of  the  case;  it  proves  to  be  a  case  appealed 
from  quarter  sessions. 

40  Y.  B.,  47  Mich.,  53,  f.  22;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  40;  B.,  La¬ 

borers,  15. 

D.  B.,  47  Mich.,  279,  London. 

‘41  Y.  B.,  49  Hill.,  3,  f.  2 ;  B.  Aide,  35,  de  son  tort  de¬ 
mesne,  35.  Record  not  found. 

42  Y.  B.,  50  Trin.,  3,  f.  13;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  41;  B.,  La¬ 

borers,  16. 

D.  B.,  50  Pasch.,  100  d,  Hunts. 

43  Y.  B.,  50  Mich.,  2,  f.  21;  F.  H.,  Laborers,  42;  B.,  No¬ 

tice,  2,  Laborers,  17,  Villenage,  13. 

D.  B.,  49  Mich.,  302,  Somerset. 

44  Y.  B.,  Add.  MSS.  B.  M.,  32,087,  38  Pasch. 

1 

D.  B.,  38  Pasch.,  142,  Kent. 

4.  Cases  44,  31,  6,  42  and  20.  ( Cf .  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  4.)  ' 

Case  44. 

British  Museum,  Add.  MSS.,  32,087;  Year  Book,  f.  59. 
Pas.  xxxviii.  diuers  carpinter  de  le  terme  de  ii  ans. 

Nota  qun  homme  suyst  vn  bref  sur  lestatut  de  labores  de- 


420 


APPENDIX 


* 

uers  vn  carpynter  et  counta  qil  couenaunt  destre  oue  luy  de 

faire  ouereignes  de  carpenter  par  ii.  ans  et  il  ale  hors  etc. 

Belknap  Vous  veiez  bien  coment  il  ad  pris  cest  bref 

sur  lestatut  de  labores  et  il  ad  counte  deuers 
nous  come  deuers  carpenter  et  lestatut  ne  re- 
strent  pas  corpynters  mes  qils  ne  preneront  pur 
le  iourne  outraieousement  mes  accordant  al  es- 
tatut  ou  ceo  bref  est  done  il  est  done  deuers 
nulle  forsque  deuers  labores ;  iugement  si  tiel 
bref  deuers  nous  gise. 

Wychingham  Vous  veiez  bien  coment  nous  auons  dit  qil 

fuist  en  nostre  seruice  et  qil  fist  couenaunt  oues- 
que  nous  vt  supra  et  qil  departist  hors  de  seruice 
a  qi  il  ne  respond  riens,  iugement. 

Et  puis  Belknap  dit  qil  ne  fist  nulle  couenaunt  oue  luy,  prest 

et  alii  encontra  etc. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  417. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  Roberto  de  Thorp 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  de  Banco  de  ter- 
mino  Pasche,  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  con- 
questu  tricesimo  octauo. 

Rot.  142. 

Kane’  Iohannes  de  Otteford,  carpenter,  attachiatus  fuit  ad 
respondendum  tarn  domino  Regi  quam  Iohanni  Pec- 
che,  ciui  London’,  de  placito  quare  cum  per  Regem  et 
consilium  suum  pro  communi  vtilitate  regni  sui  ordi- 
natum  sit  quod  si  aliquis  seruiens  in  seruicio  alicuius 
retentus  ante  finem  termini  concordati  a  dicto  ser¬ 
uicio  sine  causa  racionabili  vel  licencia  recesserit, 
penam  imprisonamenti  subeat,  predictus  Iohannes  de 
Otteford,  nuper  seruiens  predicti  Iohannis  1  Pecche, 
in  seruicio  suo  apud  Lullyngston  retentus,  ab  eodem 


1MS.  Iohannes. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


421 


* 


seruicio  ante  finem  termini  inter  eos  concordati,  sine 
causa  racionabili  et  licencia  ipsius  Iohannis  Pecche 
recessit,  in  Regis  contemptum  et  ipsius  Iohannis  Pec¬ 
che  graue  dampnum  et  contra  formam  ordinacionis 
predicte  etc. 

Et  vnde  idem  Iohannes  Pecche  qui  sequitur  etc. 
queritur  quod  cum  predictus  Iohannes  de  Otteford 
retentus  fuisset  cum  prefato  Iohanne  Pecche  apud 
Lullyngston,  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum  Sancti 
Bartholomei,  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  tricesimo 
sexto,  ad  deseruiendum  eidem  Iohanni  Pecche  ibidem 
in  officio  carpentarii  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  Arch¬ 
angel  i  tunc  proxime  futuro  per  duos  annos  integros 
tunc  proxime  sequentes,  predictus  Iohannes  de  Otte¬ 
ford  die  Lune  proximo  ante  festum  Sancti  Petri  ad 
Vincula  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  tricesimo  sep- 
timo,  ante  finem  termini  predicti  sine  causa  racionabili 
vel  licencia  etc.  a  seruicio  predicti  Iohannis  Pecche  re¬ 
cessit,  in  Regis  contemptum  et  ipsius  Iohannis  Pecche 
graue  dampnum  et  contra  formam  ordinacionis  pre¬ 
dicte  etc.  vnde  dicit  quod  deterioratus  est  et  dampnum 
habet  ad  valenciam  viginti  librarum,  et  inde  producit 
sectam  etc. 

Et  predictus  Iohannes  de  Otteford  in  propria  per¬ 
sona  sua  venit  et  defendit  vim  et  iniuriam  quando  etc. 
et  quicquid  etc.  et  dicit  quod  ipse  non  fuit  retentus 
cum  predicto  Iohanne  Pecche  ad  deseruiendum  ei  per 
tempus  predictum,  prout  idem  Iohannes  Pecche  su- 
perius  queritur,  et  de  hoc  ponit  se  super  patriam;  et 
predictus  Iohannes  Pecche  similiter. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat  hie 
xv  a  die  Sancte  Trinitatis  in  xv  dies  per  iusticiarios  xii 
Trini-  etc.  per  quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  ad  recognoscendum 

tatis.  etc.  quia  tarn  etc.  Et  super  hoc  Iohannes  Colpeper, 

Iaceus  de  Groshurst,  Willelmus  Burkynghale  et  Io¬ 
hannes  Sacre  de  comitatu  Kane’  manuceperunt  pre- 


422  *  APPENDIX 

dictum  Iohannem  de  Otteford  habendi  corpus  eius 
hie  ad  prefatum  terminum  et  sic  de  die  in  diem  ad 
quern  diem  placiti  quousque  predicta  iurata  inde  inter 
eos  transierit  et  iudicium  inde  redditum  fuerit,  vide¬ 
licet,  quilibet  eorum  corpus  pro  corpore  etc. 

Ad  quern  diem  venerunt  partes  etc.  et  vicecomes 
non  misit  breue.  Ideo  sicut  prius  preceptum  est  vice- 
comiti  quod  venire  faciat  hie  in  octabis  Sancti  Mich- 
aelis  per  iusticiarios  xii  etc.  ad  recognoscendum  etc. 
in  forma  predicta  etc. 

Case  31. 

Y.  B.,  45  Mich.,  11,  f.  13-14. 

Sur  le  Briefe  sur  le  statute  de  Labourers  fuit  port  vers  un 
statute  home,  et  suppose  par  son  demonstrance,  que  lou  il 
de  la-  avera  reteine  un  son  servant  de  luy  server,  en  office 
bourers  de  cellery,  et  auters  choses  affaire,  et  monstra  en  cer- 
32  &  49.  tein,  que  per  vi  ans  la  avera  le  defendant  deteinus 
mesme  celuy  a  tort,  etc.  et  auxy  il  fuit  porte  vers  le 
servant. 

Kirton. 

Celuy  que  il  suppose  que  luy  detient,  nous  diofnus, 
que  mesme  cesty  fuit  son  apprentice,  et  nient  son  ser¬ 
vant  allowe,  come  il  ad  suppose,  prist  etc. 

Fencot  dit  pur  le  pleintife  e  contra,  et  ceo  fuit  tenus 
pur  bon  response. 

Et  puis  dit  Kirton  pur  Tauter,  sir,  vous  veies  bien 
coment  il  ad  suppose,  que  nous  fuimus  reteinus  ove 
luy  par  vi  ans,  en  quel  case  nous  entende  que  le  statute 
ne  done  pas  action,  mes  lou  il  est  reteinus  per  un  an, 
par  que  judgement. 

Fencot. 

Et  nous  judgement,  de  puis  que  vous  ne  dedits  pas, 
que  il  fuit  allowe  en  nostre  service,  et  que  nous  avo- 
mus  counte,  que  il  departist  le  primer  an,  et  nous 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


423 


* 


demancie  judgement  si  nostre  briefe  ne  soit  assets 
bon,  etc. 

Fitzherbert,  Laborers,  49. 

Home  navera  accion  sur  lestatut  de  laborers  vers 
vn  qui  est  reteigne  oustre  vn  an  etc.  vt  patet  in  la- 
borariis  etc. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  443. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  W.  de  Fyncheden 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  de  Banco  de  ter- 
mino  Sancte  Trinitatis,  anno  ....  quadragesimo 
quinto . 

Rot.  72. 

Nott’  Iohannes  Harsyk  de  Sancto  Bartholomo  et  Iohan- 
nes  Hardy  attachiati  fuerunt  ad  respondendum  tarn 
domino  Regi  quam  Henrico  Sadeler  de  Newer k  de 
placito  quare  cum  per  dominum  Regem  et  consilium 
suum  pro  communi  vtilitate  regni  sui  ordinatum  sit 
quod  si  aliquis  seruiens,  cuiuscumque  status  seu  con- 
dicionis  fuerit,  in  seruicio  alicuius  retentus  ante  finem 
termini  concordati  a  dicto  seruicio  sine  causa  racion- 
abili  vel  licencia  recesserit,  penam  imprisonamenti 
subeat,  et  nullus  sub  eadem  pena  talem  in  seruicio 
suo  recipere  vel  retinere  presumat,  predicti  Iohannes 
et  Iohannes  Willelmum,  filium  Henrici,  in  Roughton 
nuper  seruientem  ipsius  Henrici  in  seruicio  suo  apud 
Newerk  retentum,  qui  ab  eodem  seruicio  ante  finem 
termini  inter  eos  concordati  sine  causa  racionabili  et 
licencia  ipsius  Henrici  recessit,  in  seruicium  ipsorum 
Iohannis  et  Iohannis,  quamquam  ipsi  de  prefato  Wil- 
lelmo  eidem  Henrico  restituendo  requisiti  fuerint,  ad- 
miserunt  et  retinuerunt,  in  Regis  contemptum  et  ipsius 
Henrici  graue  dampnum  et  contra  formam  ordina- 
cionis  predicte  etc. 


APPENDIX 


Et  vnde  idem  Henricus  qui  sequitur  etc.  per  lo- 
hannem  Batheleye,  attornatum  suum,  queritur  quod 
cum  predictus  Willelmus  retentus  fuisset  cum  ipso 
Henrico  apud  Neuwerk  ad  deseruiendum  ei  ibidem  iri 
officio  communis  seruientis  et  ad  sellas  faciendas  aux- 
iliandum  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  Arcbangeli,  anno 
regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  quadragesimo  tercio, 
vsque  ad  finem  septem  annorum  tunc  proxime  sequen- 
cium,  predicti  Iohannes  et  Johannes,  die  Lune  in  festo 
Sancte  Marie  Magdalene  anno  regni  domini  Regis 
nunc  Anglie  quadragesimo  quarto,  prefatum  Willel- 
mum  qui  a  seruicio  eiusdem  Henrici  ante  finem  ter¬ 
mini  etc.  recessit  quamquam  etc.  in  seruicium  eorun- 
dem  lohannis  et  Iohannis  admiserunt  et  retinuerunt, 
in  Regis  contemptum  et  ipsius  Henrici  graue  damp- 
num  et  contra  forniam  etc.  vnde  dicit  quod  deterio- 
ratus  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  centum 
librarum,  et  inde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  predicti  Iohannes  et  Iohannes  per  Iohannem 
Nuttyng,  attornatum  suum,  veniunt  et  defendunt  vim 
et  iniuriam  quando  etc.  et  quicquid  etc.  Et  predic¬ 
tus  Iohannes  Harsyk  dicit  quod  prefatus  Willelmus, 
filius  Henrici,  retentus  fuit  cum  predicto  Henrico 
Sadeler  et  eidem  ligatus  ad  commorandum  cum  eo 
tanquam  eius  apprentices,  ad  artificium  cellarii  eru- 
diendum  per  tempus  predictum,  absque  hoc  quod  idem 
Iohannes,  filius  Henrici,  retentus  fuit  cum  eodem 
tanquam  communis  seruiens  ad  deseruiendum  ei  iuxta 
formam  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  de  seruitoribus 
et  operariis  et  seruientibus,  prout  idem  Henricus 
superius  narrat,  et  hoc  paratus  est  verificare  vnde 
petit  iudicium  etc. 

Et  predictus  Iohannes  Hardy  dicit  quod  communis 
retencio  siue  conduccio  seruientis  secundum  formam 
ordinacionis  operariorum  et  seruientum  est  de  retinere 
et  conducere  de  termino  in  terminum  siue  de  anno  in 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


425 


* 


annum,  prout  concordari  poterit,  et  non  per  tam 
longum  tempus,  prout  idem  Henricus  superius  nar- 
rauit,  videlicet,  per  septem  annos,  vnde  petit  iudicium 
si  per  huiusmodi  breue  de  retencione  siue  admissione 
prefati  Iohannis,  filii  Henrici,  supponendo  per  narra- 
cionem  super  eodem  ipsum  Iohannem  fuisse  conduc- 
tum  ad  seruiendum  quasi  communis  laborarius  siue 
seruiens  per  septem  annos,  vt  predictum  est,  accio 
prefato  Henrico  Sadeler  competere  possit  aut  debeat 
etc. 

Et  predictus  Henricus  quoad  placitum  predicti  Io¬ 
hannis  Harsyk  dicit  quod  prefatus  Iohannes,  filius 
Henrici,  retentus  fuit  cum  eodem  Henrico  ad  deser- 
uiendum  ei  in  officio  communis  seruientis  siue  laborarii 
prout  ipse  per  narracionem  suam  supponit,  absque 
hoc  quod  ipse  retentus  fuit  cum  eodem  Henrico  et 
ligatus  ad  commorandum  cum  eo  tancquam  eius  ap- 
prenticius,  prout  predictus  Iohannes  Harsyk  superius 
allegauit,  et  hoc  petit  quod  inquiratur  per  patriam,  et 
predictus  Iohannes  Harsyk  similiter. 

Et  quoad  placitum  predicti  Iohannis  Hardy  dicit 
quod  in  ordinacione  de  seruitoribus  et  operariis  etc. 
generaliter  et  expresse  continetur  quod  si  aliquis  ser¬ 
uiens  etc.  in  seruicio  alicuius  retentus  ante  finem  ter¬ 
mini  concordati  a  seruicio  magistri  sui  sine  causa 
racionabili  vel  licencia  recesserit,  accio  datur  eidem 
magistro  a  cuius  seruicio  sic  recessit  per  breue  fun- 
datum  super  eadem  ordinacione  et  in  ordinacione  ilia 
aliquod  certum  tempus  retencionis  siue  conduccionis 
huiusmodi  seruientum  in  certo  non  limitatur,  nisi  solo- 
modo  quod  quidam  seruientes  seruire  debent  per 
annum,  dimidium  anni  siue  quarterium  anni,  et  non 
per  dietas,  et  sic  bene  liceat  cuicumque  huiusmodi 
seruientes  tam  per  vnum  annum  et  duos  vel  tres 
quam  per  plus  longum  tempus,  prout  inter  retentorem 
et  retentum  concordati  poterit,  conducere  et  retinere, 


426  * 


APPENDIX 


et  punicio  per  statutum  tam  versus  seruientes  qui  sic 
recesserint  quam  versus  eos  qui  illos  admiserint  datur 
pro  conquerente,  non  habito  respectu  ad  terminum 
concordatum  siue  per  vnum  annum  vel  duos  aut 
plures.  Et  ex  quo  prefatus  Iohannes  Hardy  non 
dedicit  quin  predictus  Iohannes,  filius  Henrici,  cum 
ipso  Henrico  Sadeler  ad  deseruiendum  ei  per  tempus 
in  narracione  sua  contentum,  videlicet,  per  septem 
annos  retentus  fuit,  nec  quin  ante  finem  termini  pre¬ 
dict!  a  seruicio  suo  recessit,  nec  quin  idem  Iohannes 
Hardy  simul  etc.  ipsum  Iohannem,  filium  Henrici, 
seruientem  suum  admisit  et  retinuit  prout  per  narra- 
cionem  suam  supponitur,  petit  indicium  et  dampna 
sibi  in  hac  parte  adiudicari  etc. 

Et  quia  iusticiarii  hie  nondum  auisantur  ad  iudic- 
ium  reddendum  quoad  hoc  vnde  predicti  Henricus  et 
Iohannes  Hardy  placitauerunt  in  iudicium,  dies  datus 
est  eis  de  audiendo  inde  iudicio  hie  a  die  Sancti 
Michaelis  in  xv  dies.  Et  preceptum  est  vicecomiti 
quod  venire  faciat  hie  ad  prefatum  terminum  xii  etc. 
per  quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  tam  ad  recognoscendum 
de  exitu  placiti  vnde  predicti  Henricus  et  Iohannes 
Harsyk  placitauerunt  ad  patriam  quam  de  dampnis 
eiusdem  Henrici  occasione  retencionis  et  admissionis 
predicti  Iohannis,  filii  Henrici,  si  iudicium  inde  versus 
eum  redditum  fuerit  etc. 


Case  6. 

Y.  B.,  29  Pasch.,  f.  27. 

Briefe  sur  l’estatut  de  servants. 

Laborers.  Fitz.,  54. 

Un  William  Brewer  de  Holborne  porte  brief  fonde 
sur  l’estatut  de  Laborers,  devers  un  home  et  sa  feme, 
et  devers  un  M.  lour  fille.  Et  suppose  que  1’ou  meme 
cest  M.  avoit  fait  covenant  certein  jour  et  an,  aver 
demurre  en  son  service  per  vii  ans  procheins  ensuants, 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  427  * 

la  fuit  el  departy  dedeins  le  terme  sans  cause  reason¬ 
able,  et  le  baron  et  sa  feme  l’avoit  retenus  encontre 
l’estatut,  a  tort  etc.  et  monstre  a  quel  jour  il  departit; 
issint  que  un  an  fuit  avenu  de  son  terme. 

Gower. 

Sir,  l’estatut  voet,  qu’ils  feront  covenant  de  servir 
par  termes  usuels  que  ne  puit  passer  le  terme  d’un 
an;  et  il  ad  counte  d’un  covenant  fait  pur  vii  ans, 
que  11’est  pas  garraunte  par  l’estatut.  Jugement  de 
count. 

Finchden  ad  idem. 

Si  ceo  count  soit  maintenu,  par  mesme  le  reason 
poit  il  counter  d’un  covenant  fait  a  demurrer  pur 
terme  de  sa  vie,  ou  a  terme  de  mille  ans,  que  pas- 
serent  le  vie  d’un  home;  que  ne  puit  estre  garraunte 
par  l’estatut. 

Wilfughby]. 

Dits  oustre;  et  ceo  serra  save  a  vous. 

Et  puis  le  brief  fuit  challenge,  pur  ceo  que  il  fuit 
porte  vers  la  feme,  suppose  que  eux  ont  retenus,  etc. 
en  lour  service,  ou  feme  covert  ne  puit  nul  home 
recever  en  son  service:  car  tout  sera  dit  le  fait  le 
baron:  ovesques  ceo  la  nature  de  la  suit  voet,  que  si 
lez  defendants  soient  attaintz,  ils  seront  enprisone,  et 
issint  sera  la  feme  enprisone,  ou  en  Ley  ceo  sera  dit 
le  fait  le  baron. 

Finchden  ad  idem. 

Si  un  servant  soit  esloigne,  le  baron  avera  le  suit 
vers  luy,  et  vers  celuy  qui  retient  et  jammes  sera  le 
briefe  maintenu  pur  le  baron  et  pur  sa  feme  devers 
eux.  O.  d.  non. 

Wilb.  [Wilughby] 

Vous  suppose  par  vos  reasons,  q’il  ne  purra  my 
estre  retenu  en  service  per  le  baron  et  sa  feme.  Et 


APPENDIX 


428  * 

s’il  soit  en  le  service  Tun,  cle  comen  entent  il  est 
en  service  de  l’un  et  Tauter.  Purque  respondes. 
Puis  Finchden  monstra  M.  a  la  court,  et  dit: 

Sir,  veies  cy  le  servant  que  n’est  que  d’age  de 
ix  ans,  que  ne  puit  per  nul  contract  estre  lie. 
Purque  nous  demandomus  jugement,  si  etc. 

Judicium. 

Et  la  Court  luy  vist,  et  examina  et  trove  fuit 
de  tiel  age. 

Wilb.  [Wilughby] 

L’enfant  n’est  que  d’age  de  ix  ans,  que  ne  poit 
a  covenant  estre  lie;  et  auxi  per  count  est  sup¬ 
pose  que  le  covenant  se  fist  long  temps  passe,  a 
quel  tempts  ele  fuit  de  meindre  age.  Per  que 
devers  luy  parnes  riens  per  votre  brief ;  et  pur 
les  auters  dient  ceo  qu’ils  voillent. 

Gower. 

Sir,  le  gros  de  son  action  depend  tout  sur  le 
departir .  del  servant ;  car  s’il  n’ust  unques  de- 
murre  ovesques  luy,  constat  qu’il  n’ust  unques 
ew  accion  devers  nous  del  retener.  Et  depuis  que 
le  servant  est  ajuge  tiel,  que  ne  poit  a  covenant 
estre  lie,  per  le  departir  hors  de  lour  service  nul 
tort  en  luy  sera  ajuge:  et  depuis  que  en  le  de¬ 
partir,  que  est  principal,  il  n’y  ad  paz  tort,  per 
consequens  nec  en  retener  de  luy  tort  en  nous 
puit  estre  ajuge.  Pur  que  etc. 

Moubray. 

Nient  pluis  list  il  prendre  mon  servant  hors  de 
mon  service  que  est  deinz  age,  que  celuy  que 
est  de  plein  age.  Et  depuis  que  ne  deditz  per 
que  ele  fuit  en  notre  service  tanques  ele  fuit 
retenu  per  vous;  et  il  est  defendu  per  l’estatut 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


429* 

que  nul  home  prendre  auter  servant;  et  mesques 
ele  fuit  deins  age,  vous  per  ;tant  n’estes  pas  ex¬ 
cuse  ;  et  le  tort  a  nous  fait  est  conu ;  nous  pri- 
omus  nos  damages. 

Finch  den. 

Si  vous  eusses  pris  accion  per  tiel  voy,  scilicet, 
que  nous  luy  prisomus  hors  de  votre  service,  per 
cas  le  matter  seroit  auter,  et  le  Ley  donneroit 
devers  nous  votre  rec[overer],  mes  votre  action 
est  pris  de  ceo  qu’il  fuit  retenu  en  votre  service, 
et  departi  devant  le  terme  limitte  sanz  cause 
reasonable,  et  que  puis  nous  luy  recevomus  en 
nous  service ;  ou  al  reteiner  en  votre  service  et  al 
departir  de  cel  diomus  que  vous  estes  pleinement 
servy.  Car  de  ceo  tort  n’est  que  pas  ajuge  en 
nous,  eo  que  ceo  ne  puit  estre  ajuge  retener, 
pur  ceo  que  le  servant  ne  fuit  pas  liable,  par  que 
il  sembla  quant  el  puit  departir  et  servir,  (ou  el 
voudra)  que  en  le  retener  nul  tiel  tort  puit  estre 
ajuge,  nient  plus  que  si  el  n’ust  unques  este  re- 
tenue  devant. 

Wilb.  [Wilughby] 

Quides  vous  mesques  covenant  ne  la  puit  Her 
per  nonage,  que  list  a  vous  purtant  luy  traire 
hors  de  service?  Certein  est  que  non.  Purque 
respondes. 

Gower. 

Nous  ne  luy  retenomus  pas.  Prest. 

Et  alii  e  contra. 

Vide  qu’ils  demurre  devant  in  Ley,  etc.,  et  a 
ore  sont  a  issu  in  fait  etc. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  381. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  Rogero  Hillary  et 


Opinio 

Curiae. 


APPENDIX 


43°* 


MidcT 


sociis  suis  iusticiariis  de  Banco  de  termino  Pasche, 
anno  .  .  .  vicesimo  nono.  .  .  . 

Rot.  59  d. 

Robertus  Brewere  de  Holebourn  et  Elena,  vxor 
eius,  et  Matilldis,  filia  Philippi  de  Cornwaille,  nuper 
seruiens  Thome  Cheris,  coteler,  attachiati  fuerunt 
ad  respondendum  tarn  domino  Regi  quam  Thome 
Cheris,  coteler,  de  placito  quare  cum  per  Regem  et 
consilium  suum  pro  communi  vtilitate  regni  Regis 
Anglie  ordinatum  sit  quod  si  aliquis  seruiens,  cuius- 
cumque  status  seu  condicionis  fuerit,  in  seruicio 
alicuius  retentus  ante  finem  termini  concordati  a 
dicto  seruicio  sine  licencia  vel  causa  racionabili  re- 
cesserit,  penam  imprisonamenti  subeat,  nec  aliquis 
sub  eadem  pena  talem  in  seruicio  suo  recipere  vel 
retinere  presumat,  predicti  Robertus  et  Elena  pre- 
dictam  Matilldem  in  seruicio  ipsius  Thome  apud 
London’  retentam,  que  ab  eodem  seruicio  ante  finem 
termini  inter  eos  concordati  sine  licencia  et  causa 
racionabili  recessit,  in  seruicium  ipsorum  Roberti  et 
Elene  admiserunt  et  retinuerunt,  in  Regis  con- 
temptum  et  ipsius  Thome  graue  dampnum  et  contra 
formam  ordinacionis  predicte,  et  eciam  de  placito 
quare  predicta  Matilldis  a  seruicio  eiusdem  Thome 
sine  licencia  sua  et  causa  racionabili  ante  finem 
termini  inter  eos  concordati  recessit,  in  Regis  con- 
temptum  et  ipsius  Thome  graue  dampnum  et  contra 
ordinacionem  supradictam  etc. 

Et  vnde  idem  Thomas,  qui  sequitur  tarn  pro 
domino  Rege  quam  pro  se  ipso,  queritur  de  eo  quare 
cum  per  dominum  Regem  etc.  pro  communi  vtilitate 
etc.  ordinatum  sit  quod  si  aliquis  seruiens  etc.  ante 
finem  termini  concordati  etc.  sine  licencia  etc. 
penam  imprisonamenti  subeat,  nec  aliquis  sub 
eadem  pena  etc.  recipere  vel  retinere  presumat,  pre¬ 
dicti  Robertus  et  Elena  predictam  Matilldem  in 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


43 1 


* 


seruicio  ipsius  Thome  apud  London’,  videlicet,  in 
parochia  Sancti  Stephani  in  warda  de  Coleman- 
strete  retentam  ad  seruiendum  eidem  Thome  a  die 
dominica  proxima  ante  festum  Natiuitatis  Sancti 
Iohannis  Baptiste,  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc 
Anglie  vicesimo  tercio,  per  septem  annos  integros 
tunc  proxime  sequentes,  que  ab  eodem  seruicio  ante 
finem  termini  etc.  sine  licencia  etc.  recessit,  vide¬ 
licet,  die  dominica  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis  anno  regni  eiusdem  domini  Regis  nunc 
Anglie  vicesimo  octauo  in  parochia  Sancte  Marie  de 
Arcubus  in  warde  de  Chepe,  in  seruicium  ipsorum 
Roberti  et  Elene  in  warda  de  Farndon  in  parochia 
Sancti  Andree  in  Holebourn  admiserunt  et  retin- 
uerunt,  in  domini  Regis  contemptum  et  ipsius 
Thome  graue  dampnum  et  contra  formam  ordina- 
cionis  etc.,  et  eciam  de  placito  quare  predicta  Matill- 
dis  a  seruicio  eiusdem  Thome  predicta  1  die  domin¬ 
ica  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  anno 
vicesimo  octauo,  sine  licencia  etc.  ante  finem  ter¬ 
mini  etc.  recessit,  in  ipsius  Regis  contemptum  etc.  et 
contra  ordinacionem  etc.,  vnde  dicit  quod  deter¬ 
iorate  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  viginti 
librarum,  et  inde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  Robertus  et  Elena  veniunt  et  defendunt  vim 
et  iniuriam  etc.  et  quia  tarn  per  examinacionem 
predicte  Matilldis  hie  in  curia  in  propria  persona 
sua  comparentis  quam  per  inspeccionem  corporis 
sui  constat  curie  hie  quod  predicta  Matilldis  est 
infra  etatem  modo  et  non  fuit  nisi  solomodo  etatis 
trium  annorum,  tempore  quo  predictus  Thomas 
supponit  ipsam  Matilldem  cum  eo  retentam  fuisse, 
quo  tempore  eadem  Matilldis  nullo  pars  esse  potuit 
ad  aliquem  contractum  seu  ad  aliquam  conuen- 
cionem  faciendam,  consideratum  est  quo  ad  ipsam 


1  MS.  predictis. 


APPENDIX 


43 2  * 

APPENDIX 

London’ 

octabis 

Matilldem  quod  predictus  Thomas  nichil  capiat  per 
breue  suum,  set  sit  in  misericordia  pro  falso  clameo 
etc.  Et  Matilldis  inde  sine  die  etc. 

Et  predicti  Robertus  et  Elena  bene  defendunt 
quod  predicta  Matilldis  non  fuit  retenta  cum  pre^ 
dicto  Thoma  in  forma  qua  idem  Thomas  superius 
versus  eos  narrauit.  Et  de  hoc  ponunt  se  super 
patriam  et  predictus  Thomas  similiter. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomitibus  London’  quod 
venire  faciant  hie  in  octabis  Sancti  Michaelis  de 

Michaelis.  warda  predicta  de  Colemanstrete  xii  etc.  per  quos 


Case  42. 

etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  ad  recognoscendum  etc.  quia 
tarn  etc. 

Y.  B.,  so  Trin.,  3,  f.  13. 


Le  statute 
de  labour¬ 
ers  81. 1 

Un  Henry  B.  Parson  de  B.  port  briefe  sur  le 
statute  de  labourers  vers  Thomas  F.  Chaplein,  et 
counta  coment  il  fist  covenant  ove  luy  a  servir  en 
le  Office  de  seneschal,  et  d’estre  son  chaplein  paro¬ 
chial  a  certeins  temps  etc.  Et  que  il  fuit  en  son 
service,  et  depart  sans  cause  reasonable. 

Hanimer. 

Quant  a  ceo  que  il  ad  count  que  nous  fesomus 
covenant  d’estre  son  seneschal,  et  que  nous  sumus 
en  son  service  de  seneschal,  nous  diomus  que  nous 
ne  fiomus  unques  tiel  covenant  ove  luy,  prists : 

Et  alii  e  contra. 

Et  quant  a  ceo  que  voe  surmistes,  que  fesomus 
covenant  ove  luy  d’estre  Chaplein  parochial ;  et  que 
nous  departomus  hors  de  son  service,  nous  enten- 
domus  que  le  statute  n’est  a  auter  entent,  mes  a 
ceux  que  sont  labourers  artificers,  et  ceo  n’est  Tun 
ne  Tauter,  mes  le  servant  de  Dieu,  issint  ne  fuit  il 

1  Error  for  41. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


433 


* 


pas  lie  per  le  statute,  issint  n’entendomus  my  que 
devers  nous  cest  accion  gist,  car  chescun  auter  ser¬ 
vant  s’il  soit  en  sanite  et  power  de  corps,  il  est  tenus 
de  faire  son  service,  et  son  labour  de  jour  en  jour, 
mes  le  Chaplein  n’est  tenus  de  chaunter  chescun 
jour,  s’il  ne  voille,  pur  divers  causes  que  gissent  en 
son  conscience,  et  issint  poet  cesser  de  chaunter 
par  un  demaine  ou  deux,  issint  que  il  est  tout  en 
auter  degree  que  labourer  ou  artificer. 

Clopton. 

Cestuy  que  est  son  Chaplein  parochial,  poet  estre 
plus  tost  a  judge  labourer,  que  auter  Chaplein  que 
doit  servir  solement  ou  Parson  singuler;  car  Par¬ 
son  parochial  ad  plusors  choses  a  faire  que  de 
chaunter  sa  messe,  et  auters  divine  services;  car  il 
covient  a  luy  de  visiter  les  maladies  de  son  paroche 
a  lour  meas,  de  lour  faire  aver  les  droits  de  Saint 
Esglise,  et  auxy  il  covient  que  les  Parsons  de 
Saint  Esglise  eiount  lour  service  necessaries,  car 
ils  ne  poient  my  faire  ils  mesmes ;  per  que  il  semble 
a  divers  regards  que  il  est  auxint  avant  en  case  de 
statute  come  auter  persone  de  people. 

Belknap. 

Cest  fuit  un  case  et  matter  adjourne  en  Tauter 
terme  a  ore,  et  il  nous  est  avis  et  a  nous  compag- 
Judicium.  nons  de  bank  le  Roy  auxy,  que  n’est  lie  per  statute, 
come  auter  person  est;  per  que  quant  a  ceo  point 
nous  vous  dischargeomus,  et  quant  au  remanent  de 
que  vous  estes  a  issue,  gardes  vostre  jour,  etc. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  462. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  R.  de  Bealknapp  et 
sociis  suis  iusticiariis  .  .  de  Banco  de  termino  Pasche, 
anno  .  .  .  quinquagesimo. 


Rot.  100  d. 


APPENDIX 


434* 

Hunt’  Willelmus  Can  de  Brampton  attachiatus  fuit  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  tarn  domino  Regi  quam  Willelmo,  per- 
sone  ecclesie  de  Ripton  Abbatis,  de  placito  quare  cum 
per  dominum  Regem  et  consilium  suum  .  .  (de¬ 

parture  clause,  cf.  app.,  420)  predictus  Willelmus  Can,, 
nuper  seruiens  ipsius  Willelmi,  persone,  in  seruicio 
suo  apud  Ripton  Abbatis  retentus  ab  eodem  seruicio 
....  (identical  with  app.,  421,  mutatis  mutandis) 
et  contra  formam  ordinacionis  predicte. 

Et  vnde  idem  Willelmus,  persona,  in  propria  per¬ 
sona  sua  queritur  quod  predictus  Willelmus  Can,  die 
Iouis  proximo  post  festum  apostolorum  Petri  et 
Pauli  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  quadra- 
gesimo  nono,  apud  Ripton  Abbatis  retentus  fuisset 
cum  prefato  Willelmo,  persona,  essendi  capellanus 
parochialis  ac  procurator  suus  ad  ecclesiam  suam  de 
Ripton  Abbatis  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni 
eiusdem  domini  Regis  nunc  supradicto  vsque  idem 
festum  Sancti  Michaelis  extunc  proxime  sequens,  pre¬ 
dictus  Willelmus  Can  die  Lune  proximo  post  festum 
Sancti  Martini  in  yeme  infra  terminum  predictum  a 
dicto  seruicio  sine  causa  racionabili  et  licencia  ipsius 
Willelmi,  persone,  recessit,  in  Regis  contemptum  et 
ipsius  Willelmi  persone  graue  dampnum  et  contra 
formam  ordinacionis  predicte,  vnde  dicit  quod  deter¬ 
iorate  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  viginti 
librarum,  et  inde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  predictus  Willelmus  Can  in  propria  persona  sua 
venit  et  defendit  vim  et  iniuriam  quando  etc.  Et  quo 
ad  hoc  quod  per  declaracionem  predicti  Willelmi, 
persone,  supponitur  ipsum  cum  eo  retentum  fuisse  in 
officio  capellani  parochialis  et  ab  eodem  seruicio  sine 
licencia  recessisse  etc.  quod  iurisdiccio  et  potestas  ad 
ipsum  occasione  premissa  puniendum  et  castigandum 
mere  pertinet  ad  ordinarium  suum  et  non  ad  curiam 
Regis,  hie  eo  quod  in  statuto  de  seruientibus  et  labor- 
ariis  nulla  fit  mencio  de  capellanis,  nec  in  eisdem  con- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


435 


* 


tinetur  quod  capellani  per  penam  in  ordinacione  et 
statuto  limitatam  castigari  debent  etc. ;  vnde  petit  iu- 
dicium  si  predictus  Willelmus,  persona,  accionem  pre- 
dictam  per  huiusmodi  breue  manutenere  debeat  etc.  Et 
quo  ad  hoc  quod  idem  Willelmus,  persona,  supponit 
ipsum  cum  eo  retentum  in  officio  procuratoris  et  a  dicto 
seruicio  sine  licencia  recessisse,  dicit  quod  predictus 
Willelmus,  persona,  certis  de  causis  fuit  imprisonatus 
in  gaola  de  Neugate,  pro  cuius  quidem  deliberacione 
facienda  quidam  Iohannes  de  Ditton,  clericus,  adtunc 
firmarius  dicte  ecclesie  de  Ripton,  per  scriptum  suum 
obligatorium  obligauit  se  cuidam  Iohanni  Vpheis  in 
centum  libris  soluendis  certis  die  et  loco  in  dicto 
scripto  obligatorio  contentis ;  quiquidem  Iohannes 
Vpheys  postea  obiit,  post  cuius  mortem  quidem  Wal- 
terus  Rudham,  executor  testamenti  predicti  Iohannis 
Vpheis,  prosecutus  fuit  quoddam  breue  de  debito 
versus  prefatum  Iohannem  de  Ditton  de  debito  pre- 
dicto;  super  quo  concordatum  fuit  quod  idem  Iohan¬ 
nes  de  Ditton  rehaberet  predictum  scriptum  suum 
obligatorium  et  quod  idem  Willelmus  Can  obligaret 
se  prefato  Waltero  Rudham  in  centum  libris  soluen¬ 
dis  eidem  Waltero  apud  Huntyngdon’  in  festo  Natalis 
Domini  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  quadra- 
gesimo  nono  vnam  medietatem,  et  aliam  medietatem 
ad  festum  Pasche  proxime  sequens,  et  dicit  quod 1 
ipse  conuenit  cum  prefato  Willelmo,  persona,  sub  tali 
condicione  quod  idem  Willelmus,  persona,  solueret 
prefato  Waltero  Rudham  quadraginta  libras  ante 
festum  Sancti  Martini  anno  regni  eiusdem  domini 
Regis  nunc  supradicto  vel  ipsum  erga  prefatum  Wal- 
terum  de  summa  predicta  acquietaret ;  quiquidem 
Willelmus,  persona,  nullam  dictarum  condicionum 
perfecit,  per  quod  ipse  a  seruicio  predicto  recessit 
prout  ei  bene  licuit,  vnde  petit  iudicium  etc. 


‘In  MS.  “quod”  is  repeated. 


APPENDIX 


Et  predictus  Willelmus,  persona,  quo  ad  hoc  quod 
prefatus  Willelmus  Can  superius  placitauit  et  alle- 
gauit  punicionem  capellanorum  etc.  ad  ordinarium 
loci  etc.  et  non  ad  curiam  hie  pertinere  etc.,  dicit  quod 
ordinacio  de  seruitoribus  et  operariis  et  artificibus  etc. 
generalis  est,  nulla  excepcione  in  eadem  facta  de 
capellanis  siue  de  aliquibus  aliis  personis  cuiuscumque 
status  seu  condicionis  fuerit ;  et  sic  intelligi  debet  quod 
accio  datur  per  eandem  cuilibet  homini  qui  huiusmodi 
capellanos  retinuit  si  a  seruicio  suo  recesserint  et 
punicio  in  illo  casu,  tarn  de  capellanis  illis  castigandis 
quam  de  aliis  personis  cuiuscumque  status  etc.,  ad 
curiam  hie  secundum  sua  demerita  pertinet  et  per¬ 
tinere  intelligi  debet.  Et  ex  quo  idem  Willelmus  Can 
superius  expresse  cognoscit  quod  ipse  cum  eodem 
Willelmo,  persona,  retentus  fuit  et  non  dedicit  quin 
a  seruicio  suo  ante  finem  termini  etc.  et  sine  causa 
racionabili  etc.  recessit,  petit  iudicium  et  dampnum 
sibi  in  hac  parte  adiudicari  etc.  Et  quo  ad  hoc  quod 
prefatus  Willelmus  Can  superius  placitando  allegauit 
ipsum  conuenisse  cum  prefato  Willelmo,  persona,  de 
essendo  in  officio  procuratoris  sub  condicione  prealle- 
gata  etc.,  dicit  quod  ipse  simpliciter  conuenit  cum  eo, 
absque  aliqua  tali  condicione,  prout  ipse  superius  per 
breue  et  narracionem  sua  supponit,  et  hoc  petit  quod 
inquiratur  per  patriam  et  predictus  Willelmus  Can 
similiter. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
hie  a  die  Sancte  Trinitatis  in  xv  dies  per  iusticiarios 
xii  etc.  per  quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  ad  recognos- 
cendum  etc.  quia  tarn  etc.  Et  super  hoc  Nicholaus 
de  Styvecke,  senior,  Johannes  de  Styvecke,  Ricardus 
Faron  et  Iohannes  Bttllok  de  comitatu  Hunt’  manu- 
ceperunt  predictum  Willelmum  Can  habendi  corpus 
eius  hie  ad  prefatum  terminum  et  sic  de  die  in  diem 
ad  quemlibet  diem  placiti  quousque  iurata  inde  inter 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  437  * 

eos  transierit  et  iudicium  inde  redditum  fuerit,  vide¬ 
licet,  quilibet  eorum  corpus  pro  corpore  etc. 

Idem  dies  datus  est  predictis  Wiilelmo  et  Willelmo 
audituris  iudicium  suum  etc.  quo  ad  hoc  quod  placita- 
uerunt  ad  iudicium  etc.  Ad  quern  diem  venit  tain 
predictus  Willelmus  Meuryk  per  Thomam  Meis,  at- 
tornatum  suum,  quam  predictus  Willelmus  Can  in 
propria  persona  sua  etc.  et  nichil  inde  fecit  vice- 
comes  non  misit  breue  etc.  Ideo  sicut  prius,  precep- 
tum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat  hie  a  die  Sancti 
Michaelis  in  xv  dies  per  iusticiarios  xii  etc.  ad  cog- 
noscendum  in  forma  predicta  etc. ;  ad  quern  diem 
venerunt  partes  etc.  et  vicecomes  non  misit  breue. 
Ideo  sicut  pluries  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod 
venire  faciat  hie  a  die  Sancti  Michaelis  in  vnum 
mensem  per  iusticiarios  xii  etc.  ad  recognoscendum  in 
forma  predicta  etc.  Idem  dies  datus  est  partibus  pre¬ 
dictis  per  attornatos  suos  hie  etc. 

Et  quo  ad  hoc  vnde  partes  predicte  superius  pla- 
citarunt  in  iudicium,  consideratum  est  quod  predictus 
Willelmus,  persona,  nichil  capiat  per  breue  suum 
predictum  set  sit  in  misericordia  pro  falso  clameo  suo. 
Et  predictus  Willelmus  Can  eat  inde  sine  die  etc.  Ad 
quern  diem  mensis  Michaelis  vicecomes  non  misit 
breue.  Ideo  sicut  pluries  preceptum  est  vicecomiti 
quod  venire  faciat  hie  in  octabis  Sancti  Hillarii  per 
iusticiarios  xii  etc.  per  quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  ad 
recognoscendum  in  forma  predicta  etc. 

Case  20.  (Record  not  found.) 

Y.  B.,  40  Mich.,  16,  f.  39. 

Labor-  John  K.  porta  briefe  foundue  sur  le  statute  de  anno 

ers  21.  23  E.  3.  cap.  1.  de  Laborers,  et  le  briefe  fuit  tiel : 

Stat.  4.  come  ordeine  fuit  que  touts  ceux  que  fueront  deins 
l’age  de  lx.  ans,  et  ne  scavoient  nul  mistier,  et 
ne  teignent  terres,  ne  tenements  entre  queux  que  ils 


APPENDIX 


poient  occupier,  que  ils  devoient  server  sils  soient  re- 
quise,  et  dit  que  il  requist  le  defendant  de  luy  server 
en  office,  etc. 

Moris. 

La  ou  il  dit  que  nous  n’avomus  terres  ne  tenements, 
nous  diomus  que  nous  avomus  xv  acres  de  terre,  pur 
quel  nous  devomus  faire  xx  overaignes,  et  aulters 
besoignes  chescun  an,  al  Evesque  de  Londres  a  son 
manor  de  W.  et  avomus  jour  que  il  ad  suppose  le 
request,  judgement  si  action  poit  aver  il. 

Belknap. 

Sir,  il  ad  dit  que  il  n’ad  que  vi  acres  terre,  quel 
n’est  pas  sufficient  occupation,  per  que. 

Finchden. 

Il  ad  dit  que  il  doit  faire  pur  mesme  la  terre  xx 
overaignes,  et  cel  est  sufficient  occupation,  per  que,  etc. 

Belknap. 

Nous  diomus  que  il  n’ad  que  vi  acres  de  terre,  et 
il  ne  doit  faire  que  vi  overes,  que  poient  este  fait  en 
un  semaigne,  issint  n’ad  il  pas  sufficient  cause  d’estre 
excuse,  per  que  nous  demaundomus  judgement. 

Moris. 

Et  del  heure  que  vous  aves  conus  que  nous  avomus 
terres,  pur  queux  nous  devomus  tant  des  overes  per 
quel  heure  que  ceo  pleist  al  Seignior,  issint  ne  poi- 
omus  vous  server,  et  auxy  faire  les  services  dues  al 
Evesque,  per  que  judgement. 

Belknap. 

Nous  avomus  dit  que  vous  ne  deves  faire  que  vi 
overes,  qeux  poient  este  fait  en  poy  de  temps,  et 
auterment  chescun  home  pur  un  tiel  petit  value,  sera 
excuse  de  chescun  service. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


439 


* 


Finchden. 

Sir,  le  statute  fuit  fait  en  advantage  des  Seigniors, 
que  ils  n’avoient  pas  default  des  servants,  et  il  est 
necessary  a  chescun  Seignior  de  lesser  parcel  de  sa 
terre  pur  faire  les  services  dues  a  son  manor,  et  per 
tant  est  il  occupie  en  son  service  pur  le  temps,  per 
Judic-  que  vous  pleintife  ne  preignes  riens  per  votre  briefe, 
ium  etc.  Quel  person  sera  dit  sufficient  de  terre  que  il  ne 
servira,  Nota  bene. 

5.  Cases  10,  1 7,  28,  32  and  36.  ( Cf .  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  5.) 

Case  10. 

F.  H.,  33  Hill.,  Laborers,  56. 

Un  T.  port  briefe  Denprisonment  vers  K.  et  auters 
deux  et  count  que  toutz  luy  prist  et  enprison. 

Clam.  [Claymond] 

Pour  K.  diomus  que  deuaunt  le  iour  denprison¬ 
ment  suppose,  nous  allomus  le  pleintife  de  nous 
seruyr  etc.  par  vne  an,  et  deins  lan  et  deuaunt  len- 
prisonment,  le  pleintife  depart  hors  de  nostre  seruice 
sauns  conge  etc.  ou  cause  resonable,  ou  apres  nous 
fesomus  nostre  pleint  al  Constable  del  ville  ou  etc. 
que  est  vn  de  les  auters  nosme  etc.,  et  il  vient  oue 
nous  et  nous  ii.  vous  prisomus,  et  puis  vous  reteno- 
mus  en  nostre  seruice  tanques  al  fyne  del  terme  etc., 
iugement  etc.  lauter  vient  en  aide  de  luy  etc. 

Skipwith. 

Ceo  que  vous  ditz  nest  enprisonment,  quar  vn  ser- 
uaunt  comenment  est  arge  de  faire  ses  seruices,  par 
que. 

Clam.  [Claymond] 

Ceo  que  vous  suppose  lenprisonment  est  le  prise 
et  le  retenir  en  nostre  seruice,  encontre  vostre  gre 
que  est  congeable  par  ley. 


440 


APPENDIX 


* 


Skipwith. 

Unce  duisse  trauerser  chescun  auter  enprisonment. 
Thorp. 

Ne  besoigne,  par  que  respondes. 

Skipwith. 

Del  heure  que  il  nad  monstre  que  il  nous  dereygne 
par  suist  fait  come  lestatut  voit.  etc.,  iugement  quar 
al  comen  ley  auter  recfouerer]  ne  fuit  don  en  ceo 
cas  forsque  briefe  de  Couenaunt,  par  que  il  ad  conus 
lenprisonment.  etc. 

Grene. 

Ieo  die  que  al  comen  ley  que  si  ieo  sue  apparceu 
que  mon  seruaunt  se  voyle  esloigner  etc.  que  ieo  luy 
pourre  reteigner  magre  le  soen  pur  le  terme. 

Skipwith. 

Mes  sil  soit  esloigne,  ne  poies  luy  prendre  et  re- 
amestie  encounter  son  gree  al  comen  ley. 

Seton. 

Tout  est  vn,  et  tout  fuit  il  issint  al  comen  ley,  il 
est  auter  ore,  quar  lestatute  voit  que  il  serre  pris  et 
demourre  en  prison  tanques  il  troue  suerte  de  seruer 
son  mester  pur  le  terme,  par  que  coment  que  il  le 
prent  mesme  lou  il  est  parnable  par  ley  il  ne  fait 
offens  etc.  et  puis  par  auise  de  toutz  les  Iustiz 
agarde  fuyt  que  il  prist  ryens  par  son  briefe  et 
cetera. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  397. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  Roberto  de  Thorp 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  de  Banco  de  ter- 
mino  Sancti  Hillarii,  anno  .  .  .  tricesimo  secundo 

finiente  et  tricesimo  tercio  incipiente . 

Rot.  183  d. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


441 


* 


Norht'  Katerina  Latymer,  senior,  et  Iohannes  of  the  Graunge 
in  misericordia  pro  pluribus  defaltis  etc. 

Iidem  Katerina  et  Iohannes  et  Ricardus  Katerinesprest  Laty¬ 
mer  attachiati  fuerunt  ad  respondendum  Iohanni,  filio  Ricardi 
Iones,  de  placito  quare  vi  et  armis  ipsum  Iohannem,  filium  Ri¬ 
cardi,  apud  Wardon  ceperunt,  imprisonauerunt  et  male  tracta- 
uerunt  et  alia  enormia  ei  intulerunt  ad  graue  dampnum  ipsius 
Iohannis,  filii  Ricardi,  et  contemptum  Regis  etc. 

Et  vnde  idem  Iohannes,  filiiis  Ricardi,  per  Adam  de  Cherle- 
ton,  attornatum  suum,  queritur  quod  predicti  Katerina  et  alii 
die  Lune  proximo  ante  festum  Natalis  Domini  anno  regni 
domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  tricesimo  vi  et  armis,  scilicet  gladiis, 
arcubus  et  sagittis,  ipsum  Iohannem,  filium  Ricardi,  apud  War¬ 
don  ceperunt,  imprisonauerunt  et  male  tractauerunt  et  alia 
enormia  etc.  et  contra  pacem  etc. ;  vnde  dicit  quod  deterioratus 
est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  viginti  librarum,  et  inde 
producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  Katerina  et  alii  per  - 1  attornatum  suum  veniunt  et 

defendunt  vim  et  iniuriam  quando  etc.  et  quo  ad  venire  vi  et 
armis  etc.  dicunt  quod  ipsi  in  nullo  sunt  inde  culpabiles  etc.  et 
quo  ad  residuum  transgressionis  etc.  eadem  Katerina  dicit 
quod  predictus  Iohannes,  filius  Ricardi,  fuit  seruiens  ipsius 
Katerine  cum  ipsa  ad  deseruiendum  ei  tanquam  laborarius 
apud  Wardon  retentus,  videlicet,  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis,  anno 
regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  tricesimo,  vsque  idem  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  tunc  proxime  sequens,  et  quia  predictus  Io¬ 
hannes,  filius  Ricardi,  predicto  die  Lune  a  seruicio  ipsius  Kate¬ 
rine  iniuste  et  maliciose  et  absque  causa  racionabili  recessit 
et  se  elongauit,  eadem  Katerina  per  auxilium  predicti  Iohannis 
of  the  Graunge,  tunc  constabularii  ville  predicte,  arestari  fecit 
predictum  Iohannem,  filium  Ricardi,  ibidem  ad  deseruiendum 
ipsi  Katerine  prout  ei  bene  licuit. 

Et  predictus  Iohannes  of  the  Graunge  dicit  quod  ipse  tunc 
temporis  fuit  constabularius  ville  predicte  et  ad  requisicionem 
predicte  Katerine  venit  ibidem  racione  officii  sui  ad  predictum 


1  Blank  left  for  name. 


442 


APPENDIX 


* 

Iohannem,  filium  Ricardi,  occasione  premissa  arrestandum  et 
ipsum  arrestauit  et  ad  seruicium  ipsius  Katerine  reduxit  prout 
iuri  conuenit  in  huiusmodi  casu. 

Et  predictus  Ricardus  dicit  quod  ipse  tunc  erat  seruiens  pre- 
dicte  Katerine  et  venit  in  auxilium  eiusdem  ad  arrestum  pre¬ 
dictum  faciendum  in  forma  predicta,  vnde  petunt  iudicium  si 
predictus  Iohannes,  filius  Ricardi,  iniuriam  in  personis  suis 
affirmare  possit  etc. 

Et  Iohannes,  filius  Ricardi,  dicit  quod  ex  quo  ipse  liber  et 
libere  condicionis  existit  non  fuit  licitum  nec  iuri  consonum 
ipsum  capere  nec  imprisonare  occasione  superius  per  predictam 
Katerinam  et  alios  allegata,  set  in  casu  quo  aliquis  liber  homo  in 
seruicio  alicuius  retentus  ab  eodem  seruicio  ante  finem  termini 
sui  recesserit,  competit  accio  per  breue  vel  querelam  de  con- 
uencione  fracta  et  ex  quo  ipsi  superius  cognouerunt  capcio- 
nem  et  detencionem  corporis  ipsius  lohannis,  petit  iudicium  et 
dampna  sibi  adiudicari. 

Et  predicti  Katerina  et  alii  petunt  iudicium  ex  quo  predictus 
Iohannes,  filius  Ricardi,  superius  cognouit  ipsum  in  seruicio 
ipsius  Katerine  fuisse  retentum  et  ab  eodem  sine  causa  racion- 
abili  rececisse  1  vt  preallegatum  est ;  in  quo  casu  bene  licitum 
fuit  ipsum  arestare  et  ad  seruicium  suum  reducere;  petunt 
iudicium  vt  prius  si  iniuria  in  eis  assignari  possit. 

Et  super  hoc  habito  auisamento  super  placito  predicto,  con- 
sideratum  est  quod  idem  Iohannes,  filius  Ricardi,  nichil  capiat 
per  breue  suum,  set  sit  in  misericordia  pro  falso  clameo.  Et 
predicti  Katerina  et  alii  eant  inde  sine  die  etc. 

Case  1 7. 

Y.  B.,  39  Mich.,  f.  37.  Trespas. 

Hillard  Uffiet  port  bref  de  Transgressione  vers  un  Th.  Et 
counta  que  il  vient  a  force  et  armes,  et  amena  son  servant  hors 
de  son  service. 

Et  le  defendant  per  Claymond  demanda  jugement  de  count : 
car  il  n’ad  pas  counte  combien  il  fuit  hors  de  son  service. 


Probably  for  recessisse. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


443 


* 


Non  allocatur. 

Puis  il  chalenga  le  bref,  purtant  que  l’accion  est  don  par 
Statut,  issint  duist  il  aver  bref  sur  le  Statut.  Et  demanda 
Jugement  de  bref  vi  et  armis. 

Mombray. 

Coment  que  ce  accion  soit  don  par  Statut,  le  bref  fuit  a  le 
Comon  Ley,  et  n’est  pas  defait  par  Statut,  etc. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  421. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  Roberto  de  Thorp 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  de  Banco  de 
termino  Sancti  Michaelis,  anno  .  .  .  tricesimo  nono. 

Rot.  428  d. 

Line'  Rogerus  Beauchamp  in  miser icordia  pro  pluribus  de- 
faltis  etc. 

Idem  Rogerus  attachiatus  fuit  ad  respondendum  Illardo  de 
Vsflet  de  placito  quare  vi  et  armis  Willelmum  Grym,  seruien- 
tem  ipsius  Illardi  in  seruicio  suo  apud  Walcotte  existentem, 
cepit  et  abduxit  et  alia  enormia  ei  intulit,  ad  graue  dampnum 
ipsius  Illardi  et  contra  pacem  Regis  etc. 

Et  vnde  idem  Illardus  in  propria  persona  sua  queritur  quod 
predictus  Rogerus  die  dominica  proxima  post  festum  Natiui- 
tatis  Sancti  Iohannis  Baptiste,  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc 
tricesimo  nono,  vi  et  armis,  scilicet  gladiis,  arcubus  et  sagittis, 
Willelmum  Grym,  seruientem  ipsius  Illardi  in  seruicio  suo 
apud  Walcote  existentem,  cepit  et  abduxit  et  alia  enormia  etc., 
ad  graue  dampnum  etc.  et  contra  pacem  Regis  etc.  vnde  dicit 
quod  deterioratus  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  viginti 
librarum,  et  inde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  Rogerus  per  Iohannem  de  Keuermond,  attornatum  suum, 
venit  et  defendit  vim  et  iniuriam  quando  etc.  Et  quoad  venire 
vi  et  armis  et  contra  pacem  etc.  dicit  quod  ipse  non  est  inde 
culpabilis.  Et  quoad  capcionem  predicti  Willelmi  etc.  dicit 
quod  diu  ante  predictam  diem  dominicam,  videlicet,  die  Lune 
proximo  ante  festum  Sancti  Martini  in  yeme  anno  regni  domini 


444 


APPENDIX 


* 

Regis  nunc  tricesimo  octauo,  predictus  Willelmus  retentus  fuit 
cum  ipso  Rogero  ad  seruiendum  ei  a  predicto  festo  Sancti 
Martini  in  yeme  tunc  proxime  sequente  per  vnum  annum  dura- 
turum  apud  Normanby  Claxby  in  officio  carucarii  et  carectarii 
et  in  eodem  seruicio  extitit  vsque  diem  Lune  proximum  post 
clausum  Pasche  proxime  preteritum,  quo  die  idem  Willelmus 
ab  eodem  seruicio  sine  causa  racionabili  recessit  et  apud  Wal- 
cote  mansit;  et  dictus  Rogerus  eum  diligenter  inquirens  ibidem 
inuenit  et  ipsum  secum  in  seruicium  suum  reduxit  prout  ei 
bene  licuit ;  vnde  petit  iudicium  si  idem  Illardus  aliquam  in- 
iuriam  in  persona  sua  assignare  possit  etc. 

Et  Illardus  dicit  quod  idem  Rogerus  predictum  Willelmum 
sepius  verberauit  et  ei  victum  necessarium  dare  aut  salarium 
sibi  debitum  soluere  non  curauit,  per  quod  idem  Willelmus  a 
seruicio  predicti  Rogeri  recessit  et  predictus  Illardus  eum  con- 
duxit  in  seruicium  suum  apud  Walcote  predictum,  prout  bene 
licuit.  Et  hoc  paratus  est  verificare,  vnde  petit  iudicium  etc. 

Et  Rogerus  dicit  quod  predictus  Willelmus  recessit  a  seruicio 
ipsius  Rogeri  apud  Normanby  Claxby  ex  iniuria  sua  propria 
et  non  ex  causa  predicta,  prout  predictus  Illardus  superius 
allegauit  et  de  hoc  ponit  se  super  patriam  et  predictus  Illar¬ 
dus  similiter. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat  hie  a  die 
Pasche  in  xv  dies  per  iusticiarios  xii  etc.  de  visneto  de  Nor¬ 
manby  Claxby  per  quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  ad  recognoscen- 
dum  etc.  quia  tarn  etc.  Postea  continuato  inde  processu  hie 
vsque  ad  hunc  diem,  scilicet  a  die  Sancti  Michaelis  in  xv  dies 
tunc  proxime  sequentes,  nisi  iusticiarii  domini  Regis  ad  assisas 
in  comitatu  predicto  capiendas  assignati  die  Lune  proximo 
post  festum  Sancti  Iacobi  apostoli  apud  Lincoln’  prius  venis- 
sent. 

Et  modo  venerunt  predictus  Illardus  in  propria  persona  sua 
et  predicti  iusticiarii  ad  assisas  etc.  coram  quibus  remiserunt 
hie  recordum  suum  in  hec  verba.  Postea  die  et  loco  infracon- 
tentis  coram  [Thoma]  de  Ingelby  et  Iohanne  de  Cauendissh, 
iusticiariis  domini  Regis  ad  assisas  etc.,  venerunt  tarn  predictus 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  445  * 

Illardus  quam  predictus  Rogerus  infranominati  in  propriis  per- 
sonis  suis ;  et  similiter  iuratores  venerunt  qui  ex  consensu  par- 
cium  electi,  triati  et  iurati  dicunt  super  sacramentum  suum 
quod  predictus  Rogerus  predictum  Willelmum  Gryme  sepius 
verberauit  et  ei  victum  necessarium  non  dedit  aut  salarium  ei 
debitum  non  soluit,  per  quod  dictus  Willelmus  a  seruicio  eius- 
dem  Rogeri  recessit  et  dictus  Illardus  ipsum  Willelmum  con- 
duxit  et  in  seruicio  ipsius  Illardi  apud  Walcote  extitit  quousque 
predictus  Rogerus  ipsum  Willelmum  cepit  et  abduxit,  prout 
idem  Illardus  per  breue  suum  supponit,  ad  dampnum  ipsius 
Illardi  quatuor  marcarum. 

Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  predictus  Illardus  re¬ 
cuperet  versus  eum  dampna  sua  predicta  et  predictus 
Capiatur.  Rogerus  capiatur. 

Postea  in  quindena  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni 
domini  Regis  nunc  quadragesimo  primo,  venerunt 
tarn  predictus  Illardus  quam  predictus  Rogerus  in 
propriis  personis  suis,  et  idem  Rogerus  satisfecit 
Finis  v  s.  eidem  Illardo  de  denariis  predictis  et  super  hoc  idem 
Rogerus  fecit  finem  accione  predicta  de  quinque 
solidis,  per  plegium  Iohannis  Miles  de  Lincoln’  et 
Iohannis  de  Rasen  de  eodem  comitatu.  Ideo  idem 
Rogerus  deliberetur  etc. 


Case  28. 

Y.  B.,  41  Mich.,  4,  f.  20. 

Briefe  fuit  port  sur  le  Statute  de  Labourers,  et  le 
Labour-  plaintiffe  counta,  que  le  defendant  fist  covenant  a 
ers  24,  S.  in  comitatu  Her  ford,  et  que  il  departa  hors  de 
Br.  7.  son  service  a  T. 

Moris. 

Cest  briefe  est  port  par  cause  del  departer  hors 
de  son  service,  et  vous  diomus  que  T.  est  en  le 
countie  d’Essex,  et  cest  briefe  est  port  en  le  countie 
Herford,  judgement  de  cest  briefe. 


446* 


Labour¬ 
ers  36. 


APPENDIX 


Candish. 

Et  puis  que  cest  action  est  prise  sur  le  covenant, 
sur  quel  un  issue  poit  este  prise  auxibien,  come  sur 
le  departer,  et  S.  est  en  le  county  de  Herford,  judge¬ 
ment  si  nostre  breve  ne  soit  assets  bon. 

Wichingham. 

Si  vous  usses  especialty,  et  vostre  action  fuit  pris 
sur  le  covenant,  donques  le  briefe  port  en  S.  serroit 
bon,  mes  ore  Taction  est  pris  sur  le  departer. 

Candish. 

Le  covenant  est  triable  en  cest  cas,  auxibien  come 
en  briefe  de  covenant:  car  s’il  ne  fist  nul  covenant 
ovesque  nous,  donque  ne  fist  il  nul  tort. 

Moris. 

Passa  oustre,  et  dit,  que  il  ne  fuit  unques  en  son 
service,  prist. 

Candish. 

Depuis  que  vous  ne  dedits  pas,  que  vous  fistes 
covenant  ovesque  nous  de  nous  server,  issint  que 
le  departer  apres  fuit  torceous,  nous  demandomus 
judgement,  et  priomus  nous  damages. 

Moris. 

V ostre  action  est  del  departer,  et  si  nous  ne  fuimus 
unque  en  vostre  service,  donque  nous  ne  departismes 
pas,  per  que  il  semble,  que  nous  avomus  traverse 
vostre  action  purement. 

Finchden. 

Quant  vous  fistes  covenant  ovesque  luy,  main- 
tenant  vous  fuistes  retenue  en  son  service,  et  si  vous 
allastes  a  un  auter,  et  refusastes  de  luy  server,  ceo 
fuit  un  departer  hors  de  son  service,  per  que  voiles 
auter  chose  dire. 

Moris. 

11  ne  fuit  pas  retenus  ovesque  luy,  prist,  etc. 

Et  alii  e  contra,  etc. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  44y  * 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  429. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  Roberto  de  Thorp 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  de  Banco  de  ter- 
mino  Sancti  Michaelis,  anno  .  .  quadragesimo  primo 
etc. 

Rot.  180. 

Hertf’  Stephanus  Bolleman  de  Sabriches worth  attachiatus 
fuit  ad  respondendum  tarn  domino  Regi  quam  Ade  de 
Chestrefeld  de  placito  quare  cum  per  Regem  et  con¬ 
silium  suum  ....  (departure  clause,  cf.  app.,  420) 
predictus  Stephanus  in  seruicio  ipsius  Ade  apud 
Farneham  nuper  retentus,  ab  eodem  seruicio  .  .  . 

(identical  with  app.,  421,  mutatis  mutandis). 

Et  vnde  idem  Adam  qui  sequitur  etc.  per  Ricardum 
de  Fifhide,  attornatum  suum,  queritur  quod  cum  pre¬ 
dictus  Stephanus  ad  festum  Pasche  anno  regni  domini 
Regis  nunc  quadragesimo  primo  apud  Sabrichesworth 
retentus  fuisset  cum  predicto  Ada  ad  seruiendum 
sibi  apud  Farneham  in  officio  carectarii  et  carucarii  a 
dicto  festo  Pasche  vsque  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis 
Archangeli  tunc  proxime  sequens,  predictus  Stephanus 
sic  in  seruicio  ipsius  Ade  retentus  ab  eodem  seruicio 
sine  causa  racionabili  et  licencia  eiusdem  Ade  ante 
finem  predicti  termini  recessit,  in  Regis  contemptum 
et  ipsius  Ade  graue  dampnum  et  contra  formam  etc. 
vnde  dicit  quod  deterioratus  est  et  dampnum  habet 
ad  valenciam  decern  librarum  et  inde  producit  sec- 
tarn  etc. 

Et  Stephanus  per  Robertum  de  Feltewell,  attorna¬ 
tum  suum,  venit  et  defendit  vim  et  iniuriam  et  quic- 
quid  etc.  quando  etc.  et  bene  defendit  quod  ipse  non 
fuit  retentus  in  seruicio  predicti  Ade  ad  seruiendum 
sibi  sicut  idem  Adam  superius  per  narracionem  suam 
supponit,  et  de  hoc  ponit  se  super  patriam  et  predic¬ 
tus  Adam  similiter. 


APPENDIX 


448  * 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
hie  in  octabis  Sancti  Martini  per  iusticiarios  xii  etc. 
per  quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  ad  recognoscendum  etc. 
quia  tam  etc. 


Case  32. 


Y.  B.,  45  Mich.,  15,  f.  15. 


Covenant 

Mon- 

stran’. 

151. 


Un  home  port  briefe  de  covenaunt  sur  le  statute 
de  Labourers  vers  un  auter,  suppose  que  il  aver 
fait  covenaunt  ove  luy,  de  luy  servier  en  Lound’  a 
Ludgate  en  un  certain  office,  et  que  il  departist  sans 
conge. 


Condicion  Can  dish. 

Sta.  2.1  Nous  diomus  que  nous  fesomus  covenant  ove  luy 
sur  tiel  condition,  que  si  mes  parentes  et  mes  amies 
voille  a  tiel  covenaunt  assenter,  et  diomus  que  ils 
ne  voille  a  ceo  assenter,  per  que  nous  departomus 
de  luy,  come  bien  a  nous  list. 


Fencot. 

Vous  veies  bien  coment  il  alledge,  que  il  fist  cove¬ 
nant  ove  nous  conditionel,  que  chiet  en  especialty, 
de  quel  il  ne  monstre  riens,  per  que  n’entendomus 
mye,  que  a  ceo  que  il  ad  alledge,  nul  ley  nous  mitte 
a  responder,  judgement  et  priomus  nous  damages. 

Wichingham. 

Quant  Taction  de  covenant  est  maintenable  sauns 
especialty,  il  semble  que  par  mesme  le  reason  il 
doit  d’averrer  le  maner  de  covenant  de  son  party 
sans  especialty,  per  que  etc. 


Candish. 

Tende  d’averrer  que  le  covenant  se  fist  simple  a 
Ludgate  sauns  condition  prist,  etc. 


1  Error  for  3. 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  44g  * 

Fencot. 

Le  covenant  se  fist  a  les  friers  minours  de  Lound’ 
come  etc.  prist,  et  priomus  pays  d’illonques. 

Wichingham. 

Vous  ne  les  averes  pas,  mes  lou  le  plaintiff  ad 
alledge,  et  ita  fuit,  sed  secus,  issint  si  imprisonment 
ust  estre  alledge  et  plede  encounter  son  fait  per  le 
plaintiffe,  donques  serra  trie  lou  l’enprisonment 
serra  alledge,  etc. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  443. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  W.  de  Finchedon  et 
sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  de  Banco  de  termino 
Sancte  Trinitatis,  anno  .  .  quadragesimo  quinto  .  .  . 

Rot.  371. 

London’  Thomas  the  Personescosyn  of  Wanstede  attachi- 
atus  fuit  ad  respondendum  tarn  Regi  quam  Roberto  Mussen- 
den,  marchal,  de  placito  quare  cum  per  dominum  Regem  et 
consilium  suum  .  .  .  (departure  clause,  cf.  app.,  420)  pre- 
dictus  Thomas  in  seruicio  ipsius  Roberti  apud  London’  nuper 
retentus  ab  eodem  seruicio  .  .  .  (identical  with  app.,  421, 

mutatis  mutandis). 

Et  vnde  idem  Robertus  in  propria  persona  sua  queritur  quod 
cum  predictus  Thomas  in  festo  Pasche  anno  regni  domini 
Regis  nunc  Anglie  quadragesimo  quinto  apud  London’  in  paro- 
chia  Sancti  Martini  in  warda  de  Faryngdon  Extra  conuenisset 
cum  prefato  Roberto  ad  deseruiendum  ei  ibidem  in  officio 
marescalcie  a  dicto  festo  Pasche  per  vnum  annum  tunc  prox- 
ime  sequentem,  predictus  Thomas  in  festo  Pentecostes  infra 
terminum  predictum  a  dicto  seruicio  suo  sine  causa  racionabili 
et  licencia  ipsius  Roberti  recessit,  in  Regis  contemptum  et 
ipsius  Roberti  graue  dampnum  et  contra  formam  ordinacionis 
predicte,  vnde  dicit  quod  deterioratus  est  et  dampnum  habet 
ad  valenciam  decern  librarum,  et  inde  producit  sectam. 

Et  predictus  Thomas  in  propria  persona  sua  venit  et  defendit 


APPENDIX 


45°  * 

vim  et  iniuriam  quando  etc.  et  quicquid  etc.  et  dicit  quod  ipse 
dictis  die  et  anno  conuenit  cum  prefato  Roberto  ad  deseruien- 
dum  ei  in  officio  predicto  per  tempus  predictum  sub  tali  con- 
dicione  quod  pater  et  mater  ipsius  Thome  ad  conuencionem 
iliam  consentire  voluissent,  et  dicit  quod  statim  cum  idem 
Thomas  de  conuencione  ilia  predictis  patri  et  matri  suis  nunci- 
asset,  iidem  pater  et  mater  ad  conuencionem  illam  non  con- 
sencerunt,  set  earn  omnino  renuerunt,  per  quod  ipse  a  dicto 
seruicio  recessit  prout  ei  bene  licuit,  et  petit  iudicium  si  pre- 
dictus  Robertas  iniuriam  in  hoc  casu  in  persona  sua  assignare 
possit. 

Et  predictus  Robertas  dicit  quod  ipse  per  aliqua  preallegata 
ab  accione  sua  precludi  non  debet,  quia  dicit  quod  predictus 
Thomas  retentus  fuit  ad  deseruiendum  ei  in  forma  predicta  per 
tempus  predictum  simpliciter,  absque  aliqua  huiusmodi  condic- 
ione,  prout  ipse  superius  per  breue  et  narracionem  sua  sup- 
ponit,  et  hoc  petit  quod  inquiratur  per  patriam  et  predictus 
Thomas  similiter. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomitibus  quod  venire  faciant  hie  a 
die  Sancti  Michaelis  in  xv  dies  per  iusticiarios  xii  etc.  per 
quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  ad  recognoscendum  etc.  quia  tarn 
etc.  Et  super  hoc  Johannes  Trentemarze,  Iohannes  Croydon. 
Johannes  Henden  et  Willelmus  Passelewe  de  comitatu  Cant’ 
manuceperunt  predictum  Thomam  habendi  corpus  eius  hie  ad 
prefatum  terminum  et  sic  de  die  in  diem  ad  quemlibet  diem 
placiti  quousque  iurata  inde  inter  eos  transierit  et  iudicium 
inde  redditum  fuerit,  videlicet,  quilibet  eorum  corpus  pro  cor- 
pore  etc. 

Case  36. 

Y.  B.,  47  Mich.,  15,  f.  14. 

Trespas  Un  home  port  briefe  de  Trespas  sur  le  statute  de 
sur  le  Laborers  devers  un  Henry  Prie,  et  counta,  que  come 
statut  par  le  statute  est  ordeigne,  que  list  a  nul  home  en 
de  labor-  auter  service  reteinus,  deins  la  fine  de  terme  enter 
ers  37.  eux  accorde,  sauns  la  volunte  de  son  master  de- 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  4 ^  * 

Br.  11.  parter,  la  est  mesme  le  Henry,  vers  que  ceo  briefe 
est  port,  depart  hors  de  son  service  sans  cause,  a 
tort,  et  a  ses  damages,  et  mist  en  certein  quant  le 
terme  comence  et  quant  il  departe. 

Belknap. 

Nous  ne  fuimus  unques  en  vostre  service,  prist,  etc. 
Tanke. 

Ceo  n’est  pas  plee,  si  vous  ne  dedits  la  retenue  en 
nostre  service,  car  maintenant  apres  la  reteinue,  vous 
estes  a  judge  nostre  servant  par  la  ley,  coment  que 
vous  ne  venustes  unques  en  nostre  service,  par  que, 
depuis  que  il  ne  responde  pas  a  nous,  nous  demaunde 
judgment,  et  priomus  nous  damages. 

Fersay. 

A  ceo  que  vous  dits,  que  coment  que  il  ne  fuit 
unques  en  vostre  service,  que  il  fuit  ajuge  vostre 
servant,  eo  ipso,  il  n’est  pas  issint,  car  un  home  que 
est  en  vostre  service,  puit  faire  covenant  ovesques 
moy  a  server,  quant  son  terme  est  passe,  issint  que 
ceo  parol,  in  servicio  suo  retentus,  est  a  tiel  effect, 
que  il  fuit  en  vostre  service,  et  s’il  ne  vient  un¬ 
ques  en  vostre  service :  donques  averes  autre  briefe 
sur  vostre  case. 

Finchden. 

A1  comen  ley  devant  ceo  statute,  si  home  prist 
mon  servant  hors  de  mon  service,  jeo  avoy  briefe  de 
Trespas,  la  ou  il  fuit  en  mon  service  corporaliter ; 
ore  le  statute  fuit  fait  pur  cel  mischeife  que  s’il  ne 
vient  unques  en  mon  service,  apres  ceo  que  il  aver 
fait  covenant  de  moy  server,  et  il  soy  esloine  de 
moy,  j’avera  tiel  briefe,  a  suppose  que  il  fuit  reteinus 
en  mon  service,  et  departie  come  ceo  cy  est,  per  que 
il  covient  necessario  a  respondre  al  retenue,  ad  quod 
tota  curia  concessit. 


APPENDIX 


452  * 

Labor-  Belknap, 
ers  36.  Donques  nous  diomus,  que  nous  ne  fuimus  unques 
reteinus  de  luy  server,  prist,  etc. 

Tanke. 

E  contra,  et  sic  ad  patriam. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  450,  47  Pasch.,  rot.  203  d,  Kane’,  is 
probably  the  same  case  in  spite  of  the  difference  in  the  sur¬ 
name  of  the  defendant.  Henricus  Kary,  carucarius,  was  at¬ 
tached  to  answer  Margeria  on  the  charge  of  departure  within 
the  term;  his  plea  is  simply:  non  fuit  retentus  cum  prefata 
Margeria  prout  ipse  per  breue  et  narracionem  sua  superius 
supponit,  et  de  hoc  ponit  se  super  patriam  et  predicta  Mar¬ 
geria  similiter.  Usual  order  to  the  sheriff  to  summon  a  jury; 
verdict  not  recorded. 

6.  Cases  p,  38  and  43 .  ( Cf .  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  6.) 

Case  9. 

Y.  B.,  30  Mich.,  f.  31. 

In  un  briefe  sur  le  Statut  de  laborers  vers  un  Rich- 
Issue  ard  C.  de  ceo  que  il  reteina  un  son  servant,  et  luy  avoit 
esloigne  hors  de  son  service  enconter  le  Statut. 

Wichingham. 

Le  servant  fuit  villein  a  W.  D.  de  son  manor  de  A. 
quel  W.  morust,  et  pur  ceo  que  son  heir  fuit  deins  age, 
et  il  tient  part  de  ses  terres  del  Roy  il  seisit  la  gard, 
et  ce  granta  a  Sir  Michel  de  Poninges,  quel  M.  granta 
le  gard  a  nous.  Et  diomus  que  celuy  fuit  in  nostre 
service,  et  nous  luy  defendamus  que  il  ne  se  departist, 
et  il  ala  a  vous.  Et  pur  ceo  que  nous  avomus  besoign 
de  son  service,  nous  luy  prisomus  a  nous,  come  bien 
nous  list.  Jugement  si  de  ceo  tort,  etc. 

Burton. 

Vostre  respons  est  double :  un,  de  ceo  que  il  est 
villein  d’un  de  que  vous  aves  le  gard :  auter,  que  il 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


453  * 

fuit  en  vostre  service,  et  departa  enconter  vostre  gre; 
en  quel  cas  mesques  il  ust  este  frank,  vous  luy  purres 
aver  pris. 

Wichingham. 

Nous  ne  fondomus  rien  sur  ceo  que  il  fuit  en  nostre 
service  devant. 

Burton. 

Donques  nous  diomus  que  vous  n’aves  pas  besoign 
de  son  service,  pur  ceo  que  vous  aves  auters  asses. 
Prest,  etc.  Et  puis  il  adda,  sans  ceo  que  il  luy  defenda 
de  servir  ailours. 

Wichingham. 

Ou  vous  dites  que  il  n’avoit  pas  besoign  de  son  ser¬ 
vice,  il  avoit  besoign.  Prest,  etc. 

Green. 

Mesques  vous  soiez  a  un  de  prendre  ce  issu,  nous 
vomus  le  Statut,  si  l’issu  soit  acceptable,  etc. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  388. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasteriurn  coram  Roberto  de  Thorp 
et  sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  de  Banco  de  ter- 
mino  Sancti  Michaelis,  anno  .  .  tricesimo.  .  . 

Rot.  193. 

Sussex’  Robertus  Quetche  attachiatus  fuit  ad  respondendum 
tarn  Regi  quam  Andree  Peuerel,  chiualer,  de  placito 
quare  cum  per  Regem  et  consilium  suum  .  .  .  (re¬ 
tention  clause,  cf.  app.,  423)  predictus  Robertus  Iohan- 
nem  Bruggere,  nuper  seruientem  predicti  Andree  in 
seruicio  suo  apud  Blachyngton  retentum  .  .  .  (iden¬ 
tical  with  app.,  423,  mutatis  mutandis). 

Et  vnde  idem  Andreas  per  Willelmum  de  Neubiri, 
attornatum  suum,  queritur  quod  cum  predictus  Iohan- 
nes  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni  domini 
Regis  nunc  Anglie  vicesimo  nono  apud  Blachyngton 


APPENDIX 


retentus  esset  in  seruicio  ipsius  Andree  ad  seruiendum 
sibi  ibidem  per  vnum  annum  tunc  proxime  sequentem 
certa  conuencione  inter  eos  concordata,  idem  Iohannes 
sine  causa  racionabili  a  seruicio  ipsius  Andree  infra 
tempus  illud,  scilicet  die  Lune  proximo  ante  festum 
Sancte  1  Margarete  anno  regni  eiusdem  domini  Regis 
nunc  Anglie  tricesimo,  a  seruicio  ipsius  Andree  ante 
iinem  termini  inter  eos  concordati  sine  licencia  sua  re- 
cessit  in  seruicium  predicti  Roberti,  et  idem  Robertus 
ipsum  Iohannem  in  seruicio  suo  apud  Stenyngg  a  pre- 
dicto  die  Lune  vsque  diem  impetracionis  breuis  etc. 
retinuit  et  ipsum  eidem  Andree  licet  sepius  requisitus 
etc.  reddere  recusauit,  in  Regis  contemptum  et  pre¬ 
dicti  Andree  graue  dampnum  etc.  et  contra  ordina- 
cionem  supradictam  etc.,  vnde  dicit  quod  deteriorates 
est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  viginti  librarum, 
et  inde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  Robertus  per  Walterum  de  Warnham,  attoma- 
tum  suum,  venit  et  defendit  vim  et  inipriam  quando 
etc.  et  quicquid  etc.  et  dicit  quod  quidam  Willelmus 
Bouet  quondam  tenuit  manerium  de  Totynton  et  alia 
maneria  etc.  de  domino  Rege  etc.  et  obiit  in  homagio 
ipsius  domini  Regis ;  post  cuius  mortem  idem  dominus 
Rex  seisiuit  in  manum  suam  manerium  illud  etc.,  et 
Willelmum,  filium  et  heredem  ipsius  Willelmi  Bouet ; 
et  postmodum  idem  dominus  Rex  per  literas  suas 
patentes  custodiam  eorundem  manerii  et  heredis  etc. 
dimisit  cuidam  Michaeli  de  Ponyngges,  tenendam  vsque 
ad  legittimam  etatem  ipsius  heredis  simul  cum  mari- 
tagio  ipsuis  heredis  et  idem  Michael  postmodum  ean- 
dem  custodiam  manerii  et  heredis  dimisit  predicto 
Roberto  vsque  ad  legittimam  etatem  ipsius  heredis 
simul  cum  maritagio  eiusdem  heredis  et  dicit  quod 
pred ictus  Iohannes  Bruggere  de  quo  predictus  Andreas 
modo  queritur  fuit  villanus  predicti  Willelmi  Bouet  de 


’MS.  Sancti. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


manerio  predicto  et  nunc  est  villanus  predicti  Willelmi, 
filii  Willelmi  heredis  etc. ;  qui  quidam  Iohannes  sic 
villanus  etc.  in  seruicio  ipsius  Roberti  sic  custodis  etc. 
extiterat  et  a  seruicio  suo  recessit,  idem  Robertus  vt 
custos  predicti  heredis  sicut  predictum  est  ipsum  Io- 
hannem  in  seruicium  suum  recepit  et  reduxit  sicut  ei 
bene  licuit;  et  petit  iudicium  si  predictus  Andreas  in- 
iuriam  in  ipsum  inde  assignare  possit  etc. 

Et  Andreas  dicit  quod  predictus  Iohannes  Bruggere 
non  est  villanus  predicti  heredis  sicut  predictus  Rober¬ 
tus  placitando  allegauit,  et  de  hoc  ponit  se  super  pa- 
triam  et  predictus  Robertus  similiter. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
hie  1  a  die  Pasche  in  xv  dies  xii  etc.  per  quos  etc.  et 
qui  nec  etc.  ad  recognoscendum  etc.  quia  tarn  etc. 

Case  38. 

Y.  B.,  47  Mich.,  24,  f.  16. 

Briefe  Henri  Sparke  suist  un  briefe  sur  le  statute  de  la- 
sur  le  borers  devers  un  home,  del  reteiner  son  servant,  et 

statute  fist  sa  declaracion,  que  par  lou  il  avera  reteinu  un 
de  John  at  Roe  en  Toffice  de  carter,  del  feast  de  S. 

labor-  Michel  lan  xlv.  tanques  a  mesme  le  feast,  en  la  an 

ers  38.  prochein,  etc.  le  dit  William  luy  avoit  prise  hors  de 
Br.  13.  son  service,  le  merdy  en  le  semaigne  de  Penthecost 
l’an,  a  que  Tank  dit,  que  mesme  cesty  que  il  suppose 
que  fuit  son  servant,  fuit  villain  al  Abbe  de  Waltham, 
regardant  al  son  manour  de  Bedford,  quel  manour  il 
avera  leasse  a  terme  d’ans  al  defendant  longe  temps 
devant,  le  quel  terme  dure  uncore,  et  diomus,  que 
nous  avomus  charetrer,  et  avomus  besoigne  de  son 
service,  et  a  mesme  le  jour,  il  vient  a  la  lete  tenus 
le  jour,  que  il  ad  declaracion,  et  nous  luy  resceivou- 
mus  come  nostre  servant,  judgement  si  tort. 


1  In  MS.  hie  is  repeated. 


45^* 


APPENDIX 


Hasty,  pur  le  plaintife  dit,  que  il  fuit  frank,  et  de 
frank  estate,  prist. 

Et  alii  e  contra. 

De  Banco  Roll,  451. 

(No  heading  to  roll.)  47  Edw.  Ill,  Trin. 

Rot.  230.1 

Essex’  Willelmus  Whaykrylle  attachiatus  fuit  ad  respon¬ 
dendum  tam  domino  Regi  quam  Henrico  Spark  de 
placito  quare  cum  per  Regem  et  consilium  suum 
.  .  .  (retention  clause,  cf.  app.,  423)  predictus  Willel¬ 
mus  Iohannem  atte  Ree,  dryuere,  nuper  seruientem 
ipsius  Henrici  in  seruicio  suo  apud  Berkyng  retentum 
.  .  .  (identical  with  app.,  423,  mutatis  mutandis). 

Et  vnde  idem  Henricus  in  propria  persona  sua 
queritur  quod  cum  predictus  Iohannes  retentus  fuis- 
set  cum  ipso  Henrico  apud  Berkyng  ad  deseruiendum 
ei  ibidem  in  officio  carucarii  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis, 
anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  quadragesimo 
quinto,  vsque  idem  festum  tunc  proxime  sequens  per 
vnum  annum  integrum,  idem  Iohannes  a  seruicio 
ipsius  Blenrici  ante  finem  termini  predicti,  videlicet, 
die  Martis  in  septimana  Pasche,  anno  regni  domini 
Regis  nunc  Anglie  quadragesimo  quinto  [recessit], 
prefatus  Willelmus  eundem  Iohannem  quamquam  etc. 
in  seruicium  suum  admisit  et  retinuit,  in  Regis  con- 
temptum  et  ipsius  Henrici  graue  dampnum  et  contra 
formam  ordinacionis  predicte,  vnde  dicit  quod  de- 
terioratus  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  viginti 
librarum,  et  inde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  predictus  Willelmus  in  propria  persona  sua  venit 
et  defendit  vim  et  iniuriam  quando  etc.  et  quicquid 
etc.  et  dicit  quod  prefatus  Iohannes  atte  Ree  est  vil- 
lanus  abbatis  de  Waltham  Sancte  Crucis  vt  de  man- 

1  For  beginning  of  case,  cf.  De  Banco,  46,  Mich.,  66  d,  Essex. 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES  457  * 

erio  suo  cle  Wodeforri;  quodquidem  manerium  idem 
abbas  eidem  Willelmo  dimisit  ad  firmam  tenendum 
ad  terminum  annorum ;  quiquidem  terminus  nondum 
est  elapsus  et  quia  idem  Willelmus  non  habuit  ser- 
uientes  sufficientes  pro  carucis  et  carrectis  suis  infra 
manerium  predictum  tentis  tenendis,  occupandis  et 
fugandis,  idem  Willelmus  eundem  Iohannem  qui  vil- 
lanus  manerii  predicti  extit  vt  predicitur,  et  potens 
ad  laborandum  non  habens  vnde  de  suo  proprio  sc 
occupare  potuit,  ad  deseruiendum  ipsi  Willelmo  infra 
manerium  predictum  arestauit,  vnde  dicit  quod  ipse 
non  intendit  quod  aliqua  iniuria  in  hac  parte  assignari 
possit  etc. 

Et  predictus  Henricus  dicit  quod  ipse  per  aliqua 
preallegata  ab  accione  sua  predicta  repelli  non  debet, 
quia  dicit  quod  prefatus  Johannes  atte  Ree  liber  est 
et  libere  condicionis  et  non  villanus  predicti  abbatis, 
prout  predictus  Willelmus  superius  allegauit  et  hoc 
petit  quod  inquiratur  per  patriam,  et  predictus  Wil¬ 
lelmus  similiter. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
hie  in  octabis  Sancti  Michaelis  per  iusticiarios  xii  etc. 
per  quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc.  ad  recognoscendum  etc. 
quia  tarn  etc.  Et  super  hoc  Iohannes  Lichefeld,  Wil¬ 
lelmus  Wretheman,  Robertus  Daundeuyle  et  Iohannes 
Wroth,  iunior,  manuceperunt  predictum  Willelmum 
habendi  corpus  eius  hie  ad  prefatum  terminum  et  sic 
de  die  in  diem  ad  quemlibet  diem  placiti  quousque 
iurata  predicta  inde  inter  eos  transient  et  iudicium 
inde  redditum  fuerit,  videlicet,  quilibet  eorum  corpus 
pro  corpore  etc. 


Case  43. 

Y.  B.,  50  Mich.,  2,  f.  21. 

John  Brid  porte  briefe  de  Trespas  vers  John  Do- 


APPENDIX 


458* 

Labour¬ 
ers  42. 


beine,  et  counta  que  il  avera  ove  force  et  armes 
prise  et  amesne  Thomas  Sole  et  W.  Sole  son  vil¬ 
leins  en  son  service  esteant  a  H.  en  le  counte  de 
Somerset. 

Persay. 

Nous  diomus  que  mesme  ceux  T.  et  W.  viendront  a 
Herflet  en  le  county  de  Devon’,  et  fueront  vagraunts 
hors  de  chescun  service :  et  nous  a  eux  proferromus 
service,  et  ils  fieront  covenant  ove  nous,  de  nous 
servir  de  le  feast  de  S.  Michael  tanques  al  feast  de 
Saint  Michael  prochein  ensuant,  deins  quel  temps 
vous  suppose  par  vostre  count,  que  ils  fueront  prises 
et  amesnes,  deins  quel  temps  vous  venustis  a  Herd- 
tiete  en  le  county  de  Devon’,  et  pristes  nostre  ser¬ 
vants  hors  de  nostre  service,  et  les  amenastes  en  le 
county  de  Somerset  a  Hewiche,  a  que  vous  estes, 
et  nous  illonques  pristomus,  come  bien  a  nous  list, 
et  demaundomus  judgement,  si  de  tiel  prise  tort  en 
nostre  person  poies  assigne. 

Perle. 

A  ceo  diomus  nous,  que  longe  temps  devant  ceo 
covenant,  d’ont  vous  paries,  que  nous  conus  pas, 
nous  commaundomus  nostre  dits  villeins  de  nous 
servir  bien,  Tun  en  Toffice  de  carver,  et  Tauter  en 
office  de  fowlere,  et  des  auters  ovcraignes  faire,  des 
queux  les  seigniour  averont  mitre,  devant  a  eux  cer- 
tein  salary,  et  certein  summe  pur  viver  et  vesture, 
et  que  puis  nous  resceivomus  eux  come  nostre  ser¬ 
vants  et  il  ad  conus  le  prise  de  nous  a  force  et  armes, 
per  que  nous  demaundomus  judgement,  et  priomus 
nostre  damage. 

Persay. 

Et  depuis  que  nous  avere  allege  que  ils  viendront 
a  nous  en  le  county  de  Devon’  come  vagraunts, 
et  fieront  covenaunt  ove  nous,  et  fueront  en  nostre 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


459* 

service,  et  que  vous  les  prises  de  nous,  en  quel  case 
nous  entendomus  que  fuit  congeable  a  nous  d’eux 
reprendre,  nous  demaundomus  judgement,  et  pri- 
omus  que  vous  soies  barre. 

Belknap. 

Si  moil  villein  soit  fuiant  de  mon  seigniory,  ou 
en  auter  county,  et  illonques  soit  vagraunt  hors  de 
chescun  service,  il  est  congeable  de  chescun  de  luy 
faire  servir,  et  devant  tanques  il  soit  apprise,  que  il 
soit  servant  a  un  autre,  ou  auter  villein,  il  n’est 
tenus  de  faire  restitution  a  nul  home  de  luy,  et 
coment  que  son  primer  maister,  ou  son  seigniour 
luy  preigne  hors  de  son  service  sans  faire  notice  a 
luy,  que  est  son  maister,  a  que  il  fuit  son  servant 
devant,  que  il  est  congeable  chose  pur  luy  reprendre, 
Notice  et  vous  n’avere  my  allege  que  vous  fistes  notice,  ne 

B.  2.  que  il  aver  a  notice  de  lour  person,  come  de  vostre 

villein,  et  uncore  il  ne  gist  my  en  notice,  ne  que  ils 
fueront  en  ascun  service  ou  nemy,  per  que  il  semble 
que  sans  allegeance  que  vous  luy  fistes  notice,  ou  que 
ils  aver  notice  en  auter  maner,  que  vous  n’avere 
action  vers  luy. 

Persay.1 

Il  avera  notice  que  ils  fueront  ses  ii  villeins,  prist. 
Belknap. 

Coment  avera  il  notice,  etc.  quaere  ceo  matter. 
Fitzherbert,  Laborers,  42. 

Nota  que  Belknap  dit,  si  mon  villen  ale  de  ma  seignorie  a  vn 
auter  counte,  et  illonques  est  vagarant  hors  de  chescun  seruice, 
il  est  congeable  a  chescun  home  de  compel  luy  de  seruer  luy 
tanques  il  soit  apprise  que  il  est  auter  seruant  ou  auter  villen 
il  nest  tenus  de  faire  restitucion  a  nul  home  de  luy,  et  mesque 
son  prim  mester  ou  seignor  luy  preigne  hors  de  son  seruyce 


1  Apparently  an  error  for  Perle. 


APPENDIX 


460  * 

sauns  notice  faire  a  luy  que  est  son  mayster  deuaunt  il  est 
congeable  pour  luy  de  luy  reprendre,  par  que  les  partyes  pie- 
dent  accorde. 

Brooke,  Notice,  2. 

Vide  title  labores  17  que  seignior  de  villein  ou  master  que 
primes  reteine  seruant,  ne  eux  prende  hors  dauter  seruice  sans 
doner  notice  al  master  que  ad  le  seruant  in  possession,  post  4. 
(21  H.  6,  9).  50  E.  3.  21. 

Villenage,  13. 

Vide  title  laborers  17  par  Belknap  et  Persey,  seignur  ne 
prendra  son  villein  hors  dauter  seruice  ne  mastre  son  seruant 
pur  former  retaynder  sans  doner  notice  del  villenage  ou  for¬ 
mer  retaynder.  50  E.  3,  21. 

De  Banco  Roll,  no.  460. 

Placita  apud  Westmonasterium  coram  R.  Bealknapp  et 
sociis  suis  iusticiariis  domini  Regis  de  Banco  de  ter- 
mino  Sancti  Michaelis,  anno  .  .  quadragesimo  nono 

•  «  •  • 

Rot.  302. 

Somerset’  Iohannes  Michel,  persona  ecclesie  de  Baunton, 
Adam  Wade,  Iohannes  Cruse,  Robertus  Smyth  et 
Iohannes  Mannyng,  smyth,  attachiati  fuerunt  ad  re¬ 
spondendum  Simoni  Brut  de  placito  quare  vi  et 
armis  Iohannem  Bruere  et  Walterum  Bruere,  na- 
tiuos  ipsius  Simonis  in  seruicio  suo  apud  Huwissh 
Chaumflour  existentes,  ceperunt  et  abduxerunt  per 
quod  idem  Simon  seruicia  natiuorum  suorum  pre- 
dictorum  per  magnum  tempus  amisit  et  alia  enormia 
ei  intulerunt,  ad  dampnum  ipsius  Simonis  viginti 
librarum  et  contra  pacem  Regis  etc. 

Et  vnde  idem  Simon  per  Iohannem  Eitelton,  at- 
tornatum  suum,  queritur  quod  predicti  Iohannes 
Michel  et  omnes  alii  die  Iouis  proximo  post  festum 


DOCUMENTS ,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


461  * 


Pasche  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  quad- 
ragesimo  octauo,  vi  et  armis,  scilicet  gladiis,  arcubus 
et  sagittis,  lohannem  Bruere  et  Walterum  Bruere, 
natiuos  ipsius  Simonis  in  seruicio  suo  apud  Huwyssh 
Chaumflour  existentes,  ceperunt  et  abduxerunt  per 
quod  idem  Simon  seruicium  natiuorum  suorum  pre- 
dictorum  per  magnum  tempus,  videlicet,  a  predicto 
die  Iouis  vsque  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  tunc  prox- 
ime  sequens  amisit  et  alia  enormia  etc.,  ad  graue 
dampnum  etc.  contra  pacem  etc.  vnde  dicit  quod 
deterioratus  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam 
quadraginta  marcarum  et  inde  producit  sectam  etc. 

Et  predicti  Iohannes  Michel  et  omnes  alii  per 
Hugonem  Worthe,  attornatum  suum,  veniunt  et  de- 
fendunt  vim  et  iniuriam  quando  etc.  Et  iidem  Io¬ 
hannes  Michel,  Robertus  et  Iohannes  Mannyng 
dicunt  quod  ipsi  in  nullo  sunt  culpabiles  de  trans- 
gressione  predicta  et  de  hoc  ponunt  se  super  patriam 
et  predictus  Simon  similiter. 

Et  predicti  Adam  et  Iohannes  Cruse  quoad  venire 
vi  et  armis  dicunt  quod  ipsi  in  nullo  sunt  culpabiles, 
et  de  hoc  ponunt  se  super  patriam  et  predictus  Simon 
similiter.  Et  predictus  Adam  quoad  capcionem  pre¬ 
dicti  Iohannis  Bruere  etc.  et  prefatus  Iohannes 
Cruse  quoad  capcionem  predicti  Walteri  non  cog- 
noscunt  ipsos  fore  natiuos  ipsius  Simonis  set  con- 
trarium  verificare  pretendendo  si  etc.,  separatim 
dicunt,  videlicet,  idem  Adam  quod  ipse  ad  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  An¬ 
glie  quadragesimo  septimo  apud  Baunton  in  comi- 
tatu  Deuon’,  inuenit  eundem  lohannem  Bruere 
ibidem  vagantem  et  extra  quodlibet  seruicium  et 
similiter  predictus  Iohannes  Cruse  quod  ipse  inuenit 
ibidem  predictum  Walterum  vagantem  et  extra  quod¬ 
libet  seruicium,  per  quod  ipsi  separatim  conuen- 
cionem  cum  eis  fecerunt  ad  deseruiendum  eis  ibidem 


APPENDIX 


ab  eodem  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  vsque  idem  festum 
tunc  proxime  sequens  et  dicunt  quod  prefatus  Simon 
infra  terminum  predictum,  videlicet,  predicto  die 
louis  quo  ipse  supponitur  transgressionem  predictam 
sibi  factam  fuisse,  venit  apud  Baunton  et  eosdem 
Iohannem  Bruere  et  Walterum  extra  eorum  ser- 
uicium  vi  et  armis  cepit  et  abduxit  et  ipsi  eodem  die 
eundem  Simonem  recenter  prosecuti  fuerunt  vsque 
Huwyssh  Chaumflour  in  comitatu  Somerset’  et  ser- 
uientes  suos  predictos  ceperunt  et  secum  vsque  Baun¬ 
ton  reduxerunt  prout  eis  bene  licuit,  absque  hoc 
quod  ipsi  tunc  temporis  in  seruicio  ipsius  Simonis 
fuerunt,  et  hoc  parati  sunt  verificare  vnde  petunt 
iudicium  etc. 

Et  predictus  Simon  dicit  quod  ante  predictum 
festum  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni  domini  Regis 
nunc  Anglie  quadragesimo  septimo,  retencio  cum 
ipsis  Iohanne  Bruere  et  Walter o  per  preceptum 
eiusdem  Simonis  facta  fuit  ad  comorandum  et  de- 
seruiendum  eidem  Simoni  apud  Huwyssh  Chaum¬ 
flour  ab  eodem  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  vsque  festum 
Pentecostes  tunc  proxime  sequens  et  deinde  vsque 
festum  Sancti  Michaelis  tunc  proxime  sequens,  infra 
quern  terminum  iidem  Iohannes  Bruere  et  Walterus 
a  seruicio  ipsius  Simonis  recesserunt  et  a  seruicio 
suo  se  elongauerunt,  per  quod  ipse  eosdem  [Iohan¬ 
nem]  Bruere  et  Walterum  natiuos  et  seruientes  suos 
prosecutus  fuit,  ipsos  cepit  et  ad  iudicium  suum 
proprium  reduxit  et  in  seruicio  suo  ibidem  retinuit 
quousque  predicti  Adam  et  Iohannes  ipsos  Iohan¬ 
nem  Bruere  et  Walterum  in  seruicio  ipsius  Simonis 
apud  Huwyssh  Chaumflour  sic  existentes  vi  et  armis 
ceperunt  et  abduxerunt,  et  hoc  paratus  est  verificare, 
vnde  petit  iudicium  etc. 

Et  predicti  Adam  et  Iohannes  Cruse  dicunt  quod 
vbi  prefatus  Simon  superius  in  manutencionem  ac- 


DOCUMENTS,  LISTS  AND  TABLES 


463  * 

cionis  sue  allegauit  predictos  Iohannem  Bruere  et 
Walterum  retentos  fuisse  cum  ipso  Simone  ad  de- 
seruiendum  ei  ante  predictum  festum  Sancti  Mich- 
aelis  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  quadra- 
gesimo  septimo  a  predicto  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  per 
vnum  annum  tunc  proxime  sequentem,  iidem  Iohan- 
nes  Bruere  et  Walterus  non  fuerunt  retenti  cum 
eodem  Simone  ante  predictum  festum  Sancti  Mich¬ 
aelis  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  Anglie  quadra- 
gesimo  septimo,  ad  deseruiendum  eidem  Simoni  ab 
eodem  festo  tunc  proxime  sequente,  prout  idem 
Simon  preallegauit,  et  hoc  parati  sunt  verificare,  vnde 
petunt  iudicium  etc. 

Et  predictus  Simon  dicit  quod  Iohannes  Bruere  et 
Walterus  retenti  fuerunt  per  preceptum  eis  apud 
Huwyssh  Chaumflour  factum  ante  predictum  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  anno  regni  domini  Regis  nunc  An¬ 
glie  quadragesimo  septimo,  ad  deseruiendum  eidem 
Simoni  ibidem  ab  eodem  festo  per  vnum  annum  tunc 
proxime  sequentem,  prout  ipse  superius  placitando 
declarauit  et  hoc  petit  quod  inquiratur  per  patriam 
et  predicti  Adam  et  Iohannes  Cruse  similiter. 

Ideo  preceptum  est  vicecomiti  quod  venire  faciat 
Octabis  hie  in  octabis  Sancti  Hillarii  xii  de  visneto  de 

Hillarii.  Huwysshe  Chaumflour  per  quos  etc.  et  qui  nec  etc. 
ad  recognoscendum  etc.  quia  tarn  etc. 


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torique  par  Charles  Petit-Dutaillis.  Societe  de  l’Ecole  des  Char- 
tes,  Memoires  et  Documents,  v.  ii,  Paris,  1898. 

Riley,  H.  T. 

See  Memorials  of  London  and  Munimenta  Gildhallae. 

Rogers,  James  E.  Thorold 

A  History  of  Agriculture  and  Prices  in  England ',  1259-1793.  6  vols., 
Oxford,  1866-87;  v.  vii,  Oxford,  1902. 

Six  Centuries  of  Work  and  Wages.  N.  Y.,  1884. 

.  “England  Before  and  After  the  Black  Death”  in  Fortnightly  Re¬ 
view,  v.  iii. 

“The  Peasants’  War  of  1381,”  ibid.,  v.  iv. 

Rotuli  Parliament orum ;  ut  et  Petitiones,  et  Placita  in  Parliamcnto 
[Edw.  I — H.  VII].  6  vols.,  Lond.  [1783].  Index  vol.,  Lond., 
1832. 

Rotulorum  Originalium  in  Curia  Scaccarii  Abbreviatio.  2  vols.,  Rec. 
Comm.,  Lond.,  1805-1810. 

Rymer,  Thomas,  and  Sanderson,  Robert 

Foedcra,  Convcntiones,  Litterac,  et  cujuscunque  generis  Acta  Pub- 
lica,  inter  Reges  Angliac  et  alios  quosvis  Imperatores,  etc.  4  vols. 
in  7  pts.,  Rec.  Comm.,  Lond.,  1816-1869. 

Salmond,  John  W. 

“History  of  Contract”  in  Law  Quarterly  Review,  v.  iii. 

Savine,  Alexander 

“Bondmen  under  the  Tudors”  in  Trans.  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  new 
series,  v.  xvii. 

Review  of  Wat  Tyler’s  Rebellion,  by  D.  Petrushevsky,  in  E.  H.  R., 
v.  xvii. 

Scargill-Bird,  S.  R. 

A  Guide  to  the  Principal  Classes  of  Documents  preserved  in  the 
Public  Record  Office.  2nd  ed.,  Lond.,  1896. 

Seebohm,  Frederic 

“The  Black  Death  and  its  Place  in  English  History”  in  Fortnightly 
Review,  v.  ii. 

“The  Population  of  England  before  the  Black  Death,”  ibid.,  v.  iv. 

“Villainage  in  England”  in  E.  H.  R.,  v.  vii. 

Select  Cases  from  the  Coroners’  Rolls,  I265~I4I3 •  Ed.  Charles  Gross, 
Selden  Soc.,  Lond.,  1896. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  PRINTED  SOURCES 


472  * 

Select  Cases  in  Chancery,  1364-1471.  Ed.  William  Paley  Baildon,  Sel- 
den  Soc.,  Lond.,  1896. 

Select  Pleas  in  Manorial  and  other  Seignorial  Courts.  H.  III.  and 
Edw.  I.  Ed.  F.  W.  Maitland,  Selden  Soc.,  Lond.,  1889. 

Sharpe,  R.  R. 

See  Calendar  of  Letter  Books  of  London. 

Soule,  Charles  C. 

“  Year-Book  Bibliography”  in  Harvard  Law  Review,  v.  xiv. 
Spence,  George 

The  Equitable  Jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of  Chancery.  2  vols., 
Lond.,  1846-49. 

State  Trials  of  the  Reign  of  Edward  the  First ,  1289-1293.  Ed.  T.  F. 
Tout  and  Hilda  Johnstone,  Royal  Hist.  Soc.,  Lond.,  1906. 

Statham,  (Nicolas) 

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Comm.,  Lond.,  1810-1828. 

Stephens,  A.  J.  See  Merewether. 

Stevenson,  W.  H.  See  Records  of  Nottingham. 

Stubbs,  William 

The  C onstitutional  History  of  England  in  its  Origin  and  Develop¬ 
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Thompson,  E.  M. 

See  “Offenders  against  the  Statute,  etc  A 
Tout,  T.  F. 

The  Political  History  of  England,  1216-1377.  N.  Y.,  etc.,  1905. 

See  also  State  Trials. 

Trevelyan,  George  Macaulay 

England  in  the  Age  of  Wycliffe.  N.  Y.,  etc.,  1899. 

“An  Account  of  the  Rising  of  1381”  in  E.  H.  R.,  v.  xiii. 

Trokelowe,  John  of 

J ohannis  de  Trokelowe  et  Henrici  de  Blaneforde,  Monachorum  S. 
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Ed.  H.  T.  Riley,  Rolls  series,  Lond.,  1 866. 

Unwin,  George 

Industrial  Organization  in  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  Centuries. 
Oxford,  1904. 

VlNOGRADOFF,  PAUL 

Villainage  in  England.  Oxford,  1892. 

Review  of  Page’s  End  of  Villainage  in  E.  H.  R.,  v.  xv. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  PRINTED  SOURCES  473  * 
Wiebe,  Dr.  Georg 

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in  Staats-  und  socialwissenschaftliche  Beitrdge.  Ed.  Dr.  August 
von  Miaskowski,  v.  ii,  pt.  2,  Leipzig,  1895. 

Wiltshire  Assise  Roll. 

See  “Offenders  against  the  Statute,  etc.” 

Wyclif,  John 

The  English  Works,  hitherto  unprinted.  Ed.  F.  D.  Matthew,  Early 
English  Text  Soc.,  Lond.,  1880. 

Year  Books. 

Les  Reports  del  cases.  [Edw.  II — 27  H.  VIII.]  11  pts.  Lond., 
1678-80. 

Le  Second  Part  de  les  Reports  des  Cases  en  Ley  [17-39  Edw.  III.]. 
Lond.,  1679. 

Les  Reports  del  Cases  en  Ley  [40-50  Edw.  III.].  Lond.,  1679. 

Le  Livre  des  Assises  et  Pleas  del  Cor  one.  Lond.,  1679. 

1  &  2  Edward  II.  1307-1309.  Ed.  F.  W.  Maitland,  Selden  Soc., 
Lond.,  1903. 

2  &  3  Edward  II.  1308-9  and  1309-10.  Ed.  F.  W.  Maitland,  Sel¬ 
den  Soc.,  Lond.,  1904. 

3  Edward  II.  1309-1310.  Ed.  F.  W.  Maitland,  Selden  Soc., 
Lond.,  1905. 

12  &  13  Edward  III.  Ed.  Luke  Owen  Pike,  Rolls  series,  Lond., 
1885. 


INDEX 


This  index  does  not  include  headings  or  references  already  sufficiently 


indicated  in  the  table  of  contents. 

Abridgments,  170.  See  also 
Brooke,  Fitzherbert  and  Stat- 
ham. 

Accounts,  57,  79,  88,  102,  105,  hi, 
1 13  et  seq.,  120,  127,  140,  256*- 
258*,  3i2*-3i4*.  See  also  Es¬ 
treats  and  Money  penalties. 

Actions,  of  covenant,  157-160,  162- 
163,  173,  178-179,  189-190;  of 
debt,  173,  193,  note  1,  206;  of 
false  imprisonment,  180-182, 
206,  210;  of  trespass  vi  et  armis, 
173,  181,  182,  195,  206,  212;  on 
statutes  of  labourers,  geograph¬ 
ical  distribution  of,  1 73-1 74. 
See  also  Compulsory  service 
clause,  Contract  clause,  Price 
clause,  Service  by  the  usual 
terms,  Summer  and  winter 
clause,  Wages  clause,  Depar¬ 
ture  and  Retention. 

Agricultural  labourers,  71-73,  75, 
78,  80,  82,  89-90,  156,  160,  179- 
180,  182-183. 

Allowances,  money  penalties 
granted  as,  to  taxpayers,  pt.  1, 
ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A  and  B. 

Allowance  system,  118. 

Almsgiving,  72,  77. 

Amercements,  see  Money  penal¬ 
ties. 

Ancient  Indictments,  29,  79,  note 
8,  166,  note  2,  167,  170,  174, 
143*,  241*. 

Apprentices,  185,  211. 

Artisans,  71-73,  75,  76,  78,  80,  82, 
90,  155-156,  179,  183,  184. 

Assize  of  ale,  154-155,  160,  164- 
165. 

Assize  of  bread,  ut  supra. 

Assize  Rolls,  I42*-I44*,  239*. 

Associations  to  commissions,  28, 
42*,  43*. 

Assumpsit ,  action  of,  158. 


Attachment,  68,  119,  169,  171  et 
seq.,  207. 

Bailiffs,  10,  12,  52,  note  4,  66,  68, 
73,  79,  94,  100,  102,  144,  161, 
186-187. 

Baldwin,  quotations  from,  41,  note 
3,  42,  note  2,  218,  6*. 

Bateson,  quotations  from,  159. 

Black  Death,  1-2,  87,  99,  106,  223. 

Boroughs,  33,  36  et  seq.,  52,  155- 
156,  159,  163. 

Brooke,  167,  177,  204. 

Calendars,  ig*-2i*;  errors  in,  33*- 
35*,  notes. 

Capias,  writ  of,  66,  68. 

Carthusians,  93,  147. 

Certiorari,  writ  of,  64,  92,  95,  note 
1,  96-97,  240*. 

Chancellor,  27,  33,  43,  note  2,  46, 
64,  96,  166,  239*-240*;  of  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Oxford,  33,  52. 

Chancery,  65,96-9 7, 145,  239^-240*. 

Chaplains,  71,  note  1,  81,  187-189. 

Chester,  palatinate  of,  16,  147,  19*. 

Chivage,  157,  201. 

Chroniclers,  2,  91-92,  95-96,  3*. 

Church,  the  work  of,  71,  note  1, 
215,  note  1,3*. 

Clerks,  81,  186-187;  of  justices  of 
labourers,  46-48,  59,  61-63,  94. 

Close  Rolls,  36,  44  et  seq.,  134,  19*, 
255*- 

Collectors  of  the  subsidy  of  1348, 
pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A,  12,  14, 
255*-258*;  of  ^52,  pt.  i,  ch.  iii, 
s.  1,  B,  44-45,  54,  55,  255*- 
258*,  312* -314*. 

Commissions,  for  labourers,  defi¬ 
nition  of,  13,  note  5;  of  investi¬ 
gation,  1 15,  123-124,  255*;  of 
oyer  and  terminer,  94,  200;  of 
the  peace,  pt.  i,  ch.  i,  ss.  1,  2 
and  4,  126,  146;  to  collectors, 
100  et  seq.,  108,  255*. 

475* 


INDEX 


476* 

Committee  of  apportionment,  44- 
45,  109,  m-113. 

Common  law,  178,  189-191,  194- 
195,  199- 

Common  Pleas,  court  of,  pt.  ii, 
ch.  ii,  passim ,  especially  166, 
168,  169,  170-172,  175.  See 
also  De  Banco  Rolls,  Reports 
and  Records. 

Commons,  action  of  the,  26-28,  33, 
34,  99-100,  106-107,  1 39-140. 
See  also  Petitions  in  Parlia¬ 
ment. 

Communities,  the,  33,  35,  118,  120, 
125-127,  131,  See  also  Peti¬ 
tions  and  Taxpayers. 
Compulsory  service  clause,  3,  note 

1,  7 1,  73-74,  82,  157,  161,  175, 
176,  179-181,  190,  note  3,  198, 
199-200,  205-206,  212-213,  217, 
222;  exemption  from,  74,  180- 
181;  form  of  writ,  174-175,  212, 
note  4. 

Constables,  duties  of,  10,  66,  67- 
68,  73,  76,  83,  100,  113,  114, 
1 19,  161,  197;  delinquencies  of, 
77,  94,  102. 

Contract  clause,  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  ss. 

3,  4,  5,  6  and  7;  71,  74,  78,  82, 
83,  162-163;  form  of  writ,  174- 
175.  See  also  Departure  and 
Retention. 

Contracts,  154,  157-160,  162-163, 
1 77-1 79,  223. 

Controlment  Rolls,  166,  note  2,  167. 
Coram  Rege  Rolls,  97,  166,  note 

2,  171-173,  241*.  See  also 
King’s  Bench,  Plea  Rolls  and 
Records. 

Coroners,  52,  116,  note  2,  137. 
Coroners’  Rolls,  166,  note  2,  167, 
170,  144*,  239*. 

Council,  see  King’s  council. 
Counts,  177,  178,  note  3,  192. 
Counties,  commissions  for  labour¬ 
ers  in,  pt.  1,  ch.  1,  ss.  1,  2  and 

4,  138*— 139* ;  distinction  be¬ 
tween,  39,  198-199,  203-205. 
See  also  Petitions. 

County  court,  69,  161,  and  note  3, 
162. 

County  Placita,  96,  239*,  240*. 
Covenant,  see  Actions  of  covenant. 
Craft  gilds,  155. 

Damages,  see  Money  penalties. 


Davenport,  quotation  from,  163,  and 
note  4. 

De  Banco  Rolls,  166,  note  2,  171- 
172.  See  also  Common  Pleas, 
Plea  Rolls  and  Records. 

Defendants,  181-182,  and  note  1, 
213;  pleas  of,  187,  192  et  seq., 
197;  decisions  of  courts  as  to, 
pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  s.  7.  See  also 
Employees  and  Employers. 

Departure  within  term,  actions  for, 
74,  158,  175,  181,  195;  form  of 
writ,  174-175, 177-178.  See  also 
Contract  clause,  Defendants, 
Employees  and  Employers. 

Deputies  of  justices  of  labourers, 
54,  59-60,  228*— 229* . 

Distraint,  writs  of,  68,  note  4,  119, 
132,  135,  137- 

Durham,  palatinate  of,  10,  12,  16, 
37;  Cursitors’  Records,  i9*-20*. 

Ecclesiastical  authorities,  189.  See 
also  Church. 

Employees,  actions  against,  181; 
analysis  of,  182  et  seq.;  manual 
labourers,  78,  179;  above  man¬ 
ual  labourers,  81,  91,  183,  186 
et  seq.;  rights  of,  under  con¬ 
tract  clause,  192-194.  See  also 
Defendants. 

Employers,  actions  against,  70, 
181-182,  213,  221,  223;  rights 
of,  under  compulsory  service 
clause,  1 81,  199-200;  under 

contract  clause,  194  et  seq., 
203.  See  also  Defendants  and 
Plaintiffs. 

Enrolled  Subsidies,  127,  257*,  312*- 
3I4*- 

Estreats,  definition  of,  61;  method 
of  writing,  61-62,  65,  136;  de¬ 
livery  of,  to  proper  official  in¬ 
sisted  on  by  exchequer,  35-36, 
63,  64,  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  passim; 
separation  of  estreats  of  justices 
of  labourers  from  those  of 
keepers  of  the  peace,  18,  23-24, 
146.  See  also  Accounts, 
Money  penalties  and  Justices 
of  labourers. 

Excess,  see  Money  penalties. 

Exchequer,  32-33*35-36,  64-65,  92, 
97,  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  passim.  See 
also  Accounts,  Estreats,  and 
Money  penalties. 


INDEX 


Exemption,  from  compulsory  la¬ 
bour,  see  Compulsory  service 
clause;  from  service  on  com¬ 
missions  for  labourers,  see 
Justices  of  labourers. 

Exigends,  66,  69;  rolls  of,  166, 
note  2,  176,  144*,  239*. 

Fine  Rolls,  19*,  255*. 

Fines,  see  Money  penalties. 

Fines  and  Amercements,  257*. 

Fitzherbert,  42,  note  1,  43,  note  1, 
95,  note  1,  97,  note  2,  167-170, 
177,  pt.  ii,  ch.  ii,  ss.  4,  5  and 
6,  notes,  passim. 

Franchises,  see  Lords  of,  and  Lib¬ 
erties. 

Gaol  Delivery  Rolls,  166,  note  2, 

144*. 

Gasquet,  quotations  from,  93,  notes 
3  and  4,  99,  note  1,  108,  note 
3,  130,  note  1,  186,  note  5,  215, 
note. 

Hostelers,  73. 

Household  servants,  71-73,  75,  78, 
80,  83,  89,  179,  182. 

Hundred,  67,  68;  court  of,  139,  158, 
161,  note  3,  162. 

Imprisonment,  82-85. 

Innkeepers,  73. 

Iron,  price  of,  15,  note  5. 

Joint  commission,  definition  of,  12, 
note  2;  final  form  of,  17,  25, 
126;  cases  before  in  King’s 
Bench,  97,  172. 

Juries  of  indictment,  66,  67;  pre¬ 
sentments  by,  66-68,  84,  174. 
See  also  Trial  juries. 

Jurisdiction,  conflict  of,  between 
old  local  courts  and  quarter 
sessions,  138-139, I53-I54;  164- 
165;  between  county  and  bor¬ 
ough  justices  of  labourers,  38- 
39;  between  county  and  special 
justices  of  labourers,  ibid.; 
between  collectors  and  justices 
of  labourers,  103-104;  profits 
of,  92-93,  98,  99,  138-139,  165,' 
of  justices  of  the  peace  over 
statutes  of  labourers,  10,  17, 

25,  153. 

Jurors,  67,  69-70,  213.  See  also 
Juries. 

Justices  of  labourers,  definition  of, 
20-21;  abolition  of,  17,  23-24, 
32;  survival  of  phrase,  20,  25- 


477* 

26;  total  number  appointed, 
20-21 ;  exemption  of,  from  ser¬ 
vice,  34-36,  49  ;  non-residence 
of,  50-51;  number  of  acting, 
1 7,  35-36,  60,  63  ;  capitalis 
iusticiarius,  35,  note  4,  60-61, 
64;  special,  see  Lords  of  fran¬ 
chises;  relation  of,  to  lords,  92- 
93 ;  duties  of,  in  regard  to 
estreats,  18,  23-24,  35-36,  61- 

64,  87,  103-105,  109-113,  132- 

136,  144-145 ;  salaries,  total 

amount  of,  128;  methods  of  pay¬ 
ment  of,  44-45,  11 2,  1 14,  123- 
124, 133-135, 141,143;  references 
to,  in  central  courts,  191,  194, 
197,  214;  delinquencies  of,  92, 

94,  96,  103,  106,  115-117,  119, 
120,  135;  general  conclusion  as 
to,  55-56,  77,  149,  220.  See 
also  Jurisdiction,  Penalties  and 
Quarter  sessions. 

Justices  of  the  peace,  see  Keepers 
of  the  peace. 

Keepers  of  the  peace,  pt.  i,  ch.  i, 
ss.  1,  2,  3  and  4;  as  justices  of 
the  peace  acquire  permanent 
jurisdiction  over  the  statutes 
of  labourers,  24-26,  153;  rec¬ 
ords  of,  143*. 

King,  the,  46,  56,  64,  69,  92,  93, 

95,  123,  142,  147,  164,  216*  et 
seq.  See  also  King’s  council. 

King’s  Bench,  court  of,  29,  32,  64- 

65,  92,  93,  note  4,  94,  96-97, 
hi,  123-124,  151,  pt.  ii,  ch. 
ii,  passim ,  especially  166,  172, 
176.  See  also  Coram  Rege 
Rolls,  Reports,  Records  and 
Penalties. 

King’s  council,  2,  13,  26,  29-34, 
40,  41,  48,  note  2,  56,  64-65, 
76,  86,  92-96,  100  et  seq.,  125- 
126,  129-130,  141-142,  149,  166, 
240*-24i*.  See  also  Petitions. 

Labourers,  76,  77,  80,  83,  100,  130, 
219-220.  See  also  Ordinance 
of,  Statute  of,  Justices  of, 
Commissions  for,  Agricultural 
Labourers,  Artisans,  House¬ 
hold  servants,  Labouring 
classes,  Employees  and  Wages. 

Labouring  classes,  2,  78,  81,  92, 
99,  129,  189,  207.  See  also  ut 
supra. 


INDEX 


478* 

Lambard,  quotations  from,  9,  note 
1,  14,  23,  38,  42,  note  1,  51. 

Lancaster,  county  of,  11,  12,  29, 
37;  palatinate  of,  16-17,  21 ,  38, 
20*. 

Lay  Subsidies,  257*,  3i2*-3i4*. 

Leet,  155-156. 

Letters  Close,  see  Close  Rolls. 

Letters  Patent,  20,  note  1,  35,  61, 
66,  note  3,  136;  of  exemption, 
34.  See  also  Patent  Rolls. 

l.iher  Intrationum,  177. 

Liberate  Rolls,  19*. 

Liberties,  20-21,  37  et  seq.,  68. 
See  also  Lords  of  franchises. 

Local  courts,  procedure  in,  68; 
sources  for,  161,  note  3,  3*. 

Local  officials,  14,  16,  72.  See  also 
Bailiffs,  Constables,  Senes¬ 
chals  and  Tithingmen. 

London,  33,  36,  52,  136-1 37,  i55~ 
156,  173-174,  183. 

Lords,  71,  73,  161,  176,  222-223; 
of  franchises,  claim  penalties 
by  charter  and  by  grant,  pt.  1, 
ch.  iii,  s.  2,  B;  list  of,  147-148, 
I39*-I4i*;  obtain  special  jus¬ 
tices  of  labourers  for  a  time, 
32,  37-40, 140-142;  contribute  to 
salaries  of  justices  of  labourers, 
45,  143.  See  also  Jurisdiction, 
conflict  of. 

Madox,  quotation  from,  139. 

Maitland,  quotations  from,  158- 
160,  notes. 

Manor,  20;  court  of  the,  139,  157- 
158,  161,  note  3,  162  et  seq., 
205,  222. 

Manual  labourers,  see  Labourers, 
Labouring  classes  and  Em¬ 
ployees. 

Masters,  see  Employers. 

Mayors,  33,  52,  161. 

Memoranda  Rolls,  pt.  i,  ch.  iii, 
passim,  255*-256*. 

Minors,  185-186. 

Mittimus ,  writ  of,  97,  240*. 

Mobility  of  labourers,  74,  154-157, 
160,  181,  222.  See  also  Sum¬ 
mer  and  winter  clause. 

Money  penalties,  98,  note  1 ;  amerce¬ 
ments,  85;  damages,  85,  210  et 
seq.;  excess,  82-85;  fines,  68-69,  i 
84-85,  210 ^^./distinction  be¬ 
tween  fines  and  excess,  23,  86- 


87,  103-105,  107,  144-147;  ex¬ 
cess  to  go  to  plaintiff  if  any 
sue,  82-83;  application  of,  to 
subsidies,  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A 
and  B;  belong  normally  to  the 
crown,  subject  to  the  claims  of 
the  lords  of  franchises,  pt.  i, 
ch.  iii,  s.  2,  A  and  B;  amount 
of,  imposed  on  individuals,  86, 
210  et  seq;  total  amount  of,  m- 
114,  pt.  i,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B,  c, 
135,  147—148;  salaries  of  justices 
of  labourers  paid  out  of,  44, 
1 12,  128,  132;  arrears  of,  109, 
no,  1 16  et  seq.,  120,  125,  128, 
133,  146;  importance  of,  36, 
149.  See  also  Estreats. 

New  Natura  Brevium,  see  Fitz- 
herbert. 

Non-intromittant  clause,  38-39. 

Notice  in  contract  cases,  196,  198- 
199,  203-205. 

Novce  Narrationes,  167,  177. 

Oaths,  imposed  on  justices  of  the 
peace  and  their  clerks,  pt.  i, 
ch.  i,  s.  5,  63,  note  2,  65,  note 
5;  on  bailiffs,  constables  and 
seneschals,  66,  73;  on  jurors, 
67,  70;  on  labourers,  72,  73,  76. 

Ordinance,  of  June,  1349  (first 
ordinance  of  labourers),  pro¬ 
clamation  of,  2,  36;  supple¬ 
mented  by  statute  of  labourers, 
2,  13-14,  72;  more  important 
than  statute,  179;  made  a  stat¬ 
ute,  2,  note  8;  analysis  of 
clauses  of,  71-72,  82,  154,  160- 
161,  179-180;  form  of  writs  on, 
174-175;  main  object  of,  3-5; 
result  of,  149,  Conclusion;  sub¬ 
stance  of,  enforced  previous  to 
1349,  154  et  seq.;  of  November, 
1349  (second  ordinance  of  la¬ 
bourers),  82,  100-101,  104-106; 
re-enacted  by  statute  of  labour¬ 
ers,  105. 

Originalia  Rolls,  19*,  255*. 

Outlawry,  69,  95,  note  1,  166,  note 
2, 176,  5*,  I43*-I44*,  239*-240*. 

Palatinates,  see  Chester,  Durham 
and  Lancaster. 

Parliament,  see  Commons  and  Pe¬ 
titions. 

Patent  Rolls,  166,  note  2,  19*,  143*, 
255*- 


INDEX 


Peasants’  Revolt,  4,  190,  note  6, 224. 

Penalties,  nature  of,  pt.  i,  ch.  ii, 
s.  5.  See  also  Imprisonment, 
Stocks  and  Money  penalties. 

Petitions,  6*~7*;  in  parliament,  2, 
5,  is,  note  5,  18-19,  23,  25-27, 
40,  43,  note  2,  44,  45,  note  2, 
46,  49-so,  52,  54,  58-59,  105, 
107-109,  130,  136,  140,  180; 
from  abbot  of  Pippewell,  93; 
from  archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
142;  from  Carthusians,  93,  147; 
from  communities,  100  et  seq., 
1 23  et  seq.;  from  county  of 
Hereford,  29;  of  Lancaster,  29; 
of  Northampton,  125-126;  of 
Northumberland,  35;  of  Sur¬ 
rey,  29;  from  lords  of  fran¬ 
chises,  164,  216*  et  seq.;  from 
magnates  of  Warwick  and  Lei¬ 
cester,  23-24,  146. 

Petrushevsky,  quotations  from,  4, 
note  2,  222,  223. 

Pipe  Rolls,  59,  135,  145,  257*-258*. 

Placita  de  Scaccario,  256*. 

Plague,  see  Black  Death. 

Plaintiffs,  66,  70,  82-83,  180-182, 
193,  note  1,  213. 

Plea  Rolls,  167,  169-171,  213.  See 
also  Coram  Rege  and  De  Banco 
Rolls  and  Records. 

Pledges,  68,  84-86. 

Ploughmen,  80,  91,  182-183. 

Presentments,  see  Juries  and  Con¬ 
stables. 

Price  clause,  72,  73,  75-77,  82-84, 
.  154,  161,  1 74-1 75. 

Prices,  rise  of,  before  Black  Death, 
87;  after  Black  Death,  4-5,  Si- 
82,  87;  sources  for  statistics  of, 
57,  88;  specific  instances  of, 
89-91;  regulations  of,  previous 
to  1349,  4-5,  155  et  seq .,  160; 
by  ordinance,  72;  by  statute, 
73,  by  justices  of  labourers,  76; 
effect  of  statutes  on,  220-221. 

Quarter  sessions,  pt.  i,  ch.  ii;  dates 
of,  58;  length  of,  47-48,  58-59; 
place  of,  59-60;  broken  up  by 
violence,  93-94;  records  of,  57, 
61,  et  seq.',  conflict  of  jurisdic¬ 
tion  between,  and  old  local 
courts,  138-139,  153-154,  164- 
165;  main  work  of,  77-79,  174, 
179. 


479* 

Reasonable  price,  4,  88,  154,  219, 

Rebate  system,  118. 

Records,  general  account  of,  3*- 
4  *;  of  actions  in  central  courts, 
167,  169  et  seq.,  187,  214.  See 
also  Plea  Rolls,  Coram  Rege 
Rolls  and  De  Banco  Rolls. 

Red  Book  of  the  Exchequer,  41 
et  seq. 

Registrum  Brevium ,  167,  170,  174- 
175,  177-178. 

Reports,  167  et  seq.,  187.  See  also 
Year  Books. 

Retention  of  another’s  servant, 
actions  for,  74,  95,  158-160, 
162,  175,  181,  197,206;  form  of 
writ,  174-175,  177-178.  See 
also  Contract  clause,  Defend¬ 
ants  and  Employers. 

Ridings,  37  et  seq. 

Rogers,  quotations  from,  4-5,  88. 

Savine,  quotations  from,  165,  note 
3,  204,  note  4,  205,  note  1. 

Security,  82-83.  See  also  Pledges. 

Seneschals,  66,  73,  94,  187. 

Servants,  wages  of,  71  -73;  ambig¬ 
uity  of  term,  79-80:  definition 
of,  182-183.  See  also  Em¬ 
ployees,  Household  servants, 
Agricultural  labourers  and  Ar¬ 
tisans. 

Service  by  usual  terms,  74,  191- 
192;  form  of  writ,  174-175. 

Sheriffs,  duties  of,  12,  note  4,  24, 

33,  36,  39,  42,  44,  52-54,  61- 
62,  66-69,  101,  105,  131,  et  seq., 
144,  145,  161;  delinquencies  of, 
1 16,  1 19,  137;  Accounts  of, 
257*;  States  and  Views  of 
Accounts  of,  256*;  Sheriff’s 
Turn,  155. 

Special  justices  of  labourers,  see 
Lords  of  franchises. 

Specialty,  15 7  et  seq.,  189-190,  195, 
note  4. 

Statham,  167. 

Statutes,  7*-8*;  9  Edw.  Ill,  st.  i,  c. 
5,  65,  note  4:  25  Edw.  Ill,  st. 
2,  cc.  i~7(Statute  of  Labourers) , 
enactment  of,  2;  supplements 
first  ordinance,  2,  13-14,  72; 
less  important  than  first  ordin¬ 
ance,  179;  re-enacts  second 
ordinance,  105;  analysis  of 
clauses  of,  14,  58,  66,  72-73, 


480* 


INDEX 


82-83,  154;  applies  throughout 
England,  36;  form  of  writs  on, 
1 74-1 75;  main  object  of,  3-5; 
result  of,  149,  Conclusion;  sub¬ 
stance  of,  enforced  previous  to 
1349,  154  et  seq.’,  st.  5,  cc.  9 
and  10,  15,  note  5;  st.  7,  27, 
note  2,  108-109,  and  note  2: 
27  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c.  3  (Stat¬ 
ute  of  Victuallers),  27,  39, 
note  3,  164:  28  Edw.  Ill,  c.  5, 
15,  note  5:  31  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1, 
c.  6,  45,  143;  c.  7,  137;  c.  13, 
131,  note  2,  143:  35  Edw.  Ill, 
(34  Edw.  Ill),  cc.  1,  5,  6,  9, 
10  and  11,  24-25,  52,  note  1, 
175,  176:  36  Edw.  Ill,  st.  1,  c. 
8,  189,  note  1;  c.  12,  58;  c.  14, 
119,  125-126:  42  Edw.  Ill,  c.  6, 
25:  2  R.  II,  st.  1,  c.  8,  2,  note 
8,  179:  12  R.  II,  c.  10,  28,  note 
3,  45,  note  2,  48,  note  1:  18  H. 
VI,  c.  11,  49,  note  6:  5  Eliz., 
c.  4,  s.  xxxi,  26,  36,  note  3. 

Stocks,  73,  77,  82,  83, 180-181,  197. 

Sub-collectors,  102-103,  113,  114, 
119,  123,  130. 

Sub-constables,  67. 

Sub-sheriffs,  53,  137,  note  6. 

Subsidy,  of  1348,  grant  of,  99,  100; 
application  of  money  penalties 
to,  pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  A:  of 
1352,  grant  of,  106-107;  appli¬ 
cation  of  money  penalties  to, 
pt.  1,  ch.  iii,  s.  1,  B;  see  also 
Collectors:  of  1357,  131,  143. 

Summer  and  winter  clause,  72,  74, 
156-157,  176,  177;  form  of  writ 
on,  174-175- 

Supersedeas,  writs  of,  17,  24,  32, 
69,  125,  133,  137,  note  4, 

Taxation,  pressure  of,  99,  106,  219- 
220. 

Taxes,  see  Subsidy  and  Taxation. 

Taxpayers,  complaints  of,  98-99, 
103,  120,  123,  126-128.  See 
also  Petitions  and  Communi¬ 
ties. 

Tenth  and  fifteenth,  see  Subsidy. 

Towns,  20-21,  37-39,  67,  note  1, 
139*.  See  also  Boroughs. 

Treasurer,  27,  33,  46,  64,  117  et 
seq.,  1 33,  134,  149,  215-216, 


255*-256*.  See  also  Exche¬ 
quer. 

Triennial  grants,  see  Subsidy. 

Trial  juries,  69-70,  207;  verdicts  of, 
70,  207,  210-213. 

Vagrants,  3,  note  1,  73-74,  181, 
197-199,  204-206,  211-212,  222- 
223. 

Venire  facias,  writ  of,  68,  note  4. 

Victuallers,  72-73,  75,80-81,90-91, 
179,  183;  statute  of,  see  Stat¬ 
utes. 

Victuals,  prices  of,  tit  supra  and 
154  et  seq.,  161,  219. 

Villeinage,  see  Villeins. 

Villeins,  3-4,  71,  77-78,  95~96,  157, 
176,  181,  182,  184,  206,  222-223. 

Vinogradoff,  quotations  from,  177, 
note  6,  200-205  and  notes. 

Wages,  rise  of,  before  Black  Death, 
87,  219;  after  Black  Death,  2, 
4-5,  81-82,  87,  219-220;  sources 
for  statistics  of,  5 7,  88-89,  178, 
note  3;  specific  instances  of,  89- 
91,  162,  178;  regulations  of, 
previous  to  1349,  4-5,  155  et 
seq.,  160;  regulations  of,  by 
ordinance,  3,  71-72;  by  statute, 

3 ,  72-73;  by  justices  of  labour¬ 
ers,  76;  effect  of  statutes  on, 
220-221 . 

Wages  clause,  71-73,  75,  77,  79, 
82-85,  154;  form  of  writ,  174- 
175;  indirectly  enforced  through 
contract  clause,  178. 

Wapentakes,  20-21,  37  et  seq.,  67, 
note  1,  161,  139*. 

Weights  and  measures,  15,  and 
note  5,  16,  25,  68,  note  4,  71, 
note  1. 

Willard,  131,  note  2,  313*. 

Writs,  of  the  great  seal,  see  Letters 
Patent,  Letters  Close  and  Ex¬ 
chequer;  of  privy  seal,  50,  note 

4,  142;  on  statutes  of  labourers, 
174-175,  1 77,  178,  197,  208, 
212.  See  also  Attachment, 
Capias ,  Certiorari,  Distraint, 
Mittimus,  Supersedeas  and 
Venire  facias. 

Year  Books,  167-169,  4*.  See  also 
Reports. 


VITA 


The  author,  Bertha  Haven  Putnam,  was  born  in  New 
York,  March  i,  1872.  In  the  autumn  of  1889  she 
entered  Bryn  Mawr  College,  where  she  received  the  de¬ 
gree  of  A.  B.  in  1893.  From  1893-95  taught  Latin 
in  the  Bryn  Mawr  School  in  Baltimore,  and  from  1895-97 
in  the  Brearley  School  and  in  the  Misses  Eaton  and 
Wilson’s  private  classes  in  New  York. 

In  1895  she  began  her  work  as  a  graduate  student  and 
candidate  for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  under 
the  Faculty  of  Political  Science  of  Columbia  University, 
her  major  subject  being  Sociology  and  her  minor  sub¬ 
jects  Economics  and  European  History.  She  took 
courses  with  Professor  F.  H.  Giddings,  Professor  E.  R. 
A.  Seligman,  Professor  J.  B.  Clark,  Professor  H.  R. 
Seager  and  Professor  H.  L.  Osgood,  and  she  attended 
the  seminars  of  Professor  Giddings.  In  June,  1903,  she 
passed  her  examinations  in  her  major  and  minor  subjects. 

The  spring  and  summer  of  1905  she  spent  in  London 
in  research  work  at  the  Public  Record  Office.  In  April, 
1907,  she  defended  her  dissertation  before  the  Faculty 
of  Political  Science  and  passed  her  examinations  in  lan¬ 
guages. 

In  the  spring  of  1908  she  was  appointed  instructor  in 
History  at  Mount  Holyoke  College  for  the  year  1908-09. 

She  has  published  in  the  English  Historical  Review  for 
July,  1906,  an  article  entitled  “The  Justices  of  Labourers 
in  the  Fourteenth  Century.” 


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